CHAPTER 2 PART 1

Team #1
Barbara
Daniela
Alvear
Hernandez
#1: slides
2-3
Rolando
Cano Valdes
#2: slides
4-5
Valeria
Casso Chapa
#3: slides
6-7
Gerardo
Jose Castillo
#4: slides
8-9

WHAT COMPUTERS DO
Receive input: they accept
information from the outside world
Process information: perform
arithmetic or logical operations on
information
Produce output: computers
communicate information to the outside
world
Store information : computers store
and retrieve information from memories
or storage devices


W H AT CO MP UT ERS DO (C O N T.)

Input devices accept input from the outside world.

Input devices most common are keyboard and
pointing devices like mouse and touch pads.
Output devices send information to the outside
world. Examples of output devices are video
monitors, printers to produce paper printouts, and
speakers to output sounds
A microprocessor (also called the processor or
central processing unit, CPU) processes information,
preforms arithmetic calculations, and makes basic
decisions by comparing information values
A memory, also called primary storage, stores
programs and data that need to be instantly
accessible to the CPU
Storage devices, also called secondary storage,
serve as long-term repositories for data and

A BIT ABOUT BITS

Information: communication that has value because

it informs.
the term information has many defi nitions, it deals
with computers, magazines, television and other
sources, most of the people said that is something
that has a value, something to communicate; words,
numbers, and are symbols used to represent
information.
Other people said that to know exactly is you have
information is that make sense, if the information
that you have doesn't make sense is not a
information.

BIT BASICS
Computers information is digital, made up discrete,
with countable units, digits (so it can be subdivided)
in many situations the information is subdivided so it
can be used effi ciently. Computers doesnt
understand words, numbers, or pictures like a person
does but a computer can process a bit, binary digit,
which is used as values for 0 and 1; it is also used as
lanterns to communicate diff erent messages (256)
A bit is a binary digit
A bite is 8 bits

BITS AS NUMBERS
Computers are built from switching devices
that reduces information from 0s and 1s, they
represent numbers by using the binary
number system. This system denotes all
numbers with combinations of two digits.
People with early computers had to use the
binary arithmetic, nowadays computers have
soft wares that converts decimal numbers
into binary numbers.

BITS AS CODES
To make words, sentences, and paragraphs fi t
into the computers binary-only circuitry,
programmers made codes to represent each
letter, digit, and special character as a unique
string of bits. The ASCII is the most widely used
code, it represents each character as a unique
8-bit code. ASCII cant accommodate Chinese,
Greek, Japanese, etc, so they created the
Unicode, a coding sheme that supports more
than 100,00 unique characters. Today a group of
bits can also represent sounds, colors or about
any other kind of information that we need.

THE WORLDS LANGUAGES

The ASCII( abbreviation for American Standard Code for
Information Interchange, pronounced as-kee)it uses 256
unique ordered patterns can be made, enough to make
unique codes od 26 letters.

The unicode is a coding scheme that facilitate multilingual

computing, it support more than 100,00 unique characters,
more than enough for all major languages.

BITS, BYTES, AND BUZZWORDS

B yt e: A log i cal gro up of 8 b it s al so re ferred to as a n o cte t.
K ilo byte: Abo ut 1,0 00 bytes of in form at io n.
Meg abyte : App ro xi m at ely 1 ,0 00K B or 1 m i l l i on byte s.

G ig ab yt e: Ap proxi m at el y 1,0 00 MB , o r 1 bi l l i on byte s.

Terab yte : App roxi m ate l y 1 m i l l i on MB o r 1 tri l l i on bytes.

P et abyte : Thi s a strono m ic al val u e i s the eq ui val e nt o f 1 ,02 4 t erab yte s or 1

q ua drillion byte s.

File: is an orga ni zed co ll ec ti on of in form a ti on, such as a te rm pa pe r o r a

se t o f na m es an d a ddresse s
Meg abits : For th e c onf usi on , pe op l e u se th ese rath er th an m eg ab yte s.