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Bone and Joint movement

Bone movements produce associated joint movements

Bone movement (Osteokinematics) and

Associated joint play movements (arthrokinematics)

Joint (Play) Movements

Positions in which looseness or slack in the capsule and
ligaments allows small precise movements of joint play
to occur as a result of internal and external forces.

Accessory movements
Not under voluntary control
Essential for easy and painless performance of active
movement.

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Translation of bone
Linear movement of a bone
along a defined axis in its
respective plane.
All parts of the bone
in a straight line,
distances, in the
direction, and at the
speed.

move
equal
same
same

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Bone movements
Rotatoric (curved) movement

Corresponding joint
movements
Roll-gliding

Standard (anatomical, uniaxial)

Combined (functional, multiaxial)

Translatoric (linear) movement

Translatoric joint play

Longitudinal bone separation

Traction
Longitudinal bone approximation Compression
Gliding
Transverse;
(parallel) bone movement

Traction (Distraction)

Liner Bone movement at right angle to and away from

the treatment plane

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Compression (approximation)
Linear translatoric movement at a right angle to and
toward the treatment plane.
Evaluation technique to differentiate
articular and extra-articular lesions.

between

Gliding
Joint play movement parallel to the treatment plane.
Possible over a short distance in all joints because
curved joint surfaces are not perfectly congruent.
Grade I traction is always performed with a gliding
movement.

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The Kaltenborn Treatment Plane

Passes through the joint
lies at a right angle to a line running from the axis of
rotation in the convex bony partner,
to the deepest aspect of the articulating concave surface.
For practical purposes;
Treatment plane lies on the concave articular surface
Remains with the concave joint surface whether the
moving joint partner is concave or convex.

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Determining the direction of

restricted gliding
1. Glide test (the direct method)
Apply passive gliding movements in all possible directions
Determine restricted joint gliding direction.
Gives most accurate information about degree and nature of a
gliding restriction, including its end-feel.
2. Kaltenborn Convex-Concave Rule (the indirect method)
Determine which bone rotations are decreased
Find out, whether moving joint partner is convex or concave.
Find the direction of decreased joint gliding by applying the
Convex-Concave Rule.