Bi tp ny c ti trn mng, cc em c th lm thm hiu v matlab

BI TP THC HNH MATLAB C BN

1. Lm quen Matlab
1.1 Tnh bng tay cc biu thc sau, ri th li bng Matlab:
a. 2 / 2 * 3=3
b. 6 4/ 2 + 7 ^ 2 1=52
c. 10 / 2 \ 10 3 + 2 * 4=7
d. 3 ^ 2 / 6=1.5
e. 3 ^ 2 ^ 2=81
f. 2 + round(6 / 9 + 3 * 2) / 2 3=2.5
g. 2 + floor(6 / 9 + 3 * 2) / 2 3=2
h. 2 + ceil(6 / 9 + 3 * 2) / 2 3=2.5
k. fix(4/9)+fix(3*(5/6))=2
1.2 D on kt qu xut ra mn hnh:
a. 2 ; 4=4
b. 2 / 4=0.5
c. 2 \ 4=2
d. 2 , 4
ans =

ans =

e. 2:4:16
ans =

10

14

1.3 Cho x = 2, y = 3. D on ln lt cc kt qu tip theo:

z=x
=2
y = y +z
=5
x = y + x z =5
x+yz
=8
1.4 Gii phng trnh bc hai sau bng cch thc hin tng bc, sau kim tra vi hm trong
Matlab
1. x 2 3 x 2 =0;

a=1 b=-3 c=2

b 2 4ac 1

x1 =1 , x2 =2

Kim Tra : roots([1 -3 2]) = 2 1

2.

x 2 x 2 =0

A=1 b=-1 c=2

b 2 4ac 7

x1= 0.5000 + 1.3229i , x2= 0.5000 - 1.3229i

Kim Tra : roots([1 -1 2]) =0.5000 + 1.3229i , 0.5000 - 1.3229i

1.5 To mt s ngu nhin c gi tr t 0 n 1 >> a=rand
To mt s ngu nhin c gi tr t 0 n 100 >> b=100*rand

To mt s ngu nhin c gi tr t n n m (n<m) ( n,m nhp vo)

Ghi M-file nh sau :

n=input(nhap n : )
m=input(nhap m : )
c=n+(m-n)*rand

1.6 Gii cc phng trnh sau

x3 3x 1 0

>>Roots([1 0 -3 1])
ans =
-1.8794
1.5321
0.3473

3 x 4 3x 2 x 1 0

>>Roots([3 0 -3 1 -1])
ans =
-1.2229
1.0000
0.1114 + 0.5101i
0.1114 - 0.5101i

1.7 Cho a =-36, b =15. Tnh bng tay cc biu thc sau, ri th li bng Matlab
a. mod(a,b)=9 chia ly d // MOD(x,y) is x - n.*y where n = floor(x./y)
b. rem(a,b)=-6 chia ly d // REM(x,y) is x - n.*y where n = fix(x./y)
c. gcd(a,b)= 3 c s chung ln nht
d. lcm(a,b)= !! bi s chung nh nht
>> lcm(a,b)
??? Error using ==> lcm
Input arguments must contain positive integers. (a b phi cng l s dng )

2. Vector
2.1 To mt vector cha cc s nguyn t 31 n 75. >>A=31:75
To mt vector c 10 phn t c gi tr nguyn c ly ngu nhin trong khong [0, 100]
>>randint(1,10,[0 100]) // >>A=round(100*rand(1,10))
To mt vector c 10 phn t c gi tr nguyn c ly ngu nhin trong khong [-20 ,10]
>>randint(1,10,[-20 10])

2.2 Cho x = [3 1 5 7 9 2 6] d on kt qu cc dng lnh sau v th li bng Matlab:

a. x(3) =5
b. x(1:7)= 3 1 5 7 9 2 6
c. x(1:end)= 3 1 5 7 9 2 6
d. x(1:end-1) )= 3 1 5 7 9 2
e. x(6:-2:1)= 2 7 1
f. x([1 6 2 1 1]) =3 2 1 3 3
g. sum(x)=33
2.3 Cho x = [2 5 1 6]
a. Cng thm 16 vo tt c cc phn t. >>x+16
b. Cng thm 3 vo cc phn t v tr l.
>> x(1:2:end) = x(1:2:end) + 3
x= 5 5 4 6
c. Ly cn bc 2 tt c cc phn t.

>> sqrt(x)
ans = 2.2361 2.2361 2.0000 2.4495
d. Bnh phng tt c cc phn t.
>> x.*x
ans = 4 25 1 36

2.4 Cho x, y ln lt l cc vector ct. x = [3 2 6 8], y = [4 1 3 5]

a. Ly tng cc phn t ca x cng thm vo tng phn t ca y.
>> sum(x)+y
ans =
23
20
22
24
b. Lu tha mi phn t ca x vi s m tng ng l cc phn t ca y.
>> x(:)=x.^y
x=
81
2
216
32768
c. Chia cc phn t ca y vi cc phn t tng ng ca x. >>y./x
d. Nhn cc phn t ca x vi cc phn t tng ng ca y, t trong vector z. >>z=x.*y
e. Tnh tng cc phn t ca z, gn cho w. >>w=sum(z)=72
f. Tnh x .* y w. >> x.*y-w = -60 ; -70 ; -54 ; -32
g.Tch v hng ca x v y
Lu y: x l ma trn chuyn v ca x
2.5 To cc vector x sau
a. [2, 4, 6, 8, ..2n]
n=input('Nhap n :')
x=2:2:2*n
b. [10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0, -2, -4.........-2n]
n=input('Nhap n :')
x=10:-2:-2*n
c. [1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, ..1/n]
n=input('Nhap n :')
format rat
x=1./(1:n)
d. [0, 1/2 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, ....(n-1)/n]
n=input('Nhap n :')
format rat
x=((1:n)-1)./(1:n)
Lu y: nhp vo gi tr n
2.6 To vector x vi cc phn t l xn = (-1)n+1/(2n - 1). Tnh tng 100 phn t u tin ca x.
n=input('Nhap n :')
format rat

x =((-1).^((1:n)+1))./((2.*(1:n) - 1))
n=100
>> sum(x)
ans = 1529/1953

3. Ma trn
3.1 Cho x = [1 4 8], y = [2 1 5] v A = [3 1 6 ; 5 2 7]
gii thch; ri th li bng Matlab :
a. x + y = 3
5
13
b. x + A = ??? Error using ==> +

Xt xem dng lnh no hp l, d on kt qu,

Matrix dimensions must agree.

c. x + y = Matrix dimensions must agree
d. A [x y] = Matrix dimensions must agree
e. [x ; y] All rows in the bracketed expression must have the same number of columns.
f. [x ; y]
1

g. A 3
0

-2

-1

3.2 Cho A = [2 7 9 7 ; 3 1 5 6 ; 8 1 2 5], d on kt qu, gii thch; ri th li bng Matlab:

a. A=
2

b. A(:,[1 4])
ans =
2

8
5
c. A([2 3], [3 1])
ans =
5

2
8
d. reshape(A, 2, 6)
ans =
e. A(:) =
2
3
8
7
1
1
9
5

2
7
6
5

f. flipud(A)
ans =
8

g. fliplr(A)
ans =

h. [A; A(end,:)]
ans =
2

i. A(1:3,:)
ans =

j. [A; A(1:2, :)]

ans =
2

k. sum(A) ans =
l. sum(A) ans =
m. sum(A, 2)

13
25

9
15

16
16

18

ans =
25
15
16
n. [ [ A ; sum(A) ] [ sum(A,2) ; sum(A(:)) ] ]
ans =
2

25

15

16

13

16

18

56

3.3 Cho ma trn A = [2 4 1 ; 6 7 2 ; 3 5 9], vit lnh Matlab

a. Gn cho vector x l dng th nht ca A. >>x=A(1,:)
b. Gn cho ma trn y l hai dng cn li (cui) ca A. >>y=A(end-1:end,:)
c. Tnh tng theo dng ma trn A. >>sum(A,2)

d. Tnh tng theo ct ma trn A. >>sum(A,1)

e. Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca ma trn. >>max(A) , min(A)
f. Tnh tng cc phn t ca A >>sum(A(:))
3.4 Hy to ra ma trn 4x4 c gi tr nguyn nm trong khong [-10,10] , Sau :
A=randint(4,4,[-10,10])
a. Cng mi phn t ca ma trn cho 15
>> A+15
b. Bnh phng mi phn t ca ma trn
>> A.*A // >> A.^2
c. Cng thm 10 vo cc phn t dng 1 v dng 2
>>A([1 2],:)=A([1 2],:)+10
d. Cng thm 10 vo cc phn t ct 1 v ct 4
>> A(:,[1 4])=A (:,[1 4])+10
3.5 Cho vect x=[2 4 1 6], y=[5 9 1 0]. Hy to ra ma trn
a. 4x6 ton l s 0,b. 4x5 ton l s 1, ma trn n v 5x5
>> zeros(4,6)
>> ones(4,5)
>> eye(5,5)
b. B c tnh cht: dng 1 v 4 c gi tr l vect x, dng 2 v 3 c gi tr l vect y
>> B=[x;y;y;x]
c. C c tnh cht: ct 1 v 3 c gi tr l vect x, ct 2 v 4 c gi tr l vect y
>> C=[x y x y]
3.6 Cho A = [2 7 9 7 ; 3 1 5 6 ; 8 1 2 5; 1 2 3 5], vit lnh Matlab
a. Gn cho ma trn B l cc ct v tr chn
>> B=A(:,2:2:end)
b. Gn cho ma trn C l cc dng v tr l
>> C=A(1:2:end,:)
c. Gn li A thnh chuyn v ca n
>>A=A
d. Tnh nghch o mi phn t ca A
>> 1./A
e. Ly cn bc hai mi phn t ca A
>> sqrt(A)

4. V th
4.1 V th hm s x, x3, ex v e^(x2) vi 0 < x < 4
>> plot(x,x)

>> plot(x,x.^3)

>> plot(x,exp(x.^2))

4.2 V th hm s f(x) = sin(1/x) vi 0.01 < x < 0.1.

>> plot(x,sin(1./x))

Ko c ./ s bo Matrix dimensions must agree.

4.3 V hai hm y x 2 v y s in3x trn cng mt th, ghi ch thch

>> plot(x,x.^2)
>> hold on
>> plot(x,sin(3.*x))
4.4 V hm s y x 3 3 x 1 s dng hm plot v fplot
>> x=-3:1:3; plot(x, x.^3-3.*x+1)
>> f=inline('x.^3-3.*x+1');fplot(f,[-3 3])

5. Biu thc logic

5.1 Cho x = [1 5 2 8 9 0 1] ,y = [5 2 2 6 0 0 2] gii thch kt qu cc dng lnh sau:
x =
1
5
2
8
9
0
1
y =

=
=
=

0
0
0

1
1
0

0
0
1

1
1
0

1
1
0

0
0
1

0
0
0

1
1
1
1
1
0
0

0
0
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
0
0

0
0
1
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
0
0
1
1

1
1
0
0
0
0
0

1
1
1
1
1
0
0

a. x > y
b. y < x
c. x == y

d. x <= y
=
e. y >= x
=
f. x | y
=
g. x & y
=
h. x & (-y) =
i. (x > y) | (y < x)
j. (x > y) & (y < x)

5.2 Cho x = 1:10 v y = [3 1 5 6 8 2 9 4 7 0], d on kt qu, gii thch v th li bng Matlab:

a. (x > 3) & (x < 8) = 0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
b. x(x > 5)
= 6
7
c. y(x <= 4)
= 3
1
d. x( (x < 2) | (x >= 8) ) = 1
8
e. y( (x < 2) | (x >= 8) ) = 3
4
f. x(y < 0) = Empty matrix: 1-by-0

8
5

9
6
9
7

10
10
0

T BT 5.2 ny, ta c mt k thut trch cc gi tr ca mt vector theo ch s l mt biu thc logic,

hay ni gn hn l ch s logic.
5.3 Cho x = [3 15 9 12 -1 0 -12 9 6 1], vit lnh thc hin:
a. Chuyn cc gi tr dng thnh gi tr 0. >> x(x>0)=0
b. Chuyn cc bi s ca 3 thnh s 3. >> x(mod(x,3)= =0)=3
c. Nhn cc gi tr chn cho 5. >> x(mod(x,2)= =0)=x(mod(x,2)= =0)*5
d. Gn cho vector y cc gi tr ln hn 10 ca x. >> y=x(x>10)
e. Chuyn cc gi tr nh hn trung bnh cng thnh gi tr 0. >> x(x<mean(x))=0
5.4 To vector x = randperm(35) Vit cc lnh tnh gi tr hm sau s dng ch s logic:
y(x) = 2
nu
x<6
y(x) = x - 4 nu 6 <= x < 20
y(x) = 36 - x nu 20 <= x <= 35
>> y(x<6)=2
>> y((x>=6)&(x<20))=x((x>=6)&(x<20))-4
>> y((x>=20)&(x<=35))=36-x((x>=20)&(x<=35))

6. Cu lnh if
D on kt qu v th li bng Matlab:
6.1

if n > 1
m = n+1
else
m=n1
end

6.2 if z < 5
w = 2*z
elseif z < 10
w=9-z
elseif z < 100
w = sqrt(z)

a. n = 7 m = ? = 8
b. n = 0 m = ? = -1
c. n = -10 m = ? = -11

a. z = 1 w = ? =2
b. z = 9 w = ? = 0
c. z = 60 w = ? = 1921/248
d. z = 200 w = ? = 200

else
w=z
end
6.3 if T < 30
h = 2*T + 1
elseif T < 10
h=T2
else
h=0
end

a. T = 50 h = 0
b. T = 15 h = 31
c. T = 0 h = 1

6.4 if 0 < x < 10

y = 4*x
elseif 10 < x < 40
y = 10*x
else
y = 500
end

a. x = -1
b. x = 5
c. x = 30
d. x = 100

y = 500
y = 20
y = 300
y = 500

Vit cc script tnh cc hm sau:

6.5 h(T) = T - 10
khi 0 < T < 100
= 0.45 T + 900 khi T > 100
if (T>0)&(T<100)
h=T-10
elseif T>100
h=0.45*T+900
end
Th cc trng hp: a. T = 5. >h= -5
b. T = 110 >h= 1899/2
6.6 f(x) = -1
=0
=1

nu x < 0
nu x = 0
nu x > 0

if x>0
f=1
elseif x=0
f=0
else
f=-1
end
So snh vi hm sign ca MATLAB.
6.7 t(y) = 200
= 200 + 0.1 (y - 10,000)
= 1,200 + 0.15 (y - 20,000)
= 5,700 + 0.25 (y - 50,000)
if y<=10000
t=200
elseif (y>10000)&(y<=20000)
t=200 + 0.1*(y - 10000)
elseif (y>20000)&(y<=50000)
t=1200 + 0.15*(y - 20000)

khi y <= 10,000

khi 10,000 < y <= 20,000
khi 20,000 < y <= 50,000
khi 50,000 < y

elseif y>50000
t=5700 + 0.25*(y - 50000)
end
Th cc trng hp: a. y = 5,000
b. y = 17,000
c. y = 25,000
d. y = 75,000

t=200
t=900
t=1950
t=11950

7. Vng lp
7.1 Cho vector x = [1 8 3 9 0 1], vit cc dng lnh
a. Tnh tng tt c cc phn t. (So snh kt qu vi lnh sum.)
s=0;
n=size(x,1)*size(x,2);
for i=1:n
s=s+x(i);
end
s
Kt qu s=22
Ging hm sum(x)=22
b. Vit hm tnh tng dy con t 1 n j. (So snh kt qu vi lnh cumsum.)
n=size(x,2)
if n<=1
x
else
for j=2:n
x(:,j)=x(:,j)+x(:,j-1);
end
KQ=x
end
x=
1

11

>> cumsum(x,2)
ans =
1

10

15

16

17

Run scripts :
KQ =

10

15

16

17

Vy kt qu ging nhau
7.2 To ma trn M x N cc s ngu nhin (dng lnh rand). Chuyn cc gi tr nh hn 0.2 thnh 0,
cc gi tr ln hn hay bng 0.2 thnh 1.
M=input('nhap M: ')
N=input('nhap N: ')
X=rand(M,N)
X(X<0.2)=0;
X(X>=0.2)=1
////////
M=input('nhap M: ')
N=input('nhap N: ')
for i=1:M
for j=1:N
X(i,j)=rand
end
end
X(X<0.2)=0;
X(X>=0.2)=1;
X
7.3 Cho x = [4 1 6] , y = [6 2 7] tnh cc mng/vector/ma trn sau
a. aij = xiyj
x = [4 1 6] , y = [6 2 7]
for i=1:3
for j=1:3
a(i,j)=x(i)*y(j);
end
end
a
b. bij = xi/yj
x = [4 1 6] , y = [6 2 7]
for i=1:3
for j=1:3
b(i,j)=x(i)/y(j);
end
end
b

c. ci = xiyi, tnh tng cc phn t ca c.

x = [4 1 6] , y = [6 2 7]
for i=1:3
c(i)=x(i)*y(i);
end
sum(c)
d. dij = xi/(2 + xi + yj)
x = [4 1 6] , y = [6 2 7]
for i=1:3
for j=1:3
d(i,j)=x(i)/(2+x(i)+y(j));
end
end
d
7.4 Vit script tnh trong mt vector cc s ngu nhin (s dng lnh rand):
a. C bao nhiu phn t ng trc mt phn t u tin c gi tr nm trong khong 0.8 n 0.85.
x=rand(1,10);
n=1;
while (x(n)<0.8)|(x(n)>0.85)
n=n+1;
if n>10
break
end
end
if n>10
disp('Vo nghiem')
else
ketqua=n-1
end
b. C bao nhiu phn t trong khong [0.1, 0.4] ng trc phn t u tin c gi tr ln hn trung
bnh ca vector . (D on kt qu trc khi thc thi lnh.)
x=rand(1,10)
n=1;
x
TrungBinh=mean(x)
while x(n)<=mean(x)
n=n+1;
end
strcat('so thu : ',num2str(n),' la so dau tien co gia tri lon hon trung binh')
if n==1
disp('Ko co so nao thuoc khoang [0.1 0.4] truoc gia tri dau tien lon hon trung binh')

else
y= x((x(1:n-1)>=0.1)&(x(1:n-1)<=0.4));
if isempty(y)==1
disp('Ko co so nao thuoc khoang [0.1 0.4] truoc gia tri dau tien lon hon trung binh')
else
strcat('co :',num2str(length(y)),' so thuoc khoang [0.1 0.4] truoc gia tri dau tien lon hon trung binh')
end
end
7.5 Vit mt script yu cu nhp mt nhit Fahrenheit ri chuyn sang Celcius tng ng. Script
vn chy n khi khng nhp nhit na th thi. [S dng hm isempty.]
F=input('Nhap vao nhiet do Fahrenheit : ')
while isempty(F)==0
C=(F-32)*5/9
format rat
F=input('Nhap vao nhiet do Fahrenheit : ')
end
7.6 Vit mt script yu cu: Nhp lin tc cc s, dng li khi nhp 0, v xut ra trung bnh cng ca
cc s dng v trung bnh cng ca cc s m ca dy s ni trn
s=[]
x=input('Nhap vao mot so: ')
while x~=0
s=[s x];
x=input('Nhap vao mot so: ')
end
daysoduong=s(s>0)
Tbd=mean(daysoduong)
daysoam=s(s<0)
Tba=mean(daysoam)
7.7 Cn c tng s 50 t 3 loi bc 1, 2 v 5 ng. Vit on cript tm tt c cc phng n c th.
s=[]
for i=0:50
for k=0:25
for h=0:10
if (i+k*2+h*5)==50
s=[s;i k h]
end
end
end
end
ax by c
y phi nhp a,b,c,d,e,f
dx ey f

7.8 Gii h phng trnh

a=input('nhap a: ')

b=input('nhap b: ')
c=input('nhap c: ')
d=input('nhap d: ')
e=input('nhap e: ')
f=input('nhap f: ')
ngiem=[a b;d e]\[c;f]
7.9 Vit script cho php nhp vo a, b, c. Sau gii phng trnh bc hai ax 2 bx c 0
a=input('nhap a: ')
b=input('nhap b: ')
c=input('nhap c: ')
Delta=b^2-4*a*c;
x1=(-b-sqrt(Delta))/(2*a)
x2=(-b+sqrt(Delta))/(2*a)

8. Lp trnh
8.1 Lp chng trnh tnh n! , Cnk , x n (Khng dng hm ca Matlab)
n=input('Nhap he so giai thua can tinh vao day:');
while n<0|n~=round(n)
disp('Phai nhap mot so nguyen duong')
n=input('Nhap lai he so giai thua can tinh :')
end
if n==0
sprintf('Ket qua %d!=1',n)
else
KQ=1;
for i=1:n
KQ=KQ*i;
end
sprintf('Ket qua %d!=%d',n,KQ)
end
8.2 Vit hm tnh gi tri ln nht v nh nht ca ma trn (Khng s dng hm max va min)
Theo tng phn t
max=x(1);
for i=1:size(x,1)*size(x,2)
if x(i)>max
max=x(i);
end
end
max
Theo ct :
MAX=[];
for j=1:size(x,2)
max=x(1,j);
for i=1:size(x,1)
if x(i,j)>max
max=x(i,j);
end

end
MAX=[MAX max];
end
MAX
Theo hng :
MAX=[];
for i=1:size(x,1)
max=x(i,1);
for j=1:size(x,2)
if x(i,j)>max
max=x(i,j);
end
end
MAX=[MAX ;max];
end
MAX
8.3 Sp xp li 1 vect theo chiu tng dn ca cc phn t
kq=[];
while isempty(x)==0
min=x(1)
n=1
for i=1:size(x,2)
if x(i)<min
min=x(i);
n=i;
end
end
kq=[kq x(n)];
x(n)=[];
end
kq

8.4 Tnh gi tr ca s Pi s dng chui

2 8
1

2
2
16
n 1 (2 n 1) (2 n 1)
Gi tr ca n cn t n bao nhiu chnh xc l 1e-12 ? chnh xc l bao nhiu khi n = 100?
8.5 Dy s Fibonacci c mi quan h sau: Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2, vi F0 = F1 = 1.
a. Tnh 10 s Fibonacci u tin.
n=input('Do lon:');
s=[];
if n==1|n==2
s=1;
else
s=[1 1]
for i=3:n
s= [s (s(i-1)+s(i-2))];
end

end
s
b. Trong 50 s Fibonacci u tin, tnh t l Fn / Fn-1. Nhn xt g cc gi t l ny so vi t l
vng ( (1 + sqrt(5))/2 )=1.6180.
1.0000

1.0000

2.0000

1.5000

1.6667

1.6000

1.6250

1.6154

1.6190

1.6176

1.6182

1.6180

1.6181

1.618 (13) 1.6180

1.6180

1.6180

1.6180

1.6180

1.6180

8.6 a thc Legendre (Pn(x)) c nh ngha qui np nh sau

(n+1) Pn+1(x) - (2n+1) Pn(x) + n Pn-1(x) = 0
Trong P0(x) = 1, P1(x) = x v P2(x) = (3x2 - 1)/2. Tnh 3 a thc Legendre tip theo v v 6 a
thc ny trong khong [-1,1]
8.7 Vit script yu cu nhp mt s t nhin n, ri da vo gi tr ca n thc hin hoi vic chuyn
gi tr:
Trong khi n ln hn 1, thay gi tr ca n bng n/2 nu n chn v nu n l th thay bng (3*n+1).
Tnh chiu di dy lp li.V d: n =10, dy s l 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, do chiu di dy l 6.
n=input('So n:');
s=[];
while n>1
if mod(n,2)==0
n=n/2;
s=[s n] ;
else
n=n*3+1;
s=[s n] ;
end
end
s
V th m t chiu di l dy lp li ng vi cc gi tr ca n t 2 n 30. V d khi n = 10, l = 6; khi
n = 15, l = 17 C nhn xt g
function y=backa(n);
s=[];
while n>1
if mod(n,2)==0
n=n/2;
s=[s n] ;
else
n=n*3+1;
s=[s n] ;
end
end
y=length(s);

end
8.8 Vit hm tnh tch dy con bt u t phn t u tin ca mt vector. Cho vector x, tch dy con
th j bng
pj = (x1)(x2) ... (xj) vi j chy t 1 n chiu di l ca vector x. Vit hm bng 2 cch:
a. S dng vng lp for.
x=[1 2 3 4 5 ;1 1 1 5 2;1 0 1 0 2]
n=size(x,2)
if n<=1
x
else
for j=2:n
x(:,j)=x(:,j).* x(:,j-1);
end
KQ=x
end
8.10 Vit hm sinh ngu nhin ma trn cc s nguyn:
function A = randint(a,b,M,N)
trong a v b l cc chn di v chn trn, cn M v N l kch thc ca ma trn (s dng, s ct).
function A = randint(a,b,M,N)
for i=1:M
for j=1:N
A(i,j)=a+(b-a)*rand;
end
end
a. Th li vi cc dng lnh nh sau:
x = randint(10,17,10,1);
hist(x,10:17)
Nhn xt biu m t.

y chng ta c 10 gi tr x ngu nhin t 10>17

x=
16.6509 11.6180 14.2479 13.4019
16.2391 15.3347 13.1953 10.1295
15.7499 13.1129
Biu miu t c khong bao nhiu x t cc ln cn gi tr 10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17
x = randint(7,-2,10,1);
hist(x,-2:7) (tuy ngc nhng khng sao)
xem li iu kin tham s cho ng.

TUN 2: MA TRN V MNG

M chng trnh MATLAB v thc hin cc bi tp sau trong ca s Command line:
1. Cho x = [3 1 5 7 9 2 6], kt qu cc biu thc sau y l g ?

x(3)=5
x(1:7)=3 1 5 7 9 2 6
x(1:end)= 3 1 5 7 9 2 6
x(1:end-1)= 3 1 5 7 9 2
x(6:-1:1) = 2 7 1
x([1 6 2 1 1])= 3 2 1 3 3
sum(x)= 33

2. Cho ma trn A = [ 2 4 1 ; 6 7 2 ; 3 5 9], vit cu lnh thc hin

Gn hng th 1 ca A cho mt vect tn x1

x1=A(1,:)
Gn 2 hng cui cng ca A cho mt vect tn y
C1: y=A([2 3],:)
C2: y=A([end-1 end],:)
Tnh tng cc ct ca A
sum(A,1) // sum(A)
Tnh tng cc hng A
sum(A,2)

e)
Ta c
2 4 1
A 6 7 2
3 5 9
>>B=mean(A)
B=
3.6667

5.3333

4.0000

>>C=[B;B;B]
C=
3.6667 5.3333 4.0000
3.6667 5.3333 4.0000
3.6667 5.3333 4.0000
>>E=A-C
E=
-1.6667 -1.3333 -3.0000
2.3333 1.6667 -2.0000
-0.6667 -0.3333 5.0000
>>F=E.*E
F=
2.7778 1.7778 9.0000
5.4444 2.7778 4.0000
0.4444 0.1111 25.0000
>> G=sum(F)
G=

8.6667 4.6667 38.0000

>> H=G/(size(A,1)-1)
H=
4.3333 2.3333 19.0000
>> L=sqrt(H)
L=
2.0817 1.5275 4.3589 .

(Sample Standard Deviation)

>>e= L/sqrt(size(A,1))
=
1.2019

0.8819

2.5166

Hoc ch cn g

N = size(A,1), e = std(A)/sqrt(N)
e=
1.2019

0.8819

2.5166

C php std(X,0,1) cho ct v std(X,0,2) cho hng vi lch mu tnh bi N-1

C php std(X,1,1) cho ct v std(X,1,2) cho hng vi lch tnh bi N
3. Cho ma trn: C=[6 9 5 1; 8 7 2 3 ; 1 3 4 4 ; 5 2 8 2] , D=[4 8 ; 3 7 ; 2 3; 5 1]
a. To ma trn E1 l 2 ct nm gia ca ma trn C s dng ton t :
E1=C(:,[2 3])
=> E1 =
9
7
3
2

5
2
4
8

b. To ma trn E2 t hng 1 v 2 v ct 2 v 3 ca ma trn C s dng ton t :

E2=
c. To ma trn E3 bng cch ghp 2 ma trn E1 v D vi nhau. d. Tm tch C24 v D12.
E3=[E1 D]
B=C(2,4)*D(1,2)=24
4. Cho cc vect x = [1 4 8], y = [2 1 5] v A = [3 1 6 ; 5 2 7], xc nh
biu thc no sau y vit ng v cho kt qu hp l. Nu khng ng, gii thch v sao ? S dng lnh
whos c th c ch trong bi ny.
a. x + y >ng
>>x+y
ans =
3 5 13
b. x + A >
Sai v hai ma trn khc kch c
??? Error using ==> +
Matrix dimensions must agree.
c. x' + y >
Sai v hai ma trn khc kch c
??? Error using ==> +
Matrix dimensions must agree.
d. A - [x' y'] > Sai v hai ma trn khc kch c
??? Error using ==> Matrix dimensions must agree
e. [x ; y'] >
Sai v hai ma trn khc kch c
??? Error using ==> vertcat
All rows in the bracketed expression must have the same

 number of columns.
f. [x ; y] > ng
ans =
1 4 8
2 1 5
g. A - 3 > ng
ans =
0 -2 3
2 -1 4
5. Cho ma trn A = [2 7 9 7 ; 3 1 5 6 ; 8 1 2 5], gii thch kt qu cc lnh sau:
a. reshape(A,2,6)
ans =
2 8 1 9
3 7 1 5

2
7

6
5

Nu
>> reshape(A,2,9) s li
??? Error using ==> reshape
To RESHAPE the number of elements must not change.
b. [ [ A ; sum(A) ] [ sum(A,2) ; sum(A(:)) ] ]
>>[ [ A ; sum(A) ]
ans =
2 7 9 7
3 1 5 6
8 1 2 5
13 9 16 18
Nu c sai st s bo
??? Error using ==> vertcat
All rows in the bracketed expression must have the same
number of columns
>> [ sum(A,2) ; sum(A(:)) ]
ans =
25
15
16
56
>>X= [ [ A ; sum(A) ] [ sum(A,2) ; sum(A(:)) ] ]
X=
2
3
8
13

7
1
1
9

9 7 25
5 6 15
2 5 16
16 18 56

Nu c sai st s bo
??? Error using ==> vertcat
All rows in the bracketed expression must have the same
number of rows

6. Cho ma trn A = [2 7 9 7 ; 3 1 5 6 ; 8 1 2 5], vit lnh thc hin

a. Gn cc ct l ca A cho ma trn B
>> B=A(:,1:2:end)
B=
2 9
3 5
8 2
b. Gn cc ct chn ca A cho ma trn C
>> C=A(:,2:2:end)

C=
7 7
1 6
1 5
c. chuyn A thnh ma trn 4 hng 3 ct
>> reshape(A,4,3)
ans =
2 1 2
3 1 7
8 9 6
7 5 5
d. Tm ma trn vi cc phn t gi tr nghch o ca mi phn t trong A
>> B=1./A
B=
0.0826 0.1575 0.0461
0.1976 0.3745 0.0695
-0.2994 -0.1266 0.1083
e. Tnh ma trn vi cc phn t cn bc 2 ca mi phn t trong A
>> C=sqrt(A(:,:))
C=
3.4799
2.5199
4.6583
2.2494
1.6340
3.7921
0 + 1.8276i 0 + 2.8107i
3.0381
8. D on kt qu ca cc cu lnh sau v kim tra li bng Matlab:
a. x = ones(1,10)
ones( hng , ct )
x=

b. y =zeros(5,1)

zeros(hng,ct)

y=
0
0
0
0
0

c. z = linspace(1,4,5)
z=
1.0000 1.7500 2.5000

3.2500

4.0000

d. t = logspace(1,3,4)
t=
10
100
1000

e. u = rand(2,4)
ans =
0.3784
0.8600

9. Cho ma trn A=[12.11 -7.9 9.23; 5.06 6.35 21.7;-3.34 2.67 14.38]
vit lnh Matlab :
a. Tm ln ca gi tr tuyt i tt c cc phn t ca A
>>A=abs(A);
>> log(A)
ans =
2.4940
1.6214

2.0669
1.8485

2.2225
3.0773

0.8537
0.5936

0.4966
0.8998

0.8216
0.6449

1.2060 0.9821 2.6658

b. Tm log c s 10 ca gi tr tuyt i tt c cc phn t ca A
>>A=abs(A(:,:));
>> log10(A(:,:))
ans =
1.0831
0.7042
0.5237

0.8976
0.8028
0.4265

0.9652
1.3365
1.1578

c. Tm sin, cos ca tt c cc phn t ca A.

>> sin(A)
ans =
-0.4407 -0.9989 0.1935
-0.9402 0.0668 0.2871
0.1971 0.4543 0.9707
>> cos(A)
ans =
0.8977 -0.0460 -0.9811
0.3407 0.9978 -0.9579
-0.9804 -0.8908 -0.2405
D1. Lm trn nhng phn t ca A n s nguyn gn nht.
>> round(A)
ans =
12 -8 9
5 6 22
-3 3 14
D2. Lm trn nhng phn t ca A n s nguyn ln hn. Lm trn v dng
>> ceil(A)
ans =
13 -7 10
6 7 22
-3 3 15
D3. Lm trn nhng phn t ca A n s nguyn nh hn. Lm trn v m
>> floor(A)
ans =
12 -8 9
5 6 21
-4 2 14
D4. Lm trn nhng phn t ca A v 0
>> fix(A)
ans =
12 -7 9
5 6 21
-3 2 14
e. xt du nhng phn t ca A
>> sign(A)
ans =
1 -1 1
1 1 1
-1 1 1
f. Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca mi ct ca A.
>> max(A)
ans =
12.1100 6.3500 21.7000
>> min(A)

ans =
-3.3400 -7.9000 9.2300
g. Sp xp nhng phn t trong mi ct ca A theo th t tng dn.
>> sort(A)
ans =
-3.3400 -7.9000 9.2300
5.0600 2.6700 14.3800
12.1100 6.3500 21.7000
h. Sp xp nhng phn t trong mi ct ca A theo th t gim dn.
>> B=sort(A)
B=
-3.3400 -7.9000 9.2300
5.0600 2.6700 14.3800
12.1100 6.3500 21.7000
>> A=B(end:-1:1,:)
A=
12.1100 6.3500 21.7000
5.0600 2.6700 14.3800
-3.3400 -7.9000 9.2300

ANSWERS
2. A = [ 2 4 1 ; 6 7 2 ; 3 5 9]
x1 = A(1,:)
y = A(end-1:end,:)
c = sum(A)
d = sum(A,2) or d = sum(A')'
N = size(A,1), e = std(A)/sqrt(N)
5. A
B
C
c
d
e

=
=
=
=
=
=

[2 7 9 7 ; 3 1 5 6 ; 8 1 2 5]
A(:,2:2:end)
A(1:2:end,:)
reshape(A,4,3) or c = A' (they are different but are both 4x3)
1./A , rats(d)
sqrt(A)

6. randn('seed',123456789)
F = randn(5,10);
N = size(F,1)
avg = mean(F)
s = std(F)
tscore = (avg - 0)./(s/sqrt(N))
None were different at 90% LOC (all < 2.132).