BO CO

GI K S:L MINH HIN

T SINH VIN:L TN THNH

QUN L TNH DI NG CA UE(MOBILE

MANAGERMENT)
1.1)LOCATION REGISTRATION
Trong ti liu (1)

1.2)PAGING
Tm gi(paging) l th tc quan trng ,dng thnh lp mt cuc gi, CN s gi 1
bn tin tm gi n UE thng qua UTRAN, sau khi nhn c, UE c nhn tin tm
gi s khi to thnh lp mt kt ni n CN kt ni cuc gi ca mnh
1.2.1)PHN LOI
Theo ni khi to tm gi, ta chia thnh 2 loi:tm gi khi to t CN v tm
gi khi to t UTRAN
1.2.1.1)TM GI LOI 1

Hnh 1:tin trnh tm gi loi 1

loi ny, bn tin c khi to CN. UE ang trang thi CELL-PCH, URA-PCH
hay IDLE mode,ni cch khc , UE ang trang thi ngh hoc khng truyn d
liu.v th v tr ca UE c bit trong phm vi 1 LA hay RA n ng k. Bn tin c
pht cho tt c cell trong LA hay RA sau khi UTRAN tnh ton thi gian tm gi
mc ch tm gi loi 1 thng l thnh lp cuc gi
1.2.1.2)TM GI LOI 2

Hnh2 :tm gi loi 2

loi ny, tin tm gi c khi to ngay UTRAN.UE ang CELL-DCH hoc CellFACH, ni cch khc, UE ang c sn 1 kt ni khi nhn bn tin tm gi. v th, v tr
UE c cp nhp, nn bn tin c pht ch trong cell cha UE

mc ch ca tm gi loi 2 thng l cp nhp thng tin h thng v to lp thm

kt ni(UE trong UMTS c th dng song song nhiu dch v khc nhau , chim 1
DCH nhng c nDTCH trong .
Xt theo loi knh c s dng tm gi ta cng c 2 loi S_CCPCH v PICH
1.2.1.3)TM GI S DNG S_CCPCH
Sau UE c thng tin h thng SIB5 ly thng tin knh chung, xc inh c
knh S-CCPCH(secondary common control physical channel) mang thng tin v 1
knh PCH(paging channel). Trong PCH xc inh thng tin v PICH(Paging Indicator
Channel) sau UE xc nh gi tr paging c cho mnh hay khng.
Nu c,UE cng d trong S-CCPCH knh FACH v bt u gi yu cu kt ni
1.2.1.3)TM GI S DNG PICH
Vic s dng S-CCPCH tn nhiu ti nguyn v nng lng UE rt nhiu(10ms 1
ln), khc phc nhc im , ngi ta s dng k thut DRX(discontinuous
Reception):nhn khng lin tc
Sau khi c PCH v xc inh PICH,UE s khng dng S-CCPCH na m s ch gim
st Paging Indicator vi k thut DRX
Thng s:
chu k gim st

DRX Cycle Length (2^K)*PBP frames

K:h s c trng cho DRX cycle length trong CN, SIB1,

k=6
PBP:paging block period: chu k khi tm gi, FDD , nhn
gi tr 1
Khi DRX Cycle Length= 640ms

c hi tm gi(Paging Occasion): Paging Occasion (CELL SFN) = {(IMSI

mod M) mod (DRX cycle length div PBP)} * PBP+ n * DRX cycle
length + Frame Offset
vi SFN(system frame number) = IMSI mod (2^K) + n *
(2^K)

da vo tnh q bit Paging Indicator no gim st frame PICH

Vi PI = (IMSI div 8192) mod NP

C thng s q, UE s bit c cn xem thng tin u trn S-CCPCH v ly thng

tin cn thit

Hnh3:v tr xc nh DRX cycle length

1.2.3) TIN TM GI
lch biu tm gi:c thc hin trn MAC-C. sau khi MAC-C nhn c tin t
CN, n tnh ton, lu li trong h s tm gi.8 tin l s tin ti a cho b nh
ny. n thi gian pht tin, MAC-C truyn cho NodeB v NodeB s truyn
chng trn knh tm gi cho cell ca mnh.c 2 thng s chnh trn bn tin l
yu cu t CN v IMSI(international mobile subscriber indentity). bo mt
thng tin, MAC-C s dung RNTI(radio network temporary indentity) thay th
IMSI
thng s
h s vng tm gi DRX:vi K cng ln,vng cng di, nng lng tiu
tn cng t
gi tr Np:s ca PI trn khung, c tri t (18,24,32,71,144)sau khi
ly PI, UE gi iu ch knh S-CCPCH. Nu Np nh, nhiu UE s c
chia s trn PI nhng UE s truyn nhiu ln hn.v ngc li
khong thi gian truyn li tin tm gi: tng t l thnh cng ca
tin tm gi, CN vf RNC s truyn li tin tm gi.vi 1 chu k tm gi, CN
c th truyn li 4 ln
s c
CN gi bn tin tm gi cho RNC, nu RNC ang trong tnh trng qu
ti, n s t chi truyn bn tin, v gi li tin thng bo RNC b qu
ti ti CN

Ti u

ng truyn b li, hay hin tng khng bnh thng xy ra cell

c th do suy hao ng truyn, CN v RNC dng n bin php
truyn li
Thng k lu lng: kim tra nhng trng location area paging
success rate and RA paging success rate
Cnh bo: kim tra cnh bo qu ti RNC CN v cnh bo iu
khin lung RNC
Kim tra phn nn t UE(Subscriber complaint) sau mi chu k
Kim tra cuc gi: t l cuc gi thnh cng khi lng lng t nh
v khi c phn nn t UE

1.3)HAND OVER
L mt hot ng chnh , c ngha duy tr kt ni ca UE khi UE vn ang di
chuyn. n gin c th ni khi i t cell c ph sng sang cell mi, mt kt ni
mi c thnh lp v kt ni c c g b.
C nhiu l do thc hin Handover nhng 1 l do chnh l nng cao cht lng
kt ni, m bo kt ni Cell-DCH c lin tc.ko theo l hng lot cc tiu chun
v th tc phc tp
Hand over c 2 mc ch :
Cht lng tn hiu:HO xy ra khi cht lng hay cng sut tn hiu h xung
mc ngng cho php .Tn hiu s c d , so snh c UE v BS,v
Handover c thc hin
Cn bng lu lng:HO xy ra khi dung lng truyn t ca cell t ti mc
nh.trong trng hp ny, UE gn ra ca cell s c HO cho cell ln cn
1.1)TIN TRNH HANDOVER

Hinh 4:tin trnh c bn ca Handover

o cht lng tn hiu:trong sut cuc hi thoi,UE lin tc theo di cng
sut tn thiu vi 2 knh P-CPICH,S-CPICH(common pilot channel) vi s nh
hng ca fading, suy hao ng truyn
Quyt nh:bc ny ,RNC vUE thc hin so snh cc chun Handover,
thng s thut ton a ra quyt inh c Handover hay khng
Thc thi:nu bc 2 l c quyt inh c, UE hoc RNC s pht i cc bn
tin yu cu vic Handover xy ra
bc 3, s thc thi c th bt u UE hoc RNC
+network evaluated handover (NEHO):quyt nh HO xy ra bi yu cu ca
Network SRNC
+Mobile evaluated handover(MEHO):quyt inh thwucj thi xy ra UE,UE sau
gi yu cu n RNC

1.2)PHN LOI
Xt theo th tc:
HARD HANDOVER: loi ny , UE ngng kt ni vi cell c v sau thnh
lp kt ni mwois cell mi

 SOFT HANDOVER:loi ny,UE lin tc c iu khin bi 2 hay nhiu NodeB

thuc cng mt RNC hay khc RNC , bt buc gia cc RNC phi c giao din
Iur v cc Node B hot ng trn cng 1 bng tn s . kt ni c gi lin
tc khi xy ra HO :
ng xung, UE kt hp cc tn hiu t nhiu Node B vi b
thu RAKE
ng ln, RNC ch tn hiu t Node B mnh nht
SOFTER HANDOVER:l 1 trng hp c bit ca HO,khE i t sector ny qua
sector kia ca cng 1 Node B
ng xung:UE kt hp tn hiu c thu t 2 cell
ng ln, nodeB kt hp tn hiu thu t 2 cell

Hnh 5:phn loi Handover

Nu phn loi theo h thng
Intra-system Handover: xy ra trong h thng WCDMA , chia lm 2 loi
Intra-frequency handover : xy ra gia cc cell c cng tn s sng
mang
Inter-frequency handover: xy ra gia cc cell hot ng trn
nhuwangx di tn sng mng khc nhau
Inter-system handover:xy ra cc cell c cng ngh truy nhp mng khc
nhau(gia GSM v UMTS)
1.3)THNG S

Hnh 6:th tc o
Khi mun c bo co v thng s o c trn tn hiu, UTRAN gi yu cu iu
khin s o cho UE, UE s bo cc thng s o c
Hnh (B) A:s o trn knh vt l
B:s o sau khi knh vt l i qua b lc
C:s o sau khi s li b lc th 3
C:nhng s o khc
D:s o s c bo co li thng qua giao din v tuyn/Iub
Nhng thng s quan trng nht l Ec/No(cht lng knh CPICH), RSCP(bc
knh CPICH), v RSSI(bc tn hiu cell GSM)
1.4.1)soft Handover
1.4.1.1)phn bit tp hp v neighbor
Active set: l tp hp cc cell m UE lin tc lin lc trong qu trnh
soft handover.
Candidate set: l tp hp cc cell c Ec/Io ln nhng cha c
vo active set.
Neighbour set: l danh sch cc cell cung cp cho UE n lin tc o c
v gim st.
Soft handover l l 1 bc pht trin ni bt ca h thng thng tin di ng th
h 3, vi rt nhiu li ch

 Ti u iu khin cng sut vng kn nhanh, UE lun lun kt ni vi cell

mnh nht.
m bo tn hiu c truyn lin tc bng cch kt hp cc tn hiu
nhn
c khi UE di chuyn ra bin cell v tn hiu t 1 cell cung cp th khng m
bo.
Hn na, li phn tp bng cch kt hp tn hiu trong NodeB hay RNC
ci thin cht lng ng truyn ln v v th gim cng sut cn truyn ca
phn ln cc HANDOVER xy ra vi s di chuyn chm, v trong cng 1 RNC,
hoc khc RNC nhng cng tn s sng mang nn u im ca SOFT
HANDOVER c pht huy mnh.O cng chim nhiu ti nguyn hn
1.4.1.2)cc s kin chnh
Khi hot ng, cc o c c UE thng bo v RNC theo chu k .khi RNC so
snh v tha iu kin no th s xy ra cc s kin.
1A:RNC a cell vo danh sch Active cell khi Active cell cha y.

Vi pilot_Ec/Io l kt qu ca cell ang xt ph ln hn cell mnh nht mt

ngng(AS_Th-AS_Th_Hyst)
1B :cell b xa ra khi danh sch active cell

Khi Ec/Io ca cell ang xt nh hn cell mnh nht mt khong

ngng
1C:Cell khng thuc active set tr nn tt hn cell ang thuc active set,
v active set y
1D: thay i cell tt nht. Bo co c kch khi khi c mt cell trong
active set tr nn tt hn cell ang tt nht cng thm mt gi tr
ngng.
1J:a HSUPA cell trong DCH active set thnh E-DCH active set.bo co
c kch khi khi 1 E-DCH khng active m DCH active li tt hn EDCH active

Hnh7 :minh ha s kin xy ra trong SOFT HANDOVER

1.4.1.3)tin trnh
Bc 1: UTRAN thng bo cho UE v thng tin ca neighbour cell,
srambling code, power trn knh BCH. N cng ging nh BA list trong GSM.
Bc 2: UE o c mnh v time delay
neighbour

ca cc cell trong danh sch

Bc 3: UE gi thng tin o c li v cho UTRAN.

Bc 4: UTRAN da trn kt qu o c v quyt nh xem c handover hay
khng?
Bc 5: Nu c handover th UTRAN thng bo cho BS2 iu chnh li nh th
cho DPCH thng qua time delay
Bc 6: B thu Rake receiver ng b vi knh DPDCH v DPCCH ca BS2.
Bc 7: UE ri vo trng thi soft handover vi BS1 v BS2.
Bc 8: BS2 c cng tn hiu mnh v UE ngt kt ni vi BS1. V
qu trnh handover hon tt.
1.4.2) Intra-frequency Hard Handover
Khi gia RNC cng tn s nhng khng c kt ni Iur th HO ny xy ra
Sut qu trnh HO, UE ch c 1 RL.2 tn s ca cell ngun v cell ch ging nhau
Li th ca HO loi ny l nng cao hiu sut s dng OVSF v phn cng. tuy nhin
n lm rt cuc gi tng

1.4.3) Inter-frequency Hard Handover

Sng mang ca cell hin ti v cell ch khc nhau. Da vo nhng l do khi to HO
, Inter-frequency chia lm 4 loi
Coverage-based inter-frequency:khi UE ra khi khu vc ph sng ca tn s
hin ti, RNC bt u khi to Coverage-based inter-frequency cho HO
QoS_based inter-frequency: da vo thut ton iu khin link n inh(Link
Stability Control Algorithm), RNC khi to lo HO ny
Load-based inter-frenquency: cn bng lu lng trn cc cell, RNC chn
mt s UE thc hin chuyn mng m da trn h s u tin v dch v v
ngi s dng
Speed-based inter-frequency:khi Ue di chuyn tc thp, UE c HO vo
cell ph nh(microcell), nu di chuyn tc ln,UE c HO ra cell c
ph ln hn(Macrocell)
Cc s kin chnh ca Inter-frequency Hard Handover :
2D:khi cht lng tn hiu hin ti thp hn ngng,UTRAN khi to compress
mode v bt u o c trn inter-frequency
2F:khi cht lng tn hiu hin ti cao hn ngng,UTRAN thot compress
mode v dng o c trn inter-frequency
2B:khi cht lng tn hiu hin ti thp hn ngng v tn hiu interfrequency neighbor cao hn ngng, UTRAN khi to inter-frequency HO da
trn vng ph
2C:c on cht lng tn hiu inter-frequency neighbor cell cao hn ngng
1.4.4) Inter-RAT Hard Handover
y l loi chuyn mng gia 2 mng kahcs nhau cng ngh truy nhp mng , c
chia lm 2 loi
UMTS->GSM handover
UMTS->GSM coverage-based handover
UMTS->GSM load-based handover
UMTS->GSM service-based handover
GSM->UMTS handover
Vi cch chuyn giao ny,vng ph phc v ca UE tng ln, dung lng cng tng
ln cho cc Ue c(2G ln 3G) . tuy nhin n i hi c s tng thch ca UE vi cc
th h mng, v cc th tc cng phc tp nhiu
Cc s kin chnh

 2D:khi cht lng tn hiu hin ti thp hn ngng, RNC kch hot
compress mode v bt u o c inter-RAT
2F:khi cht lng tn hiu hin ti cao hn ngng, RNC tt compress mode
v dng o c inter-RAT
3A:khi cht lng tn hiu dng cho tn s UMTS thp hn ngng, trong khi
cht lng mng khc cao hn ngng, RNC kch hot chuyn giao UMTSGSM da trn vng ph
3C:khi cht lng tn hiu ca cc h thng mng kahcs cao hn ngng,
RNC kch hot chuyn giao UMTS-GSM da trn lu lng/dch v

1.4.5) Blind Handover

Chuyn giao m :UE c th chuyn mng trc tip n cell ln cn m khng
cn o c
iu ny ch xy ra vi iu kin 1F: P-CPICH tr nn xu hn gi tr ngng
tuyt i. . Bo co
c kch hot khi c mt cell mi cng vi gi tr offset ca n thp hn gi
tr ngng ty chn tr i gi tr ngng ty chn

Ti liu tham kho

1. WCDMA Handover Principle and Relevant Parameters. Operator.com
2. CNG NGH3G WCDMA UMTS by tin s Nuyn Phm Anh Dng
3. WCDMA RAN Planning and Optimization (Book3(1) Features and Algorithms)
by Huawei
4. TM HIU V SOFT HANDOVER TRONG WCDMA . bo co hc vic ca Nguyn
Quang Tun
5. Soft Handover Issues in Radio Resource Management for 3G WCDMA
Networks by Yue Chen
6. UMTS Networks Architecture, Mobility and Services Second Edition by Heikki
Kaaranen