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TUO 5g
TUO 5g
tereti
Tehnologija uklanjanja oneienja
Doc.dr.sc. Merica Slikovi
Doc.dr.sc. Gorana Jeli Mreli
Predavanje 5
Tekui tereti
Isputaju se u more namjerno ili nenamjerno, obino:
2. vanjskim uvjetima:
vjetru,
valovima,
strujama,
temperaturi...
Ulja
vaenju (podmorske
buotine),
transportu (tankerima i
podvodnim naftovodima),
obradi i
skladitenju nafte.
1.
2.
Operacije tankera 6%
Havarije tankera 6%
jeftiniji su,
efikasniji i
ekstremno fleksibilni.
smanjenje posljedica
pomorskog transporta
je
meunarodnih
sigurnosnih
mjera
Atlantski ocean
38% meunarodnog
transporta
nafte
morem
(Karipsko
more - godinje 1
milijun tona)
Indijski ocean 34% meunarodnog
transporta
nafte
morem
(Bengalski
zaljev
i
Arapsko
more - godinje 5
milijun tona)
Pacifik - 28%
meunarodnog
transporta
nafte
morem
tjesnac Malacca
Panamski kanal
Sueski kanal
Podjela tankera:
ultra velike (300 000 t),
vrlo velike (200 000 t),
srednje (125 000 t)
lake (75 000 t)
NAIN IZLIJEVANJA
Nesree
Trgovake operacije
Mjesto
Godina
Tona nafte
Zaljevski rat
Perzijski zaljev
1991
1 500 000
Ixtoc I
Meksiki zaljev
1979
480 000
1979
287 000
Perzijski zaljev
1983
260 000
ABT Summer
700 NM od Angole
1991
260 000
Castillo de Bellver
1983
252 000
Amoco Cadiz
Saldanha Bay, S
Afrika
Bretanja, Francuska
1978
223 000
Amoco Haven
blizu enove
1991
144 000
Odyssey
1988
113 000
Sea Star
700 Nm od Nove
kotske, Kanada
Omanski zaljev
1972
115 000
Torrey Canyon
Scilly Isles, UK
1967
119 000
Irenes Serenade
zaljev Navarino,
Grka
La Corua, panjolska
1980
100 000
1976
100 000
Urquiola
Wales, UK
1996
72 000
Prestige
Galicija, panjolska
2002
63 000
Exxon Valdez
1989
35 000
1999
25 000
Erika
izvor: http://www.itopf.com/information-services
Exxon Valdez
Zato?
O emu ovisi tetan utjecaj naftne mrlje na okoli?
Hvala na panji!
Pitanja za ponavljanje
1.
2.
3.
I jo neto vie o
O Annexu II
Revised MARPOL Annex II 2007 - The new categories are:
Category X: Noxious Liquid Substances which, if discharged into the sea from tank
cleaning or deballasting operations, are deemed to present a major hazard to
either marine resources or human health and, therefore, justify the prohibition
of the discharge into the marine environment;
Category Y: Noxious Liquid Substances which, if discharged into the sea from tank
cleaning or deballasting operations, are deemed to present a hazard to either
marine resources or human health or cause harm to amenities or other legitimate
uses of the sea and therefore justify a limitation on the quality and quantity
of the discharge into the marine environment;
Category Z: Noxious Liquid Substances which, if discharged into the sea from tank
cleaning or deballasting operations, are deemed to present a minor hazard to
either marine resources or human health and therefore justify less stringent
restrictions on the quality and quantity of the discharge into the marine
environment; and
Other Substances: substances which have been evaluated and found to fall outside
Category X, Y or Z because they are considered to present no harm to marine
resources, human health, amenities or other legitimate uses of the sea.
Alongside the revision of Annex II, the marine pollution hazards of thousands of
chemicals have been evaluated by the Evaluation of Hazardous Substances
Working Group, giving a resultant GESAMP2 Hazard Profile which indexes the
substance according to its bio-accumulation; bio-degradation; acute toxicity;
chronic toxicity; long-term health effects; and effects on marine wildlife and on
benthic habitats.
As a result of the hazard evaluation process and the new categorization system,
vegetable oils which were previously categorized as being unrestricted will now
be required to be carried in chemical tankers. The revised Annex includes, under
regulation 4 Exemptions, provision for the Administration to exempt ships
certified to carry individually identified vegetable oils, subject to certain
provisions relating to the location of the cargo tanks carrying the identified
vegetable oil.
Transport of vegetable oils
An MEPC resolution on Guidelines for the transport of vegetable oils in deep
tanks or in independent tanks specially designed for the carriage of such
vegetable oils on board dry cargo ships allows general dry cargo ships that are
currently certified to carry vegetable oil in bulk to continue to carry these
vegetable oils on specific trades. The guidelines also take effect on 1 January
2007.