TDM=time division multiplexing

TDMA=time division multiple access

TDM v TDMA l hai khi nim khc hn nhau. Tuy nhin, s na n nhau gia chng rt d
gy nhm ln gia cc khi nim, k c i vi mt s thy ta. Ti s c gng trnh by
tht vn tt, i ch s c th c cc v d two in one, mong cc bn chu kh suy ngh i
cht.
TDM l khi nim ghp knh, thuc phm vi truyn dn, trong khi TDMA l khi nim a
truy nhp, thuc phm vi access (truy nhp mng). Vic kim sot iu khin TDM
thuc chc nng lp 1 (transmission layer) trong m hnh OSI cn kim sot iu
khinTDMA thuc chc nng lp 2 (hoc 3), ch t cng khng thuc lp 1. Ghp knh l
khi nim v t chc truyn dn gia hai nt ca mt mng, trong khi a truy nhp lin
quan ti vic t chc kt ni t thu bao ti mng.
TDM thng dng khi ni n ghp knh trn mt ng truyn point-to-point, hu tuyn
nh T1/E1; cn TDMA th dng khi ni n cc h thng thng tin di ng, ng truyn v
tuyn. TDM ch lin quan n 1 transmitter v 1 receiver cnTDMA th c nhiu
transmitters.
Mc du cng c im l chia khung thi gian thnh cc time slot (TS) cho nhiu ngi
chia s ti nguyn song c nhng im khc bit c bn gia TDM vTDMA sau y:
TDM l s phn nh dung lng tng cng ca knh tng theo thi gian cho cc ngi s
dng khc nhau trn c s t u cui ti u cui v khng thay i TS dnh cho ngi s
dng c nu khng config li ton b h thng. Ngha l mi mt ngi s dng s c
n nh mt TS c nh truyn tin v d cho ngi s dng khng c traffic truyn
trn knh vt l (TS) dnh cho mnh th knh s rng m ngi s dng khc khng th
t ng chim knh truyn tin. Ngay c khi ta c c mun dng mt cch nht thi
TS cho ngi s dng khc dng cng khng th c. Ly th d: Trong mt tuyn
truyn dn quang t H Ni i Hi Phng gi d vi knh dung lng l lung STM-4 c 3
lung STM-1 c nh (3TS dnh cho 3 lung STM-1) c dnh cho kt ni t H Ni i Hi
Phng, cn mt lung STM-1 dnh cho kt ni t H Ni n Hi Dng v t Hi Dng ti
Hi Phng. Khi trn STM-1 lin lc H Ni - Hi Dng khng c traffic th h thng cng s
khng t ng ly knh cho truyn t H Ni i Hi Phng c v on Hi Dng - Hi
Phng li c th ang c traffic (on HNI - HDG c th ang rng mt phn dung lng
song an HDG - HPG li ang y).
a truy nhp l phng thc m mng s dng phn bit cc thu bao khc nhau ang
truy nhp yu cu dch v vin thng. Vi mng in thoi c nh, mng (tng i)
phn bit cc thu bao (vo lc truy nhp th l ngi s dng/user) nh cc i dy ti cc
my l, gi l phng thc truy nhp bng cp.TDMA l phng thc m mng phn bit
ngi s dng theo thi gian. Mng phn bit gia cc users khc nhau ang truy nhp
mng yu cu dch v thng qua TS c n nh tm thi cho cc users. Mt khi ngi
s dng chm dt phin lin lc ca mnh th ti nguyn (TS) s c gii phng tr li cho
mng c th n nh cho ngi s dng khc (cho thu bao khc ang c gng truy nhp

mng yu cu dch v). Cng xin lu lun vi cc bn v s khc bit gia cc khi
nim thu bao (subscriber) v khi nim ngi s dng (user), ci m theo kinh nghim ca
ti, cc SV, v thm ch nhiu thy dy vin thng ta, cn rt m m, d nhm ln. Trong
ghp knh khng c khi nim thu bao m ch c user (cn phn bit r khi nim thu
bao v khi nim ngi/t chc thu leased line).
Vi cc h thng thng tin di ng th a truy nhp l phn access t cc thu bao ti mng
m i din y l BTS (phn mng truy nhp - access network), cn t nt mng BTS ti
cc nt khc trong mng (BSC hay MSC) th knh c t chc bng ghp knh (phn
mng/h thng truyn dn - transmission network/system). Th d, vi h thngGSM
th TDMA thuc phn t MS ti BS cn TDM thuc phn t BS v mng (v MSC). Trn tuyn
t cc BS v MSC trong h thng GSM, gi nh t chc truyn dn theo cu hnh chain, d
lung E1 t BS ny v BSC c rng (do trong cell m BS qun l ang khng c
mt MS no lin lc) th t mt BS xa hn v BSCngang qua BS cng khng th chim
lung E1 truyn tin cho mnh nu khng config li h thng truyn dn.
Cu tr li tng t cho phn bit FDM vs. FDMA hay CDM vs. CDMA (tuy nhin t nghe ni
n CDM)