Tæng H NH Dinh Trong Mïa Xu©n To N TH NG: Võ Nguyên Giáp

I TNG V NGUYN GIP
Tng hnh dinh

Trong ma xun ton thng
Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng
i tng V Nguyn Gip
i tng V NGUYN GIP
TNG HNH DINH TRONG MA XUN TON THNG
LI NI U
Thng li hon ton v trn vn ca cuc Tng tin cng v ni dy ma Xun
1975 i vo lch s dn tc ta nh mt mc son chi li.
Vi thng li v i y, qun v dn ta nh thng cuc chin tranh xm lc
ca quc M: kt thc cuc khng chin 30 nm thng hai " quc to", gii
phng dn tc, bo v T quc, thng nht nc nh. y l cuc khng chin lu
di nht, quyt lit nht. oanh lit nht trong lch s chng ngoi xm ca dn tc
Vit Nam.
Thng li y chm dt ch thng tr ca thc dn - quc hn 100 nm trn
t nc ta. T quc Vit Nam bc vo k nguyn mi - k nguyn c lp thng
nht, c nc tin ln ch ngha x hi.
Thng li lch s y bt ngun t ng li cch mng, ng li khng chin
ng n, sng to ca ng v Ch tch H Ch Minh, t tinh thn on kt chin
u. anh dng bt khut ca ton dn, ton qun, gn lin vi s lnh o v iu
hnh trc tip ca B thng soi ti cao: B Chnh tr, Qun u Trung ng: B
Tng t lnh trong qu trnh khng chin.
Ma Xun 1975, ti Tng hnh dinh trong thnh c H Ni, B thng soi ti cao
lm vic khn trng: lin tc, tp trung tr tu, ti nng ra nhng quyt nh, k
hoch chin lc, chin dch, nhng mnh lnh, ch th cho qun v dn c nc
bin cc Ngh quyt ca ng thnh sc mnh chin u v chin thng trn cc
mt trn. Cng ti y, cc c quan ca Tng hnh dinh: B Tng Tham mu,
Tng cc Chnh tr, Tng cc Hu cn, Tng cc K thut pht huy nng lc v
kinh nghim theo chc nng, nhim v, cng vi cc c quan ca ng v Nh
nc gip B thng soi ti cao, gp phn vo thng li chung.
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Nhn k nim 30 nm ngy ton thng (30-4-1975-30-4-2005), cun Tng hnh

dinh trong ma Xun ton thng mun ni ln nhn quan chin lc, s sng sut
v nhy bn, tinh thn quyt on ca B thng soi ti cao, c bit trong nhng
thi c ln, cng nh tinh thn lm vic ton tm, ton , mu tr, sng to ca cc
c quan Tng hnh dinh.
Mong rng nhng trang hi c ny s lm r thm vai tr chin lc c ngha
quyt nh thng li ca B thng soi ti cao trong ma Xun lch s.
TC GI
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Chng 1
TRN IN BIN PH TRN KHNG
H Ni, thng 12-1972.

Nhit xung thp hn mi nm. Ci rt ma ng cng vo ci vng lng ca
ba mi su ph phng va c lnh trit s tn, cng lm cho thi tit
thm gi but.
Cuc m phn gia Vit Nam v Hoa K Paris, th nc Php, ang
bc gay go. Sau nhng thng ro rit vn ng bu c vi tr "ngoi giao con
thoi" v li ha mang li ho bnh, Nchxn li Nh Trng nhim k hai.
Si Gn, ngu quyn Nguyn Vn Thiu run s trc nhng iu khon bt li
cho chng trong tho thun gia ta v M ngy 18-10-1972, phn ng quyt ht
vi ch M.
Cc cuc hp gia cc bn cui thng 11 v u thng 12 khng t kt qu no.
Trong thi gian ny, M cp tc vn chuyn cho Thiu mt khi lng v kh
v phng tin chin tranh bng c mt nm trc .
xoa du Thiu v mc c vi ta, Nchxn tr mt ngang ngc i i sa
i nhiu iu khon trong bn d tho hip nh lc ny tng chng sp c
k kt sau hn ba nm m phn ti Trung tm Hi ngh quc t trn l l
Klebe.
Tt nhin, ta khng chp nhn.
Tnh hnh rt khn trng. my ngy lin, anh Vn Tin Dng v ti thng
v nh mun, c khi li Tng hnh dinh lm vic n tn na m.
Din bin trn mt trn ngoi giao d bo s c nhng din bin mi trn mt
trn qun s. Chng ti ch th cho cc c quan qun bo, tc chin thng
xuyn bo co tnh hnh ch, tnh hnh cc chin trng, v yu cu B Ngoi
giao thng bo kp thi nhng ng thi Hi ngh Paris. Ghi su li dn ca
Bc H u nm 1968 khi Ngi n thm B T lnh Phng khng - Khng
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qun: "Sm mun ri quc M cng a B52 ra nh H Ni, ri c thua n

mi chu thua", hng phn on l M c th mang my bay nm bom chin
lc B52, con ch bi cui cng ra mc c vi ta, nh su vo hu phng
min Bc.
Tri qua tm nm chng chin tranh ph hoi ca M qun v dn ta c nhiu
chin cng v kinh nghim. Nhng vi B52 th cn qu t.
Nh li gia nm 1965. M bt u dng B52 nh ph mt s cn c ca ta
min Nam. Ngy 12-4-1966, ln u tin M dng B52 nh ra min Bc o
M Gi (Qung Bnh), trc ng s 12, ca khu Vit - Lo. Ngay khi , Bc
H trc tip giao nhim v cho anh ng Tnh, Chnh u Qun chng Phng
khng - Khng qun nghin cu cch nh B52. Quyt tm bn ri B52 c
ra t y. Thng 5-1966, Trung on tn la 238 c iu vo Vnh Linh
nghin cu nh B52. Ti y, ngy 17-9-1967, trung on ny bn ri chic
B52 u tin.
T thng 2-1968, Qun u Trung ng d on M c th dng B52 leo thang
nh vo H Ni, Hi Phng v giao nhim v cho B T lnh Qun chng
Phng khng - Khng qun xy dng k hoch tc chin. Sut thi gian sau ,
nhiu on cn b Phng khng - Khng qun cng mt s trung on tn la
v bin i khng qun tim kch c c vo nghin cu cch nh B52 trn
vng tri Qun khu IV. c bit, t thng 5-1972, gy sc p vi ta trn bn
m phn, Nchxn ra lnh m chin dch khng qun Lainbchc (Tin v)
dng B52 trt hng trm ngn tn bom xung tuyn vn chuyn chin lc
Trng Sn hng ngn chn s chi vin mnh m ca min Bc cho min Nam.
y l mt dp ta nghin cu cch nh loi my bay chin lc ny ca M.
Vic nghin cu chun b k hoch nh B52 c trin khai gp rt v cn
bn hon thnh vo u thng 9-1972. Da vo kinh nghim rt ra t thc tin
chin u v nhng hiu bit ngy cng nhiu v v kh, kh ti v th on hot
ng ca ch, ti liu Cch nh B52 sau nhiu ln b sung, hon chnh, gp
phn nng cao cht lng hun luyn chin u ca b i. Cng cn ni thm
rng, mc d s gip ca Lin X v v kh, k thut l qu bu v c hiu
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qu, nhng t nm 1969, bn khng vin tr thm mt qu n tn la no. Cc

b kh ti tn la, raa cng dn dn xung cp. iu i hi cn b, chin s
ta phi ra sc pht huy sng kin, ci tin k thut, nng cao hiu sut chin u
ca v kh, kh ti c trong tay.
Ngy 22-11-1972, Trung on tn la 263 ty Ngh An bn h mt B52.
Chic my bay ri pha ty Nakhomphanom, cch cn c Utapao (Thi Lan)
64km. Hng thng tn M UPI buc phi th nhn tin ny. Tuy khng bn ri
my bay ti ch, nhng l thuyt sng to bc u c thc tin kim
nghim.
Cc bo co ca Cc Qun bo trong giao ban hng ngy B Tng Tham mu
cho thy ch ang ro rit chun b: thnh lp B ch huy hp nht khng qun
chin lc ch huy c cn c Utapao (Thi Lan) v cn c Ancxn (Guam);
tp trung qu na s B52 ca khng qun M vo hai cn c ny; b tr my bay
tip du KC135, my bay trinh st v gy nhiu in t cn c Subch
(Philppin).
Cc Tc chin c lnh trc ban 24 gi trn 24 gi.
Ngy 24-11, anh Vn Tin Dng xung B T lnh qun chng Phng khng Khng qun duyt phng n nh B52 ca lc lng phng khng H Ni, v
ch th chm nht n ngy 3-12 phi hon tt mi cng tc chun b, cc trn
a phng khng ca c ba th qun khn trng trin khai sn sng chin u.
Trong bui giao ban ngy 18-12-1972, Cc 2(2) bo co: Hi 5 gi sng, ta bt
c tin ca ch t sn bay hi: "Trc thng hm nay cp cu u?". Tra
hm y mt my bay RF4C bay qua H Ni bo v cn c: "Thi tit quanh. H
Ni hot ng c". Trn bu tri Khu IV, hot ng ca khng qun ch t
ngt gim xung, c bit khng c tp B52 no. Tt c cc i raa ca mng
cnh gii m my trc ban u khng c nhiu tch cc. y l nhng du hiu
khng bnh thng, ch mt ngy sau khi b i Phng khng - Khng qun
c lnh bc vo trng thi sn sng chin u cao.
Chiu ngy 18-12-1972, chic chuyn c BH-195 (3) a anh L c Th v
nc p xung sn bay Gia Lm lc 16 gi 45 pht. Cng khong thi gian y,
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Nchxn gi cng hm nh mt ti hu th, hn trong 72 gi ta phi tr li bn

m phn theo nhng iu kin ca M.
19 gi 10 pht. Trong phng lm vic ca ti ti Tng hnh dinh, ting chung
in thoi reo vang t mt trong bn chic my c ch u tin s 1.
Ting ni ca ng ch trc ban tc chin nghe rt r:
Bo co th trng, B52 ct cnh t Guam.
Utapao, nhiu tp bay dc sng Mkng ln pha bc.? cc lc lng Phng
khng - Khng qun sn sng, vo cp 1 xong.
My pht sau, ci bo ng r tng hi.
19 gi 45 pht. C ting bom n pha xa xa. B T lnh Phng khng - Khng
qun bo co: My bay ch ang nh ph sn bay Ho Lc. Tip theo ,
nhiu tp B52 vo nh cc sn bay Ni Bi, Gia Lm. Ting m kh v nng
ca ng c my bay B52 mi lc mt r dn. Nhng vng la lo ln, chp
git lin hi. Theo sau l nhng trng ting n long tri. Rng la Thng Long
ni nhau bay vt ln khng trung, an nhng vt sng mu da cam gia mn
m H Ni.
C quan Tng hnh dinh lm vic hi h.
Ti yu cu B Tng tham m c 5 pht bo co mt ln.
Cc 2 bo co: Nchxn ra lnh bt u chin dch Lainbchc II, dng my
bay chin lc B52 t cc cn c M Thi Lan, Guam, Philppin tin cng H
Ni, trong khi cc my bay cng kch F111 tin cng cc sn bay gn .
Chin dch ny c Nchxn, Ktxinhgi v tng Hy (Haig) bn bc,
quyt nh ti phng bu dc Nh Trng ngy 14-12. thc hin k hoch
ny, B ch huy S on khng qun chin lc lm thi s 57 c thnh lp.
50 my bay KC-135 tip du cho B52 c iu thm sang Philppin. Trn
vnh Bc B, nm tu sn bay ang hot ng, cc Tc chin khn trng nm
tnh hnh, lin tip chuyn lnh cho B T lnh Phng khng - Khng qun.
20 gi 20 pht. Chung in thoi hi. u dy bn kia l ng ch Nguyn
Quang Bch, Ph T lnh Phng khng - Khng qun:
- Bo co i tng, hi 20 gi 16 pht, Tiu on 59, Trung on tn la 261
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b i phng khng H Ni bn ri ti ch mt chic B52.

Ti hi:
- C ng B52 khng?
- Bo co, ng l B52.
Mt, lt sau, ng ch Nguyn Quang Bch bo co c th: y l chic B52G
ct cnh t Guam. N ri xung x Ph L, huyn ng Anh, ngoi thnh H
Ni.
Tin chin thng x toang bu khng kh cng thng.
Tng hnh dinh no nc trong mm vui c thy "con ngoo p" B52 khng
cn l "bt kh xm phm" trc nhng con "rng la Thng Long".
Ti bc ra ngoi S ch huy. Tri rt m v ma bi. Nhng lng ti m p l
thng.
Trong m 18 rng ngy 19-12, ch s dng B52 cng khng qun chin thut
lin tip ht t ny n t khc nh ph ng Anh. Yn Vin. M Tr, Gia
Lm, Ho Mc. Th chm trong khi la.
4 gi 39 pht sng ngy 19-12, Tiu on 77, Trung on tn la 267 bn ri
chic B52 th hai. My bay ri ti ch trn cnh ng x Tn Hng, huyn
Thanh Oai, tnh H Ty.
Mt s trng hp lch s: H Ni li ni la dit th ng vo ngy Th
vng ln khng chin, ngy 19-12-1946, hai mi su nm sau.
Nh li thng 9-1971, B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng nhn nh: Nm
1972, hoc l ch s rt nu t c gii php; nu cha, ch c th tp trung
khng qun nh ph. Ta cn c bin php phng. Ngay ngy hm sau, nhn
danh B th Qun u Trung ng, ti ch th cho cc ng b trong ton qun:
"B52 khng ch nh min Nam. n mc no , cng c th nh vo
Th H Ni. Qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun phi nghin cu k i
tng ny". B i cao x, raa, tn la v khng qun c lnh trin khai
hun luyn chin u theo cc phng n c kt lun. Mt s trn a tn
la, trn a c ng cho pho cao x v sn bay d chin c b mt xy dng.
Dn qun, t v H Ni v mt s thnh ph c b sung ho lc bn my bay.
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Cng tc bo m quan st, thng tin c tng cng.

Ngy 25-11-1972, trong Ch th: Tng cng sn sng chin u, Qun u
Trung ng cng nhc li: "Sp ti, ch c th nm bom bn ph tr li cc
mc tiu ngoi v tuyn 20 vi mc c lit hn trc. Chng c th liu lnh
dng my bay B52 nh ph cc trng im H Ni, Hi Phng".
Ngy 27-11, B Tng t lnh nhn nh c nhiu kh nng ch dng B52 nh
vo H Ni v ra lnh cho cc lc lng v trang tng cng chun b chin
u. Trong bc in gi Trung ng Cc min Nam v B T lnh B2(4), Qun
u Trung ng cng thng bo d kin kh nng ny. Mc d vy, do qun
trit quyt tm cha tt, suy ngh lc ny vn nng v kh nng ch dng B52
nh ph t Thanh Ho tr vo n Qung Tr, nn u thng 12 c lnh iu
mt Trung on tn la vo Khu IV, tip li iu thm hng trm qu n tn
la ca phng khng H Ni vo theo.
***
Sng 19-12, khi khi la cn cha tan ht, B Chnh tr hp ti Tng hnh dinh
nghe B Tng Tham mu bo co din bin trn nh B52 trong m u tin,
khen ngi chin cng ca cc lc lng phng khng v ch th kin quyt p
tan hnh ng qun s in cung, phiu lu mi ca quc M.
Bui chiu, ti Cu lc b quc t H Ni, trc ng o phng vin bo ch
trong nc v nc ngoi, ngi pht ngn ca B Quc phng cng b nhng
hnh ng ti c ca ch m 18-12 v kt qu tiu dit B52 ca qun v dn
ta. Su t binh M va b bt ci u th nhn ni kinh hong ca chng trc
li la dy c ca lc lng phng khng H Ni.
m 19-12, qun ta chin u hiu sut thp, mc d ch cho xut kch 87
ln chic B52, ch km m hm trc ba ln chic. Nguyn nhn do cha thc
hin ng hng dn ca qun chng, li lo thiu n nn ch bn tng qu mt.
Th on ca ch l cho B52 tp kch vo ban m v bay cao 11km nhm
trnh ho lc ca cc loi pho cao x. Ngy cng nh m, ch tp trung my
bay tim kch v cng kch cng vi cc bin php gy nhiu tch cc v tiu
cc ch p, nh ph cc sn bay v trn a tn la, hy vng s loi tr hon
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ton s uy hip ca hai lc lng ch yu c th nh c B52 l tn la

phng khng v my bay tim kch ca ta.
Anh Vn Tin Dng xung hp vi B T lnh qun chng Phng khng Khng qun, ch th phi pht huy sc mnh ca cc binh chng, tch cc to
iu kn cho khng qun ta nh B52, pht huy hiu sut chin u ca b i
pho phng khng nh ch tm thp. Anh cn ch o c th cc mt bo
m chin u nh lin tc, di ngy.
Di s ch o ca B T lnh qun chng, cc tiu on tn la kp thi rt
kinh nghim, tm ra cch nh c hiu qu nht theo s trng, s on tng
n v.
Kt qu m 20 rng ngy 21-12-1972, b i tn la lp cng xut sc,
phng 35 qu n bn ri by B52, c nm chic ri ti ch. Cc lc lng
phng khng ba th qun ca H Ni. Hi Phng, Bc Thi cng hip ng cht
ch, bn ri by my bay chin thut v mt my bay khng ngi li.
n tin cng trong m th ba ca chin dch Lainbchc II b tht bi
nng n. Tinh thn ca phi cng B52 suy sp nghim trng. Ngy 21-12, ti ch
th cho qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun: Thng li ca chng ta l rt
ln, cn c gng pht huy chin thng hn na. ch s tp trung nh cc trn
a tn la. Phi tm mi cch bo v tn la tip tc tiu dit B52. Ch bo
m n tn la nh c lin tc C gng pht huy tc dng ca khng
qun nhm B52 m nh. Ti cng trc tip gi in xung cc s on biu
dng: b i phng khng H Ni va qua nh tt. Ti ni: "C nc ang
hng v H Ni. Ton th gii ang hng v H Ni. Tng gi tng pht. B
Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng theo di cuc chin u ca H Ni. Vn
mnh ca T quc ang nm trong tay cc chin s phng khng bo v H
Ni".
Sng 21-12-1972, Chnh ph Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ho ra tuyn b ln n
mnh m hnh ng chin tranh in r ca chnh quyn Nchxn. Sau khi nhc
li lp trng trc sau nh mt ca Vit Nam, bn tuyn b vit: "Nhn dn ta
rt thit tha vi ho bnh, nhng phi l ho bnh trong c lp t do tht s.
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Chng ta c y thin ch, ng thi c y quyt tm v lc lng bo

v cc quyn dn tc c bn thing ling ca mnh. V c lp t do ca T
quc, v ngha v quc t cao c, ng bo v chin s c nc hy nu cao kh
phch anh hng, on kt mt lng, ra sc thc hin Di chc ca Ch tch H
Ch Minh knh mn, kin tr v y mnh cuc chin u trn ba mt ttn qun
s chnh tr v ngoi giao nhm gii phng min Nam, bo v v xy dng min
Bc x hi ch ngha, tin ti ho bnh, thng nht nc nh".
Ngay ngy hm y, tuyn b ca Chnh ph Cch mng lm thi Cng ho min
Nam Vit Nam c pht i trn i Pht thanh Gii phng: "Bn xm lc M
ng n min Bc mt, th qun v dn min Nam quyt ging tr chng gp
nm, gp mi ln!". i cng truyn i th ca Si Gn gi H Ni: "La
min Bc khu la min Nam, la H Ni gic la Si Gn".
T ngoi v trong, t hu phng ln n tin tuyn ln anh hng ang vang ln
ting tr li anh thp: nh!
Mt mn hip ng tuyt p trn cc mt trn qun s d lun v ngoi giao,
gia hu phng ln v tin tuyn ln. Cc mi gip cng nhm ng k th
trong chin lc tng hp ca chin tranh nhn dn Vit Nam.
Cuc chin u din ra c lit. Tng hnh dinh lm vic ht sc khn trng.
Cc ng ch c yu, qun bo, tc chin, thng tin, mt hm su qua nhng
m thc trng. n tn la thiu nghim trng. Cc dy chuyn lp rp n tin
hnh lin tc ngy m, qu sc chu ng ca con ngi, m n vn khng
.
Qu n va lp xong c xe ch sn chuyn ngay v trn a. Ti thng
xuyn gi in cho B T lnh S on phng khng H Ni, biu dng thnh
tch bn ri B52 ca b i tn la, kim tra, tnh hnh chin u Ti, c bit
nhn mnh phi khn trng lp rp n, tit kim n, n tn la ch dng
nh B52.
Phng Thng tn qun s thuc Cc Tuyn hun (Tng cc Chnh tr) kp thi
ra cc bn tin chin s, nng hi tng gi. i Ting ni Vit Nam nhiu ln
dng cc bui pht thanh thng l pht tin chin thng.
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***
Sau khi ra lnh nm bom vo dp Quc hi M ang k ngh l Ging sinh,
Nchxn lnh mt i ngh Kibiscyn, bang Florida, trnh cc nh bo v cng
lun M.
Th nhng "chy tri khng khi nng". Ba ru d lun ging xung u
bn xm lc, i chng phi chm dt ngay "cuc dit chng" Vit Nam.
Hnh ng tn bo ca Nchxn trm bng en ln ngy l Ging sinh, khin
lng tm ca c loi ngi ni gin. Cha bao gi ln sng phn i chin
tranh ca quc M li bng ln d di nh nhng ngy ny trn khp hnh
tinh v ngay ti nc M. Cc nh lnh o cc nc x hi ch ngha ra tuyn
b kch lit ln n hnh ng xm lc mi ca M, khng nh s ng h cuc
chin u ca nhn dn ta. Cc ng cng sn v cng nhn phn n t co ti
c ca M, ku gi nhn dn cc nc u tranh i ho bnh cho Vit Nam.
khp ni trn th gii, hng triu ngi xung ng si sc biu tnh ln n
mnh m hnh ng ti c gh tm ca Nh Trng. Cc ngh, s Quc hi M
c hai vin ch trch gay gt hnh ng leo thang mi ca Nchxn tin hnh
m khng tham kho kin Quc hi v nhn dn M. T Thi bo Niu Yoc,
ngy 2-12-1972, cnh co "M c nguy c tr li mt kiu d man ca thi k
?". Duy nht ch c b l Nguyn Vn Thiu l h hng, vui mng. Hng
AP (M) ngy 19-12 a tin "mt quan chc cao cp ca Nam Vit Nam cho
rng cuc tin cng tr li vo vng trung tm ca H Ni v Hi Phng l
khuyn khch chng ti" rng "vic ny chng t M khng bao gi b ri
chng ti ", v nhc li li ca Thiu thng 8-1972 van xin M "nm bom cho
tan nt min Bc Vit Nam(!)". Xu xa n mc bo Nhn o (L'Humamt)
Php bnh lun: "Ngay nh trc y, trong hi Chin tranh th gii th hai,
nhng tn Php gian nh ri cng khng dm ngh "ng minh" tn ph
Paris. Th m nay Thiu li mong mun M nm bom tn ph t ntic mnh.
Thiu tht ng xu h hn c s xu h!".
Nhn ngy k nim thnh lp Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam (22-12), anh Phm
Vn ng cng cc anh Vn Tin Dng, Phng Th Ti n thm S ch huy
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Qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun. Th tng biu dng chin cng
ca b i, nhc nh cn b, chin s nu cao quyt tm chin u, kin quyt
nh bi m mu en ti, tn bo ca M, ginh thng li to ln hn na.
Thnh u, U ban nhn dn v cc on th qun chng H Ni, Hi Phng v
cc a phng cng lin tc c cc on i biu n cc trn a phng khng
thm hi v tng qu cho b i.
Lc ny, ch tp trung tin cng cc trn a tn la, i tng chnh gy nguy
him cho cc loi my bay M. Th on ca chng l dng tn la Srai bt
sng raa ca ta nh vo trn a.
Sng 22-12, ti n trn a Tiu on 77 tn la Chm ang trong t th sn
sng chin u cao. Sau khi nghe bo co v chin cng bn ri B52 m trc,
ti vo trong xe ch huy yu cu Tiu on trng inh Th Vn v kp chin
u gm s quan iu khin Nguyn Vn c, cc trc th phng v, gc t, c
ly Mc, H, Tn bo co v k thut v ng tc x tr c th. Nhng con ngi
dng cm, thng minh, kt thnh mt tp th n , cng mt ch lp cng, ch
cn mt ci nhy mt cng hiu nh ca nhau, , c nhng nhn xt kh
tinh t. Xit cht tay tng ng ch, ti trao i, bn bc, ng vn cc chin s
c gng tm thm cch nh ti u, dit thm nhiu B52 ca ch.
mt tiu on tn la khc, khi ti n thm, anh em bo co l ang phi sa
cha v kh, kh ti. V sau, mi r vo thi im ti n, n v c lnh
chun b chin u. V mun bo v ti, anh em ni di. Bit vy, nhng
khng n ph bnh. Vic ny gi nh li mt ngy trc , i thm mt trn a
phng khng th gp my bay ch ti khi xe ang chy trn sng y. Ch
kp cho xe dng li, ti v cc ng ch cng i nm p xung mt ng cnh
thn . ch phng my qu tn la Srai vo mt trn a tn la gn y ri
bay thng. Chng ti li tip tc ln ng.
S vic ch c th thi m my ngy hm sau, vi hng thng tn phng Ty
a tin ti b t thng v bom B52. My nh bo Php n s qun ta Paris
xin tiu s ca ti. Cc ng ch Ba Lan v mt s s qun ta nc ngoi, na
tin, na ng, in v hi xem h thc.
12
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Sau ny, ti cn c bit mt s ng ch ta b ch giam cm, khi nghe tin y

b mt t chc truy iu ti trong nh t. i Ting ni Vit Nam phi cho
thu thanh ngay trong hm ch huy ca Tng hnh dinh bi din vn ca ti nhn
ngy thnh lp Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam (22-12) v pht ln gin tip ci
chnh.
***
K st nhn v i lt con chin.
Nchxn ra lnh ngng tp kch B52 vo ngy Cha ging sinh, "lp l nh ln
con en", thc cht l x hi, rt kinh nghim sau nhng trn n au.
Cng lc ny, nu cao chnh sch nhn o, c quan ch vn cho php cc phi
cng M ang b giam trong cc "Khch sn Hintn" (5) c mng ngy Cha
ging sinh. Cc "phi cng trong b qun o ng"(6) c hng dn lm bch
bo, lin hoan ca ht, n ng gi tuyt bn nhng cy thng Nen rc r sc
mu, cu nguyn cho ho bnh v hi hng. Bui pht thanh ting Anh ca i
Ting ni Vit Nam dnh cho binh s M, quen thuc vi lnh M qua ging ni
ca "H Ni Hana"(7), pht i ting ni ca Glen Xcten, i u hoa tiu my
bay B52G va b bt m hm trc, nhn tin cho v: "Anh vn cn sng, c
i x nhn o. Nhn dn Vit Nam khng phi l k th ca chng ta. Mong
cuc chin tranh cht tit ny chng kt thc. Hn em v con".
Cuc nm bom ri thm li tip tc c lit ngay sau l Ging sinh. Tham vng
ngng cung ca nhng k quen li vo sc mnh a chng lao su vo con
ng tht bi y ti c.
m 26-12, ch huy ng hng trm ln chic B52 nh ph d man cc khu
dn c ni thnh H Ni.
c lc cn hm ch huy kin c ca Tng hnh dinh rung chuyn nh ng
t. Hi 22 gi 47 pht, B52 nm bom ri thm xung khu ph Khm Thin,
mt ni c mt dn s ng nht Th , gy tn tht rt ln v ngi v
ca. Cng vi Khm Thin, B52 cng ri bom xung hn 100 im dn c trong
thnh ph, hn 1.000 ngi b thng vong.
Tranh th tng gi tng pht, cc chin s ta khn trng thay th, sa cha v
13
i tng V Nguyn Gip
kh, kh ti, b sung n dc, sn sng tip chin. Dy dn qua my ngy m

chin u, ngi dn H Ni thng ra ngoi hm tr n xem my bay M chy
trong nhng "m hi pho hoa".
22 gi 30 pht m 26-12, Tiu on 76 Trung on tn la 257 anh hng, bng
13 qu n, phi hp cng vi trn a phng khng bin hai my bay B52
thnh hai khi la khng l sng rc c mt gc tri pha nam thnh ph. Mt
trong hai chic ri ngay vo ca hng n Tng Mai thuc qun Hai B Trng,
ni thnh H Ni. ng gia sn Tng hnh dinh, ti v cng xc ng nhn tn
mt cnh tng ho hng y. Tr vo, ti gi in cho S Ch huy b i phng
khng H Ni.
Nghe ting tr li quen thuc ca ng ch Ph T lnh, ti hi:
- Trn Nhn y ? Kho khng?
- Bo co i tng, ti rt kho. Xin chc sc kho i tng.
Ti ni:
- m nay nh nh th l tt y. B Chnh tr, Qun u Trung ng v B
Tng t lnh nhit ht biu dng cc ng ch! Cn ch rt kinh nghim v
gi gn tt lc lng tn la nh lu di. Cn vn n th sao?
ng ch Trn Nhn bo co va nhn c mt s n tn la t Khu IV
chuyn ra, khng cn lo phi "bn m c". Ti cm thy nh ngi.
Trong m 26 rng ngy 27-12, qun v dn H Ni si sc cm th, bn li 18
my bay ch, trong c tm B52. y l m M b mt nhiu B52 nht.
***
H Ni anh dng, au thng.
Chia x ni au ca ng bo. Bc Tn v ti n ngay khu ph Khm Thin,
bnh vin Bch Mai, n cn thm hi b con. Anh Trng Chinh, anh Phm Vn
ng n thm bnh vin Bch Mai, khu ph Gia Lm. Gia ng gch ngi
hoang tn, ng bo xc ng n nhn s sn sc ca ng v Nh nc. Mi
ngi u ha quyt tm bin au thng thnh hnh ng, bt qun th phi
n n mu.
Di bom n M, nhn dn Vit Nam vn ngng cao u t ting bom ri, bo
14
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ch, i pht thanh khng ngng truyn tin chin thng. X lun bo Nhn dn
vit:
"T quc ku gi chng ta! Loi ngi ku gi chng ta! Bn tuyn dng cng
trng ca Quc hi thc gic chng ta tha thng xng ln. Chia la vi min
Nam thn yu, chia la vi Khu IV kin cng, Th H Ni, thnh ph Hi
Phng v cc tnh chung quanh Th quyt tm hip ng chin u cht ch
vi tin tuyn ln trong bn i hp xng chin thng oai hng" (8)
"Si Gn i! H Ni vit tip nhng trang sch ln vo cun sch m ng bo,
ng ch Si Gn vit, nhng trang sch ln v con ngi Vit Nam chng ta
cao qu".(9)
Cha bao gi, x lun ca bo ng li ho hng nh vy,
Cu ni bt h ca Bc H lc sinh thi vang ln nh mt li nguyn: "H Ni,
Hi Phng v mt s thnh ph, x nghip c th b tn ph, song nhn dn Vit
Nam quyt khng s! Khng c g qu hn c lp, t do. n ngy thng li,
nhn dn ta s xy dng li t nc ta ng hong hn, to p hn?"(10)
Chp hnh ch th ca B Tng t lnh, anh Phng Th Ti, Ph Tng Tham
mu trng xng trc tip ch o khng qun nh B52. m 27-12, lc 22
gi 20 pht, Phm Tun li my bay MiG 21 bt ng ct cnh t sn bay Yn
Bi, h mt B52 trn vng tri Ty Bc, lm ri lon i hnh ca ch, to thm
iu kin cho li la phng khng H Ni dit thm nm B52 na.
Thi gian tri i, nng n, cng thng.
Sut 12 ngy m, M huy ng gn 200 my bay chin lc B52 v hn 1.000
my bay chin thut cc loi nh ph H Ni, Hi Phng. Hn 10 vn tn bom
n trt xung cc trng hc, bnh vin, cc khu ph ng dn. Ti c chng
ln ti c.
Quyt trng tr qun xm lc, tr th cho ng bo, chin cng ca qun v
dn ta cng dy thm.
Trong nhng ngy ny, mc d bn v cng thng, ti khng qun ch th cho B
T lnh Phng khng - Khng qunthu thp cc thit b in t v ti liu trn
xc my bay B52 v F111, kp thi s dng nghin cu b sung cch nh.
15
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Nhn dn cc a phng cng c thc trong vic ny. Mt hm, con trai t
ca ti s tn Ho Bnh mang v mt tp ti liu ca B T lnh Tp on
khng qun M nh v cc v tr tn la v cao x ca ta cng cc ch lnh nm
bom, do dn thu c v nh chuyn. Ti xem k ti liu ny. Trn ba c dng
ch: "Ti liu mt, khng c a ra khi B Quc phng".
Trc khi chuyn ti liu ny cho B Tng Tham mu, ti vit thm: "Tr B
Quc phng Vit Nam".
8 gi sng ngy 28-12, ti n Tiu on 79, Trung on tn la 257, ti trn a
Yn Ngha, H Ty. Cc chin s n ti trong trng thi sn sng chin u cao,
nhng khng km phn nng nhit, thn tnh.
Sp n gi ch hot ng. Ti ni ngn, cn dn n v khng c ch quan,
tho mn, ch gi b mt, ngu trang nh ch nhng ng qun bo v
mnh. Phn tch nguyn nhn thng li, ti ni:
- Cng con ngi , cng v kh , nhng ln ny cc ng ch nh c tin
b vt bc. l v chng ta c quyt tm rt cao, v chng ta nm vng t
tng qun s ca ng l lun lun ch ng tin cng ch, mu tr, sng to,
b mt, bt ng. Binh chng ca cc ng ch l binh chng hin i, cng phi
nm cho c k thut qun s hin i, c nh vy mi ci tin c k thut,
mi t chc hip ng chin u tt. C t chc chin u tt, ch huy tt, pht
huy tinh thn ch ng tin cng, mu tr, sng to, nh thng ch ban m,
nh thng mi th on gy nhiu v chng c tn la Srai, ca chng, ta
cng ginh thng li ln.
Gii thch cho b i r tht bi ca ch l ht sc nng n, ti ni:
- Trong Chin tranh th gii th hai, vi k thut phng khng hi by gi,
khng qun thng b tn tht 1% nhng ni hot ng tng i mnh.
Trong chin tranh ph hoi Vit Nam, Ginxn th nhn tn tht ca M
ni chung l 1%, ring vi H Ni, Hi Phng l 2%.
Cn by gi bao nhiu?
n hm nay, 28-12, M mt 31 my bay B52. Chng c 200 chic, mt 31
chic l tn tht 15%. Nu tnh ring H Ni, Hi Phng, mi ln chng vo 20,
16
i tng V Nguyn Gip
30 chic b h bn hoc nm chic th t l rt cao! Khng qun chin lc m

tn tht t l 10% n 15% l rt cao. Tht bi ht sc nng n l nh vy !
My hm nay, chnh M phi th nhn tn tht l 8%. Tt nhin chng khng
dm ni ht s tht.
Sau khi chc tiu on ginh thng li ln hn na, ti hi:
- T l sp ti l bao nhiu?
C ting tr li:
- 100% .
Ti ni vui:
- Nn nh rng mt qu tn la h mt my bay, mt chin s c cng c th
ph mt lc 15 my bay. Nu cc ng ch nh tt hn na, th cng c kh
nng y.
Sau ti vo thm S ch huy Qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun t
trong hang ni Trm.
Trong khng kh phn khi, ng ch Trn Hanh bo co thnh tch ca khng
qun ta va h c mt B52 m trc. Nghe xong, ti ni:
- Chc mng chin cng ca khng qun. Nhng chc cc ng ch khng tho
mn y ch?
- Bo co cha , cn phi phn u h nhiu B52 hn na !
- Nht nh phi nh vy!
Ti cn c bo co v mng trinh st ca binh chng raa va ti u va rt
Vit Nam. y l mt mng li raa dy c, mnh m, c ch huy cht ch,
vi cc i raa c b tr bt ng, him hc, kt hp gia hin i v th s,
gia raa tm xa v h thng cc vng quan st bng mt bao quanh H Ni,
kim sot cht ch c bn tng khng: cao, trung, thp v tht thp, c "nh v
mt, nh tt sn, nh tp hu" theo ch th ca Tng Tham mu ph Vng
Th V trong bui kim tra S ch huy Phng khng - Khng qun thng 61972. Chnh nh th m trong m u tin v trong cc ngy sau, mc d cc
i raa ng bng b nhiu nng, cc i khc Ty Bc, ng Bc, Vnh
Linh, Lng, Din Chu v c Cnh ng Chum vn pht hin c r rng
17
i tng V Nguyn Gip
nhng i hnh ln ca B52 cch xa H Ni hng nghn kilmt.

Ni chuyn vi cn b ti S ch huy, ti k chuyn va gp mt ph n khi n
xem xc chic my bay B52 b bn ri ti lng Ngc H. Ch nm tay ti, ging
xc ng:
- Ln u tin c gp i tng. Chng ti khng s chng n! Chng ti
nht nh khng s? Phi dit cho ht chng n i.
Ph n Vit Nam l nh th. Dn tc Vit Nam cng nh th!
Sau khi khen ngi chin cng ca b i tn la, b i raa, b i cao x, b
i khng qun, ti phn tch mi ngi hiu thm ngha ca thng li:
- Chin cng ca cc ng ch l xut sc. Tn tht ca ch l v cng nng n.
y l tn tht v khng qun chin lc. Khi mt mt chic B52 th cc hng
tin phng Ty ni ti tn tht v uy tn ca khng qun chin lc M. Th
m by gi chng mt ti 32 chic. Thm vo , mt l gic li va b bt l
phi cng B52, F111, l nhng loi m c nc M cng khng c nhiu. Cn
thy r iu phn khi, tin tng, nh thng to hn.
Thay mt ton qun chng, i t T lnh L Vn Tri ha thc hin ch th ca
B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng, ra sc nng cao cht lng chin u,
nng cao sc chin u tng hp, cng cc lc lng v trang khc bn ri
nhiu my bay, bt sng nhiu gic li hn na.
***
Qun xm lc ngm n.
Ngy 22-12, M gi cng hm ngh ta hp li theo ni dung tho thun
hi thng 10-1972.
Hng thng tn M AP ngy 25-12-1972, cay ng th nhn: "Thit hi ca M
l nng nht k t khi M bt u nm bom Bc Vit Nam thng 9-1964".
m 30-12-1972, ti duyt bn thng co chin thng do Cc Tuyn hun d
tho. Tri v khuya, nhit xung thp. Nhng trc chin cng oanh lit vi
nhng con s y ngha, ai cng thy m lng.
" Ch trong 12 ngy m, qun v dn ta :
1. Bn ri 77 my bay hin i thuc khng qun chin lc v khng qun
18
i tng V Nguyn Gip
chin thut M, phn ln ri ti ch, trong c:

- 33 my bay chin lc B52, phn ln thuc loi B52D v B52G, tc loi my
bay chin lc c trang b in t ti tn ca M.
- 5 my bay F111.
- 24 my bay phn lc hin i ca hi qun M.
- 3 my bay trinh st v 1 my bay ln thng.
2. Tiu dit v bt sng hng trm gic li M, trong c s quan cc cp t
cp trung t tr xung.
3. Bn chy 8 tu chin M".(11)
Phn khi, xc ng, ti ghi tip vo bn thng co, nhit lit khen ngi v
tuyn dng cng trng cc qun chng, binh chng b i ch lc, b i a
phng, cng an nhn dn v trang, dn qun t v v ng bo cc a phng
trn min Bc on kt hip ng cht ch, quyt chin v quyt thng gic
M xm lc, nh rt gii, thng rt to. Ti cng khng qun ku gi ng
bo, chin s "nu cao tinh thn quyt chin quyt thng, ch ng kin quyt
tin cng ch, em ht sc mnh ca mnh ging tip cho khng qun v hi
qun M nhng n quyt lit hn na".
Bn thng co, ng thi cng l mt li cnh co.
Mc d na m, thng co c chuyn ngay cho Thng tn x Vit Nam.
Sng hm sau, ton vn thng co chin thng c cc bo ng trn trang nht
v pht trn i Ting ni Vit Nam ngay u bn tin thi s. X lun bo Qun
i nhn dn ca ngi chin cng v i ny l "trn in Bin Ph trn khng",
mt ci tn y ngha do chnh bo ch phng Ty tha nhn.
***
C nc nc lng.
Uy th khng lc Hoa K sp . Hy vng thng lng trn th mnh ca M
cng sp theo.
Sau ny sch bo phng Ty tit l: Nchxn thc p Nguyn Vn Thiu phi
k Hip nh bng bt c gi no. Thiu hu nh tuyt vng khi c i c li
bc th ca Nchxn do tng Hy (12) chuyn ti:
19
i tng V Nguyn Gip
"Cho ti nhn mnh kt thc rng tng Hy khng n Si Gn m

phn vi ngi. Ti tin chc s t chi ca ngi hp tc vi chng ti s a n
thm ho, mt tt c nhng g m chng ta chin u bn nhau ginh c
trong thp k qua. N s l khng tha th c v chng ti s mt i mt gii
php vinh d v cng bng.."
Ngy 17-1-1973, su ngy trc khi Hip nh Paris, c k kt, Nchxn li
gi th cho Thiu, li l khng khc mt ti hu th:
" nhiu ln ti tr li vi ngi, vn then cht y khng phi l tnh
cht c bit ca Hip nh v qua l ha hn hp tc lu di ca hai nc v
s vin tr t pha chng ti. R rng chnh s vin tr ny m ti v ang
hnh ng. Nu cc ngi t chi khng k Hip nh th cc ngi ng trng
mong g vo kh nng gip ca chng ti. kin trong Quc hi v cng
lun khng cho php ti lm khc"(13)
Vn c c rt v ci gy. Vung ci ny khng c li gi n ci kia. V tt
nhin l Thiu phi u hng.
Mu s Ktxinhgi tr li bn hi ngh, khng kim chc c g hn. Tra ngy
23-1-1973, trong cn ma lt pht v ci lnh ct da, ng ta nh phi n i l
Klebe t bt k tt vo bn Hip nh bng hai ch ci HK dnh vo nhau. Bn
ngy sau , ngy 27-1-1973, Hip nh Paris v Vit Nam c chnh thc k
kt.
Gin Ngrpn (John Negroponte), chuyn vin ca Ktxinhgi v Vit Nam,
cay ng tht ln: "Chng ta nm bom Bc Vit Nam ri chnh chng ta li
chp nhn nhng b"(14).
quc M thua trong vn bi cui cng, ng nh li tin on ca Bc
H: "Phi d kin trc mi tnh hung cng sm cng tt. Nh l trc khi
thua Triu Tin, quc M hu dit Bnh Nhng. Vit Nam, M s
nht nh thua. Nhng n ch chu thua sau khi thua trn bu tri H Ni"(15).
20
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ch thch:
(1) H Ch Minh: Bin nin nhng s kin v ti liu v qun s. Nh xut bn
Qun i nhn dn. H Ni. 1990, tr. 204.
(2) Cc Qun bo.
(3) y l chic chuyn c trc dnh ring cho Ch tch H Ch Minh, nn
c mang k hiu BH (Bc H) v ngy sinh ca Ngi (19-5).
(4) Nam B.
(5) Bo ch phng Ty ma mai gi cc tri giam phi cng M min Bc Vit
Nam l "Khch sn Hintn", loi khch sn nm sao ni ting ca M.
(6) T binh M mc qun o sc ging nh qun o ng. Mt b phim ca Cng
ho dn ch c v phi cng M b bt, ly tn ny (Pilotes en pyjama)
(7) N pht thanh vin Thu Hng ca bui pht thanh dnh cho binh s M,
c lnh M t tn l H Ni Hana (Hanoi Hana).
(8) (9) X lun bo Nhn dn ngy 25 v 26-12-1972.
(10) H Ch Minh: Ton tp, xut bn ln th hai, Nh xut bn Chnh tr quc
gia, H Ni. 1996, t.12, tr.108
(11) Theo Thng co ca B Tng t lnh, ngy 28-12-1972
(12) Haig
(13) Nguyn Tin Hng v Jrold L. Schecter: T To Bch c n dinh c
Lp, Nh xut bn. Tr, thnh ph H Ch Minh, 1990, tr. 214.
(14) H Ch Minh: Bin nin nhng s kin v t liu v qun s, Nh xut bn
Qun i nhn dn. H Ni: 1990, tr. 203.
(15) Nguyn Tin Hng v Jrold L. Schecter: T To Bch c n dinh c
Lp, Nh xut bn. Tr, thnh ph H Ch Minh, 1990, tr. 213.
21
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Chng 2
HI NGH LCH S
Nm 1972 l nm nhn dn Vit Nam trn c hai min ginh thng li to ln,
ton din, c ngha chin lc quan trng c v qun s, chnh tr, ngoi giao,
sn xut v bo v sn xut.
Tri qua mt nm chin u anh dng, kin cng, qun v dn ta trn tin
tuyn ln loi khi vng chin u gn na triu qun ch, trong c tm
s on, 35 trung on, l on v chin on b tiu dit v nh thit hi
nng. Ta ph hu v thu mt khi lng ln v kh v phng tin chin
tranh ca ch, bn ri v ph hu hng nghn my bay, bn chm hng trm tu,
thuyn chin u.
Qun ta p tan ba tuyn phng th kin c nht m M - ngu tp trung
xy dng trong nhiu nm Qung Tr, bc Ty Nguyn, ng Nam B, nhng
hng chin lc sng cn ca chng min Nam. Ln u tin, nhiu s on,
trung on qun ngu, xng sng ca chin lc."Vit Nam ho" b tiu dit
v tan r, mc d c khng qun v hi qun M phi hp tc chin. C s
ca chin lc "Vit Nam ho" l k hoch "bnh nh nng thn" ca ch
cng b tht bi nghim trng. Lin tc tin cng v ni dy, qun v dn min
Nam ging nhng n quyt lit vo ch km kp ca ch, gii phng nhiu
qun l, chi khu, qut tng mng n bt v p chin lc.
Trong cuc tin cng chin lc nm 1972, tuy n tin cng chnh tr cc
thnh th din ra khng mnh, hng triu qun chng ginh c quyn lm
ch. Vng gii phng c m rng, ni lin cn c a ba nc ng Dng
thnh mt di lin hon, to ra th chin lc rt li hi cho c trc mt v lu
di. Chnh quyn cch mng c xy dng v cng c, lc lng v trang pht
trin v ng chn vng chc. Kh th u tranh Si Gn v cc thnh th
min Nam cng c bc phc hi mi.
22
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Vic vn chuyn chin lc chi vin chin trng min Nam c y mnh.
Mc d thi tit khc nghit ch dng khng qun nh ph c ht, vic vn
chuyn vn tip din ngy m vi khi lng ln. Qun v dn ta nh bi
ch trng chin lc ca ch m li cuc chin tranh bng khng qun v hi
qun min Nam v leo thang chin tranh ph hoi min Bc. c bit, 12
ngy m chin u tiu dit B52 cui nm 1972 l mt chin cng ni bt. Ln
u tin, ta t chc v thc hin thnh cng mt chin dch phng khng quy
m ln nh thng cuc tp kch ca khng qun chin lc M bng mt trn
tiu dit chin gin gi, gy cho khng qun M nhng tn tht nng n nht
trong lch s ca n.
Min Bc vt qua s phong to ca M, gi vng v pht trin giao thng
vn ti, bo v v y mnh sn xut trong iu kin chin tranh c lit. Trn
mt trn sn xut nng nghip, hai v la c ma lin. Nhiu tnh tr thnh
tnh 5-6 tn.
Trong th, thch ca chin tranh, ch x hi ch ngha nu cao tnh u vit.
Th thch cng quyt lit, thng li cng oanh lit, kh th cng cao.
"Nam Bc hai min u nh gii". Thng li ca nm 1972 t c s vng
chc cho c nc tin ln ginh thng li mi rc r hn. Tnh hnh cch mng
l khng th o ngc.
Ngy 12-1-1973, l tuyn dng danh hiu Anh hng ch cc n v v cn b,
chin s thuc Qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun c t chc trng th
ti Th H Ni.
Anh Trng Chinh, Ch tch U ban Thng v Quc hi, thay mt Trung
ng ng v Nh nc cng b lnh tng thng ca Ch tch Tn c
Thng. Anh nhit lit khen ngi b i tn la, b i cao x, b i khng
qun v b i raa lp chin cng c bit xut sc trong chin u v phc
v chin u, p tan cuc tp kch chin lc quy m ln bng khng qun ca
quc M.
Tip , ti thay mt Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh chc mng 24
n v v 12 cn b, chin si va c phong tng danh hiu cao qu Anh hng
lc lng v trang nhn dn. Phn tch nguyn nhn thng li ti nu r: "Chin
thng v i ca qun v dn ta va qua nh bi bc leo thang chin tranh mi
23
i tng V Nguyn Gip
cc k tn bo ca chnh quyn Nchxn l thng li rc r ca s lnh o

ng n v sng sut ca ng ta. l thng li ca ch quyt chin quyt
thng khng g lay chuyn ni, ca s hy sinh khng b bn ca ton qun, ton
dn ta trong s nghip u tranh v c lp, t do v thng nht T quc. l
thng li ca sc mnh tng hp ca cc qun chng, binh chng, b i ch
lc b i a phng v dn qun t v, to thnh mt li la cc tm, cc c,
p o v chin thng k ch".
Hng v min Nam thn yu, ti t lng "bit n ng bo rut tht v cc
ng ch Qun gii phng anh hng lp chin cng oanh lit trn khp cc
chin trng, phi hp chin u vi qun v dn min Bc, c v mnh m
ng bo v chin s ta chin thng k th, hip nh Paris c k kt ng vo
dp Tt Nguyn n Qu Su. Theo Hip nh, ng 8 gi sng ngy 28-11973, lnh ngng bn c hiu lc. Ni ngng ting sng s l tuyn ranh gii
gia hai bn.
Chnh trong m 27-1, ci m "bn l" y, qun ngu trng trn dng ton b
pho mt t trn hm i bn vo trn a ca qun ta Ca Vit (Quang Tr).
Li dng ho lc pho binh, chng cho hn 200 xe tng, xe bc thp v l on
thu qun lc chin s 147 t M Thu, Gia ng nh chim cng. Ch trong
mt m, chng chim mt vng t m trong my thng trc chng
khng sao chim li ni. Trn thc t, cng Ca Vit ri vo tay ch.
Mt Ca Vit, ng H, Dc Miu, Qun Ngang b uy hip trc tip. Tuyn
ng vn chuyn chin lc Trng Sn b e do. Thnh qu ca chin dch
Qung Tr nm 1972 b nh hng nghim trng.
Anh L Trng Tn, lc ny l T lnh chin dch, gi in cho ng ch Cng,
ch huy hng Ca Vit:
- ng ch c bit cng Ca Vit b mt khng?
- Bo co anh, chng n ln chim mt mt t. Chng ti cho ngi gp tn
l trng phn i v vic ny.
Anh Tn ra lnh ging gay gt:
- Chng n dng c mt l xe tng v mt l lnh thu nh b nh chim
cng Ca Vit khng phi nghe anh phn i u. Ti h lnh cho anh phi
lp tc chim li cng. R cha?
24
i tng V Nguyn Gip
- R !
- R ri th chp hnh ngay. Ti sao anh ch lo mnh vi phm m khng thy
pha ch thc s xo b Hip nh ri?
Anh Tn bo co ra xin kin B Tng t lnh in thoi hu tuyn. Ti ng
v dn:
- Anh Tn i! Cc anh cho nh chim li ngay. C gng a cho c nhng
a con kho mnh nht ca o Huy V sang nh? Phi ly li bng c.
- R! Nht nh phi nh vy! Ti s a ton b gia nh Huy V qua lin
hoan vi o Dng v Cng. Xin bo m cuc lin hoan s rt vui. Anh c
yn tm!(1)
Sau anh Tn ra lnh cho L on xe tng 203 v pho binh hip ng tc
chin, ng thi lnh cho cc s on tuyn chn 9 i sng chng tng iu
khin bng hu tuyn, v phn cng cc anh Cao Vn Khnh, Don Tu, Ph
T lnh trc tip ch huy.
M sng hm sau, 28-1-1973, vin l do cn thay qun nh ch lm ngy
hm trc, ta a i hnh p st cc cm xe ch, ri bt ng n sng. Tn l
trng b cht ngay t pht u tin. Trn nh kt thc vo gn tra. ch
hong ht tho chy, b li hn 100 xe v nhiu xc cht.
Tin chin thng bo v.
Ti cm in thoi biu dng chin cng ca qun ta v tinh thn kin quyt,
cnh gic ca B T lnh chin dch Qung Tr.
***
T u nm 1973, tnh hnh min Nam kh si ng. M - ngu ra sc ph hoi
Hip nh Paris, y mnh bnh nh ln chim, tip tc thc hin chin lc
"Vit Nam ho chin tranh". Li dng iu khon ngng bn, ch m cc cuc
hnh qun "trn ngp lnh th", coi ln t, ginh dn l "keo cui cng".
Chng ro rit thc hin k hoch "bnh nh c bit" chim li cc cn c
"lm" ca ta, nng ra vng gip ranh, uy hip hnh lang vn chuyn, y ch
lc ca ta ra xa, ng thi thc hin cuc "cch mng hnh chnh" cng c b
my km kp p, x, y mnh chin tranh tm l, xuyn tc Hip nh Paris, t
chc cc chin dch "Phng hong" ro rit hot ng tnh bo, gin ip, bit
kch, ph hoi c s ca ta min Nam.
25
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Trong giao ban hng ngy B Tng Tham mu, tin tc dn dp bo v: ch

ra sc cn qut, ln chim vng gii phng, trng im l cc khu vc then cht
vng ngoi nh ty Tr - Thin, ty nam Qung , Qung Ngi, bc Bnh
nh, ty Kon Tum, khu tip gip vng gii phng v khu trung tuyn bc v
ty bc Si Gn, nam bc ng s 4 M Tho, Vnh Long, Chng Thin, vng
bin gii thuc Kin Tng, Chu c. Chng s dng 2/3 lc lng ch lc
kt hp vi qun bo an t chc nhng cuc hnh qun quy m mt - hai trung
on ln chim cc cn c "lm", v quy m cp s on tr ln nh vo Ca
Vit (Qung Tr), Sa Hunh (Qung Ngi), bc Kon Tum, Ty Ninh, Tn Chu,
Hng Ng, Cai Ly, Chng Thin. Mt phi pho so vi trc tuy c gim
nhng vn cn c lit.
ch t chc nhng cuc hnh qun gm dn, di dn, nh ph c tnh cht
hu dit, i trng nhiu ni, tin hnh di dn, xo trn gia cc a bn ph
c s ca ta. Vi cc th on tn bo, xo quyt, ch ln chim c phn ln
vng gip ranh v cn c "lm" Khu 5, mt s vng su Khu 8, ci thin
c th phng ng vng ngoi Tr - Thin, Qung , Qung Tn, ty Kon
Tum v cc tnh dc bin gii Vit Nam - Campuchia, ginh thm t, thm
dn, gy cho ta nhiu kh khn. Ring min Ty Nam B, do ta kp thi ging
tr nn ch khng ln chim c m cn b nhiu tn tht. Ca Vit, ta kp
thi nh qun ln chim, ch b tht bi v thng vong nng.
Trong bi cnh lch s lc ny, khng phi ai cng d dng nhn r m mu
thm c ca M - ngu.
Sau nhng nm di chin tranh c lit, gian kh, mun c ho bnh l nguyn
vng chnh ng. Th nhng "cy mun lng, gi chng ng ". C kin cho
rng trng tm s mt lc ny l gi vng ho bnh, thc hin ho hp dn tc,
to th n nh trong khong 5-10 nm. Nhiu a phng do s h, mt cnh
gic, mt t, mt dn. C ni ch trng phn tuyn, phn vng vi ch,
mt th "da bo". C ni rt cc s on ch lc v gi cc cn c, giao cho
b i a phng chng ch ln chim. C xu hng gin n cho l la chin
tranh ch "riu riu", hoc "tt la chin trng", cng c mt k hoch s
dng 3,5 t la m pha M ha bi thng chin tranh lm vn tch lu
26
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ban u. Ngay Tng hnh dinh cng c kin khng mun nh tr, e vi
phm Hip nh Paris.
Nh mi bui chiu Sn, khi nghe cc ng ch L Hu c v V Quang
H, Ph cc trng Tc chin bo tin ngh pht ng chin tranh du kch
nh ch ln chim vng gii phng cha c chp nhn, ti pht biu:
"Cc cu quen lm khoa hc qun s nn snh ch ngha. Sao khng ni: "ch
cn qut chim li vng ta mi gii phng, ng thm n bt, vy ta c nh
li khng hay mt ht?". Mi ngi mi v l ra!
***
Ho bnh c lp li.
Thng li ln nht lc ny l min Nam, ta c chnh quyn, c qun i, c
t, c dn, c php l quc t tha nhn. Qun M phi rt i, cn qun ta
th li.
B Chnh tr ch trng nhanh chng cng c cc vng gii phng. Cc nhu cu
trc mt v lu di, v vt cht, k thut ca b i ta min Nam rt ln. Ti
lm vic vi anh inh c Thin, Ch nhim Tng cc Hu cn.
Suy ngh ca ti lc ny l do M - ngu cn ngoan c nn c nhiu kh nng
ch s nh ph cc tuyn ng chi vin chin lc Trng Sn, hoc ch t
cng gy kh khn cho ta bng cch yu cu ng cc trm kim sot quc t
cc u mi giao thng quan trng trn ng vn chuyn chin lc. Ta cn
tranh th lc ch tm phi ngng nh ph, tng cng vn chuyn vo Nam,
ngoi vt cht cho sinh hot, cn a cc loi v kh ln nh xe tng, thit gip,
pho c ln, pho cao x v cc kh ti, phng tin bo m.
Lm vic vi anh ng S Nguyn, ti ch th phi khc phc kh khn m
ng ng Trng Sn t Khe Gt (Qung Bnh) vo n B Gia Mp (Nam
B) vic vn chuyn chin lc c nhanh chng v thun li. My ngy
sau, anh Thin trnh ra Qun u mt k hoch vn chuyn v bo m hu cn
ton din cho min Nam v ngh c dn u mt on kh ng cn b
vo chin trng trc tip t chc thc hin.
Ti hi:
- Cu nh lm g m mang lm qun th?
Anh Thin tr li:
27
i tng V Nguyn Gip
- Ti cn khong 100 cn b, gm cc ngnh hu cn v c cc binh chng. i

n u, t chc n y, y mnh xy dng vng gii phng, xy dng cc
cn c hu cn c y kho tng, trm qun y, cc c s k thut, cc n v
sn xut.
Ti thy k hoch kh s, mnh dn nhng hp l v cn thit, nn tn thnh
ngay.
K hoch ca anh Thin c Qun u thng qua.
on cn b khn trng, hng hi ln ng vo Nam.
Anh T Hu kt hp cng i. Nng ng, dm ngh dm lm, anh Thin
hon thnh xut sc mt nhim v t xut nhng rt quan trng, gp phn tch
cc cng c vng gii phng, cng on 559 vn chuyn hng vn tn vt cht,
k thut gm lng thc, qun o thuc men, v kh, pho c ln, pho cao x,
tng, thit gip vo chin trng, bo m cho vic xy dng, hun luyn, nng
cao sc chin u ca lc lng v trang v mt phn cho nhn dn.
***
Chin thng ca trn "in Bin Ph trn khng" cng vi tm nm chng
chin tranh ph hoi bng khng qun v hi qun ca M nh du bc
trng thnh vt bc ca qun v dn ta ni chung v qun chng Phng
khng - Khng qun ni ring. Ti dnh nhiu thi gian cng vi cc ng ch
lnh o, chl huy qun chng tng kt nhng kinh nghim qu bu thu c
trong nhng nm qua, sn sng i ph vi m mu, th on mi ca ch.
Ti Sn, ti nghe B T lnh Phng khng - Khng qun bo co v xy
dng v chin u ca tng binh chng: tn la, cao x, raa v khng qun.
Cc bo co c chun b cng phu, c h thng, c tham kho nhiu ngun
tin tnh bo v t liu ca cc nc Anh, c, Nht. Mt bi nghin cu v
chin tranh khng qun ng Dng ca Trng i hc Cornell (M) kt
lun: "Thng li ca ngi Vit Nam l mt v d v song v s ton thng ca
tr tu con ngi i vi my mc". Nhiu vn t t chc lc lng, tc
chin, o to cn b, trang b k thut c t ra, lm sng t thm ni dung
cc ch trng m Qun u ang tho lun.
***
28
i tng V Nguyn Gip
u thng 3-1973, Qun u Trung ng hp. Cc anh Vn Tin Dng, Song

Ho, L Quang o, inh c Thin, Trn Qu Hai u c mt.
Khai mc hi ngh ti pht biu gi , nu cc vn cn trao i, tho lun,
nht l nh gi cho ng tnh hnh min Nam c v qun s, chnh tr, kinh t,
ngoi giao c ch trng ton din, kp thi chn ng m mu, th on
ca ch ang ln t, ginh dn, nh ph c s cch mng.
Sau khi nghe anh L Trng Tn bo co tnh hnh, vi tinh thn trch nhim
cao, cc anh trong Qun u pht biu rt si ni. Nghim tc t ph bnh v ph
bnh, mi ngi ni r nhng suy ngh, kim im u im, khuyt im trong
nhn thc, t tng v s ch o cng tc trong phm vi chc trch ca mnh,
ph bnh s lnh o, ch o ca Qun u v B Tng t lnh.
Kt thc cuc hp, Qun u quyt ngh: trong khi ch dng bin php qun s
nh ta, ta cn kt hp cht ch u tranh qun s vi u tranh chnh tr, vi
php l ca Hip nh Paris, tng bc chuyn sang tin cng ch yu bng
chnh tr c lc lng v trang lm hu thun, nhm thc hin ngng bn, lp
li ho bnh trn th c li cho ta.
***
Tnh hnh chin s min Nam din bin phc tp, c nhiu im cn c
xem xt ti ch. Ti tranh th vo lm vic trc tip vi cc chin trng B5
(Qung Tr), B4 (Tr - Thin), B T lnh 559 v Qun khu IV.
Thc tin ni tuyn la cng cho thy r m mu, th on ca ch ph hoi
Hip nh Paris, t ra nhiu vn phi khn trng gii quyt. Lm vic vi
cc anh L Trng Tn, Song Ho, Cao Vn Khnh, V Xun Chim, ng S
Nguyn, Hong Th Thin, m Quang Trung, Nguyn Vn Thanh, Phan Vn
ng(2), vi Thng v Tnh u Qung Bnh, chng ti bn c th k hoch
cng c th b tr lc lng ca qun ta, cch nh qun ngu ln chim, cc
bin php tng cng lc lng cho B4, B5, vic lm ng c ng cho cc
phng tin c gii, m ng ng Trng Sn, y mnh vn chuyn chin
lc, k c bng ng hng khng, vic xy dng cn c a, hu cn, chuyn
thng binh t chin trng ra. Chuyn i th st ng Trng Sn li
trong ti nhiu n tng su sc v tinh thn anh dng chin u, chu ng
gian kh, khc phc kh khn ca cn b, chin s on 559, gi m kh nng
29
i tng V Nguyn Gip
to ln ca con ng chin lc mang tn Bc c trong xy dng t nc sau

ny.
Ni chuyn vi cn b, chin s on 559, ti cn dn:
- Mun t c nh cao ca ton thng, chng ta cn phi dng cm hn
dng cm, mu tr sng to hn mu tr sng to. Con ng Trng Sn ri
y khng dng li nh mc hin nay m phi m rng xe c th i li hai
chiu khng gim tc , i c c nhng thng u ma ma l.
***
Hip nh Paris c hiu lc c 60 ngy. Sng 27-3-1973, B Chnh tr hp
m rng. Sau khi nghe anh L Quang o bo co tnh hnh, anh Nguyn Duy
Trinh nu kin cn tranh th to th mnh cho ta, c i sch c th vi M,
buc M phi chm dt dnh lu, buc ngu phi chm dt chin s. Anh cng
phn nh d lun th gii ca ngi thng li ca ta.
Tip , ng ch B th th nht L Dun ra ni dung tho lun, gm vic
phn cng gia B Chnh tr v Trung ng Cc min Nam trong vic ch o
cc phi on ca ta cc hi ngh bn bn v hai bn, xem xt i sch ca ta
vi M, tng kt 60 ngy thi hnh Hip nh v ra tuyn b ca Chnh ph. Cc
anh Trng Chinh, Phm Vn ng, L c Th, pht biu nh gi tnh hnh,
ngh phng hng chnh sch i vi M, cch lm vic v phn cng c
th gia B Chnh tr v Trung ng Cc.
Kt lun hi ngh, anh Ba ng Trung ng Cc trc tip ch o cc Ban
lin hip qun s, Qun u Trung ng ch o cc vn qun s. Anh khng
nh: M thc s rt qun, nhng cha chm dt du lu, ngu cn ngoan c
ph hoi Hip nh. Ta cn tranh th xy dng lc lng mi mt min Nam,
min Bc, quy trch nhim ca M, buc i phng phi thi hnh Hip nh
Paris.
Ngy hm sau, 28-3, trin khai thc hin Ngh quyt ca B Chnh tr, Qun u
Trung ng tho lun ch trng tc chin. Cuc hp i n kt lun: Tuy qun
M rt, nhng lc lng qun s M vn c mt trong khu vc: ng bc
Thi Lan, Guam, Phippin v trn Hm i 7. M li ang chi vin t cho
qun ngu mnh ln, hng y li cch mng, thc hin min Nam tr thnh
mt nc ph thuc M, ch c mt qun i, mt chnh quyn. i tng
30
i tng V Nguyn Gip
tc chin lc ny l qun ngu. Phng chm tc chin min Nam l kt hp

nh chnh quy v nh du kch, tc chin vi binh vn, chin u vi xy dng
lc lng, tiu dit ch gn vi ginh dn, xy dng c s. Hi ngh cng nu
ra nhim v qun s ca min Bc, kt hp kinh t vi quc phng, tng cng
chi vin min Nam, v cc vn qun s Lo v Campuchia.
Ngay sau cuc hp, Qun u Trung ng in cho cc chin trng. Trong bc
in, ti gii thch r tin cng qun s bng phn cng ca ta l ch ng tin
cng, ch ng phn cng, khng phng ng n thun.
Khng nhng phn cng a bn ch tin cng ta, m Cn hip ng vi cc
lc lng chnh tr, qun s, binh vn phn cng cc a bn khc, ni ta c
ch lc mnh.
Khng nhng phn cng bng b binh, bng ho lc, m ht sc ch dng b
i c cng tinh nhu nh vo c quan ch huy, kho tng, sn bay, cn c, bn
sn v sau lng ch, nh vo nhng ni chng s h.
***
Ngy 29-3-1973, B ch huy qun s M Si Gn lm l cun c. Trn t
nc thn yu, qun xm lc nc ngoi v c bn b qut sch.
Sau Hip nh Paris, vic lin lc gia hai min c thm iu kin mi kh
thun li. Lng thng tin tng ln, nhanh hn, hn, phong ph hn, qua cc
ngun cung cp t chin trng, t Ban Lin hip qun s, t bo ch cng khai.
i li cng d dng hn, k c bng my bay n tn sn bay Tn Sn Nht.
Tin tc bo v Tng hnh dinh c chn lc, phn tch k cng. Cn b t
min Nam ra hp, gp nhiu tnh hnh v kin xc ng.
B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng rt quan tm n tnh hnh ch ph hoi
Hip nh Paris. Vi trch nhim v chc trch ca mnh, ti dnh nhiu thi
gian suy ngh, tranh th trao i thm vi nhiu ng ch.
Vi cc anh t min Nam ra, ti thng mi n nh dng cm thn mt.
Nhng bui gp g trao i nh vy tht b ch. Ti trao i kin vi ng ch
B th th nht. Qua nhiu ln trao i, anh Ba hon ton nht tr vi ch trng
kin quyt tn cng, phn cng nh tr ch. Trong cc bc in gi Trung
ng Cc min Nam, Khu u V: Khu u Tr - Thin v ng u Ty Nguyn,
31
i tng V Nguyn Gip
t tng cch mng tin cng c truyn i, bc u to nn nhng bin

chuyn chin trng.
Ti cng dnh trn mt ngy nghe anh T Hu ni chuyn v tnh hnh min
Nam sau chuyn i "nc non ngn dm". Va l nh chnh tr, va l nh th,
anh thut li nhng iu tai nghe mt thy trn cc no ng Trng Sn
"ng nng ty ma", ni ln kht vng ca ng bo v chin s min Nam:
Dang tay mt vi xa g
Si Gn i li phi i bao ngy.
Ti thm ngh vi tinh thn cch mng tin cng ca ng ta, ng ti Si
Gn nht nh s c co ngn li.
c bit b ch l nhng bui lm vic trong thng 4-1973 vi cc anh lnh o,
ch huy cc chin trng min Nam c B Chnh tr Trung ng ng triu
tp ra Bc hp. n cn b B2(3) do anh Mi Cc(4), ph B th Trung ng
Cc dn u, gm cc anh Hong Vn Thi, T lnh B2, V Vn Kit, B th
Khu u Khu IX, Trn Nam Trung, ph trch cc tnh min ng Nam B,
Nguyn Minh ng, B th Khu u Khu 8.
on Khu 5, Ty Nguyn c cc anh V Ch Cng, Chu Huy Mn. Ngay sau
khi ra ti H Ni, ngy 19-4, ti nh ngh H Ty, on s b bo co vi
B Chnh tr v tnh hnh cch mng min Nam t nm 1972, c bit sau ngy
k Hip nh Paris.
Ngy 3-5-1973, Thng v Qun u Trung ng lm vic vi cc ng ch
Qun u Min: Hong Vn Thi, Trn Vn Tr, Trn Lng, Nguyn Minh
ng, V Vn Kit. Ngi nh qut vi mu hng s 28 ph Ca ng hm y
si ng khc thng. Thi Php, ni y l t dinh ca vin tng thc dn,
tng ch huy qun i Php min Bc ng Dng, nay l nh khch B Quc
phng.
Cc anh Vn Tin Dng, Song Ho, L Quang o, Trn Qu Hai cng ti n
tip cc anh ht sc nng nhit. Tnh cm ng ch, ng i, tnh cm hu
phng n bn chin u t tin tuyn tr v tht m , thn thit.
Chng ti vui mng thy cc anh kho mnh. Chng ti hi thm sc kho cc
anh ang li lnh o, ch huy chin u min Nam.
32
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Sau nhng pht tm tnh, i b phn thi gian dnh cho vic trao i tnh hnh
Nam B.
Thay mt on, anh Hong Vn Thi bo co v nhng thng li to ln c
ngha chin lc trn chin trng B2. Bn bo co c cc anh trong on
bn bc thng nht. V nguyn nhn thng li, anh Thi khng nh mt trong
nhng yu t to nn thng li l Trung ng, Qun u Trung ng h quyt
tm sm, xc nh phng hng tc chin ng, nht l ch o phng chm,
phng thc nh ph "bnh nh" ca ch.
Tuy nhin, do tng quan lc lng gia ch v ta, nhng thng li cn hn
ch. ch cn c nhng mt mnh nht nh. Ta cng cn c nhng khuyt
im, nhc im cha khc phc c ngay! "K hoch thi c" (5) ca ta tuy
bc u thu thng li, nhng cha vng chc, ch cng c phng, dn
b km kp khng bung ra c. ch cn hn ta c v qun s v trang b.
Ring B2, so snh qun s l 1, ch 2,5.
Bn cht phn ng v ngoan c ca ch l r. Do kh nng thnh lp chnh
ph lin hip ba thnh phn, thc hin ho bnh, ho hp dn tc l khng d
dng. ch ang ra sc thc hin mt k hoch "bnh nh" mang s hiu
AB148 ht sc tn bo, thm c di chiu bi "ti thit nng thn". Thc cht
l nhm tiu dit c s cch mng, khng ch qun chng, ln chim vng gii
phng, "lp" vng tranh chp, ph th "da bo", khng b cc gia nh khng
chin. Mt chin dch chin tranh tm l c pht ng rm r, ni xu cch
mng, xuyn tc Hip nh Paris, phc v mu trn.
Anh Su Dn (V Vn Kit), ngi lnh o chin trng Khu IX, tip li anh
Thi. Anh nu r s cn thit v kh nng c th gi vng th lm ch mnh ti
nhng a bn trng im ca min Ty Nam B, v nhng bin php v kh
nng ca Khu IX m rng vng gii phng theo ch tiu 1,8 triu dn m Khu
u quyt ngh.
Anh Su ng (Nguyn Minh ng), bo co r tnh hnh Khu 8 v mi
quan h gia hai chin trng Khu IX v Khu 8 trong cc hot ng qun s,
chnh tr, binh vn, nh tr ch, gi t, ginh dn, pht trin lc lng cch
mng.
33
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Anh Hong Vn Thi cng bo co li vi Qun u ni dung lm vic nhng

ngy va qua vi ng ch B th th nht v nhng kin bc u ca anh
Ba, nht l d kin v nhng kh nng c th din ra trn chin trng min
Nam sp ti. R rng, t sau Hip nh Paris, min Nam chin tranh khng
din ra nh trc, nhng cng cha phi c ho bnh. Bi vy, phi lun
lun nm vng qun im cch mng bo lc v t tng chin lc tin cng,
tch cc xy dng thc lc cch mng, y mnh tin cng c v qun s, chnh
tr v php l ngoi giao. Li phi cn c vo c im v tnh cht ca tng a
phng m vn dng hnh thc tin cng no l ch yu, lm tht bi k hoch
bnh nh, ln chim ca ch, gi t, ginh dn, m rng quyn lm ch.
Kt thc cuc trao i, ti pht biu gi mt s vn cc anh suy ngh
chun b cho hi ngh B Chnh tr s hp vo thng 5. Vn ln nht l so
snh lc lng gia ta v ch sau khi qun M rt i. Nu nh hi nm 19631964, ch 5 ta 1, 1967-1968, ch 4 ta 1, th hin nay tng quan y l nh th
no? V vn ny nn nghin cu c cc mt s lng, cht lng, vt cht,
tinh thn, trong nc v quc t. Phi chng hin gi ta mnh hn ch?
V phng chm, bin php u tranh, nn pht trin hai chn, ba mi trong
tnh hnh mi nh th no? Khi c thm php l ca Hip nh Paris, th u
tranh lm sao t kt qu ti u? V xy dng lc lng, ngoi s chi vin
ca hu phng ln, kh nng ti ch ca B2 pht trin lc lng v trang a
phng v dn qun du kch, cn c ng vin p ng yu cu i ph
vi mi tnh hung. Trong tnh th ging co khng th ko di, phi c bin
php mi thch hp y mnh phong tro u tranh c nng thn v thnh
th.
Cc cuc lm vic, trao i u nhm lm sng t tnh hnh, gi v phng
hng ch trng m cha c kt lun. Nhng v i th, c s nht tr trn
nhiu vn tho lun.
Lc ny, li c thm nhng tnh hnh st do. Gp anh Trn Vn Tr, Trng
on i biu qun s Cng ho min Nam trong Ban Lin hip qun s bn
bn va ra H Ni, ti c bit thm v m mu, thi , th on ca i
phng chin trng v trn bn m phn Tri David trong sn bay Tn
Sn Nht. Anh cn cho bit ngay sau ngy k Hip nh Paris, chng tro tr
34
i tng V Nguyn Gip
nm bom vo sn bay Thin Ngn, ng vo gi v a im chng hn a

trc thng n n on i biu qun s ca Chnh ph Cch mng lm thi
Cng ho min Nam Vit Nam vo Si Gn lm vic. Nh khn ngoan, cnh
gic, on ta vn an ton. C th coi y l mt trn thng u tin ca ta trc
s phn trc hn ca M - ngu.
Mt gip mt vi k th, anh c nhng nhn nh su sc v so snh lc
lng gia ta v ch. Khng th ch thy mt s triu chng b ngoi cng vi
nhng hnh ng qun s hung hng, nhng m mu en ti ca M - ngu m
cho l chng mnh hn trc khi qun M rt i.
Vi v kh, phng tin chin tranh M va vo, ho lc ca qun ngu
c tng ln. Chng c thm xe tng M48, pho tm xa 175mm, my bay
cng kch F5E. Chng thnh lp thm cc lin on bo an c ng chin u,
nhiu tiu on cnh st d chin. Qun bo an v phng v dn s cng tng
nhiu.
Chng tn lc cng c ngu quyn t trung ng n a phng, ra sc km
kp nhn dn, nh ph c s cch mng, ln chim vng gii phng.
ng sau lng chng l lc lng qun s c ng ca M ng ti Thi Lan
v Philppin, vi 4 hng khng mu hm, 855 my bay chin thut v 173 my
bay chin lc B52.
V pha ta, lc ny cng c khng t kh khn. Sau t hot ng lin tc di
ngy, t thng 4-1972 n u nm 1973, n v no cng thiu qun s v
khng kp b sung. Lng thc, n dc cng rt thiu. Sc kho gim st.
Kh khn ch quan c nh hng khng t n t tng mun ngh ngi, o
tng thin ch ca ch. Thm ch c ni s nh tr ch l vi phm Hip
nh, ra nm cm: cm tin cng ch, cm nh qun ch ln chim, cm
vy n, cm pho kch, cm xy dng x chin u.
Mi biu hin hu khuynh, o tng u phi tr gi t.
***
Tnh hnh ngy cng sng.
Ngy 24-5-1973, B Chnh tr Trung ng ng hp m rng bn vn min
Nam. Tham d hi ngh, cn c cc anh Mi Cc, Mi Khang(6), Nm
Cng(7), Hai Mnh(8), Trn Lng, Su Dn(9), Su ng(10), Trn Hu
35
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Dc, Song Ho, Trn Qu Hai, L Trng Tn, Hong Minh Tho. Cuc hp
c chun b k t thng trc. Bo co do Qun u Trung ng v Vn
phng Trung ng ng son tho c gi n tng i biu.
M u cuc hp, ng ch B th th nht L Dun nhc li qu trnh pht trin
ca cch mng min Nam 18 nm qua, phn tch m mu c bn ca quc
M i vi min Nam trong chin lc ton cu ca chng, vch r hin nay,
mu thun ch yu ca thi i tp trung Vit Nam. Nc ta ang v tr
tuyn u ca phong tro gii phng dn tc. Linh hot, si ni, ng ch nu
bt thng li to ln ca Hip nh Paris v Vit Nam, biu dng chin cng
oanh lit ca qun v dn ta c hai min, khng nh s ng n ca ng
li cch mng sng to, c lp, t ch ca ng trong tnh hnh k ch rt xo
quyt v tnh hnh quc t phc tp. ng ch nu ln cc kh nng din bin
tnh hnh min Nam, ra cc nhim v cng tc cn trin khai ngay bao gm
tc chin chng ch ln chim, ginh dn, cng tc binh vn, cng tc mt trn,
cng tc ngoi giao, xy dng chnh quyn, cn c a, tng cng s lnh o
ca ng. ng ch gi hi ngh i su nghin cu so snh lc lng, ch
mnh, ch yu, th i ln ca ta, th tht bi, th i xung ca ch v khng
nh: "Ta c thm nhiu iu kin mi rt thun li. Cch mng nht thit
phi tin ln bng con ng bo lc. Nht nh ta s thng".
Cc anh Mi Cc, Trn Vn Tr pht biu v tnh hnh B2, ni so huyt ca
M - ngu. Anh Nm Cng bo co v chin trng Nam Trung B. Cc anh
Su Dn, Su ng nu r tnh hnh u tranh cc mt ca Khu IX, Khu 8.
Bc tranh ton cnh ca chin trng min Nam hin ln y , chn thc, vi
nhng nt chm ph tinh t hng s ch ca lnh o vo nhng gc cnh
ct t. Qua pht biu, cc anh chin trng u biu th s nht tr cao vi
nhng nhn nh v ch trng ca B Chnh tr. S gp g gia B thng soi
ti cao vi lnh o, ch huy cc mt trn to thm nim phn khi, tin tng
trong hi ngh, thp sng thm ngn uc tr tu ca c quan lnh o, soi t
con ng tin ln ca cch mng Vit Nam.
Cc ng ch trong B Chnh tr pht biu. Anh Trng Chinh nhn mnh thng
li to ln v nhng hn ch ca cuc tin cng v ni dy ng lot hi Tt
Mu Thn (1968). Lin h vi tnh hnh hin nay, cn phi rt kinh nghim c,
36
i tng V Nguyn Gip
phi tht linh hot trong ch o u tranh, khng cng nhc, nht l khi chin
tranh vn cn tip din phc tp v gay gt.
Cc anh Phm Vn ng, Nguyn Duy Trinh khng nh ta thng to, nhng
mi thng n chng , phn tch thm v ch ngha thc dn mi min
Nam, v m mu ca M - ngu, khng nh M yu hn trc. Mun
thng, ta phi dng sc mnh, dng bo lc Ni qun s, chnh tr song song l
ng, nhng lc ny phi bit ly qun s lm tr ct, lm ch da cho u
tranh chnh tr.
Si ni nht trong cc kin tho lun l vn so snh lc lng gia ch v
ta. Lc ny ta mnh hay ch mnh? Ni chung th d thng nht, nhng i vo
c th tng vng, tng mt, so snh c v th v lc, c s lng v cht lng
th ngay c mt s ng ch trc tip lnh o, ch huy chin trng cng c
kin khc nhau.
Ti nh r bo co ca anh Trn Hu Dc v tnh hnh chin trng Tr Thin, ni u sng ngn gi.
Anh va c Trung ng phi vo B4 nghin cu, nm tnh hnh. Anh cho
bit y phn vng xong, t ng xe la tr ra n bin l vng ch, t
ng xe, la v pha ty l vng ta. B i rt v vng ta cng c. Tnh
hnh n nh. Trong cuc hp, nhiu ng ch khng ng vi cch lm
nguy him nh vy.
R rng, nh gi cho ng tnh hnh khng phi l n gin. Sai mt ly, i mt
dm. Tuy nhn thc chn l phi l mt qu trnh, nhng nh gi sai thc cht
tnh hnh s a n nhng ch trng sai lm, nguy him.
Ti pht biu kin, ni thm v nhng im ch yu trong bn bo co do
Qun u Trung ng v Vn phng Trung ng son tho, c bit i su vo
nhng m mu, th on mi ca M - ngu v Vit Nam ho chin tranh. Cn
c vo nhng ti liu nguyn bn do Cc 2 Tin phng thu c ca ch nh
k hoch bnh nh cp tc t thng 3 n thng 8-1973, k hoch bnh nh 3
nm (1975-1977), k hoch 5 nm xy dng qun ngu (1974-1979), k hoch
kinh t 8 nm (1973-1980) nhm ti thit min Nam, ti nu r: M tin hnh
cuc chin tranh xm lc thc dn mi, chng buc phi dng ngu qun,
ngu quyn lm ch da.
37
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ngu mnh hay yu s tc ng c ngha quyt nh i vi ton b cc din

chin tranh. V vy, chng ang c vc ngu qun, ngu quyn dy, ra sc ph
hoi Hip nh, ginh th c li cho chng. Tuy nhin, i mt vi qun v dn
ta, chng c nhng mu thun, kh khn khng th khc phc c. Trong thi
k u ca hc thuyt Nchxn v Vit Nam ho chin tranh, qun ngu cn c
th chng nh vo ho lc ca M.
Nhng sau thi k ny, mt khi qun M rt ht, nu b nh mnh, chng s sa
st, tan r nhanh chng.
Vn l phi chng o tng, phi u tranh mnh, phn cng mnh theo kinh
nghim ca Qun khu IX, ph cc k hoch thm c ca chng, khng cho
chng cng c lc lng.
Qua mt tun l lm vic, t ti s nht tr cao, hi ngh gii p v sao t
u nm 1973 ch vn ginh c quyn ch ng tin cng, ta phi b ng
i ph, c nhng ni mt t, mt dn?
l do ta c khuyt im ch khng phi do ch mnh, do lc u ta khng
nh gi ht m mu ca ch v kh nng ca chng thc hin m mu y.
Chng ta khng c ch trng kp thi, nht qun t u v v tr, ni dung
ca tin cng qun s. ch c tin cng, ln chim, m ta th ngi im, c ni
cn rt lui. Nu c tip tc nh vy th tnh hnh s rt bt li.
Trn c s nhn nh "tnh hnh min Nam cn tri qua mt thi gian khng n
nh, c th tng i di, thc s cha c ngng bn, hnh ng chin tranh
cn tip din, cha c ho bnh thc s nhng khng phi l chin tranh ton
din, min Nam cn trong tnh trng va c ho bnh, va c chin tranh",
Hi ngh B Chnh tr ch trng: "Trong khi ch dng hnh ng qun s
nh ta, ta vn cn phi ch ng tin cng ch, kt hp u tranh qun s vi
u tranh chnh tr v php l Tin cng qun s bng phn cng ca ta l ch
ng, ch c qua m tng, bc nh bi mi hnh ng vi phm ca ch".
Ngh quyt Hi ngh B Chnh tr m rng thng 5-1973 to bc chuyn bin
mi.
Khng ai cn ngh n ngh ngi, ho hon. Cuc chin u vn cn tip din.
K ch cn "bnh nh" ln chim, ph hoi ho bnh, ta khng th lm ng.
38
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Phi bo v thnh qu cch mng ginh c bng bit bao xng mu. Hn
th na, phi pht huy th mnh, th thng, huy ng sc mnh tng hp ca
chin tranh nhn dn Vit Nam trong iu kin thun li mi, a cch mng
min Nam tin ln. Khng th dng l na chng.
Ti bn vi anh Vn Tin Dng cng ch o chun b k hoch chin lc
qun s trong giai on mi.
T thng 4-1973, mt t chc mang tn T trung tm c lp ra gip Qun
u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh trong vic ny, gm cc anh V Lng, Cc
trng, V Quang H, L Hu c, Ph Cc trng Tc chin, do anh L
Trng Tn, Ph Tng Tham mu trng trc tip ch o(11). Ngoi cng vic
thng xuyn, mi tun t tp trung hai ngy ti phng lm vic ca anh Tn.
Vi tinh thn khn trng, nghim tc, ngy 5-6-1973, T trung tm hon thnh
bn d tho cng k hoch chin lc mang s 305 TG1.
***
T tng chin lc ca ng to khp cc chin trng.
Ngh quyt ca B thng soi ti cao bin thnh hnh ng cch mng. Sau
na nm u tranh gay go quyt lit, cc cuc hnh qun ln chim, "bnh nh"
ca ch bc u b chn li. Qun ta hot ng mnh.
Thng vong ca qun ngu vt khi con s 100.000. Mt s v kh M
va vo, lt vo tay Qun gii phng.
ch va n cp va la lng.
V thng tin bo ch B Ngoi giao ta cng b cun sch trng ngy 7-51973 t co M v chnh quyn Si Gn vi phm c h thng Hip nh v
chm dt chin tranh, lp li ho bnh Vit Nam, vch r M v chnh quyn
Si Gn phi hon ton chu trch nhim i vi tnh hnh nghim trng ny.
Hip nh Paris b e do.
Anh L c Th ln ng tr li bn m phn.
Ci th ca ta chin trng cng l ci th ca cc nh ngoi giao Vit Nam
trc i phng. Trc khi i, anh Th nhiu ln trao i vi ti v anh Dng.
Qua ng ch H Quang Ho, Ph Cc trng Cc Tc chin v l tr l gip
anh Th v qun s, B Tng Tham mu cung cp u n tnh hnh qun s v
nhng nhn nh chin lc cc nh ngoi giao ca ta tham kho.
39
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Vi tr "ngoi giao con thoi", Ktxinhgi bay i bay li gia Oasinhtn v Paris,
gia Paris v Si Gn tm cch cu vn tnh th. Nchxn b m nh bi v b
bi Oatght lc ny phi ra nh sng. Hnh nh nm tay chn c lc ca
ng Cng ho chui vo t my nghe trm ti tr s ca U ban ton quc
ng Dn ch ng khu nh Oatght b bt qu tang thng 6-1972 lm tt
ngm ho quang ca chic gh tng thng Hoa K. ng ta khng cn u c
no m ngh nhiu n Vit Nam, nht l khi qun M rt i, t binh M
v nc. Tuy vy, ng ta vn phi e nt Thiu, v y li phn ng khng chu
chp nhn bn thng co chung c phc tho.
Th v thng ip li bay ti Si Gn. Theo cc ti liu tit l nm 1989, ln
ny, Nchxn thng thng e do Thiu: " Ti mun lp li rng mong mun
duy nht ca chng ti l tng cng s on kt ca ti i vi ngi. Ti
khng th tin c rng ngi s t ti vo mt v tr buc ti phi gii thch vi
nhn dn M mt l do ca vic sp cc cuc m phn, iu s dn n tc
thi vic ct t cc ngn sch cho Lo, Campuchia v sau cng cho Vit
Nam".
c phi vin ca tng thng Scl Oaithaox mi ln bay ti Si Gn, li
mang theo nhng bc th vi li l cng rn hn:
"iu ngi phi quyt nh l ch th cho i din ca ngi Paris tham gia vi
tin s Ktxinhgi trong vic k kt bn thng co vi ni dung nh hin nay,
bt chp nhng nghi ngi th yu m ngi trnh by; bng ngc li, nu
ngi t chi vic k kt, t b hip c, ngi s chu nhng hu qu tai hi khn
lng i vi s ng h ca Quc hi M".
Trong bc th cui cng, khng cn gi bng ngn ng ngoi giao, Nchxn
xng ging:
"y khng cn l vn bn ci gia nhng ngi tham gia m phn, hoc
gia cc lut s, cc chuyn gia. By gi y l vn trc in gia hai chng
ta.
S la chn ca ngi ty thuc ngi. Tin s Ktxinhgi c ch th tr v
Oasinhtn vo chiu mai. Bt c s tr hon hoc n trnh no vi bt k l do
g u khng c chp nhn".
Khng cn n c c rt, ch ci gy cng mang li kt qu.
40
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Cui cng, hai bn thng co chung v nhng bin php cn thit thi hnh
trit v nghim chnh Hip nh Paris v Vit Nam c k kt ti lu i
La Xen Xanhclu trong s cay ng ca Nguyn Vn Thiu.
***
n thi im c quan lnh o cao nht ca ng l Ban Chp hnh Trung
ng phi quyt nh nhng vn ng li chin lc c bn.
Tnh hnh, sng t thm nhiu.
B Chnh tr triu tp Hi ngh Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng ln th 21 vo
thng 6-1973, nhm khng nh ng li cch mng Vit Nam trong giai on
cui cng ca chin tranh. Qun u Trung ng c giao chun b ni dung
ca hi ngh.
Nhn lnh trch nhim trc B Chnh tr, tp th Qun u Trung ng dnh
nhiu tm lc suy ngh, nghin cu, xut, trao i kin. Mt s cn, b c
quan B Tng Tham mu, Tng cc Chnh tr, Tng cc Hu cn cng c
huy ng, trong iu kin tuyt i b mt. Ti tp trung suy ngh v cc vn
chin lc trong giai on cui ca chin tranh. Trc tip gip ti l cc ng
ch Tng Tham mu ph L Trng Tn v Cao Vn Khnh, hai ng ch tng
ch huy nh ln, hai ng i gn b lu nm trong nhiu chin dch, hai ngi
bn chin u trung thc, chn thnh.
Vic u tin ti ngh ti l mi cc ng ch trong on cn b B2 n trao i,
lm vic.
Cuc hp c t chc ngy 11-6-1973 ti "Nh con rng", ni lm vic ca
Qun u Trung ng, trn nn c ca in Knh Thin thi L, nguyn l hnh
cung ca cc vua nh Nguyn khi ra kinh l Bc H vi chn bc thm cao v
bn con rng to khc tinh vi cn nguyn vn.
Cc ng ch c trch nhim trong B Quc phng - Tng T lnh n d ng
. Mi ngi tho lun hng say, qun c ci nng u ma.
Vi thc tin chin u v b dy kinh nghim chin trng, cc anh B2 d
on sp ti, trng im bnh nh ca ch s l ng bng sng Cu Long.
Nhim v hng u B2 l kin quyt nh bi cc cuc hnh qun ln chim
ca ch, gi vng vng gii phng, vng tranh chp v cc cn c "lm" trong
41
i tng V Nguyn Gip
vng su, m rng din tranh chp, ginh li dn, m thm din lm ch, tng
bc m thm din gii phng nhng ni c iu kin.
Mun vy, phi xy dng lc lng mnh, tng lc lng a phng ln gp
i, bo m qun s chin u ca b i ch lc, tng kh nng c ng v
sc t ph ca b i trong chin u tin cng. Mc tiu ra l t ph h
thng phng ng ca ch c trung on, tiu dit chin on hoc s on ch
trong tc chin vn ng.
Ti chm ch lng nghe tt c cc kin. Trong u le ln nhng g cn suy
ngh xut vi Trung ng. Cng vi B Tng Tham mu v Tng cc
Hu cn, ti gii quyt cc yu cu ca chin trng B2, trc mt b sung
ngay 17.000 qun chin u. y l mt c gng rt ln ca hu phng min
Bc, ca cc ng b, chnh quyn v c quan t chc ng vn cc cp v ti
bit rt r, t nm 1964 n nm 1973, hu phng ln chi vin ht mnh.
Ch ring cc tnh thuc Qun khu T ngn sng Hng, chi vin cho cc
chin trng min Nam 560.000 qun. Tuy vy, trc thi c ln ang xut
hin, vn phi kin quyt chi vin chin trng.
Ti gi nn ph bin rng ri kinh nghim ca Qun khu IX, tch cc lm
cng tc t tng chng ho bnh ch ngha, chng o tng, m h, nng cao
tinh thn cnh gic i vi m mu, th on xo quyt ca k th. Cng phi
dn dn huy ng lc lng ti ch b sung cho b i ch lc v ra sc pht
trin dn qun du kch. V cch nh, ngoi tin cng tiu dit c im, chi khu,
qun l, nn ch trng dng c cng nh vo cc s ch huy, sn bay, bn
cng, cc cn c hu cn.
***
Sau cuc hp, ti tranh th nghe bo co ca cc cc thuc B Tng Tham
mu, T trung tm, cc ng ch B Ngoi giao, cc ng ch trong Ban lin
hp qun s bn bn ra Bc hp.
Cc ngun tin cho bit: Qua cuc ving thm Si Gn ca Ph Tng thng M
cniu cui thng 1-1973, M c xoa du Thiu cho cn ht hong. iu
ng ch l M khng h cng khai hoc p m ha hn g vi Thiu, ngoi
hai k hoch "Tng cng" v "Tng cng cng" v kh, phng tin chin
tranh vo min Nam. Sau cuc ving thm M thng 3-1973, Thiu cng khng
42
i tng V Nguyn Gip
hy vng c g thm ngoi mt li ha sung ti Xan Klaimn: "Ngi c th

trng cy vo chng ti".
Lc ny, v Oatght r ln. Nchxn vo th b ng, lng tng. Nc
M mun qun i cuc chin tranh Vit Nam, mun qun lun c ngu quyn
Nguyn Vn Thiu. c nhng rn nt gia Ktxinhgi v Thiu, gia
Nchxn v Thiu, gia Quc hi M v ch Si Gn. Thiu lo lng thc s
v kh nng s b M b ri.
Tm trng ngi dn Si Gn cng kh phc tp.
Ngu qun, ngu quyn v gia nh h lo lng, hoang mang khi cc s quan v
chin s "Vit cng" xut hin trn ng ph. C ngi phng on "Vit
cng" s n tip qun Si Gn mt khi ngi M ra i!
Qun M rt ht. Ph x khng cn cnh no lon nh trc. Sn bay Tn
Sn Nht bt m o, khng cn my phi v ca my bay qun s M. Gii
bun bn nui tic thi lm n "ht bc" hi qun M cn y.
V lnh ngu khng cn i lm cho M, nh giy hoc bn thuc l rong
quanh cc tri lnh M. Go lc tnh khng v Si Gn nhiu nh trc. Hng
nhp khu b ct gim. Nn tht nghip lan trn. ng tin ph gi rt nhanh.
Gi c tng vt. Nn tham nhng khng tr mt cp no. Trong qun i,
l nn "lnh ma", "lnh king". Bt c ai c chc, c quyn u tranh th v vt
"chp git" tnh chuyn mai sau.
tn ti, ngu quyn ra sc bt lnh, n qun.
Tnh hnh y cng lm cho ngi dn hoang mang, lo lng. Cng y qun i
ln chim, gii to cc ng giao thng, s thng vong ca qun ngu li
cng cao.
Ci "da bo" trn bn min Nam Vit Nam l mi e do ngy m i vi
Nguyn Vn Thiu.
Tnh hnh trn cc chin trng bc u c chuyn bin tch cc. Nhiu ni
kin quyt nh tr ch, tm ra cch nh thch hp, tng bc ginh li th
ch ng. Tuy vy, chuyn bin cn cha u khp. Nhng nhn thc, t tng
lch lc v hnh ng tiu cc khng d khc phc trong mt sm mt chiu.
V xy dng lc lng min Nam, ta cn phi nhanh chng gii quyt tnh
trng mt cn i gia b i ch lc v b i a phng, gia lc lng v
43
i tng V Nguyn Gip
trang tp trung v dn qun du kch. S lng ca lc lng v trang qun

chng b tiu hao, nht l vng ng bng. Sc chin u ca b i ch lc
cha nng ln c nh u nm 1972. Vic trin khai xy dng c s xy
dng th ng ca cc vng cn rt chm; vic xy dng kinh t, tng gia sn
xut cha gii quyt c kh khn v lng thc, nht l min ng Nam
B v ng bng Khu 5.
nh gi tnh hnh qun ngu, c th thy ch mnh ca chng l qun s cn
ng, li c M tip tc vin tr v qun s, kinh t; lc lng a phng v
lc lng hu b c chng ra sc cng c, h thng phng ng v km kp
c s gy cho ta tn tht; chng cn kim sot c nhng thnh th v a bn
ng dn, nhiu ca, c th khai thc c nhn, ti, vt lc ti ch, cn kim
sot c nhiu trc ng giao thng quan trng.
Ngc li, ngu qun, ngu quyn Si Gn c nhng ch yu rt nghim trng.
Ni b chng y mu thun.
Phong tro u tranh ca nhn dn chng M - ngu tng ln. Sau khi na triu
qun M v qun cc nc ph thuc M rt i, tinh thn ngu qun ngu
quyn sa st, ru r. Sc chin u ca qun ngu v thc cht gim i r rt.
Nu nm 1971, khi ln chim vng U Minh, ch ch dng 30 tiu on lm
cho ta phi i ph vt v, th nm nay, khi nh vo tm x thuc Chng
Thin (Khu IX), ch tp trung 25 tiu on, tng ln 50 tiu on, ri 75 tiu
on m vn tht bi.
Nhn tng qut, ton din, t sau Hip nh Paris, ngoi tr nhng tn tht lc
u, ta mnh ln nhiu c v th v lc. Vn c bn t ra l phi kin
quyt kt hp u tranh v trang vi u tranh chnh tr, php l, ngoi giao,
binh vn, tng bc nh bi mi hnh ng ph hoi Hip nh Paris, lm thay
i so snh lc lng c li cho ta, buc ch phi chp nhn ho bnh v thng
chng trong ho bnh, ng thi sn sng nh thng chng nu chng gy li
chin tranh.
Trong qu trnh chun b Hi ngh Trung ng, chng ti tho lun cc vn
xy dng lc lng min Bc, min Nam, cch nh tiu dit sinh lc qun
ngu lm chuyn bin cc din chin trng. Ti ch th cho B Tng Tham
mu khn trng lp cc qun on, nhng "qu m ch lc" sn sng s dng
44
i tng V Nguyn Gip
thi im quyt nh, nghin cu phng thc tc chin theo hng tiu dit
chi khu, qun l, chin on, l on ch i ng cu, tiu dit s on ch.
V chng ph "bnh nh", kinh nghim ca ng bng sng Cu Long, nht l
kinh nghim ca Khu IX, chng t qun v dn ta hon ton c kh nng lm
tht bi m mu chin lc ny ca ch. Ti yu cu B Tng tham mu tch
cc nghin cu vn ny, c bit ch phng chm, phng thc nh
ch, bm t bm dn, phi hp cc lc lng ch ng kin quyt nh tr
ch. Qun u Trung ng v B Tng Tham mu nghe anh L c Anh t
chin trng ra bo co tnh hnh Khu IX v Khu 8. Lp trng kin quyt cnh
gic ca ng u v B T lnh Khu IX mang li thng li ngay t u.
Kinh qua u tranh, cng linh hot, sng to, thng li cng ln. Cc anh Vn
Tin Dng, L Trng Tn trc tip ch o Cc Tc chin v Cc Dn qun
phi hp chun b mt hi ngh chuyn s triu tp vo cui nm.
***
S chun b cng phu ca Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh tin hnh
khn trng, b mt sut hai thng tri. Mt bn bo co c hon thnh. y
l ni dung kin trung tm trong Hi ngh Trung ng ln th 21 khai mc
vo cui thng 6-1973.
Hi ngh hp t u trong mt tun l.
Cc ng ch u vin Trung ng v d kh ng . Bo co ca Qun u
Trung ng phn tch k tnh hnh ch, ta min Nam, tnh hnh chin trng
su thng sau khi c Hip nh Paris, bi cnh quc t phc tp hi by gi, m
mu, th on ca chnh quyn Nchxn v ngu quyn Nguyn Vn Thiu,
nh gi so snh lc lng trn chin trng v trong c nc, ch mnh, ch
yu ca ch, ca ta, kh nng ca M - ngu, v nhng tnh hung chin lc
c th xv ra. Bn bo co cng xut vi Ban Chp hnh Trung ng nhng
kin ngh v phng hng, ch trng v k hoch hot ng min Nam
trong thi gian ti nhm y mnh u tranh vng tm b chim v vng tranh
chp, xy dng lc lng, cng c vng gii phng.
Sau khi nghe bo co, ng ch B th th nht L Dun pht biu kin, nu r
quyt nh ca B Chnh tr triu tp Hi ngh Trung ng ang ln ny nhm
nh gi tnh hnh t sau Hip nh Paris, nh gi so snh lc lng, ch mnh
45
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ch yu ca ta v ch, lm c s xc nh phng chm, phng thc u

tranh, a cch mng n thng li mi. Vi nhn quan chin lc sc so anh
Ba im li tnh hnh cuc u tranh ca ng bo v chin s min Nam t khi
c Ngh quyt Hi ngh Trung ng ln th 15 (1959) n lc ny, khng nh
thng li ca ta c ngha rt to ln.
Ging ni min Trung ca anh tht nhit tnh, si ni. Anh nu r: Sau Hip
nh Paris, tuy M vn cn dnh lu, ch cn c nhng ch mnh, nhng nhng
ch mnh nm trong th tht bi, th i xung. Trc m mu ca M ngu cng khai, trng trn ph hoi Hip nh, tip tc chin tranh th cch
mng min Nam nht nh phi tin ln bng con ng bo lc.
Chin lc ca ta l chin lc tin cng. Vn qun s phi t ln hng u.
u tranh chnh tr lc ny phi kt hp vi u tranh qun s, binh vn v php
l ginh dn, ginh quyn lm ch. Anh Ba gi mt s vn tho lun v
yu cu cc u vin Trung ng cao trch nhim ng gp kin v quyt
ngh.
Ti pht biu nhn mnh s chuyn bin v so snh lc lng ta - ch, kinh
nghim ca trn nh chim li cng Ca Vit (Qung Tr) v ca Qun khu IX,
kin quyt nh tr ch, kin quyt chng ph "bnh nh", chng o tng ho
bnh. i su vo bn cht cuc chin tranh xm lc thc dn mi ca M, ti
nu r M "Vit Nam ho chin tranh", buc phi dng ngu qun, ngu quyn
lm ch da. y l mt sai lm ln ca M. Ngu mnh hay yu s tc ng
c ngha quyt nh i vi ton b cc din chin tranh Vit Nam, nht l
sau khi M rt qun. Trong thi k u qun ngu cn c th chng nh
vo ho lc ca M. Nhng cng v sau, b ta nh mnh, chng s bc l nhiu
nhc im, kh khn khng th khc phc c v s tan r nhanh chng.
Cc anh Trng Chinh, Phm Vn ng, Nguyn Duy Trinh, Hong Quc
Vit, Vn Tin Dng, L Thanh Ngh, L Vn Lng, T Hu nu ln nhng
vn c tm chin lc v chnh tr, qun s, ngoi giao, trong nc v trn
th gii. Cc anh lnh o chl huy cc chin trng: Anh Mi Cc, anh Tr,
anh Nm Cng, anh Trn Hu Dc, anh Su Dn, anh Su ng ng gp
nhiu kinh nghim thc tin, xut nhiu sng kin v phng thc v bin
php u tranh.
46
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Hi ngh Trung ng din ra trong nhiu ngy. Tinh thn dn ch c nu cao.

Cc ng ch u vin Trung ng pht huy tinh thn trch nhim, tho lun k
tt c mi vn ng li, chin lc ca cch mng min Nam, nhim v ca
hu phng ln min Bc, ng li quc t vn on kt Vit Nam - Lo Campuchia, cng tc xy dng lc lng, u tranh ginh dn, ginh quyn lm
ch, cng tc binh vn, cng tc th, cng tc vng gii phng, cng tc mt
trn, cng tc ngoi giao, cng tc xy dng ng. Cc kin u c trnh
by y , c h thng, tranh lun, pht biu nhiu ln, khng hn ch thi
gian.
V nh gi so snh lc lng, Hi ngh nht tr vi kin chun b ca Qun
u Trung ng v B Tng T lnh l th v lc ca cch mng min Nam lc
ny mnh hn bt c thi k no t nm 1954 n nay. Khi M rt i, ta
cng mnh. T ch nh gi nh vy, Hi ngh ch r thi c chin lc s n.
V cc kh nng pht trin ca tnh hnh, Hi ngh d kin c th pht trin theo
hai kh nng:
- Mt l, ta u tranh tch cc, buc ch phi tng bc thi hnh Hip nh
Paris, tnh hnh min Nam n nh, ho bnh c tht s lp li. Cuc u
tranh ca nhn dn ta tuy cn lu di, gian kh, nhng s tin ln mnh m.
Hai l, M - ngu ngoan c ph hoi Hip nh, xung t qun s c th tng
cng , chin tranh quy m ngy cng ln. Ta phi tin hnh chin tranh cch
mng gay go quyt lit ginh thng li hon ton.
Kh nng th nht c t, nhng cn tranh th thc hin, ng thi chun b sn
sng i ph vi kh nng th hai.
Qua tho lun, mi ngi u nht tr: Nhim v c bn ca cch mng min
Nam trong giai on mi l on kt ton dn, tip tc thc hin chin lc
cch mng dn tc dn ch nhn dn. D tnh hnh pht trin theo kh nng no,
cch mng ch c th thng li bng con ng bo lc cch mng. Bt k trong
tnh hung no ta cng phi nm vng thi c, gi vng chin lc tin cng v
ch o linh hot ginh thng li. Trc mt, phi nm vng lc lng v
trang, cng c, pht trin v tng cng ba th qun tht mnh, khc phc tnh
trng mt cn i. B tr lc lng phi to th cng ko ch, khng cho
chng ln chim tng khu vc. Phi coi vn ginh dn, ginh quyn lm
47
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ch, pht trin thc lc ca cch mng l yu cu va bc thit va c bn

trong giai on mi.
Ngy 6-7-1973, ng ch B th th nht kt lun hi ngh. ng ch nu r s
nht tr cao ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng v quyt tm gii phng min Nam.
Vit Nam s khng nh Triu Tin, ng c. y l mt quyt tm rt ln, c
ngha lch s v quc t. Vi ng li cch mng ng n, vi phng php
cch mng kt hp qun s, chnh tr, ngoi giao ng vin c nc v min
Nam rut tht, nht nh chng ta s thc hin c. Tinh thn ct li ca Hi
ngh Trung ng ln ny l cch mng min Nam phai tip tc tin ln bng con
ng bo lc cch mng. Chng ta lun lun ging cao ngn c ho bnh,
chnh ngha, u tranh buc ch phi thi hnh Hip nh Paris thng ch.
Nhng nu ch ngoan c tip tc chin tranh th ta phi tin hnh chin tranh
cch mng, gii phng hon ton min Nam, thng nht nc nh.
Hng i ln ca cch mng min Nam r rng.
Ni dung Ngh quyt Hi ngh Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ln th 21 hnh
thnh t Hi ngh B Chnh tr m rng thng 5-1973, tip tng bc hon
chnh qua nhiu ln tho lun v kho nghim. Ti cng anh V Tun, Chnh
Vn phng Trung ng ng tng hp, chnh l, lm vic sut my tun lin,
cn nhc tng cu tng ch. Cui cng, Ngh quyt c Hi ngh ton th Ban
Chp hnh Trung ng ng nht tr thng qua ngy 4-10-1973, khng nh:
"Con ng cch mng ca min Nam l con ng bo lc cch mng. Bt k
trong tnh hnh no ta cng phi nm vng thi c, gi vng ng li chin
lc tin cng".
***
Trong thi gian ny, theo ch th ca B Tng t lnh, T trung tm khn trng
nghin cu, chnh l, b sung bn d tho " cng k hoch chin lc" u
tin. Cn bit bao vn t ra suy ngh, tm phng n ti u ginh
thng li. Da vo kin ca ng ch B th th nht trong nhng ngy chun
b Hi ngh Trung ng ln th 21, thng nhn mnh kh nng pht ng tng
khi ngha kt hp vi tng cng kch, ly a bn ch yu l thnh th gii
phng min Nam, ngy 16-7-1973, bn d tho ln th hai vi u "
48
i tng V Nguyn Gip
cng nghin cu k hoch tng cng kch, tng khi ngha min Nam"
c trnh ln.
Tuy c th hn, nhng cng ln ny vn cn nhiu im ln phi tip tc
nghin cu trao i. T trung tm li phi tip tc lm vic v mt thng sau,
ngy 15-8-1973, hon tt bn d tho ln th ba nu ln nhng c im ca
cuc tng khi ngha sp din ra, d kin tnh hung dn n tng khi ngha v
thi c tng khi ngha, ra cc bin php pht huy sc mnh tng hp chnh
tr - qun s ca ta tin hnh tng khi ngha, tng cng kch, ly pht ng
qun chng tng khi ngha lm khu ch yu nht, trng im s 1 l Si Gn.
Thi c n gn. Nhng ginh thng li bng cch no, l iu khng n
gin.
Ti ch th T trung tm su tm, bo co kinh nghim kt thc cuc chin tranh
gi nc v i ca nhn dn Lin X, cuc chin tranh gii phng ca nhn
dn Trung Quc, v giai on cui cng ca mt s cuc chin tranh khc. Ti
Qun khu b Qun khu III, ti trc tip nghe anh Hong Minh Tho bo co v
kinh nghim Lin X. Do quy m chin tranh hin i, nn t sau cuc phn
cng Stalingrt v trn quyt chin vng cung Cucxc, qun i X vit
cng qun i cc nc ng Minh m nhng chin dch rng ln, nhanh
chng kt thc chin tranh. Ti cng nghe ng ch Hong Minh Phng bo
co v cch nh ca qun i Trung Quc trong giai on cui cng. y,
Qun giai phng t nh thnh ph, thin v vy thnh dit vin, nh cc khu
vc xung quanh. Tuy vy, cng nh Lin X, Trung Quc vn phi nh
nhng trn tiu dit chin ln v nh vo thnh ph. Lin h vi tnh hnh
min Nam nc ta, ti thy khng th t tng khi ngha ln u, m tt yu
phi c nhng trn tin cng ln, tiu dit mt b phn quan trng sinh lc ca
ch, to iu kin nh vo thnh ph, vo so huyt ch yu ca ch kt hp
cht ch vi ni dy ca qun chng kt thc chin tranh, ginh ton thng.
Nhiu ln, ti trao i vn ny vi ng ch B th th nht.
Cui cng, anh Ba ng phi pht huy, phi hp c ba qu m mnh l nng
thn, thnh th v ch lc, thc hin tng cng kch, tng khi ngha ginh
thng li.
49
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ti yu cu T trung tm tip tc nghin cu hon chnh cng k hoch

chin lc theo phng hng Mt ln na, nhng b c tham mu dn dy
kinh nghim li phi lm vic khng k ngy m.
***
Ngy 12-9-1973, nhn dn ta nng nhit n ng ch Phien Caxtr, Th
tng Chnh ph Cng ho Cuba sang thm Vit Nam. B Tng tham mu t
chc a Phien vo thm Qung Bnh, Vnh Linh v vng gii phng Qung
Tr.
Ti hai ln n tuyn la ny u nm 1973 trong hai chuyn i th st vng
Ca Vit, Khe Sanh, Bn ng, n Lm Bm, sng T L, qua dc
Phulanhch, i d Hi ngh tng kt chin dch ng s 9-Nam Lo v t k
hoch cng c vng gii phng. Cnh tn ph do bom n M gy ra, cnh x
xc, hoang tn ca Cn Tin, Dc Miu, Qun Ngang, i 241 khin Phien
ht sc xc ng v cm phc. Ni y bit bao cn b, chin s v nhn dn
ng xung trong cc t tin cng v phn cng chin lc nm 1971-1972, lm
nn nhng chin cng bt t dit M, dit ngu, to th, to lc a khng
chin cu nc n thng li.
Lc ny, bng ti ca qun xm lc b y li.
Di nh sng ca cch mng, mm mng ca cuc sng mi bt u ny n.
Tr s Chnh ph Cch mng lm thi Cng ho min Nam Vit Nam t gn
ng H, cnh ng s 9 vi nhng ngi nh g lp ghp, mi tn, trn vn,
nhng khng km v khang trang.
L c na , na xanh vi nm cnh sao vng bay hin ngang trc gi.
Tnh hnh cha n nh. Vi tc phong khn trng, b mt nh khi xung trn
Mncaa nm xa, v nguyn th quc gia u tin n thm vng gii phng
min Nam vi khu sng ngn bn mnh. Thot n thot hin, Phien say sa
thm ht ni ny n ni khc, vt ln mi nghi thc ngoi giao; c khi mt
m i ch ti my ln, ch chp mt vi mi pht trn nhng chic ging
di qu c.
Khi n thm th trn ng H, con ngi cch mng tiu biu ca chu M
Latinh ni ln suy ngh ca mnh: "Tp on c im ny b nh trong mt
thi gian c my ngy. Lm c nh vy trong hon cnh phi chu ng
50
i tng V Nguyn Gip
nhng cuc nm bom v s khng ch trn khng ca lc lng khng qun

M, tht l mt chin cng kh c th tng tng c".
Thc tin chin trng chinh phc bao tri tim bu bn. Ch ngha anh hng
cch mng v ngh thut qun s Vit Nam nht nh s bin ngh quyt ca
ng thnh thng li huy hong.
***
Sau Hi ngh Trung ng, bit bao vn c t ra. Qun u Trung ng
lm vic lin tc nhiu ngy bn vic xy dng cc qun on ch lc, cng tc
cn b, k hoch nng cao ton din cht lng ca lc lng v trang p ng
kp vi tnh hnh. Thy trc kh nng tc chin quy m ln trong tng lai
gn, Qun u quyt nh c mt on cn b qun s sang hc mt lp b tc
v tc chin binh chng hp thnh ti Hc vin Vrsilp Mtxcva. Trng
on l thiu tng Nguyn Hu An, ph on l i t L Hu c.
Ti tranh th gp anh Nguyn Cn, anh Mi trao i v kt hp kinh t vi
quc phng, huy ng lc lng, tuyn qun, v qun i tham gia xy dng
kinh t min Bc v vng gii phng min Nam. Hi ng Chnh ph ph
chun k hoch ca B Quc phng xy dng thm v m rng ng Trng
Sn, bao gm vic cng c tuyn Ty Trng Sn v xy dng mi tuyn ng
Trng Sn. Lc lng cng binh on 559 v c ngnh giao thng vn ti ca
min Bc c huy ng lm ng chin lc.
Ngy 15-11-1973, ng ch B th th nht L Dun gi th cho Trung ng
Cc min Nam, Khu u Khu 5, Khu u Tr - Thin, ng gi ng u Ty
Nguyn. Bc th nu r hai kh nng pht trin ca tnh hnh min Nam, v
nhn mnh: "Tnh hnh pht trin theo kh nng no u ty thuc vo thc lc
v s i ph ca ta, v iu quyt nh trc ht l ta phi nhn r cch mng
min Nam ch c th ginh c thng li bng con ng cch mng khng
ngng, bng bo lc, da vo sc mnh chnh tr v sc mnh v trang ca nhn
dn, tn dng v pht huy nhng nhn t mi, thun li mi do Hip nh Paris
a li. l tinh thn c bn ca Ngh quyt 21"(12).
Theo ch th ca Ban B th v Thng trc Qun u Trung ng, Tng cc
Chnh tr trin khai qun trit Ngh quyt 21 trong ton qun. Mt hi ngh cn
51
i tng V Nguyn Gip
b cp cao t Qun khu IV tr ra c triu tp ti hi trng Tng cc Chnh

tr ngay gia thnh H Ni.
Ti dnh trn mt ngy ph bin tinh thn ca ban Ngh quyt lch s.
Khi qut tnh hnh t lc bt u nh M cho n lc k Hip nh Paris, ti
nu r thng li to ln ca qun v dn ta ln lt nh bi chin lc "chin
tranh c bit", "chin tranh cc b" ca quc M.
Bng mt n sm st bt ng ging trng phn ln cc trung tm u no chin
tranh ca M - ngu gia Tt Mu Thn (1968), chng ta y qun th vo
th khng hoang chin lc ht sc trm trng. Chng khng th tip tc leo
thang na m bt u phi tng bc xung thang chin tranh v phi ngi vo
bn m phn. Chng phi b ng thay i chin lc, "phi M ho chin
tranh" ri "Vit Nam ho chin tranh", mt chin lc m ngay t khi mi xut
hin bc l nhng yu t tht bi, ph sn khng th trnh khi.
Nhng n lc phi thng y s tch anh hng, sng to ca qun v dn c
nc ta nh bi ch xm lc ca M, buc chng phi k Hip nh
Paris. Sau 18 nm chng M, cu nc, ta ginh c thng li v i: my
chc vn qun M v qun ch hu phi rt khi min Nam, cn lc lng v
trang v lc lng chnh tr ca ta min Nam vn tip tc duy tr v pht trin.
Do , so snh lc lng ch - ta trn chin trng thay i ln c li cho ta.
Nhn chung trong c nc, ta mnh hn ln c th v lc. y l nhn t ch
yu khng nh thi c lch s ti gn.
Ln ny, Hi ngh Trung ng ra ngh quyt khng nh con ng cch
mng min Nam vn l con ng bo lc cch mng, t tng chin lc vn
l t tng, tin cng, tuyt i khng th m h, o tng.
Phng hng hnh ng ca ton ng, ton dn v ton qun ta l phi ra sc
nhanh chng to th mi, lc mi, quyt tin ln ginh thng li cui cng, gii
phng min Nam, thng nht t nc.
Kt thc bi ni, ti yu cu B Tng Tham mu khn trng nghin cu
phng n tc chin tiu dit s on qun ngu, phng n tin cng tiu dit
tiu on ch trong cng s kt hp vi l on ch chi vin ng bng,
khn trng t chc hun luyn ngay cc binh on chin lc, cc binh chng
k thut theo phng n tc chin mi. Ti cng yu cu Tng cc Chnh tr,
52
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Tng cc Hu cn, Tng cc K thut nhanh chng xy dng, hon chnh k

hoch cng tc chun b v cng tc bo m cc mt, p ng kp thi yu cu
ca chin tranh.
Nh mt lung gi mi, Ngh quyt Trung ng ln th 21 n vi cc chin
trng. ng bo, chin s c nc si ni hng ng. Lnh o v qun chng
chung mt ch tin cng. L lun cch mng v thc tin cch mng c li
thnh nh sng soi ng, bin thnh hnh ng cch mng si ni, khn trng
khp t tin tuyn n hu phng, thnh sc mnh v ch.
Trn chin trng min Nam, qun v dn ta chng tr ch quyt lit, chn
ng c phn ln cc cuc "bnh nh" ln chim ca chng. Tr - Thin, ta
khi phc li th ng trc ngy k Hip nh Paris. Khu 5, ta ginh li cc
vng ch ln chim. Ty Nguyn, ta m thm c nhiu khu vc Trung
Ngha (Kon Tum) v Ch Ngh (Pleiku). min ng Nam B, ta nh mnh,
gii phng thm vng Kin c - B Bng, gii phng hnh lang ni lin Nam
B vi Ty Nguyn. Khu 8, ta lm ch mt s vng nam, bc ng s 4.
Khu IX ngay t u ta kp thi tin cng v phn cng, nn khng nhng
gi vng c hnh thi ch - ta trc ngy 27-1-1973, m cn gii phng
thm nhiu a bn quan trng.
Hu phng ln dc sc ngi, sc ca ra tin tuyn, qun s cc n v Qun
gii phng c b sung.
Nhiu binh chng k thut ti chin trng. ng vn chuyn chin lc
Trng Sn c m rng, ni di. Hng chc vn tn v kh, n dc, xng
du ti tp vo chin trng. Sc mnh ca chin tranh nhn dn min Nam
tng gp bi. Thi gian ang ng h chng ta.
***
Trn mi chng ng ca cuc u tranh, ti thao lc ca ng ta lun lun
l nhn t quyt nh thng li. Nh nh gi ng tnh hnh, d kin ng thi
c, ch ng v kin quyt hnh ng, ng huy ng sc mnh tng hp
ca ton dn to nn th v lc mi, ginh thng li tng bc, tin ln ginh
thng li hon ton.
Trong khng chin chng M, cu nc, nu nh Ngh quyt 15 (kho II) nm
1959 vch ra ng li cho cch mng min Nam, Ngh quyt 12 (kho III)
53
i tng V Nguyn Gip
nm 1966 nu ln phng hng c bn thc hin nhim v lch s:

"nh cho M ct", th Ngh quyt 21 (kho III) nm 1973 ch ra con ng
i ti hon thnh nhim v lch s tip theo: "nh cho ngu nho", nh Bc
H sm ch ra mt cch ht sc thn tnh t ma xun 1969.
Mt chng ng lch s m ra. nh ho quang chin thng lp lnh chn
tri. Tng lai huy hong ca dn tc ang pha trc.
54
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ch thch:
(1) Mt ng quy c dng trong in thoi hu tuyn. ni phi s dng b i
tng, thit gip hi do ng ch o huy V lm T lnh, "lin hoan" l phi
hp tin cng. "Nhng a con kho mnh nht" l xe tng T54 m qun ngu
rt s. o Dng l Ch huy trng lc lng phng th Ca Vit.
(2) Lc ny, anh Tn l T lnh chin dch Qung Tr, anh Song Ho l Chnh
u, anh Khnh l Ph T lnh. Anh ng S Nguyn l T lnh, anh Hong Th
Thin l Chnh u on 559. Anh V Xun Chim l Ph Ch nhim Tng cc
Hu cn. Anh Quang Trung v Phan Vn ng l T lnh v Ph Chnh u
Qun khu IV. Anh Thanh (tc Thanh Qung) l Ph Chnh u mt trn Tr Thin.
(3) Nam B v cc Nam Trung B.
(4) ng ch Nguyn Vn Linh.
(5) Cui nm 1972 sang u nm 1973. B Tng t lnh ch o cc chin
trng min Nam nh mnh: tiu dit, bc hng bc rt hng trm n bt,
m thm nhiu mng, nhiu vng, ginh quyn lm ch trn nhiu a bn quan
trng. K hoch c gi l "K hoch thi c".
(6) ng ch Hong Vn Thi.
(7) ng ch V Ch Cng.
(8) ng ch Chu Huy Mn.
(9) ng ch V Vn Kit.
(10) ng ch Nguyn Minh ng.
(11) T u nm 1974, c anh Hong Vn Thi, Ph Tng Tham mu trng
th nht trc tip ch o.
(12) L Dun: Th vo Nam. Nh xut bn S tht. H Ni. 1985, tr. 333-334.
55
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Chng 3
K HOCH C BN V K HOCH THI C
Gn n Tt Gip Dn (1974), tnh hnh min Nam si ng. Ngh quyt Trung
ng thm dn n c s.
Ti lm vic vi cc ng ch L Ngc Hin, Ph Tng Tham mu trng, V
Lng, V Quang H, Cc trng v Ph Cc trng Cc Tc chin. Lc ny,
anh L Trng Tn c c vo Khu 5 gip qun khu trin khai thc hin Ngh
quyt 21 v mt qun s. Tnh hnh chin s min Nam t Tr - Thin, Khu 5,
Ty Nguyn n ng bng sng Cu Long ang chuyn bin c li cho ta.
Chng ti trao i v phng hng tc chin hai nm 1974, 1975 vi tc
pht trin ngy cng nhanh ca chin trng, chun b tng cho Khu 8 v Khu
IX thm mt vn qun v 3.000 tn v kh, hun luyn nng cao cht lng
chin u ca b i v nng lc ch huy ca cn b cc cp, tch cc vn
chuyn chin lc cho min Nam, d kin k hoch thi c
Ngy 30-1-1974, B Chnh tr hp m rng bn k hoch nm bt thi c y
mnh cch mng min Nam.
Tham d hi ngh cn c cc ng ch trong Qun y Trung ng, cc ng ch
lnh o B2, ng ch V Ch Cng v ng ch Hong Minh Tho.
Thay mt Qun u, ti bo co tnh hnh qun s, chnh tr, nh gi s chuyn
bin ngy cng c li trn cc chin trng, ngh ch trng phi hp u
tranh ton din v phng hng tc chin cho n nm 1975. Tip anh Nm
Cng trnh by c th tnh hnh Khu 5, nu nhng vn cn gii quyt nh
chng ch ng bt, ln di, nh r v nh tiu dit, pht ng qun chng,
ng bo Cng gio, Pht gio cng lc lng th ba u tranh lm suy yu b
my km kp ca ch. Anh Trn bo co tnh hnh chin trng Nam B, s
chuyn bin r nhng cn chm t thng 8-1973 n lc ny, nhn xt c kh
nng M phi chu thua. Anh Phm Vn ng nu kin cn tm ra nhng
"points critiques"(1) to chuyn bin nhanh hn. Anh Hong Vn Thi cho
56
i tng V Nguyn Gip
rng tnh hnh chin trng ang c bc i ln, cch nh qun ngu cn to
bt ng, dit n bt, qun l, chi khu, kt hp qun s, chnh tr, binh vn
chng ph bnh nh.
Cc anh trong B Chnh tr pht biu, thng nht kin v nh gi tnh hnh,
ra nhiu bin php y mnh u tranh qun s, chnh tr, ngoi giao.
Kt lun hi ngh, anh Ba nu r th cn bng trong tnh hnh th gii, khi
khng ai c th gi v tr b quyn th M mun quay tr li min Nam cng
khng phi d. Nhng M c vo li hay khng, ch yu l do s n lc ca ta.
Nu ta nh mnh, ph c "quilibre" (th cn bng) th M kh lng vo
c.
Vn by gi l phi y mnh u tranh ton din, lm cho c ngh thut
hn, to thi c, v khi c thi c th phi nm c ngay ginh thng li.
***
Sau nhng ngy lm vic cng thng, tp trung cao sc khe ca ti gim st
nhanh chng. Nhiu ln bc s khuyn nn ngh ngi dng sc, nhng cng
vic khng cho php.
Mt bui sng, trn ng cng tc, bng nhin bng au d di. Cn au t
ngt lm cho u c chong vng, hi th gp. Trong khonh khc, ti b ngt
xu.
Khi tnh li thy mnh nm trong my bay ln thng cp cu v H Ni.
Cc gio s, bc s Vin Qun y 108 lm vic ht sc khn trng, nhng cha
chn on c cn bnh.
Ngi ti mt l, bng au qun qui tng cn.
Thy bnh tnh nguy kch, B Chnh tr Trung ng ng quyt nh a ti
sang Lin X iu tr bng mt chuyn chuyn c. i cng ti phng tai bin
c go s, Vin trng Nguyn Th Khnh, cc bc s Trn Vn Hin, Phm
Vn Ng.
ng ch, bn hu ra tin rt ng.
Trc khi ln my bay, ti xc ng cm n anh L c Th, anh L Thanh
Ngh, thay mt B Chnh tr, cng cc anh Vn phng Trung ng ang, Vn
phng Qun u. B Quc phng v b con, bu bn. tng l kh c ngy
v
57
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ti Lin X, Trung ng ng bn ht sc quan tm.

Cc gio s, bc s Bnh vin Trung ng Mtxcva dnh cho ti s chm sc
ht lng. Tuy vy, nhng cn au ko n ngy mt mau hn, d di hn.
mt ln, khi tim thuc chn on bnh, tim ngng p trong my giy. Hi
chn tip theo hi chn. Vn cha bit c nguyn nhn.
Nh mi tm gng tn tu v ngi bnh ca cc gio s, tin s Xmaghin,
Krapivin, n bc s Irina, nhng ngi thy thuc y tinh thn trch nhim,
cui cng tm ra cn bnh qui c. l bnh si mt, nhng dng si
mm, rt kh pht hin. Ti mc bnh ny nhiu nm m khng h hay bit
Lc ny ti mt vim rt to. Cn phi m ngay. chm s v, nguy him
n tnh mng. Ca m vo loi i phu thut. T l t vong khong 50%. Bc
s m cho ti vo "th chnh" l gio s Maic, 71 tui, Anh hng lao ng,
chuyn vin cao cp B Y t, thy thuc chuyn khoa v mt gii nht ca Lin
X.
Ngh mnh kh lng qua khi, ti vit my iu li. Ngoi vic ring, ti
dn d v cng tc cn b, v nhng ch trng, bin php thc y cch mng
min Nam tin nhanh n cao tro.
May mn thay, mi vic u tt p. Ca m rt thnh cng. Ti phi nm bt
ng trn ging bnh mi mt ngy, st mt hn chc kilgam. Qua mt ci
Tt bnh vin xa qu hng, lng nng nh la t.
Hiu r tm trng y, ngay khi ra vin, Trung ng ng Cng sn Lin X b
tr mt my bay a ti t Mtxcva v thng H Ni.
Mc d cn rt yu, mt, ch my ngy sau khi v nc, ti vo ngay Vn
phng B Quc phng thm anh em v nm tip tnh hnh. Mi ngi ht sc
vui mng thy ti tai qua nn khi. ng ch Bi nh K xc ng c mt
bi th sng tc bng c tm lng:
i mng vui, ta li n xun sang
Trong cnh sc, trong lng ngi mong i
Hng ho, ti vui, n ci tr li
Gn thm sn v nha sng thm cng
Trn ng di li ct bc bng bng.
***
58
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Thng 4-1974. Nguy him qua.

Trong thi gian c cc gio s, bc s kim tra theo di ti khoa A11, Vin
Qun y 108, ti dnh thi gian nghe bo co, thng qua ngh quyt v cng tc
qun s a phng v ngh quyt v chng ph "bnh nh" min Nam ca
Qun u Trung ng.
Lc ny M - ngu ro rit y mnh k hoch "bnh nh nng thn". y l
ci "nt" ca hc thuyt Nchxn, mt hc thuyt m c trng ni bt l coi
trng vic xy dng lc lng phn ng bn x thnh cng c thc hin chin
lc ton cu ca M. Hn 28 vn cuc hnh qun "bnh nh" ca ngu trong
mt nm qua chng t chng cho y l "c hi thch hp sng st". Bng
h thng n bt, cc lc lng bo an, dn v, phng v dn s, cc t chc t,
ip, cnh st, cc t chc chnh tr phn ng, chng ra sc ginh dn, nh
vo vng ng dn, nhm mc ch nm dn, khng ch dn, xy dng c s
vt cht - x hi cho ngu quyn, hng lm cho cc cuc ni dy ca ng bo
ta mt c s qun chng. ch ang thc hin"phng chm" ca mu s
Ktxinhgi: Tt hn ht l chng ta hy kim sot ly 100% ca 60% lnh th
nc ny (ch min Nam Vit Nam), hn l kim sot 60% ca 100% lnh th.
Nguyn Vn Thiu cng khai tuyn b. Hin nay "bnh nh" l bin php chin
lc hng u, l keo sng mi cui cng. Sng l y v cht cng l y.
Trong nm 1973, ngu quyn Si Gn th i xung, gp rt nhiu kh khn.
Mc d vy, chng c nhng n lc ln v t c kt qu nht nh.
S cc "lm gii phng" ca ta gm 400 p b ch ln chim. Chng cn ng
thm c 700 n bt. Tuy b thng vong nng, qun ngu vn khng tan r,
tri li, qun s c tng ln. Ring qun a phng tng gp ba ln. Chng vn
km kp, khng ch c qun chng. ng bng Khu 5, ch cng c c
mt s vng do chng kim sot v ln thm mt s vng khc.
Tuy nhin, nhn chung ton chin trng min Nam, trc sc phn cng v
tin cng ca qun v dn ta, cc hot ng ca ch dn dn chng li v lm
vo th chng b ng. Chng khng xo c th "da bo" min Nam.
Ngy 4-1-1974, Nguyn Vn Thiu h ht: Chin tranh li bt u. Ging
li c v hung hng, nhng thc cht l mt li ku cu. c nhng du
hiu quan thy M quay lng li vi Thiu. S c lp v chnh tr ca Thiu
59
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ln ti nh cao. ng Dn ch, ci phng tin Thiu tp trung phe cnh v

huy ng qun chng chng cng sn, ru r khng khc g ng Cn lao nhn
v ca Dim - Nhu trc y. Thc ra, cng cha bao gi n c pht trin
thnh mt t chc rng ri, m chng qua l mt tp on c hi, xi tht, tranh
ginh quyn li ln nhau. Tai hi hn, lc ny n ang l mi trng dung
dng, u cho tham nhng v hi l, ni sp t nhng chc v bo b
trong b my ngu quyn.
V kinh t, do qun M rt i, vin tr M b ct gim, Thiu gp kh khn gh
gm. Nn tht nghip lan trn. Gi c tng vt, ng tin lin tc ph gi.
Thu nhp khu gim nhiu, dn ti ngn kh ngu quyn suy st trm trng.
Qun ngu khng th gim, mc d lng quan, lng lnh khng n. Cc k
hoch "Tng cng" v "Tng cng cng" cng lm cho Thiu ph thuc thm
vo M. Thit b tr gi khong 750 triu la a vo min Nam thay th cho
nhng thit hi ca qun ngu, nay li tr thnh con dao hai li, mt gnh
nng bt kham. Cc my bay F5A v C123 u c, li thi v xung cp,
khng th hot ng nu khng c M cung cp ph tng thay th.
Tnh hnh tng t cng xy ra i vi nhiu loi v kh v phng tin chin
tranh khc. Cc cng hm gi i xin M vin tr linh kin bo tr u khng c
hi m. Sc chin u ca qun ngu st km r rt. Th b tr chin lc b
phn tn, cng ko. ch kh lng i ph vi mt cuc tin cng ln ca qun
ta.
Cuc u tranh ca qun v dn min Nam din ra quyt lit, nht l ng
bng Khu 5 v Khu 8. T nhng thng cui nm 1973, ta chn ng phn ln
cc hot ng "bnh nh", ln chim ca ch. Chin tranh nhn dn a
phng c duy tr v y mnh. Ta ginh li khong bn triu dn, trong
c mt triu 20 vn dn vng gii phng. Vi gn 10 vn chin s t hu
phng ln b sung vo, qun s b i ch lc min Nam tng ln; trang b
k thut cng nhanh chng ci tin. Cc lc lng v trang a phng tng
cha nhiu, nhng c tin b mi trong tc chin.
Cng cuc xy dng vng gii phng c xc tin mnh m, ton din. Vai tr
v uy tn ca Mt trn Dn tc gii phng v Chnh ph Cch mng lm thi
ngy cng c nng cao.
60
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Trn min Bc, tnh hnh chnh tr - kinh t n nh.

Gi ho ma thun, sn xut nng nghip lin tip c ma. Thng 10-1973,
Qun on I mang tn Quyt Thng, binh on ch lc c ng chin lc u,
tin ca Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam trong khng chin chng M, c thnh
lp. Qun on tp hp trong i ng ca mnh cc s on ch lc thin chin:
308, 312, 320, m u qu trnh t chc cc binh on chin lc khc ngay ti
chin trng min Nam, p ng yu cu ca chin tranh trong thi k mi.
***
Thng 3-1974, trong thi gian ti cn dng bnh ti Lin X, Qun u Trung
ng m mt hi ngh quan trng bn thc hin Ngh quyt Trung ng
ng ln th 21 v mt qun s.
Hi ngh do cc ng ch Ph Tng Tham mu trng Hong Vn Thi (2) v
L Trng Tn chun b. ng ch L c Anh, T lnh Qun khu IX va mi
ra H Ni trong thng 2-1974 bo co tnh hnh vi B Chnh tr v Qun u
Trung ng, cng tham gia cng vic ny.
Sau khi nghe anh L Trng Tn trnh by bn n qun s, hi ngh nh
gi tng qut tnh hnh min Nam t khi c Hip nh Paris, ra phng
hng, bin php to th mi, lc mi cho cc hot ng qun s ma kh
1974-1975. C th l y nhanh cng tc chun b chin lc c th tc chin
vo cui ma kh 1973-1974 v c trong ma ma 1974; hon thnh t mt v
bt u t hai k hoch vn chuyn chi vin chin trng; y mnh vic xy
dng lc lng v trang a phng; hon chnh mng ng chin lc, chin
dch; pht trin ng ng dn du su xung pha nam; xy dng c s hu cn
ti ch dc ng 559 v trong cc vng gii phng; hon thnh k hoch
tuyn qun nm 1974 v t mt nm 1975; cng c b i ch lc, nht l
khi ch lc c ng chin lc min Bc.
Anh Vn Tin Dng i vng, khng d hp. Khi v anh tn thnh ni dung hi
ngh v gp thm mt s kin quan trng. Sau khi c B Chnh tr thng
qua, anh thay mt Qun u Trung ng k ngh quyt ny.
y l mt bn ngh quyt ng n, kp thi. V tng quan lc lng gia ta
v ch, Qun u Trung ng nhn nh: Nhn chung li, so snh lc lng
ch, ta qua nm 1973 cng cho thy r th v lc cch mng min Nam to
61
i tng V Nguyn Gip
nn nhng ch mnh rt c bn, ang trn pht trin, c y iu kin v

kh nng a cch mng tin ln tng bc vng chc, M - ngu ngy cng
kh khn hn v ang trn i xung, xu th pht trin ca tnh hnh ngy
cng c li cho ta hn.
Trong vi ba nm ti, nhim v trung tm s mt vn l nh ph k hoch
"bnh nh", ln chim ca ch; tng bc a phong tro u tranh chnh tr
thnh th tin ln, chun b iu kin v thi c y ti cao tro cch mng; xy
dng v rn luyn b i ch lc, nng dn quy m nh tiu dit qun ngu;
xy dng cn c a min Nam; xy dng min Bc v kinh t v quc phng,
sn sng nh bi mi m mu mi ca ch. Tt c u nhm lm thay i so
snh lc lng ton din c li cho ta, nm vng thi c, sn sng ch ng
phi hp ba qu m mnh: ch lc, nng thn v thnh th, lm chuyn bin
cc din mt cch bt ng v nhanh chng, ginh thng li cao nht.
Yu cu bc thit l ginh dn, ginh quyn lm ch ng bng, gii phng v
lm ch vng chc min ni, tng bc ginh quyn lm ch thnh th, pht
trin th v lc ca cch mng min Nam. Qun u Trung ng nhn mnh yu
cu phi nm vng t tng chin lc tin cng, kin quyt, ch ng tin
cng v phn cng ch ng bng, min ni cng nh vng sau lng ch.
V phng thc hot ng, cn gi vng v pht trin chin tranh nhn dn a
phng, ng thi y mnh tc chin quy m va v ln ca b i ch lc,
va tc chin va xy dng, sn sng nh tiu dit ln khi c thi c, khn
trng thc y phong tro thnh th pht trin, nht l Si Gn.
Ti rt hoan nghnh bn ngh quyt ny. Trc khi i cha bnh Lin X, ti
nhiu ln nhn mnh cn pht trin mnh m chin tranh nhn dn a
phng.
Dn qun du kch l lc lng ti ch chng ph bnh nh c hiu qu nht. V
tc chin, ti cho rng b i a phng cn phn u nh tiu dit n mc
tiu on, cn b i ch lc phi tiu dit cho c l on, s on ch.
Quyt khng cho chng xo th "da bo" min Nam. Ngoi ra cn phi c
nhng n ch lc nh mnh vo cc thnh ph v cc c quan u no ca
ch to chuyn bin nhanh chng trn chin trng.
62
i tng V Nguyn Gip
u thng 4-1974, Qun u Trung ng triu tp Hi ngh cn b cp cao, ch

yu cc qun khu pha Bc, qun trit ngh quyt v trin khai thc hin.
Qun u cng in ho tc ph bin ngh quyt cho cc chin trng min
Nam. B Tng Tham mu, Tng cc Chnh tr, Tng cc Hu cn, Tng cc K
thut ch o c th nhng ni dung cng tc ln, c bit ch trng y mnh
cng tc t tng, cng tc binh vn, r sot sp xp cn b, khn trng xy
dng khi ch lc c ng chin lc, thnh lp thm nhng qun on mnh
c t chc, hun luyn theo phng hng tc chin hip ng binh chng
qui m ln. B Quc phng phi hp cng cc b, cc ngnh hu quan t chc
ng vin, tuyn qun b sung lc lng cho chin trng, tng cng cng tc
phng khng nhn dn min Bc, cng c cc tuyn ng chin lc Trng
Sn, xy dng h thng kho tng, bo m thng tin lin lc v hu cn, k
thut.
***
Va lm vic va tranh th ngh ngi, ti dnh thi gian rn luyn thn th.
Theo li khuyn ca anh Tn Tht Tng, ti i b mi bui sng, c ly t ngn
n di, t i chm dn dn i theo tc bnh thng. Sc khe hi phc
nhanh. Qu l mt hnh phc ln.
Trong thi gian ti i cha bnh, cng k hoch chin lc c d tho
n ln th t. c bn d tho ln ny, ti cha tht yn tm. nh gi tnh
hnh ch, cng vn cho rng ngu quyn Si Gn "buc phi thi hnh tng
phn Hip nh chn bc tin ca ta, cu vn s sp ca chng ri tip
tc ph hoi, vn tip tc chin tranh". V kh nng can thip ca M, vn phn
on kh nng M dng lc qun can thip c t m ch dng khng qun, hi
qun min Nam ri nh lan ra min Bc hoc ng thi trn c hai min. V
bin php chin lc, d tho cao quy lut kt hp qun s v chnh tr, tin
cng v ni dy pht trin ln nh cao l tng tin cng, tng khi ngha, ginh
thng li khi c thi c. ng ch l d tho ln ny vn nhc li, nu chin
tranh pht trin ln quy m ln th hng chnh tiu dit ch lc ch l Ty
Nguyn, th n min ng Nam B v Tr - Thin.
Cn c bit bao vn ln v ch, v ta, v thi c, v cch nh. Tin cng
vo thi im no? S dng lc lng ra sao? Nu m nhng cuc tin cng
63
i tng V Nguyn Gip
tiu dit ln th hng chnh nn u? C th chn Ty Nguyn, ni him

yu, y ch khng mnh, hay chn ng bng Nam B l ni ng dn
nhiu ca? Kt hp qun s v chnh tr, tin cng v ni dy, nhng pht trin
ln tng khi ngha c c khng, v trong nhng tnh hung no?
Ti lng nghe kin ca nhiu ng ch trong Qun u v cc ng ch trong
T trung tm. Mt s kin cho rng nh Ty Nguyn s ng, ch s ra sc
i ph Si Gn v ng bng Nam B, sau ny ta nh s kh khn. V vy,
nn chn Nam B lm hng chnh, pha Ty Nguyn ch nh c Lp m
ng vo ng bng Nam B. Ti v mt s anh em khc thin v chn Ty
Nguyn lm hng chnh, ni y ta c nhiu thun li thc hin nh
tiu dit ln.
Cuc trao i cha ng ng.
Ti gi cc anh Hong Vn Thi, L Trng Tn cng T trung tm cn phn
tch, nh gi cho k th v lc ca ta, lm c s cho vic h quyt tm. Nn
chn mt trong hai hng chin lc Ty Nguyn v min ng Nam B,
nhng ch c th tin cng khi ta c iu kin dt im. Cn nm vng yu cu
nng cao cht lng ca b i mt cch ton din, hun luyn nng cao trnh
tc chin ca b i ch lc nh hip ng binh chng quy m ln. Cn ch
ch th ca Qun u Trung ng: "D thi c chnh tr to ra c thun li bao
nhiu, th cng phi nh sp ngu qun ngu quyn.
n cng kch phi i trc mt bc. Cho nn, bt k trong trng hp no,
cng phi nm trong tay mt lc lng tp trung tng i mnh, v trong s
dng, trong xy dng, u phi chm lo gio dc chnh tr, hun luyn qun s
lun lun l mt v kh sc bn ca cch mng. Bt lun trong tnh hung
no, cng phi xy dng lc lng min Nam cho tht mnh".
***
Cui thng 5-1974, B Tng t lnh triu tp hi ngh trao i kinh nghim v
chng ph "bnh nh" ca ch, c hu ht i biu cc chin trng min Nam
ra d. Khi thng qua bn bo co ca B Tng Tham mu, ti khen ngi Cc
Tc chin v Cc Dn qun chun b ni dung kh cng phu, di s ch o
ca anh Trn Vn Quang, Ph Tng Tham mu trng. Nhng kinh nghim rt
ra t hi ngh ny l quan im cch mng bo lc, t tng cch mng tin
64
i tng V Nguyn Gip
cng, nh gi ng v kp thi m mu, th on ca ch, l bo m thng

xuyn cho cc lc lng v trang lun lun cnh gic, sn sng chin u, t
chc ng v cc t chc qun chng phi c cng c c s, t m pht
trin lc lng chnh tr, lc lng v trang a phng, bit vn dng phng
chm, phng thc u tranh thch hp, pht huy sc mnh ca ba mi gip
cng, ch ng tin cng v phn cng ch. Thc tin chin trng c soi
sng bng l lun cach mng, bng t tng qun s Vit Nam, c kt thnh
nhng bi hc sinh ng, thit thc, c tc dng ln y mnh cng cuc chng
ph m mu "bnh nh", ln chim ca ch chin trng.
***
Trong kh th tin cng, ng bo v chin s c nc mng k nim ln th 20
chin thng lch s in Bin Ph (7-5-1954-7-5-1974).
Ti 6-5, ng o cc tng lp nhn dn Th hp mt tinh trng th ti Hi
trng Ba nh H Ni. Cc ng ch lnh o ng v Nh nc ti d ng
.
Sau li khai mc ca anh Nguyn Duy Trinh, ti c in vn nu r ngha v
i ca chin thng ng - Xun 1953-1954 m nh cao l chin dch lch s
in Bin Ph, phn tch nguyn nhn thng li v nhng bi hc mang tnh
thi i su sc.
Lin h vi tnh hnh min Nam, lc ny l vn thi s nng hi trong mi
qu tim, ti nu cao thng li to ln ca qun v dn ta trong s nghip chng
M, cu nc, buc M phi k Hip nh Paris, rt ht qun M v nc.
l thng li ca chin tranh nhn dn Vit Nam, ca s ch o sc bn, ti gii
ca B Chnh tr Trung ng ng, ca tr tu v xng mu ca qun v dn ta
trong c nc.
Hng v min Nam rut tht, ti khng nh: "Trong 20 nm qua, vi nhng c
gng cc k to ln, quc M khng th no ngn ni ngn tro cch mng
cun cun dng cao trn di t ny; vy th trong bi cnh lch s ngy nay,
quc M b tht bi phi rt khi nc ta, bn tay sai ang gp nhng kh
khn chng cht, chng khng th no xoay ngc li bnh xe lch s".
Cui cng, ti ku gi ng bo v chin s c nc: "Pht huy truyn thng
quyt chin quyt thng ca in Bin Ph, pht huy tinh thn anh dng qut
65
i tng V Nguyn Gip
cng ca cuc khng chin chng M, cu nc, ton qun v ton dn ta

on kt triu ngi nh mt, phn khi, tin tng, hng hi tin ln! Chng ta
quyt u tranh gi vng ho bnh, ra sc xy dng min Bc x hi ch ngha,
hon thnh cch mng dn tc, dn ch nhn dn min Nam, tin ti ho bnh
thng nht T quc".
Cuc mt tinh kt thc trong ting nhc hng trng ca ca khc "Chin thng
in Bin", nh ha hn mt ma xun chin thng mi, mt in Bin Ph
mi.
***
Ma h nm 1974, anh Vn Tin Dng v ti u khng c khe. Anh Dng
m phi i ngh nc ngoi. Ti vn cn trong k dng bnh thng ra ngh
Sn.
Tnh hnh chuyn bin rt nhanh. Khng mt ai c th ngi yn. Ti tranh th
lm vic vi ng ch B th th nht L Dun hi ny cng thng ngh y.
Anh Ba bn vi ti v mt lot vn chin lc.
Chng ti trao i cng tm p n cho nhng cu hi nng bng: Cuc chin
tranh min Nam n giai on no? Thi c ln xut hin cha? c
iu kin chn mui cho mt cuc tng tin cng cha? Nu c, tin cng v ni
dy nh th no? Phng hng chin lc ra sao?. Thy sc khe ca ti
dn dn hi phc, mt hm anh Ba bo: "Cng vic rt quan trng, khn trng.
Anh nm ly m lm". T Hi ngh Trung ng ln th 21 n lc ny, gn mt
nm tri qua. Trc sc mnh tng hp ca chin tranh nhn dn, i
phng b y li vi tc ngy cng nhanh trong, th i xung khng th
cng, li ni. m mu "bnh nh", ln chim ca chng tht bi r rt.
H thng, n bt b ph v tng mng. Ci "da bo" khng nhng khng thu
hp m cn loang rng. Qun ngu li dn vo th phng, ng trn cc chin
trng.
Vic Quc hi M ct hn ngn sch vin tr qun s cho ng Dng trong
su thng cn li ca nm ti chnh 1974 kt thc vo ngy 30-6 nm y cng
lm cho ngu qun, ngu quyn khn n. Danh mc cc loi nhu cu thit yu
b thiu ht tng ln, bao gm n c dc phm v tin: Cc qun y vin
khng thuc dng. Nhiu trng hp bng phi git i dng li. Ci thn tm
66
i tng V Nguyn Gip
gi cm thy hoang mang, nhc nh mt khi quan thy bn kia i dng t

ra chn ngn cuc chin tranh ni ny.
M, v b bi Oatght n lc bng n. Chin dch kch Nchxn ni
ln khp ni. Nc M sng trong mt bu khng kh chnh tr ngt ngt.
Nchxn lng tng ng u vi qun chng v lc lng i lp Quc hi
M khng cn bng d no ngh n vic h hi tip sc cho ch Si Gn.
Ti nu vn ny vi anh Ba, cho y l mt yu t quan trng to nn thi c
thun li cho ta. Cn tranh th ginh thng li quyt nh min Nam trc k
bu c M thng 11-1976. Qua trao i, anh Ba v ti u thy n lc c
th kt thc thng li cuc chin tranh gii phng min Nam trong vi ba nm
ti.
***
Tnh hnh chin trng trn chuyn bin nhanh.
B Chnh tr quyt nh hp vo thng 9-1974 nh gi tnh hnh v xc nh
quyt tm ginh thng li cui cng. Cc vn chin lc ch yu, nh tin
cng nh tiu dit ln qun ngu, hng tin cng ch yu thi c chin lc,
kh nng can thip hoc quay tr li ca M, chim hu ht tm tr ti. Mt mt,
ti yu cu B Tng Tham mu nghin cu su sc cc vn trn, mt khc t
mnh suy ngh, chun b kin trnh by trong cuc hp B Chnh tr sp ti.
Lc ny, ng bng sng Cu Long c v tr rt quan trng. Tng ngu Dng
Vn Minh c ln ni: "Ai nm c ng bng sng Cu Long l nm c
Nam B". y cng l ch mnh ca ch, ni d tr nhn lc, vt lc ln nht
ca min Nam. K hoch "bnh nh" ca ch ang b y li. Ta c kh nng
v cn phi p tan m mu ca chng, ginh quyn lm ch vng ny ct
ngun b sung qun ngu, a Si Gn vo th b bao vy.
Lm th no nhanh chng to thi c? Cn lm g "chp" thi c, khng
c l? Hng chin lc l u? nh nh th no tiu dit chin on
v s on qun ngu? Nhng cu hi y thng trc trong u Ti mang theo
chng ngay c vo trong gic ng.
Lc ny, bn d tho k hoch chin lc c chnh l n ln th nm. D
tho mang s 133/TG1 ngy 16-5-1974 vi nhan "K hoch ginh thng li
min Nam sau vi ba nm lm thay i so snh lc lng min Nam!"
67
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Qun u ch th cho B Tng Tham mu nghin cu hon chnh trnh B

Chnh tr thng qua, v nu mt s kin c bn:
1. Cn nm li ton b tnh hnh pht trin ca chin trng t cui nm 1973
n nay. Do chin trng hot ng tt, kin quyt tin cng v phn cng ch,
hu phng min Bc li tng cng chi vin, nn th v lc mi hnh thnh
ngy cng r nt. Cn i su nghin cu phn tch, nh gi nhng nhn t mi
va c to ra, lm c s cho quyt tm chin lc.
2. Vic xy dng k hoch chin lc, nn tin hnh theo hai bc. Mc tiu
ca bc mt l ginh thng li c ngha quyt nh. Ta mnh hn ch c v
qun s v chnh tr, lm ch phn ln vng nng thn v rng ni. So snh lc
lng trn chin trng thay i hn. Sang bc th hai, da trn c s
thng li ca bc mt, pht trin nh ln, tin cng v ni dy, ginh thng
li hon ton.
3. V hng chin lc, trong bc mt, nn nghin cu chn nam Ty Nguyn
hoc min ng Nam B, cn ch nam Ty Nguyn l ni ch s h, ta c
iu kin tp trung lc lng ln, ni c kh nng tiu dit ln qun ch, to
c bc ngot quy nh. Cn tch cc lm ng c ng, ngu trang kho,
gi b mt, c nhiu bin php nghi binh, to yu t bt ng, khng l nh,
khng l lc lng, lm cho ch ch phng. Trc mt, ch lc nn
hot ng mc va phi.
4. Cn c k hoch ring cho min Bc, tp trung vo cng tc ng vin lc
lng, chi vin min Nam c v ngi v vt cht, k thut, ng thi phi c
phng n tc chin phng ch tin hnh tr li chin tranh ph hoi hoc
b vo vng b bin nam Khu IV.
5. V xy dng lc lng, ht sc ch trng nng cao cht lng chin u.
Bin ch t chc phi hp l, t l gia cc qun chng, binh chng phi cn
i, ph hp vi yu cu v kh nng thc t. c bit quan tm b tr, sp xp,
bi dng cn b p ng kp thi yu cu chin lc.
6. V cch nh, cn pht trin kinh nghim nh ph "bnh nh", ng thi t
chc nghin cu cch nh ca b i ch lc tiu dit chi khu, qun l, th x
v cc thnh ph ln, tiu dit chin on ch, nng cao trnh tc chin hip
ng binh chng quy m ln, tiu dit s on ch.
68
i tng V Nguyn Gip
7. Nghin cu k hoch kt hp quc phng vi kinh t trong c vic qun

i tham gia xy dng kinh t v chun b phc hi ng st nam Khu IV.
***
My hm sau, ng ch B th th nht cho mi cc anh Hong Vn Thi, L
Trng Tn xung Sn, bo co tnh hnh v trao i kin, chun b cho
cuc hp sp ti ca B Chnh tr.
Trc khi ln ng, anh Thi v anh Tn cng n gp ti. L nhng ngi
lnh o B Tng Tham mu, c nhiu kinh nghim v cng tc tham mu v
kinh nghim tc chin, cc anh chun b k tnh hnh mi mt, d kin cc
ch trng chin lc qun s v tc chin chin dch. Sau khi nghe hai anh
trnh by cc vn s bo co v cp vi anh Ba, ti ni ht nhng iu
nghin ngm t sau khi c Ngh quyt Hi ngh Trung ng ln th 21, nht l
v quan im bo lc cch mng, v k hoch ginh thng li, v qu trnh tng
tin cng v ni dy s din ra khi thi c xut hin.
Ti 22-7, va t sn v, hai anh n gp ti ngay ti nh ring. Tri oi bc.
Mi ngi u mc o smi ngn tay mu sng. Ti tip cc anh trong vn,
di nh trng, trong khng kh gia nh. Anh Hong Vn Thi vn l ngi
bn chin u thn thit t nhng ngy u thnh lp i Vit Nam tuyn
truyn gii phng qun. Anh L Trng Tn l mt cn b nh nhiu, nh gii
m ti rt qu mn qua nhiu chin dch. Ti khng ng c hai anh, tuy t tui
hn ti, li ra i vnh vin, li cho gia nh, bn b v qun i ta bit bao
thng tic.
m hm y, cc anh bo co t m vi ti v cuc gp v lm vic vi anh Ba.
Vo cuc hp, anh Ba nu ba vn ln:
- nh gi tnh hnh ch - ta.
- Phng hng chin lc ca ta nm 1975 v vi nm sau min Nam.
- Xy dng v bo v min Bc.
Trn bui sng ngy 20-7, anh Thi v anh Tn bo co tm tt bn d tho k
hoch chin lc, tnh hnh qun s, chnh tr min Nam c ch dn trn bn
, nhng cng vic ln v ang tin hnh, trong c vic chun b nh
Thng c Khu 5 v t hai vn chuyn chin lc ca on 559, vic lm
ng chin lc chin dch, xy dng cn c hu cn Tr - Thin, Khu 5 Ty
69
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Nguyn v Nam B, kt qu tuyn qun, xy dng lc lng, hun luyn chin

u cho b i v vic chi vin sc ngi, sc ca cho min Nam. Cc anh
cng bo c kt qu trin khai thc hin Ngh quyt 21 ca Trung ng v
Ngh quyt thng 3-1974 ca Qun u Trung ng c B Chnh tr thng
qua.
ng ch B th th nht hi k v tnh hnh Qung Tr, tnh hnh min ng
Nam B, tnh hnh Qun khu IX, Qun khu 5, v sc chin u ca qun ngu
sau khi qun M rt. Anh Tn bo co: Khi hi tn Nguyn Vn Th, i t l
trng ngu b bt trong chin dch ng 9-Nam Lo, hn ni: "Nu khng c
hu cn v v kh M, k hoch g ri cng rch!". Khi hi khng c M th
qun ngu chu c bao lu. Th tr li: "Ch c hai nm".
Anh Thi trnh by thm v s cn thit phi c nhng n quyt nh tiu dit
nhng tp on ch lc ln ca ch nhanh chng lm thay i cc din
chin trng, to bc nhy vt. Mun th, phi c lc lng, c s vt cht,
phi bo m k thut, bao m hu cn, phi to th, to thi c.
Chiu 20 v ngy 21-7, anh Ba pht biu suy ngh ca anh v nhng vn ca
k hoch chin lc, v thi c chin lc. Anh dnh nhiu thi gian phn tch
tnh hnh th gii c lin quan n cuc khng chin chng M, cu nc ca
nhn dn ta.
Vi cch nhn ton cc, anh Ba nu r vn Vit Nam v ng Dng ang l
s kin ni bt khu vc ng Nam , mt vng chin lc m nhiu cng
quc, k c mt s nc ln chu u c tham vng tranh ginh nh hng.
Cuc chin tranh Vit Nam lm cho M yu i r rt. Mt khi M thua, phi
rt qun, nhiu nc s Vit Nam thng v mnh ln. Cc th lc quc v
phn ng quc t gp nhau im ny.
Tuy nhin, cc nc y u cha sn sng v cha mnh. V vy, vic khn
trng to thi c v "chp" thi c ginh thng li hon ton cng tr nn cp
thit.
V cch nh, kin ca anh Ba l cn nghin cu cch nh nh th no
thng to, thng nhanh, khin M khng kp tr tay, cc nc khc kh lng can
thip.
70
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Mun nh ln, thng ln, v chin lc, chin dch, phi c b i ch lc

mnh, s dng tng qun on tiu dit s on ch. Phi pht huy sc mnh
tng hp. y l mt bi ton kh, phi c c s l lun v thc tin mi tm
ra p s. Cn chun b nh th no sang nm 1975 c th nh c quy m
va, cng c th nh c quy m ln, tiu dit tng s on ch, phi va
tiu dit ch, va lm tan r hng ng chng. Phi ginh cho c bt ng. Nn
chia ct ch, m rng vng gii phng sau lng ch, to th trn c li.
Cn a thm lc lng min Bc vo. Ch y mnh phong tro u tranh
chnh tr, phong tro ny ang c cc yu t khc thc y, nht l mu thun
su sc trong ni b ch. Sp ti, Nchxn c th , Pho s ln thay. Ta cn
a phong tro ln mnh c thm th mi v lc mi. Anh Ba ni: "Ginh
c thng li quyt nh trong vi ba nm ti l gii, gii lm".
Sau khi lm vic vi ng ch B th th nht, trn ng v H Ni, cc anh
suy ngh nhiu v thi c chin lc. R rng tnh hnh i hi cn phi khn
trng hn.
c thm kin ca anh Ba, B Tng Tham mu ch o T trung tm tip
tc nghin cu, bn bc nhm nhanh chng hon chnh bn cng v k
hoch chin lc, chun b cho Hi ngh B Chnh tr.
***
Tnh hnh tip tc chuyn nhanh. Trc p lc khng th cng li t nhiu
pha, ngy 9-8-1974, Nchxn buc phi t chc Tng thng M. Tin ny n
vi Thiu nh mt n st nh. Girn Pho, Ph Tng thng k t ngy cniu
t chc ln tm thay cho n khi bu tng thng mi vo nm 1976. Nc M
ng trc bao kh khn. Quc hi M li tip tc ct gim vin tr cho ngu
quyn Si Gn ch cn 701 triu la cho ti kho 1974-1975, khng bng mt
na s vin tr trong ti kha 1972-1973. xoa du, Pho cho Thiu mt
liu thuc an thn: "Ti bit rng bc u tin trong nm ti chnh hin nay
c Quc hi ph chun gip cho Vit Nam cng ho, c v qun s ln
kinh t lm cho ngi phi lo lng. Qu trnh lp php ca chng ti th phc
tp v cha hon chnh. Mc d cn c thm mt thi gian thuyt phc Quc
hi, ti cam kt ln na ngi tin tng ti rng cui cng s ng h ca
chng ti s y cho c qun vin ln kinh vin".
71
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Trn chin trng, hot ng ca qun ngu gim i trng thy. R nht l cc
hot ng ca khng qun, pho binh v phng tin c ng. Tuy vn ln
ting h ht chin tranh, Nguyn Vn Thiu phi ku gi binh lnh ngu
"nh theo kiu con nh ngho"(!)
B2 (Nam B v Khu 6), ch b y li. Khu 5, chng b chn li. Pht huy
thng li, qun ta ch ng chc thng tuyn phng th Si Gn ca ngu ca
ng pha bc (ng 7, Rch Bp, Bn Ct). Mc d ch thng xuyn ln
chim, qun ta vn kin cng gi vng khu gii phng Lc Ninh bng mi gi,
theo yu cu ca Qun u Trung ng. ch tht bi trong k hoch "bnh nh"
cc vng ng dn. Vng ch kim sot ngy cng thu hp. Lc lng ch b
co ko khp ni. Qun ta khng nhng ginh li tt c cc vng gii phng
nh trc ngy 28-1-1973, m cn gii phng thm hng chc x ng bng
sng Cu Long. Cn c khng chin c m rng v cng c kh vng vng.
B2 c nhng n lc rt ln c v tc chin ln chun b chin trng cho
ma kh ti. Ni bt ln lc ny l trn qun ta tiu dit chi khu qun s
Thng c Khu 5 t ngy 29-7-1974 n ngy 7-8-1974, gii phng qun l
Thng c v bn x gm 13.000 dn, sau nh bi cc t phn kch ca
s on d thuc lc lng tng d b chin lc ca qun ngu. y l mt
trn then cht trong chin dch ma thu 1974 ca Khu 5. Thng c l v tr
n ng ca ng ca cn c lin hp Nng. Trong trn ny, qun ngu phn
ng chm, lc lng c ng phi iu ng chp v v thiu qun v khng
phng tin ch qun. Tinh thn qun ch lc v qun a phng ngu u
sa st. Ln u tin mt s on ch lc ca ta cng qun v dn a phng
nh bi mt s on d b chin lc ca qun ngu.
Cng vi thng li Nng Sn, Tin Phc, Minh Long (Khu 5) Tnh Linh
(Khu 6), Nha Bch, Tng L Chn (ng Nam B), trn Thng c cho php
rt ra nhn nh: qun ch lc c ng ca ta mnh hn qun ch lc c
ng ca ngu. Mt hnh thi mi bt u xut hin: ch khng cn kh nng
chim li cc v tr mt. Qun ta c kh nng tin cng tiu dit qun ch
trong cng s kin c, tiu dit cm c im, chi khu, qun l, gi c mc
tiu, chim t, gii phng dn ngay vng gip ranh.
72
i tng V Nguyn Gip
i vi cp chin lc, nhn nh y sc thuyt phc ny c lin quan rt ln

n vic h quyt tm chin lc.
Ti Tng hnh dinh, hng ngy theo di cht ch chuyn bin ca chin trng,
ti thy tnh hnh pht trin vi nhp ngy cng tng, c kh nng t bin.
Cuc chin u ca nhn dn ta sut 20 nm qua chun b tin cho nhng
bc nhy vt s din ra. Tnh hnh chin trng min Nam v s ri lon trong
ni tnh nc M, xt cho cng cng do sc mnh u tranh, tr tu v xng
mu ca ta to ln.
Nhn t ch quan, nht l s lnh o ca ng i vi phong tro cch mng,
i vi chin trng, s iu hnh chin tranh gii phng v ch o chin lc
trong tng thi k ca B thng soi ti cao l v cng quan trng.
V sao u nm 1973, ta ang th thng, th p o ch phi chu li bc,
rt ht qun M v qun ch hu, th m sau Hip nh Paris, tnh hnh bng tr
nn kh khn, thm ch c nguy c o ngc? V sao mt khi lnh o, ch huy
kim im, vch r c sai lm, nu c ch trng, phng hng hnh
ng ng n th chng bao lu, ta li ginh th ch ng v tin mnh, tin
nhanh.
Trch nhim ca ngi lnh o, ca c quan u no nng n bit bao trc
vn mnh ca T quc. Mt s lnh o, ch huy chin lc ng ch c th c
c khi lnh o bit nm vng phng php lun bin chng, bit nhn thng
vo s tht, bit t ph bnh v ph bnh nghim tc, kt hp l lun vi thc
tin rt ra nhng bi hc kp thi.
***
Ra ngh Sn, ti thng ti bit th s 2, cng c ln ti nh khch gn
Pagtng (Pagodon), trong khu trung tm, hi y cha m cho khch du lch.
Trong thi gian ny, ng ch V Quang H, Cc ph Cc Tc chin lm th k
gip ti lm k hoch chin lc. i khi cn c ng ch Ph Gim c Hc
vin Qun s cp cao gip vit bi theo yu cu ca cc bo, ng ch Ph cc
trng Cc Tuyn hun gip tho bi din vn quan trng k nim ln th 30
ngy thnh lp Qun i nhn dnVit Nam thng 12 nm y.
73
i tng V Nguyn Gip
K hoch chin lc c gi tuyt i b mt. ng ch V Quang H c b

tr ring. Hng ngy lm vic, mi ti liu u phi tun th nghim tc cc
quy nh bo mt.
Theo hng dn ca anh Tn Tht Tng, sng sng ti i b quanh bn o
Sn, leo ln cc mm i, i dc theo ng mn ni lin cc im cao c rng
thng bao ph, n 9 gi sng mi tr v. Va i va suy ngh, khi dng li
dc ng, ti thng trao i cng vic vi cc ng ch cng i. Cng l
"nht c lng tin", va rn luyn sc khe va ngh ra c kin hay.
Trong nhng ngy h Sn, cng vic ch yu l chun b k hoch chin
lc ginh thng li min Nam. Ti c cho ng ch V Quang H ghi
tng phn ca bn k hoch, t nhn nh tnh hnh ch - ta, tnh hnh quc t
n nh chin lc v cc bc i c th. y l ln d tho th su.
Tnh hnh M v th gii lc ny rt c li cho ta.
Vn phi cn nhc k l kh nng M li vo cu nguy cho ngu. c cc ti
liu ca B Ngoi giao v nghe bo co ca Cc Qun bo, ti i n nhn nh
nu ta chun b chu o, nm chc thi c, nh ngu quyn nhanh, gn, th
c th M khng dm vo.
Nu ngu ng trc nguy c sp ln, nhng tnh hnh cn nhng nhng,
M thy vo c th cu c ngu, th cng c th M dng khng qun, hi
qun can thip min Nam ri m rng ra min Bc, hoc ng thi nh ph,
phong to c min Bc v min Nam. Kh nng M dng lc qun c t. Tuy
vy, ta cng phi va nh va theo di phn ng ca M, hn ch kh nng
can thip ca chng.
Cc chin trng ang pht trin tin cng, nht l t thng 4-1974. Vi lc
lng hin c min Nam, ta c kh nng ginh li phn ln ng bng sng
Cu Long, ng bng Khu 5, thc hin cc ch tiu ginh dn, ginh t, tiu
dit nhiu sinh lc ch, hon chnh vng giai phng v cn c a min ni,
chia ct ch ra tng khu vc, xy dng, cng c thm mt bc hu phng
min Nam. Phong tro thnh th trc mt cn yu nhng c tin cch
mng to ln v ngy cng chn mui, nn c kh nng pht trin v pht trin
nhy vt khi ngu qun, ngu quyn lm vo th khng hong ton din. V
74
i tng V Nguyn Gip
kh nng khi ngha ln thnh th cn phi tip tc theo di cht ch v thc

y phong tro pht trin nhanh.
Mc ch trc mt ca ta l nh ngu quyn a phng, gii phng nng
thn, buc ch phi thi hnh Hip nh Paris, to iu kin pht trin mnh
phong tro thnh th, tin ln nh ngu quyn trng ng.
Phng php l tin cng v ni dy, pht trin ln nh cao l tng tin cng tng khi ngha khi c thi c.
Cn c vo nhng kin tho lun trong B Chnh tr, ti phc tho ra nh
chin lc l ng vin n lc cao nht, chun b khn trng, y nht c
ba n chin lc: ch lc, nng thn, thnh th nhm ginh thng li cao nht.
S ty tnh hnh c th v ch, v ta, v quc t, ty mc ca thi c ch
yu do ch quan to nn m quyt nh mc ginh thng li, mc s dng
lc lng c ng ca min Bc, hoc ginh thng li trit , hoc ginh thng
li c bn, lp chnh ph lin hip qu ba thnh phn, thi hnh Hip nh
Paris, to iu kin tin ln ginh thng li trit , v hng tin cng ch yu,
trn c s cc phng n tc chin do T trung tm xut, d tho k hoch
ra tin hnh ba n chin lc trn c ba vng, trong th c tm quan
trng quyt nh, c bit l Si Gn v Nng. Hng tin cng chin lc
ch yu l Ty Nguyn v min ng Nam B.
Trong bc mt, k hoch ra trong cc nm 1974, 1975, 1976, vi lc lng
ca min Nam, ta ginh phn ln nng thn min Nam, hon chnh vng gii
phng, hnh thnh th bao vy p st cc thnh ph, th x, to nn s uy hip
ngy cng ln, ng thi pht trin nhanh lc lng chnh tr, y mnh phong
tro cng khai, hp php ca lc lng th ba v phong tro u tranh chnh tr
qun chng c bn thnh th. Pht ng ton dn lm cng tc binh vn. Ch
lc tc chin tiu dit tng s on ngu. B i c bit tinh nhu trin khai
bm st cc mc tiu khng qun, hu cn, c quan u no. Hon thnh k
hoch lm ng chin lc chin dch, bo m vn chuyn vt cht, c ng
nhanh chng b i, chun b nh ln. Tranh th s ng h quc t.
Sang bc hai, s y nhanh iu kin chn mui, nm vng thi c tng tin
cng tng khi ngha vi iu kin ta ginh phn ln nng thn, bao vy p
st thnh ph, th x, ch lc ta tiu dit c s on ngu trong thi gian
75
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ngn. Qun ngu lin tip tht bi v chin lc; ngu quyn mu thun, khng
hong nghim trng, b c lp cao , ni b chia r, phn ho, ta tranh th
c s ng h quc t.
D tho k hoch d kin cc iu kin khch quan, ch quan c th chn mui
vo u nm 1977, xc nh k hoch nm 1976, nu r cc mt cng tc chun
b, cc ch tiu pht trin lc lng, giai phng t ai, ch nghi binh, gi b
mt, bt ng.
Thng 8-1974, anh Vn Tin Dng i cha bnh nc ngoi v. Cng trao i
vi nhau, anh Dng v ti u nht tr trn tt c cc vn . Ngay sau khi lm
xong, bn k hoch d tho c gi n cc ng ch trong B Chnh tr v cc
ng ch ch cht trong Qun u Trung ng. B thng soi ti cao nhn
thy thi c chin lc ang ti gn. Vn by gi l quyt tm v phng
php cch mng.
Vic xy dng cc "qu m thp" trong giai on cui ca chin tranh, mt
vn m ti nhiu ln xut sau ngy k Hip nh Paris, c xc tin
mnh m. c B Chnh tr ng , ngay sau khi hi cc iu kin cn
thit, B Tng t lnh khn trng xy dng ba qun on ch lc c ng:
Qun on I mang tn Quyt Thng thnh lp ngy 24-10-1973, tip , ngy
17-5-1974, Qun on II (Qun on Hng Giang) v ngy 20-7-1974, Qun
on IV (Qun on Cu Long) ln lt ra i.
***
Nhn dp k nim ln th 25 ngy truyn thng ca i on 308, sau ny l S
on 308 (28-8-1949-28-8-1974), ti mi Ch tch Tn c Thng n thm
binh on ch lc c ng u tin ca Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam. i on
308 trc y c vinh d c Mt trn Vit Minh - Lin Vit (nay l Mt trn
T quc Vit Nam) tng thanh kim mang dng ch "M o thnh cng",
ngha l nh u thng .
Trong i hnh ca Qun on Quyt Thng, vi t th sn sng chin u, sn
sng nhn lnh xut qun, cc chin s Qun tin phong t chc k nim trng
th ngy truyn thng v vang ca mnh theo ng nghi thc chnh quy. B i
vui mng n Bc Tn knh mn nh c n hnh nh ca min Nam rut
tht. Sau khi cng Bc Tn i duyt i danh d, tham d l diu binh, ti thay
76
i tng V Nguyn Gip
mt Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh giao nhim v cho b i: "S

nghip cch mng ca nhn dn ta ginh c nhng thng li v i. Min
Bc ang tin nhng bc vng chc trn con ng xy dng ch ngha x
hi. Cuc u tranh cch mng ca ng bo v chin s min Nam cha bao
gi thun li nh hin nay. Nhng quc M v b l tay sai cn ngoan c
tip tc cuc chin tranh thc dn mi.
Cuc u tranh cch mng ca nhn dn ta cn lu di, gian kh, quyt lit,
nhng thng li cui cng nht nh v tay chng ta. Chng ta nht nh thng
Cc ng ch cn b cc cp phi gng mu, s on phi ra sc hc tp nng
cao trnh v mi mt, nht l trnh qun l b i, qun l c s vt cht
k thut. Trong thi im quan trng ny, cc ng ch hy khn trng xy
dng s on chnh quy, hin i, dng cm, thin chin, sn sng chin u
cao, h ra qun l nh thng v thng to, hon thnh xut sc mi nhim v
trn giao, xng ng vi danh hiu S on Qun tin phong, gp phn cng
hin ln nht vo s nghip bo v T quc, xy dng ch ngha x hi min
Bc, lm trn ngha v i vi min Nam rut tht v ngha v quc t".
Sut dc ng v, ngi cnh Bc Tn, nhng kinh nghim v k c v xy
dng v s dng b i ch lc trong khng chin chng Php, nht l in
Bin Ph, li hin ra trong u c ti, cng vi hnh nh l c "Chin thng",
thanh kim "M o thnh cng" v nhng gng mt tr, khe ca cc chin s
S on 308.
***
Cui thng 8-1974, B Tng Tham mu tp trung nm chc tnh hnh, xc minh
tin tc, chun b ti liu cn thit phc v Hi ngh B Chnh tr Trung ng
ng. Ti tranh th lm vic vi T trung tm. c mt ci nhn tng qut,
trong mt ln lm vic H ng vi ng ch Nguyn ng, Chnh vn
phng Qun u v cc ng ch V Lng, V Quang H, Cc trng v Ph
Cc trng Cc Tc chin, chng ti s b trao i kin v quy lut chin
tranh nhn dn Vit Nam qua cc thi k, trn c s tm phng hng hnh
ng chin trng min Nam trong tnh hnh mi. im li t Cch mng
Thng Tm cho n lc ny, phi chng quy lut y l s dng bo lc cch
mng, tin hnh khi, ngha ton dn v chin tranh ton dn, pht ng cao
77
i tng V Nguyn Gip
tro cch mng va khng chin va kin quc, nh ch ton din c qun s,
chnh tr, kinh t, ngoi giao, u tranh trn c ba vng chin lc bng cc
chin dch tng hp, cc cch nh sng to c hiu sut cao, nhm ng mc
tiu chin lc, to thi c thc hin nhng trn quyt chin chin lc c
ngha quyt nh lm chuyn bin tnh hnh v ginh thng li. Nhim v ca
cch mng min Nam khi qun M rt i cng khng ngoi quy lut y.
Trc mt, cn tng kt cch nh qun ngu bnh nh, ln chim, tng thm
ngi v ho lc, bo m qun s tiu on a phng c 300, tiu on
ch lc 400, min Bc khn trng t chc tng tiu on, i i ho lc
mnh a vo chin trng, tin ti trung on phi dit c qun l, chi khu
qun s, tiu on dit i i ch. Khu 8 v Khu IX cha c s ch huy thng
nht, nn chng thnh lp mt B ch huy chung.
V hng tin cng chin lc l nam Ty Nguyn, m u bng nh Bun
Ma Thut, ti da vo nhng suy ngh c t nhng ngy khng chin chng
Php, v tm quan trng v v tr chin lc qun s ca Ty Nguyn kt hp
vi thc tin chin trng lc ny v nhng ch mnh, ch yu trong th b tr
chin lc ca M - ngu. Nhiu nh qun s, c ta v ch, u ni nm c
Ty Nguyn l khng ch c ton b chin trng min Nam ng Dng.
y l ci mi nh ca a bn min Nam bn o ny. Th b tr chin lc
"mnh hai u" ca M - ngu nhm i ph vi ta pha bc (Tr - Thin) v
pha Nam (Qun khu III v IV ngu) cng l r nam Ty Nguyn l a bn va
him yu, va yu li va s h.
Trong qu trnh khng chin chng M, cu nc, B Tng Tham mu pht
hin rt sm nhng nhc im ca ch nam Ty Nguyn. Trong khi b tr
lc lng rt mnh Vng I chin thut (t Quang Tr n Qung Ngi) gi
a bn gip gii vi min Bc, th Vng II chin thut (bao gm c Ty
Nguyn), ch ch b tr mt lc lng va phi. Ring Ty Nguyn, ch
phng ta pha Bc (Pleiku - Kon Tum) nhiu hn l pha nam (Bun Ma
Thut).
Ngay t gia nm 1973, trong bn " cng k hoch chin lc" d tho ln
u tin, T trung tm ngh: " Hng ch yu ca cc n ch lc: Ty
Nguyn, Min ng, Tr - Thin, Qung . Ch yu l Ty Nguyn v: a
78
i tng V Nguyn Gip
hnh tt, bo m pht huy c binh kh k thut; kt hp c n ch lc

vi tin cng, ni dy ng bng Khu 5; bo m c lin tc tin cng; c
iu kin bo m c s vt cht; ch hin nay tng i yu".
Anh Dng v ti xem v cho kin T trung tm tip tc nghin cu, ly
kin, b sung hon chnh k hoch.
Trong mt bui lm vic, anh Hong Minh Tho, vi nhn quan mt nh nghin
cu khoa hc qun s, nu kin: khi chn hng chin lc l Ty
Nguyn th trc ht nn nh Bun Ma Thut, v y l th x ln nht, l ni
him yu v cng l ni ch s h nht. Kh khn phi vt qua tin cng
trn hng ny l thiu ng hnh qun v thiu nc. Ti rt tn thnh.
My hm sau, ti mi cm anh V Ch Cng v anh Chu Huy Mn ti gia nh.
Lc , trong cn b ta c hai kin tranh lun cha ng ng: mt s ng ch
chn Ty Nguyn lm hng tin cng ch yu, mt s khc chn ng bng
Nam B. Trong lc chuyn tr thn mt, ti ni vi hai anh: "Th no ta
cng nh Ty Nguyn trc".
Vic chn Ty Nguyn lm chin trng chnh cn l suy ngh ca nhiu ng
ch khc. Thng 7-1974, khi gp ti cng nh khi gp cc anh Hong Vn Thi,
L Trng Tn Sn, anh Ba c nhc n Ty Nguyn.
ng ch L Trng Tn c ln ra tnh hung tp bi cho hc vin trng b
tc qun s cp cao: "Nu chn Ty Nguyn lm hng tin cng chin lc
ch yu th mc tiu u tin l u?". Tuyt i a s p n ca hc vin
u thng nht chn hng nam, nh vo Bun Ma Thut.
Sau ny, anh L Hu c k li: Mt bui sng ma h nm 1973, ng ch B
th th nht gi anh ln bo co tnh hnh chin s min Nam. Khi chun b ra
v, anh Ba hi:
- B Tng Tham mu ang lm g?
- D, ang d tho k hoch chin lc gii phng min Nam.
- Th ! ng ch c th bo co cho ti nghe c khng?
Lin tc trong vng hai ting ng h, anh c bo co bn cng d tho.
Anh Ba nghe rt chm ch.
Cui cng anh ch th:
- Chiu nay, mi c t sang lm vic vi ti.
79
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Bui chiu, cc anh L Trng Tn, V Lng, L Hu c sang nh ring ca

anh Ba. Sau khi nghe anh Tn bo co, ni dung gn nh anh c bo co bui
sng, anh Ba ni:
- Ti ang suy ngh nh vy. Hm nay nghe xong, T trung tm li cng c suy
ngh ca ti. Ti s bo co vi B Chnh tr.
Trn ng v, anh Tn dn anh Lng v anh c:
- Vn tuyt mt, ti trc tip bo co anh Dng v anh Vn.
Sng th ba tun sau, trc khi tho lun, anh Tn ni li ca anh Dng v
anh Vn cho ton t: "Anh Dng ch th nh ng vo Bun Ma Thut l ch
yu ch t ca ch. nh c vo y mi thng to. Lm ng l rt hp
"khu v" ca anh Vn, v c ng mi s dng c pho ln, xe tng, mi
nh ln c Anh Vn bo mnh bn k vi anh em cng binh, c gng lm
ng nh vo Bun Ma Thut. Anh cn nhc kinh nghim in Bin Ph,
bc Qung Tr. ng quan trng lm".
R rng, vic chn hng chin lc Ty Nguyn, ch yu l nam Ty Nguyn
v chn Bun Ma Thut lm mc tiu tin cng u tin khng phi mi c
t ra trong nhng ngy ny.
***
Ngy 27-9, trong bui hi cng tc ca B Chnh tr, anh Ba nu ra nm ni
dung chun b tho lun.
l ch trng k hoch ca cch mng min Nam nm 1975 v nhng nm
sau, nhim v ca qun i, t chc b my nh nc, cng tc cn b v mt
s cng vic khc. Anh gi : im ni bt trong so snh lc lng l ta ch
ng, ch b ng, th v lc ca M - ngu khc trc v c th cn khc
na. Ta phi c cch nh khin M phi chu, cn y lc lng a phng
ln gii quyt cho c chi khu, qun l, ch lc nh c tiu on, trung on,
dit sinh lc ca ch t ngoi vo trong, tin ln dit s on, th x. Cn ch
c cng. Nhm vo cc c quan u no, c s vt cht, sn bay, bn cng,
ng giao thng. Trong my nm, lm thay i so snh lc lng, to thi c,
chun b n quyt nh bng tng cng kch, tng khi ngha. Yu cu tp
trung lm k hoch, t chc lc lng, tng kt cch nh, vi tinh thn tch
cc, ch ng, kin quyt, linh hot.
80
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Cn c vo tinh thn ch th ca B Chnh tr, B Tng Tham mu b sung k

hoch chin lc. Mt bn cng mi: "K hoch ginh thng li min
Nam" mang s 172/TG1 lm xong ngy 26-8-1974.
Cng trong thi gian ny, Trung ng Cc min Nam v Qun u B2 gi ra
Trung ng v Qun u Trung ng mt k hoch hot ng ma kh 19741975 vi quyt tm ginh thng li quyt nh, hon thnh s nghip cch mng
min Nam trong hai nm 1975-1976. Nh vy l c pha trc v pha sau, t
B Chnh tr, Qun u Trung ng n cc chin trng gp nhau trong
quyt tm ginh thng li cluyt nh trong vi ba nm ti. Vn cn li l
phng n hnh ng ti u ginh thng li sm nht, gn nht, tit kim
xng mu nht.
***
Ngy 30-9-1974, Hi ngh B Chnh tr khai mc ti Tng hnh dinh. Cc ng
ch trong Qun u Trung ng, anh V Ch Cng lc ny ang c mt Th
cng c mi n d.
Trn cc bc tng quanh phng hp, Cc Tc chin treo sn nhng tm bn
qun s ln t l 1/500.000, vi cc k hiu th hin tnh hnh chin s mi
nht.
ng ch l bn trn tin cng ca qun ta tiu dit c im Nng Sn,
qun l Thng c v cc t phn kch ca cc l on ch b ta nh bi
Khu 5.
Hi ngh dnh hn hai ngy nghe bo co.
Anh Hong Vn Thi trnh by tnh hnh qun s - chnh tr ca min Nam chn
thng qua. Vi nhng dn chng c th, bn bo co cho thy i phng b
tht bi mt bc nghim trng trong m mu "bnh nh", ln chim, bc l
nhng suy yu v nhng kh khn mi. S cuc hnh qun ln chim gim dn.
Cc cuc hnh qun gii to tng ln. ch ang th i xung r rt. Tuy vy,
qun ch cn ng, ho lc, phi pho tuy rt hn ch nhng vn cn hot
ng, b my km kp cn khng ch c nhn dn trong vng ch kim sot.
T thng 4 tr i, tnh hnh chuyn bin nhanh hn. ch khng cn sc i
ph vi cc cuc tin cng v phn cng ca ta. Vng gii phng c m
rng. i vi mt s vng Ty Nguyn, Khu 5 v min ng Nam B, ch
81
i tng V Nguyn Gip
phi b hn. Tinh thn qun ngu ru r, s o ng tng gp ba ln nm

1973. ch khng cn sc nh vo tuyn ng vn chuyn chin lc ca
ta. Nu M tip tc ct gim vin tr, ngu s cn suy yu nhanh hn na. M
khng cn kh nng a qun b vo min Nam. Nu dng khng qun v hi
qun can thip, M cng khng th cu ngu khi sp .
V pha ta, phong tro chng i M - Thiu ca cc tng lp nhn dn th
ln mnh. Vng gii phng c cng c. B i ch lc c nhiu tin b,
nhng cn phi nng cao hn na trnh tc chin hip ng binh chng, nh
ch trong cng s, nh tiu dit ln.
Trong trn Thng c, tuy dit c ch, nhng qun ta nh cha tht gn.
Vic chi vin chin trng ang xc tin, nhng cn phi y mnh hn na
trong my nm ti, nht l trong nm 1975. Bo co ngh cho tuyn thm 15
vn chin s mi vo cui nm 1974 v 6 vn na vo u nm 1975 c
lc lng thc hin k hoch ginh thng li. y l mt s lng rt cao so
vi t l dn s, nhng khng th lm khc c.
Tip , anh L Trng Tn bo co n k hch, chin lc hai nm v ring
nm 1975, vi quyt tm hon thnh s nghip gii phng min Nam trong hai
nm 1975-1976.
K hoch chin lc gm hai bc:
Bc 1 (1975): Tranh th bt ng, tin cng ln v rng khp nhm:
1. nh bi v c bn k hoch "bnh nh" ca ch, tiu dit v lm tan r mt
b phn quan trng qun ngu, gii phng v lm ch phn ln nng thn ng
bng sng Cu Long, vng ven Si Gn, ng bng Khu 5 v Tr - Thin.
2. M thng hnh lang chin lc t nam Ty Nguyn xung min ng Nam
B v ba tnh pha nam Khu 5, t Ty Ninh xung bc Si Gn, t Ty Ninh
xung Long An, xung ty nam Si Gn, t Kin Phong, Kin Tng n M
Tho. M cc cn c bn p, p st cc th v cn c trng yu ca ch.
3. Ph hu mt b phn quan trng phng tin chin tranh, tim lc kinh t,
ct giao thng ch.
4. Thc y phong tro th pht trin.
5. Xy dng lc lng, cng c vng gii phng, chun b chin trng, to
iu kin cho bc hai.
82
i tng V Nguyn Gip
K hoch chin lc nm 1975 chia lm ba t:

- t 1: T thng 12-1974 n thng 2-1975, l t tin cng c mc . Hot
ng ch yu ng bng sng Cu Long v min ng Nam B.
t 2: L t ch yu. T thng 3 n thng 6-1975, m chin dch tin cng
quy m ln trn chin trng nam Ty Nguyn v cc chin dch phi hp
min ng Nam B, bc Khu 5 v Tr - Thin. ng bng sng Cu Long,
tip tc tin cng v ni dy, m mng, m vng, nh ph "bnh nh".
t 3: T thng 8 n thng 10-1975 l t pht trin thng li bng y mnh
hot ng Tr - Thin v Khu 5, ng thi chun b lc lng sn sng thc
hin phng n thi c.
Bc 2 (1976): Thc hin tng cng kch, tng khi ngha, gii phng hon
ton min Nam.
V hng chin lc v nhim v ca tng chin trng, B Tng Tham mu
ngh:
- Tr - Thin, Qung l chin trng nh ph "bnh nh", tiu dit lc
lng ch, gii phng i b phn nng thn, chia ct chin lc.
- Ty Nguyn (trng im l nam Ty Nguyn) l chin trng ch yu ca ch
lc tiu dit lc lng ch.
- Nam B: ng bng sng Cu Long v vng ven Si Gn l chin trng ch
yu nh ph "bnh nh" nhm hon thnh th bao vy v c lp Si Gn.
Min ng l chin trng ca ch lc, tiu dit lc lng ch, m mng, m
vng, m hnh lang Ty Ninh v phi hp vi Khu 8 m hnh lang Kin Phong
- Kin Tng, to bn p p st Si Gn - M Tho.
V thi c chin lc, B Tng Tham mu d kin thi c c th xut hin
trong ba tnh hung:
1. Khi ta nh mnh nht vo t hai nm 1975.
2. Ngay trong ma ma Nam B.
3. Nhng thng cui nm 1975, khi ngu t chc bu tng thng.
Phng hng l: "Kim ch M, nh ngu, hn ch chin tranh phm vi
min Nam, ng thi sn sng i ph phn ng quyt lit ca M bng khng
qun, hi qun v qun cu ho".
83
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Trong bn bo co, B Tng Tham mu cng trnh by c th k hoch hu cn

chin lc lm c s cho vic t k hoch tc chin chin lc v nhng mc
tiu cn t ti, nht l trong nm 1975, v kh nng can thip tr li ca M
khi ta nh ln, kh nng vt cht k thut ca ta nh ln, v kh nng ni
dy ca qun chng cc th, nht l Si Gn.
Ti pht biu kin b sung, nu r lc ny th v lc ca ta ang pht trin
nhanh chng theo chiu hng c li. Tnh hnh cho php ta chun b ngay
k hoch tin ti tng cng kch, m u l t chc cc t tin cng tiu dit
ln qun ch, sau nh vo cc thnh ph. ch cn c nhng ch mnh.
Xng sng ca ch l qun i ngu, c coi l mnh nht trong cc i
qun tay sai ca quc. Bn cnh chng, vn cn c vn v nhn vin qun s
M. u no ca chng ang cc th, nht l Si Gn. K hoch bnh
nh c chng coi l c s, to ngun d tr thc hin "Vit Nam ho
chin tranh". Tuy nhin, ch ang trn i xung. Vin tr M khng ngng
b ct gim. Tinh thn qun ngu ru r, binh s phn ln b bt buc i lnh, sc
chin u st km r rt. Ngu quyn cng suy yu trm trng. Mu thun gia
chng vi ch M ngy cng tng. Ngu quyn Si Gn ang ng trc nhng
kh khn v kinh t - x hi v phng cu vn. quc M ang lng tng.
Phong tro phn chin t sau Hip nh Paris cng ln cao. Nn lm pht xut
hin. ng Cng ho b v b bi Oatght tri cht chn tay. M rt kh a
qun tr li min Nam. y l hon cnh khch quan ht sc thun li, ta cn
tn dng, khng c b l.
Kh khn ca ch l thun li ca ta. Cch mng min Nam ang chuyn mnh
theo hng i ln. Chin trng Nam B bc vo mt ma ma cha tng c.
Bt chp thi tit kh khn, qun v dn ta y mnh mi mt hot ng to th
mi v lc mi, c vt cht v tinh thn. Ta tiu dit mt b phn kh ln sinh
lc ca ch, gi vng cc "lm gii phng" ng bng sng Cu Long, xung
quanh Si Gn, gi vng vng gii phng v cn c a rng ln, duy tr c
th uy hip ch v mt chin lc. Vic chun b c s vt cht, d tr cho
chin u cng rt kh quan. Ngnh hu cn, on Trng Sn vn chuyn
vi khi lng ln, "lt " hng vn tn n dc, lng thc, xng du, to
thm th mnh, chun b cho b i chin u trong mt nm ri, xy dng
84
i tng V Nguyn Gip
lc lng, nht l xy dng nhng "qu m ch lc", thu c nhiu kt qu.

B i ch lc trin khai hu ht min Nam.
Ti c bit lu hi ngh v trn Thng c, qua thy r khi khng da
c vo s chi vin ln ca khng qun M, khi khng cn nhiu n pho
s dng th sc chin u ca qun ngu rt yu c trong tin cng cng nh
trong phng ng. Cui cng, ti khng nh thi c chin luc n, cn khn
trng chun b mi mt, i i vi y mnh u tranh chnh tr, cn c nhng
trn quyt chin chin lc tiu dit ln qun ch ginh ton thng.
Cc ng ch trong B Chnh tr pht biu kin rt si ni. Thn trng, khc
chit, rch ri tng , anh Trng Chinh nu r M ang ng trc hai s la
chn: hoc l thay nga gia dng nh thay Ng nh Dim trc kia, hoc
l can thip c mc cu vn tnh th. Ta cn li dng thi c M ang b
bi v nhiu mt, tranh th ginh thng li quyt nh.
Anh Phm Vn ng nhc li ln gp Ktxinhgi nm ngoi. Tr li cu hi:
Dn tc Vit Nam ba ln thng qun Nguyn. Cn cc ng, liu cc ng nh
chng ti my ln? Nh ngoi giao Hoa K gi ln mt ngn tay. Ri anh
khng nh: Nc M ang b bi lm! Cho ko, qun M cng khng dm tr
li Vit Nam.
Anh Nguyn Duy Trinh cng ng nh vy, v ni tip: Tuy nhin, ta vn cn
phi phng.
Mi ngi u nht tr mt khi M rt qun ra th kh lng tr vo li min
Nam. Vo bng lc qun kh, cn nu vo bng khng qun th khng quyt
nh c chin trng, lm sao cu c ngu? M gp nhiu kh khn
trong v ngoi nc, kh nng vin tr cho ngu ngy cng gim. D chng c
can thip th no i chng na th cng khng th cu vn c s sp ca
ngu. Ta ginh quyn ch ng trn chin trng, to c th chin lc
vng chc t Bc n Nam. Lc lng qun s, d tr vt cht c tng
cng. H thng ng chin lc, chin dch ang tip tc hon chnh.
th min Nam, phong tro u tranh i ho bnh, dn sinh, dn ch, i c lp
dn tc i lt Thiu ang pht trin. Vai tr ca Mt trn dn tc gii
phng, ca Lin minh cc lc lng dn tc, dn ch, ho bnh ngy cng c
85
i tng V Nguyn Gip
nng cao. R rng, ngu suy yu nghim trng ton din. min Nam, ta
mnh hn ch.
V k hoch chin lc, hi ngh thy rng hai nm 1975 v 1976 u c v tr
quan trng, nhng nm 1975 l nm bn l, to iu kin mi mt trong nm
1976 ginh thng li cui cng. Nm 1975, ta bt u n tin cng nam Ty
Nguyn, kt hp vi m vng, m mng ng bng sng Cu Long, ni lin
Ty nguyn vi min ng Nam B. Phi thc hin tt k hoch nm 1975
n nm 1976. Phi to cho c yu t bt ng c th dn n nhng bc
pht trin nhy vt.
i vi M, cn kt hp vi u tranh ngoi giao loi tr kh nng can thip,
ng thi phi c k hoch c th phng chin tranh ph hoi bng khng
qun, hi qun, nht l khi ngu ng trc nguy c sp .
Tnh th cch mng ang chn mui. Mt cuc sc cui cng gia ta v ch
tt yu s din ra v s sp hon ton ca ngu qun, ngu quyn min Nam
l khng th trnh khi.
Hi ngh nht tr ph duyt k hoch chin lc c bn d tho ln th by do
B Tng Tham mu chun b. Hi ngh nhn mnh yu cu phi c k hoch
to thi c v n thi c, nht l khi Thiu . Trong bt k tnh hung no
cng khng c l thi c khi thi c chin lc xut hin. "Nu thi c
n vo u hoc cui nm 1975 th lp tc gii phng min Nam trong nm
1975".
V hng chin lc, Hi ngh ra b i ch lc phi chun b trn c hai
hng:
- Ty Nguyn, trng im l nam Ty Nguyn, l hng chin lc rt quan
trng.
- Min ng Nam B l hng quyt nh cui cng.
Ty Nguyn c chn lm chin trng ch yu trong cuc tin cng ln v
rng khp nm 1975.
V cch nh chin lc, chin dch, cn kt hp u tranh v trang v u
tranh chnh tr, kt hp ba mi gip cng (qun s, chnh tr, binh vn), nh
ch trn c ba vng chin lc (rng ni, nng thn ng bng, thnh th). B
i ch lc phi nh nhng trn quyt chin, nh tiu dit ln trn chin
86
i tng V Nguyn Gip
trng rng ni, phi hp vi cc chin dch tng hp ng bng sng Cu

Long v Khu 5. Ch chia ct chin lc, ct giao thng, to iu kin n ra ly
khai, binh bin.
Cng tc t tng phi lnh o ton ng, ton dn, ton qun qun trit quyt
tm chin lc ca ng, t chc, ng vin mi lc lng, pht huy sc mnh
tng hp ca chin tranh nhn dn ginh thng li to ln, tin ln ginh thng
li cui cng.
Sng 8-10-1974, ng ch B th th nht kt lun hi ngh. ng ch nu r sau
by ngy tho lun, B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng v cc ng ch lnh
o chin trng c s nht tr quan trng l n lc h quyt tm hon
thnh cch mng dn tc dn ch min Nam. T 30 nm nay, cuc khng
chin ca ta i vo mt im ca thi i. nh cho M ra l v i. Nay
hon thnh c cch mng dn tc dn ch, m ra k nguyn Vit Nam th li
cng v i.
ng ch phn tch th i xung ca ngu, th thua ca M, th thng, th i ln
ca cch mng. V thi c chin lc, ng ch ni: "Do s pht trin ca tnh
hnh, B Chnh tr h quyt tm hon thnh cch mng dn tc dn ch min
Nam. Lc ny, chng ta ang c thi c. Hai mi nm chin u mi to c
thi c ny, chng ta phi bit nm ly a s nghip gii phng dn tc n
thng li hon ton. Ngoi thi c ny, khng c thi c no khc. Nu chm
mi lm nm na, bn ngu gng dy c, cc th lc xm lc hi phc,
mnh ln, th tnh hnh s phc tp v cng. Thi c ny i hi phi lm
nhanh, lm gn, lm trit , nhng phi khn kho".
" thc hin quyt tm chin lc y phi c chin lc tng hp ca chin
tranh nhn dn. Kt hp qun s, chnh tr, ni dy v tin cng, tin cng v
ni dy, nh ch nng thn, ng bng, th, cng ch ra m nh, bao
vy v tiu dit, vi mt i qun chnh tr rt mnh, mt i qun qun s rt
mnh. Quyt tm l qun i. y l lc lng quyt nh.
Cn c k hoch xy dng, tc chin, rt cp bch vi tinh thn khn trng,
quyt thng".
Cui cng ng ch khng nh:
87
i tng V Nguyn Gip
"Quyt tm ca ta l ng vin n lc ca ton ng, ton qun, ton dn c

hai min, m cuc tng cng kch, tng khi ngha cui cng, a chin tranh
cch mng pht trin n mc cao nht, tiu dit v lm tan r ton b qun
ngu, nh chim Si Gn, so huyt trung tm ca ch cng nh tt c cc
thnh th khc, nh ngu quyn trung ng v cc cp, ginh ton b min
Nam, hon thnh cch mng dn tc dn ch nhn dn trong c nc, tin ti
thng nht nc nh.
Ngay t by gi, phi tin hnh mi cng vic chun b tht khn trng, to
iu kin v c s vt cht y nht, nh mnh, nh nhanh, thng gn
v thng trit trong thi gian hai nm 1975-1976. Thi c ny khng cho
php lng chng, do d".
Hi ngh vang di ting v tay di.
Trong khng kh phn khi, quyt tm, ti ng ln ha trc ng: "Ton
qun s kin quyt thc hin bng c nhim v lch s m ng ch B th
th nht thay mt ang trao cho qun i".
Cc i biu l cn b qun s hp ngy hm y u cm thy mt trch nhim
ln lao nng ln i vai ca mnh trong bc ngot quyt nh ca cch
mng. Lt trang u cun s cng tc cn trng, ti ghi bng nt ln: "Quyt
tm chin lc, quyt chin lch s", mt quyt tm ln trong thng 9-1974
ng ghi nh.
Mi ngy hp ca B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng nh du mt mc
quan trng trong qu trnh B thng soi ti cao ch o giai on cui cng ca
chin tranh. Sau mt nm trin khai phng hng chin lc do Ngh quyt
Trung ng 21 ra, chin trng chuyn bin nhanh theo hng c li. y l
thi im m lnh o khi u bn ti quyt tm chin lc v mt s vn
c bn c lin quan n vic h quyt tm.
Ginh thng li hon ton, gii phng min Nam l mt vic ht sc trng i,
ht sc kh khn, phc tp.
Ngh thut qun s l ngh thut ca cc kh nng.
Nhn thc l mt qu trnh. Khi u chin tranh cng nh kt thc chin tranh
c lin quan mt thit n vn mnh ca t nc, ca dn tc. Mt quyt tm
chin lc ch c th ng khi c cc yu t ch quan v khch quan cn
88
i tng V Nguyn Gip
thit. T nhng bc chun b c th, to th, to lc, n lc tnh hnh chn

mui, s to ra bc nhy vt cch mng, c khi vt mi d kin ban u.
thi im nng bng ny, tr tu ca lnh o tp trung soi sng con ng i
ti ton thng ca dn tc, vch r phng hng v bin php ging n quyt
chin chin lc cui cng.
Cc chuyn bin trn chin trng min Nam cung cp cho ta nhiu d liu
quan trng. Trn Thng c l thc o sc chin u ca qun ta v qun
ngu.
Cuc rt chy khi Tng L Chn l ting kn lui qun bc nhc ca ch.
Nchxn buc phi ri gh Tng thng M l biu hin th trng bnh hon ca
mt tn xm lc khng l bt lc.
Tt c cho php B thng soi ti cao rt ra nhng kt lun anh thp. l:
- Trn chin trng min Nam, ta ang pht trin th ch ng chin lc, y
ch vo thb ng phng ng.
Sc chin u ca ta hn hn qun ch lc c ng ca ngu.
- M khng th a qun tr li, cng kh lng cu ngu khi sp .
- Thi c chin lc ang pht trin nhanh chng n chn mui.
Ngay sau hi ngh, ti ch th cho B Tng Tham mu b sung k hoch, ng
thi truyn t ngay nhim v v k hoch qun s bc u c B Chnh
tr thng qua n cc chin trng. V tuyn qun, thc t c nhng kh
khn gay gt. Tng qun s lc ny chim hn 50% s trai t 18 n 25 tui
hin c trong c nc. Trong khi , yu cu tuyn thm 17 vn qun trong nm
1975 (tng 50% so vi nm 1973 v nm 1974) l cao nhng rt cn thit. Ti
yu cu bt k tnh hung no cng phi c lc lng chin u cho min
Nam ginh thng li, d c phi tuyn thm tui t 26 n 30 v mt phn
khu vc hc sinh, sinh vin v cn b, cng nhn vin nh nc. Ring v hu
cn, ti nhn mnh y l vn c ngha quan trng hng u. Phi chun b
cho hai nm 1975 v 1976, t nht cng phi cho mt nm ri, v mt l
gin n l nu khng c go, n, nhin liu th b i khng nh ln c.
Cn hon chnh trc ng chin lc trc ma kh c th vn chuyn c
hai ma vo ti Lc Ninh, ng thi gp rt pht trin mng ng chin dch
89
i tng V Nguyn Gip
n cc mc tiu tin cng theo d kin. H thng kho, trm cng nh k hoch
vn chuyn phi c trin khai hon chnh.
Ti cng yu cu Tng cc Chnh tr tin hnh tt cng tc t tng, cng tc
ng vin chnh tr, c ng chin trng. Qua kinh nghim cuc Tng tin
cng v ni dy Tt Mu Thn 1968, cng tc ny pht huy tc dng, c v
mnh m kh th tin cng ca qun v dn min Nam, thng tin, c ng hu
phng min Bc hng v tin tuyn ln, phi hp cng min Nam nh gic.
Cng vi tin thng trn v cc bn thng co chin thng, nhng bi bnh lun
qun s ca Quyt Thng, ca Cu Long, ca Chin Trng thng qua cc c
quan thng tin i chng, mt thi lm nc lng c nc, hng mi tri tim
theo cng mt ch tin cng v ni dy, ni dy v tin cng, quyt chin v
quyt thng.
Cc c quan Tng hnh dinh lm vic khng k ngy m. Ai cng mun gp
phn cng sc, tr tu ca mnh, pht huy cao chc nng tham mu ca c
quan chin lc i vi chin trng, chun b cho ma thi ua lp cng hng
mong i.
90
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ch thch:
(1) im xung yu.
(2) u nm 1974, anh Hong Vn Thi sau khi cha bnh ti Cng ho dn
ch c, v l do sc khe, li min Bc v nhn nhim v Ph Tng Tham
mu trng th nht. Th trng B Quc phng. Anh Trn Vn Tr ln thay
lm T lnh B2.
91
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Chng 4
H QUYT TM CHIN LC
Sau cuc hp thng 10-1974, B Chnh tr thy cn c thm thi gian nh gi

tnh hnh k hn, tho lun su hn, xy dng k hoch y hn, i ti h
quyt tm chin lc c c s khoa hc, bo m chc thng. B Chnh tr
quyt nh triu tp Hi ngh B Chnh tr m rng t ngy 18-12-1974 thng
qua quyt tm ln cui cng.
u thng 12, cc anh Phm Hng, Trn Vn Tr, Phan Vn ng (Nam B),
V Ch Cng, Chu Huy Mn (Khu 5) c mt H Ni. Ti v B Tng
Tham mu gp v lm vic vi cc anh, tranh th thm kin ca chin
trng v k hoch chin lc, v hng tin cng chin lc, v mc tiu tin
cng. Cc anh cng tip xc, trao i kin vi mt s ng ch trong B
Chnh tr, chun b cho cuc hp quan trng sp ti.
V k hoch chin lc hai nm 1975-1976, mi ngi u c bn nht tr. V
hng chin trng chnh, c hai kin: mt l chn Ty Nguyn; hai l
chn min ng Nam B, Ty Nguyn ch nh c Lp m ng vo
ng Nam B. V mc tiu tin cng, c mt cuc tranh lun si ni gia
B Tng Tham mu vi on cn b B2 xung quanh k hoch tc chin m u
ma kh 1974-1975 ca B T lnh Min. Cc ng ch B2, vi thc tin v
kinh nghim chin u, nm tnh hnh ch ti ch, ch trng trc ht nh
ng Xoi, chi khu qun l v l v tr then cht ca tnh Phc Long. Tip
tin nh Phc Long, ginh mt chin thng m u vang di. Cc ng ch
B Tng Tham mu, trc tnh hnh ta rt thiu n, nht l n sng ln, ch
trng nh B ng, B Na l nhng v tr quan trng hn pha bc ng
Xoi c thm n pho chin li phm nh ng Xoi. Cui cng mi
ngi thng nht kin v k hoch tin cng v mc tiu tin cng l B
ng, B Na, ng Xoi v c Phc Long, mc d lc u B Tng Tham
mu khng t ra nhim v nh mc tiu ny.
92
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Cc ng ch trong B Chnh tr, Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh cng

chp nhn k hoch v mc tiu tin cng nh vy. K hoch ma kh ca B2
v th cng khng b o ln.
Theo ti ngh, trong ch o chin tranh, c kin khc nhau l rt bnh thng,
min sao cng c chung mc ch tm ra phng n ti u ginh thng li.
Nhng cuc tranh lun nh vy l cn thit i n thng nht, v l biu hin
tt ca mi quan h gia c quan tham mu chin lc vi cc ng ch c
trch nhim chin trng. Vn quan trng l ch bit lng nghe v tn
trng kin ca nhau, bnh tnh, sng sut thao lun trn tnh ng ch vi tinh
thn trch nhim cao, khng ch quan, p t.
Cn nh r, trong nhng ngy ny, ti a anh Trn Vn Tr ln Sn Ty thm
mt n v pho binh. Hm y, tri ma rt, xe phi vt qua nhiu qung
ng ly li, y nhng g. Cc chin s "chn ng vai st" n chng ti
rt trang nghim m cng rt thn tnh.
Bit anh Tr ang cn s dng pho B2, ti a anh i xem cc khu pho
76,2mm, KZ 57mm, v ni:
- Chng ti chun b cho anh nhng ci ny.
Anh Tr hi li:
- Khu ny nng bao nhiu?
- Hai t. Nhng khi lo! a n ch anh, n s c tho ri ra, cho xung
xung ui tm ri vc vo.
Anh Tr vui v ngm cc khu pho. Ti thng cm vi ng ch T lnh B2.
Anh l ngi hng hi nu kin nh Phc Long. Anh nhiu ln ngh
c s dng pho trong ma kh 1974-1975. Do nhit tnh ca anh v ngh
ca on B2, trong mt ln gp ring, anh Ba v Qun u ng B2 c
s dng mt i i pho 130mm vo trn nh Phc Long.
Ti tranh th ni thm vi anh v ch trng ca B Chnh tr v Qun u
Trung ng cn gi kn chin lc cha cho xut hin xe tng v pho ln
min ng Nam B tn dng yu t bt ng. Nu dng, phi xin kin ca
B Tng t lnh. Hn na, cn s dng tit kim pho v xe tng, v t sau khi
Hip nh Paris c k kt, Lin X, Trung Quc u chm dt vin tr cc
93
i tng V Nguyn Gip
loi ny cho ta. n pho 105mm v 130mm, bn xong, ta phi em v v np

li tip tc s dng.
y cng l vn m cc chin trng u thy r, c bit l Qun khu 5. T
thng 8-1974, anh Tr cng bo co bng in v tnh hnh n sng ln ca
B2.
D kin n cui nm, trong cc n v ch lc v kho ca Min ch cn 4.800
vin n ci 120mm, 1.190 vin n ci 160mm, 6.500 vin n pho 130mm,
300 vin n lu pho 105mm. Anh cng ngh B Tng t lnh y mnh
vn chuyn n ln vo u ma kh cho B2.
Cuc i thm n v pho li mt n tng tt.
Trn ng v, ti suy ngh vn s dng pho binh trong giai on cui cng
ca chin tranh. Nhng trang s qun s v vai tr ca pho binh, t Naplng
n Stalin, Giucp, Bnh c Hoi, tr li trong u. Ti ngh n b hc kinh
nghim s dng pho binh trong chin dch lch s in Bin Ph. Khng mt
ai ph nhn vai tr ca pho binh trong thi im quyt nh. Vn l khi no
s dng, lm sao pho binh c ng c vo chin trng, v nht l c c
s n cn thit.
***
T Hi ngh B Chnh tr thng 10-1974 n lc ny, th v lc ca cch mng
min Nam mnh thm nhiu. Cng vi s ra i ca cc qun on, khi ch
lc ca cc qun khu pht trin nhanh chng. B i a phng v dn qun du
kch cng c xy dng mnh hn. T thng 7-1974, ta m cc cuc tin cng
vo phng tuyn vnh ngoi ca ch sut t Tr - Thin n Nam B.
Trong vng su thng, cc lc lng v trang ca Qun khu Tr - Thin, Qun
khu 5 v Qun on II ba ln ginh thng li lin tip trn chin trng Tr
Thin - Hu v Qung Nam - Nng. Vi thng li ca chin dch Thng
c, qun ta tiu dit mt b phn sinh lc ch, m rng vng gii phng
Qung , to nn mt bn p tin cng quan trng uy hip Nng t,
hng ty nam. Vi chin thng La Sn, M Tu, ta nh thit hi nng S
on 1 ngu, s on mnh nht ca ch Qun khu I, m rng vng gii
phng nam Tha Thin, to mt bn p tin cng th hai, uy hip mnh m
giao thng, chin lc ca ch gia Hu v Nng. Vi bn thng bo v
94
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Thng c, ta gi vng khu vc bn p quan trng ny, nh tan s on d

ngu, "con ch bi" ca lc lng tng d b chin lc ca chng.
Ty Nguyn, qun ta nh chim chi khu qun s, qun l Mng en v
Mng Bt (Kon Tum), tiu dit qun ch lc ngu Ch Ngh, c Pt.
Ti min ng Nam B, ta gii phng mt vng rng ln pha nam ng s
7, uy hip th x Bnh Dng, cn c ng D v s ch huy Qun on III
ngu Bin Ho. ng bng sng Cu Long, Qun khu 9 y mnh tin cng
ch nhm to th cho cuc tin cng ln trn ton min vo u nm i975, dit
v bc rt hng trm n ch, gii phng 4.000 p vi 80 vn dn. Qun khu 8,
sau mt thi gian kh khn, vn ln nh ch, ginh li Vng IV Kin
Tng, m rng vng gii phng ng Thp Mi, dit nhiu n ch, gii
phng hn 200 p.
Chp hnh Ngh quyt Hi ngh Qun u Trung ng ngy 18-12-1972, hu cn
chin lc cng vi hu cn cc chin trng trin khai mnh cng vic chun
b theo k hoch ba nm (1973-1975) bo m cho cc tnh hung chin tranh.
Vng gii phng c xy dng v cng c, bc u thc hin hu cn ti ch.
Cc tuyn giao thng vn ti chin lc c xy dng, pht trin v hon
thin. Cc cn c hu cn chin lc, chin dch c iu chinh b tr. Ta
tiu dit, bc rt cc v tr ch khng ch hnh lang ng Trng Sn, m
thng tuyn vn ti chin lc qua chin trng Tr - Thin, Khu 5, Ty Nguyn
vo ti Lc Ninh, a tng s chiu di mng ng vn ti qun s chin lc
ln 16.790 km vi 6 trc dc, c ng v Ty di Trng Sn, to thun li
cho vic chi vin chin trng, c ng lc lng. H thng ng ng dn du
c lp t hon chnh t min Bc vo ti min ng Nam B.
Thng li ca qun v dn ta lm chuyn bin thm mt bc so snh lc
lng trn chin trng. B Tng Tham mu bo co vi Qun u Trung ng
mt nhn nh chin lc: "Kh nng chin u ca b i ch lc c ng ca
ta hn hn qun ch lc c ng ca ch. Chin tranh bc vo giai
on, cui, so snh lc lng thay i, ta mnh ln, ch yu i. Do ta c
th v cn phi chuyn t nh nhm tiu dit sinh lc ch l chnh sang nh
chng nhng tiu dit sinh lc ch m cn nhm gii phng nhn dn v gi
t; t ch qun ch lc ta ly tiu dit qun ch lc ch trn chin trng rng
95
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ni l ch yu sang tiu dit ch v gii phng nhn dn, gii phng t c

vng gip ranh, ng bng v thnh ph.
min Bc, thc hin k hoch khi phc v pht trn kinh t hai nm 19741975, nhn dn ta thu c kt qu ng k. Cng nghip, nng nghip, giao
thng vn ti c nhiu c gng. i sng nhn dn n nh.
Hu phng ln chi vin 264.000 qun v mt khi lng ln vt t chin tranh
gn 50 vn tn gm v kh, xng du, lng thc, thc phm, thuc men cho
chin trng. B i ch lc khn trng hun luyn chin u, lun t th
sn sng xut qun.
***
Sng ngy 10-12, ti cho gi Cc Qun bo n S ch huy bo co thm tnh
hnh mi nht Ty Nguyn, c anh L Ngc Hin, Tng Tham mu ph cng
d.
Bt u lm vic, ti dn anh Phan Bnh, Cc trng Cc Qun bo:
- Cc anh bo co ngn gn, v Qun u khng c nhiu thi gian nghe di.
Thi gian by gi l lc lng y.
Anh Phan Bnh gii thiu ng ch Nguyn Thanh, Trng phng 70 (1) bo
co. Sau khi dn chng nhng bin php m Nguyn Vn Thiu va ra trong
cuc hp khn cp vi cc t lnh qun on, qun khu hi u thng hng i
ph vi cc hot ng ng Xun 1975 ca ta, ng ch Trng phng 70 bo
co c th trn bn lc lng ch b tr Ty Nguyn theo ngun tin mi
nht: bc Ty Nguyn, chng iu Trung on 47 ng bng Khu 5 v Lin
on 4 bit ng qun Si Gn tng cng cho Pleiku, lp B ch huy chin
trng Kon Tum trc tip ch huy bn lin on bit ng qun s 6, 21, 22, 23,
lp B ch huy Pleiku - Qung c trc tip ch huy ba trung on ca S 23 v
ba lin on bit ng qun s 4, 24, 25. S on 23 c nhim v gi Plyku l
ch yu. nam Ty Nguyn, ch ch Trung on 53 thuc S 23 ng
Bun Ma Thut v Lin on 24 bit ng qun Qung c, do s ch huy
nh S on 23 ch huy.
Thiu ang cho gp rt thnh lp ba l on tng tr b Si Gn v tp trung
ton b s d Nng, hnh thnh hai khi c ng chin lc quy m s
on trn hai hng, sn sng c ng i ph vi ta.
96
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Va nghe bo co, ti va xem k bn b tr binh lc ca ch, hi thm mt

vi iu, ri kt lun:
- Th l r. ch b tr binh lc rt phn tn, dn mng. Lc lng c ng
chin lc ang gp kh khn v cc s on tng tr b u phi gn vo cc
chin trng, mu thun gia phn tn v tp trung rt cng thng. Tinh thn
qun ngu bt u suy yu, mt n inh. c bit tnh hnh ni b M khng
hong v vin tr M gim nhiu tc ng su sc n ngu qun, ngu
quyn. Nhng nhn t trn l l la ang m chy trong lng ch. N s bng
ln thiu chy chng khi thi c n.
Quay sang anh L Ngc Hin, ti ni tip:
- Cc anh ch hng Ty Nguyn rt yu, song li him yu. ch tp trung
nhiu bc Ty Nguyn, cn nam Ty Nguyn rt yu v s h. Cn M th
th lc chng chin tranh chim u th c trong Quc hi. M khng d g
rt i li quay tr li. Nhng Cc 2 vn phi ht sc ch , theo di hot ng
ca khng qun v hi qun M.
c thm nhiu d kin v tham s gip cho B thng soi ti cao h quyt
tm chin lc.
Ngy 18-12-1974, Hi ngh B Chnh tr m rng hp ti Tng hnh dinh. Ngi
nh mi bng n kn di nhng tn l cy dy c, vi nhng cn hm lm
vic kin c, ni tng din ra nhiu cuc hp c mt ca B Chnh tr v
Qun u Trung ng, hm nay li chng kin mt s kin lch s c ngha
quyt nh.
Ln cui cng, ch v tr tu ca ng tp trung cao , lp k by mu, h
quyt tm ginh ton thng.
D hp, ngoi cc u vin B Chnh tr Trung ng ng, c cc ng ch
trong Qun u Trung ng, cc ng ch lnh o, ch huy cc chin trng, cc
Ph Tng Tham mu trng ph trch tc chin.
Hi ngh c chun b kh cng phu. Cc c quan chin lc ca ng, ca
qun i v ca Nh nc lm vic ngy m, pht huy ht chc nng tham
mu chin lc, d tho k hoch, cung cp thng tin. B Chnh tr v Qun u
Trung ng tp trung suy ngh v cc vn t ra trong cuc hp thng 10-
97
i tng V Nguyn Gip
1974 v nhng vn mi ny sinh. i biu cc chin trng ra hp, mang

theo nhiu tnh hnh, nhn nh, nhiu kin ngh v yu cu mi.
ng ch B th th nht khai mc hi ngh. V vui ti l r trn nt mt, anh
Ba nu r mc ch hi ngh ln ny l tho lun i n h quyt tm chin
lc ln cui cng. Anh yu cu mi ngi bo co k tnh hnh, cng nhau bn
cho ra l, ri v m thc hin cho ng, cho tt, khng s mt thi gian.
Thay mt B Tng tham mu, anh L Ngc Hin trnh by d kin k hoch
hot ng qun s nm 1975. y l bn d tho ln th tm, trn c s bn k
hoch c B Chnh tr thng qua hi thng 10, c b sung mt s im v
iu chnh mt s ch tiu, sau khi trao i thng nht vi cc chin trng.
Bn bo co tuy c chun b nhiu ln, nhng cha tho mn yu cu ca
lnh o. Anh Hong Vn Thi pht biu b sung, cng vn cha p ng. Cc
vn trnh by cha cht. Phn tnh hnh cn nng v qun s, cha nm chc
c cc din bin v chnh tr, kinh t, x hi. Tnh hnh cc th min Nam
nm khng c k. Phn k hoch qun s nm 1976 cha hnh thnh r nt.
Cc anh B2 vn vng mc v cha thy ni n vic nh ng Xoi. V
hng tin cng chin lc, cng c kin mun nh c Lp m ng
vo min ng Nam B.
Thay mt Qun u Trung ng, ti xut mt s kin:
- Ln ny bn khoch 1975-1976, chng ta cn nm vng yu cu ca quyt
tm chin lc. Tinh thn l phi tht kin quyt, tht tp trung. Nm 1972, trn
chin trng Qung Tr, ta to c thi c rt tt. Lc , thnh ph Hu
hn lon, th trn ca ch Qun khu I rung ng rt d. Th nhng chng ta
ch a mt lc lng khng ln lm vt qua sng Qung Tr, cng v ng
s cha thng, cng tc bo m khng theo kp. V th m ch gng li
c, chng a s on d v s on thu qun lc chin ra phn kch chim
li Thnh c.
Thi c lc u c th n vi mc bnh thng. Nhng nu ta li dng tt, s
to nn thi c mi cao hn v t pht trin thnh thi c t bin. Khi ni
n li dng trit thi c chin lc l phi ni n vic chun b sn lc
lng d b chin lc tht mnh, c k hoch tc chin v k hoch bo m
tht y th mi c th thc hin c.
98
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Trong k hoch qun s 1975-1976, cn ghi r: Phi c trn tiu dit ln nam
Ty Nguyn bng cch nh ch ang vn ng. Yu cu l phi dit t ba n
nm s on ch trong mt t hot ng mnh v gn, ch khng c ko
di l th. K hoch phi nu r dit ch Ty Nguyn, m u bng nh
Bun Ma Thut. C th sau khi ta tiu dit Bun Ma Thut, ch s dao ng,
ri lon, lc ta phi chp ly thi c gii phng Hu. Nu lc ta chm
chn, mi mt, ma ma n th l mt thi c. Cho nn phi c k hoch
bao vy chia ct ngay t by gi, khng cho ch co cm chin lc, rt v
min ng Nam B hay rt v pha ng dc theo b bin Trung B. Trong
nm 1975 ny, ta khng nht thit phi c ng Qun on I. Phi tp trung n
li m hun luyn cho tt, bo m lun lun sn sng. Phi ht sc khn
trng, ht sc tp trung. Nu c thi c th s dng Qun on I. Nu thi c
cha xut hin, th ta cng mnh ln n thi c mi.
Chng ta phi ch ng to ra thi c, ch khng th b ng ngi ch. Khi thi
c n th ph kin quyt, kp thi chp ly thi c. Phi tch cc pht trin ci
ng, ci hay ca ta, khot su ci nhc im, ci sai lm ca ch th tt yu
thi c s xut hin. H quyt tm hon thnh cch mng dn tc dn ch trong
hai nm 1975-1976 l ng. Nhng k hoch cn phng tnh hung sm hn,
trong nm 1975, v c tnh hung ko di qua nm 1977. Nh vy mi ch
ng, vng vng.
***
Trong phn tho lun, hi ngh nghe anh Vn Tin Dng pht biu v vn s
dng binh lc, nu r vic vn ng cch nh phi th hin ngay trong bc
xy dng k hoch v pht trin k hoch. Hin nay, trng tm ca ta l ginh
thng li ng bng. cho c vng chc hn, c iu kin xy dng
lc lng ng bng, tc chin quy m ln, nht thit phi c hng lang ni
lin ng bng vi cn c. Ch lc min ng phi phi hp thc hin nhim
v ny.
Trong k hoch t hai, phi nghin cu cch nh cho ch v ra, m khng
phi s dng nhiu lc lng.
99
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Cn phi tnh n phn ng ca M. Cng khng loi tr kh nng ngu suy

sp nhanh chng. Khi ta nh mnh, phong tro th ln, thi c s xut hin.
Chnh lc y li cng phi cnh gic.
Rnh rt tng li, tng , anh Phm Vn ng phn tch v phng php tc
chin chin lc trong giai on cui cng ca chin tranh. Anh nhn mnh cn
vn dng chin lc tng hp, phi chun b k c s vt cht, k thut, v c
vn hun luyn chin s mi. Anh ni: "V ta, quan trng nht l mt cao
tro cch mng min Nam xy ra. Rt mi, c qun s v chnh tr. Bo lc
qun s n mc cao nht i i vi bo lc chnh tr". Anh ng ln, bc
tng bc mt, i li trong phng ri dng li pht biu: "Lc no l thi im
sp ca ngu? Khng phi ch n nm 1976 u? C th nhanh khng phi
dn dn u?".
Anh Trng Chihh nu r c im tnh hnh nhim v ca hai min, phn tch
cch nh chin lc, ng vi phng n ca Thng trc Qun u Trung
ng ng chn hng chnh l Ty Nguyn, chn mc tiu u tin l Bun
Ma Thut. Anh nhn mnh: "ch b suy yu nhanh chng, khng g c mu
thun gia gi t gi dn v c ng tc chin, cn ta th mnh ln v mi mt.
Ta ginh c quyn ch ng trn chin trng. Nm 1974, ta t c k
hoch. Nu Phc Long ta dit c na th ta mnh ln rt nhiu. Ta phi to
iu kin thc hin n tiu dit chin lc. V khng hn ch ch mt n".
Anh L c Th phn tch v chin lc ca M, v thi c, v tng
quan lc lng gia ta v ch, v nh ph bnh nh, tiu dit qun ch lc
ngu, v xy dng a phng, v cng tc binh vn, v c s h quyt tm
dt im trong hai nm.
Tip , cc anh Trn Quc Hon, L Vn Lng, Nguyn Duy Trinh pht biu
kin xoay quanh cc vn bin php chin lc, yu cu kt hp cc mt
u tranh qun s, chnh tr, ngoi giao.
***
Ngy 22-12, hi ngh ngh hp tham d mt s kin chnh tr quan trng.
Nhn k nim 30 nm thnh lp Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam (22-12-1944-2212-1974), ng, Nh nc, Quc hi quyt nh tng thng cc lc lng v
trang nhn dn phn thng cao qu nht: Hun chng Sao Vng.
100
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Mt cuc mt tinh v biu dng lc lng ln c t chc ti sn vn ng

H Ni, ngay gia ban ngy. Hn ba vn nhn dn Th cng i biu cc
n v trong ton qun ngi kn cc bc, trong mt rng c hoa v nhng chm
bng mu rc r.
ng 8 gi. Quc thiu Vit Nam ni ln gia 21 pht i bc n rn, m u
cuc l.
Sau li khai mc ca Th tng Phm Vn ng, Ch tch U ban Thng v
Quc hi Trng Chinh c li tuyn dng cng trng: "30 nm qua, lp lp
cn b v chin s k tip nhau nh gic cu nc, gp phn xy dng nc
nh, nu nhng tm gng sng ngi ca ch ngha anh hng cch mng Vit
Nam".
Ch tch nu r tm Hun chng Sao Vng l phn thng cao qu ca ng,
Nh nc v nhn dn ta dnh cho cc lc lng v trang v mong rng cc lc
lng v trang lun lun xng ng vi s tin cy ca ng, Nh nc v nhn
dn.
Trong khng kh phn khi, trang nghim, Ch tch Tn c Thng trn trng
gn Hun chng Sao Vng ln qun k Quyt thng. Thay mt ton qun, ti
cng cc ng ch Vn Tin Dng, Tng Tham mu trng, Song Ho, Ch
nhim Tng cc Chnh tr, inh c Thin, Ch nhim Tng cc Hu cn vinh
d nhn phn thng cao qu. Trong li pht biu, ti xc ng ni: "Di
ngn c trm trn trm thng ca ng v H Ch tch, t nhn dn m ra, v
nhn dn m chin u, tri qua 30 nm xy dng, 30 nm chin u lin tc, 30
nm thng li v vang, ton th cn b, chin s cc lc lng v trang nhn dn
Vit Nam ghi lng tc d: "mi mt chin cng, mi mt thnh tch ca cc lc
lng v trang u bt ngun t s lnh o v cng ng n v sng sut ca
ng v H Ch tch, t s thng yu m bc khng b bn ca ng bo ta
trong c nc".
Bi pht biu kt thc bng li ha quyt tm: "Cc lc lng v trang nhn
dn Vit Nam kin quyt ging cao l c Quyt thng, hon thnh xut sc
mi nhim v ca ng, Nh nc v nhn dn giao cho trong giai on mi,
xng ng vi phn thng cao qu ca Quc hi v Chnh ph, xng ng vi
lng tin cy ca ton ng, ton dn, xng ng vi li biu dng ca Bc H:
101
i tng V Nguyn Gip
"Qun i ta trung vi ng, hiu vi dn, sn sng chin u hy sinh v c

lp, t do ca T quc, v ch ngha x hi. Nhim v no cng hon thnh, kh
khn no cng vt qua, k th no cng nh thng".
Tip theo , trong in vn k nim 30 nm trng thnh v chin thng ca
qun i ta, ti n li lch s v vang ca cc lc lng v trang anh hng
di s lnh o ca ng. Ti dnh phn ln bi din vn quan trng ny
cp ti tnh hnh v nhim v trc mt.
V thng li to ln ca nhn dn ta "nh cho M ct" ti ni: "Qun v dn c
nc ta chin thng qun i xm lc khng l ca tn quc u s,
ging mt n nng vo vai tr sen m quc t ca M, bc b cu chuyn
hoang ng v sc mnh v ch ca quc M, c v mnh m phong tro
cch mng ca nhn dn ta v ho bnh, c lp dn tc, dn ch v ch ngha
x hi".
V tnh hnh cch mng min Nam t khi c Hip nh Paris, ti khng nh:
"Thc t min Nam trong hai nm qua chng t sc mnh chnh ngha ca
nhn dn ta l v ch, thng li ca cch mng min Nam l tt yu. Chng ta
nhit lit cho mng thng li to ln ca ng bo v chin s min Nam v tin
tng st rng s nghip cch mng ca nhn dn min Nam tuy cn lu di,
gian kh, quyt lit, nhng nht nh thng li. Min Nam nht nh s hon
ton gii phng; T quc Vit Nam nht nh s thng nht; ng bo Nam Bc
nht nh s sum hp mt nh".
i biu cc qun chng, binh chng qun i nhn dn v dn qun t v, hng
ng chnh t, bc chn rm rp diu qua l i kt thc bui l. Ph Tng
Tham mu trng Phng Th Ti c vinh d ging cao l qun k Quyt
thng lp lnh Hun chng Sao Vng, thay mt cc chin s lm nn trn
"in Bin Ph trn khng", dn u cuc diu binh trong ting nhc hng
trng, trong nim tin yu v hn ca hng vn tri tim.
Bc chn hng dng, t ho ca cc chin s ngy hm y cng chnh l nhp
bc vng vng chc thng ca ng bo v chin s c nc trn chng ng
tin ti ngy ton thng, di bn tay vy gi ca Bc H.
***
Ngy hm sau, 23-12-1974, Hi ngh B Chnh tr (m rng) tip tc lm vic.
102
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Lc ny, thc tin chin trng pht trin c phn nhanh hn d kin ca k
hoch tc chin chin lc m B Tng Tham mu trnh by Hi ngh B
Chnh tr thng 10-1974.
Trong t tin cng ma kh 1974-1975, qun ta ginh nhiu thng li min
ng Nam B v Khu IX.
Tin chin thng dn dp bay v, khng nh th i ln ca ta, th i xung ca
ch.
Ngy 13-12-1974, qun ta tin cng chi khu qun s B ng, yu khu B Na,
h thng n bt trn ng 14, m u chin dch ng 14-Phc Long. Sau
5 ngy chin u c lit, ta chim c B ng, dit 50 n bt, gii phng
14.000 dn, lm ch 80 km ng 14.
Ngy 20-12, B Tng t lnh nhn in bo co ca anh L c Anh, Ph T
lnh Min: "Trn ng 14, ta giai phng hon ton on t cu 11 gn ng
Xoi, n khi B ng gip ranh gii chi khu Kin c. B ng, Vnh
Thin, B Na, ta thu c 4 pho v 7.000 n pho, trn 3.000 sng cc loi,
bt trn 300 t binh. S tip tc truy lng".
Ni lo thiu n pho t lu nng trong u ti vi i c mt phn.
Chin trng trn tha thng xng ln khuch trng chin qu. Ngy 27-12,
B Tng t lnh li nhn in ca B T lnh Qun on IV: "Tin cng chi
khu ng Xoi lc 5 gi 35 pht ngy 26-12. n 18 gi 30 pht, ta lm ch
hon ton chi khu ng Xoi. K tn: Nm Thch".
Nm Thch l b danh ca ng ch Hong Cm, T lnh Qun on IV. Trong
nim vui chin thng, ti nh rt r hnh nh ngi cn b qun s t r
phm cht v ti nng ca mnh ngay t chin dch Trn Hng o (1951). Lc
, vi cng v Tiu on trng ca i on 312, anh c B Tng t
lnh khen tng danh hiu "Cn b gng mu" cng vi Tiu on trng
Nguyn Hng Sinh ca i on 308. Trong cng tc cn b, y l mt pht
hin chnh xc, i i vi bi dng thnh cng.
Vi chin cng dit gn chi khu ng Xoi, qun ta hnh thnh th bao vy
c lp th x Phc Long.
Phn ng ca ch yu t. My bay ch ln nm bom, bn ph khng c hiu
qu. Qun ch Phc Long hoang mang cc .
103
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Trong hi ngh, cc anh Phm Hng v Trn Vn Tr kp thi xin kin ca

ng ch B th th nht v Qun u Trung ng cho php gii phng lun
Phc Long, c s dng mt i i xe tng v mt i i pho 130 mm. Anh
Ba chp nhn. Ti cng ng .
Ngy 31-12, Qun on IV c tng cng Trung on 16 b binh, hai tiu
on pho cao x, do T lnh Hong Cm trc tip ch huy, m cuc tin cng
vo th x Phc Long.
B i ta xung phong nh chim h thng cng s bo v vnh ngoi, dit, chi
khu Phc Bnh, chim ni B R. ch tp trung lc lng, ngoan c chn cc
ng tin vo th x. My bay ch nm bom, bn ph vo i hnh ca qun
ta. Qun on quyt nh dng pho bn mnh vo cc mc tiu trong th x,
ng thi dng ho lc phng khng nh tr my bay ch. B qua cc
khng vng ngoi, cc mi thc su nhanh chng t ph, nh chilh cc mc
tiu quan trng.
n 19 gi ngy 6-1-1975, ton b th x Phc Long c gii phng.
Tri qua 26 ngy chin u lin tc, chin dch ng 14-Phc Long kt thc
thng li. ch phn ng mt cch tuyt vng. Cc cnh qun ngu ln ng cu
u b nh lui. Nguyn Vn Thiu nh m hn ku gi "dnh ba ngy truy
iu, cu nguyn cho Phc Long".
Tin chin thng Phc Long lm nc lng ngi, bo hiu mt ma kh y
trin vng. Hi ngh ngng hp.
Mi ngi i li, vui v bt tay nhau. Trong nim vui thy ngy ton thng ti
gn, mi ci bt tay cha ng mt quyt tm, mt li ha hn.
Chin thng Phc Long mang ngha mt n trinh st chin lc rt quan
trng. Ln u tin min Nam, mt tnh c hon ton gii phng. Tnh
li gn Si Gn. Vng cn c quan trng ca ta min ng Nam B c
m rng. Thc t ny ni r hn ht kh nng ca ta. N cng nh du mt
bc suy sp mi ca qun ngu. i qun ny khng cn kh nng gii to vi
quy m ln chim li cc vng, cc cn c v th x quan trng b ta nh
chim, ngay c trn tuyn phng th vnh ngoi Si Gn - Gia nh. N cn
chng t M khng c kh nng tr li can thip bng qun s min Nam, khi
ngi pht ngn ca Nh Trng tuyn b. "Tng thng Pho khng c vi phm
104
i tng V Nguyn Gip
nhng iu cm ch (ca Quc hi) v vic s dng lc lng qun s Hoa K

ti Vit Nam".
Thc tin chin trng chng t kin ca cc anh B2 l ng.
Sau ny, trong ti liu "S sp ca Nam Vit Nam", ngi M vit: "S tht
th th trn Phc Long nh du Nam Vit Nam bt u tan r". Phm B Hoa,
i t Tham mu trng Tng cc Tip vn qun i ngu cn ni r hn: "Ci
chnh l tht bi Phc Long ni ln th v lc ca qun lc cng ho. Ch
mi b nh mt im m khng cn lc lng i ph, th hi b nh
mnh nhiu ni th s ra sao? Phc Long l s kin ni ln kh r hiu qu
chin lc "Vit Nam ho" thc hin trong su nm qua. C th ni Phc
Long l mt n th sc i bn v kt qu r rng".
Cc 2 bo co: Trong nhng ngy tht th Phc Long, Nguyn Vn Thiu ch
to mt cuc hp khn cp ti dinh c lp. Trc cc tng t, Thiu tuyn b
khng tng vin cho Phc Long hay c gng ly li tnh ny, v phi tr gi
qu cao, qun ngu khng my bay v qun tr b. Nu mun tng vin
Phc Long, phi ly qun t ni khc m nhng ni ny, cng ang b Bc
Vit sa son tin cng. Trong cuc hp, Cao Vn Vin, Tng Tham mu
trng qun i Si Gn cay ng nhn xt rng vic mt Phc Long l
bc u quan trng cng sn chinh phc hon ton Nam Vit Nam bng
qun s. H hin nhin khng s bt c phn ng no ca M. Khng bit cng
sn cn c s khuyn khch no hn?
Thi th ca M cng lm cho Si Gn thm tht vng, v y nhanh
suy sp v tinh thn ca qun i ngu. Trong cuc hp bo ngy 14-1-1975,
B trng Quc phng Sltxinhgi c tnh nh gi thp s kin Phc Long.
ng ta ni: "By gi tnh hnh Nam Vit Nam cho thy Bc Vit khng mun
tung ra mt cuc tin cng rng khp, quy m. Ci m h ang ch tm l lm
suy yu s kim sot ca ch Nam Vit Nam trn khp nc, c bit l lm
o ln chnh sch bnh nh ang thnh cng. Do iu m chng ti tin
on trong vi thng ti ch l mt s trn nh ln. Lc ny, ti khng tin liu
s c cuc tin cng quy m ln nh hi nm 1972".
Hn na thng sau, ngy 22-1, Tng thng M Girn Pho li di thm mt go
nc lnh khi tuyn b. "Khng c hnh ng no khc ngoi vic b sung vin
105
i tng V Nguyn Gip
tr cho Si Gn. S khng can thip vo Nam Vit Nam nu xt ra khng ph

hp vi hin php v php lut".
Tr li bc th ku cu ca Nguyn Vn Thiu, ng ta cng ch c nhng li
ha hn chung chung: "Ti chia s vi ngi ni lo lng v Bc Vit khng thc
thi nhng iu khon cn bn nht ca Hip nh Paris v v nhng p lc qun
s ca Bc Vit mc trm trng. Ti mun bo m vi ngi rng chnh
quyn chng ti s tip tc p lc vic thi hnh Hip nh c tht y ".
Tht chng khc no mt cng rm tung xung nc trc mt k sp cht
chm.
***
Chin thng Phc Long l mt nhn t mi rt quan trng hi ngh khng
nh quyt tm chin lc gii phng min Nam vi yu cu cao hn. T tng
ch o ca B Chnh tr l ginh thng li nhanh hn, ln hn. B Tng Tham
mu cn c vo tnh hnh pht trin ca chin trng, t kin vi B
Chnh tr b sung, iu chnh k hoch tc chin cho ph hp vi tnh hnh mi.
Cng v cui hi ngh, cc vn tho lun cng tp trung, sng r. Hng tin
cng chin lc ch yu c xc nh l nam Ty Nguyn, vi mc tiu chnh
l Bun Ma Thut, m u cuc tin cng ln ca b i ch lc nm 1975.
Anh L Thanh Ngh pht biu v k hoch chin lc v nhn mnh: "a thm
lc lng vo B2 l ng, cng sm cng tt. D b chin lc chung v d b
cho tng chin trng l phi c. D b chin lc chung l mt qun on, lm
sao c th c ng c vo chin trng ch yu, nu tn ngoi xa?".
Anh L c Th cp vn u tranh ngoi giao. Anh ni: "Nm 1975,
ngoi giao cha to ra vn g ln c. By gi nu c ngi li, chc cng l
ko di m phn, tranh th m rng m thi. Th ta cha mnh, th ngoi giao
chng gii quyt c vn g. Phi ch y phi hp c ba qu m
(qun s, chnh tr, ngoi giao) vi nhau th mi c iu kin hn cho nm
1976". Ngng mt lt, anh ni tip: "Ti cho rng tnh hnh by gi c khc hi
nm ngoi. By gi nh l phi nh dn dp, dit ch nhiu nht, thng
li ln nht, lm cho th ca ta mnh ln rt nhanh. Cn v mt tuyn truyn, ta
c gi mc bnh thng, khng cn rm beng lm g. "C ming m khng
c ting!".
106
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Anh Ba ng tnh vi kin ca cc anh va pht biu, v ni: "Ta nh theo

cch nh ca ta l phi chnh tr, qun s kt hp, phi l chin lc tng hp
vi ba qu m, khc l khng thng c".
Sng ngy 8-1-1975, ng ch B th th nht kt lun hi ngh.
Vui v, linh hot, anh Ba ni:
- Cuc hp ny c ng cc ng ch Nam B v Khu 5 ra d. Trong cuc
hp ln trc, B Chnh tr nht tr v phng hng chin lc nhm a
cuc khng chin chng M n ton thng. Ln ny, chng ta h quyt tm
trong hai nm hon thnh cch mng dn tc, dn ch min Nam, tin ti
thng nht t nc.
Chng ta rt phn khi t c s nht tr cao, sau khi suy ngh bn bc nhiu
ln, v nay li cng nht tr vi cc ng ch ch huy lnh o cc chin trng.
Hin nay, ta gi ch ng, ginh dn v ginh quyn lm ch. Ta to ra
th chin lc lin hon t Tr - Thin n ng bng sng Cu Long. Ta
xy dng c nhng qu m ch lc rt mnh v c ng.
Ta to c mt bn p p o xung quanh Si Gn, l mt th chin
lc ln lm. Nhng iu chng t chng ta mnh. Trn th mnh , ta
chun b cho quyt tm hai nm.
R rng l ch ang xung dc v mi mt qun s, chnh tr, kinh t, do ta tin
cng v do c bn thn n na. Ri y c th n cn xung dc rt nhanh. Do
ta thy r thi c, kh nng cch mng c th tin ln tin cng, va chin
thng qun s, va chin thng chnh tr theo nhng bc nhy vt. Ln trc
cng nh ln ny, B Chnh tr bn, thy chnh xc v rt nht tr.
V cch nh chin lc, anh Ba nhc li cn nm vng phng chm, phng
php ca ta l: Tin cng, ni dy, ni dy, tin cng, ba mi gip cng, ba
vng chin, lc, tiu dit, lm ch, lm ch, tiu dit, tin ln tng cng kch,
tng khi ngha.
V quyt tm v nhit tnh hin r trn nt mt, anh ni rt nhanh: Phi nm
vng chin lc tng hp to ra sc mnh tng hp, lun lun to ra sc
mnh mi, th mi, nh lin tc v bt ng, tin ti tng phn cng v ni dy,
thng ch ti so huyt quan trng nht ca chng l Si Gn kt thc chin
tranh. Cc n chin lc qun s s din ra trong nm 1975-1976 nh th no,
107
i tng V Nguyn Gip
chng ta ng tnh vi k hoch chin lc nm 1975 B Tng Tham mu

trnh by. Nam B, c ba nhim v quan trng: va nh ng bng, va
nh ch lc, va p th. Khu 5, Ty Nguyn th ng tnh nh mnh
Ty Nguyn, m u t Bun Ma Thut.
Cui cng, anh cn dn: "Cn nhiu vn phi bn na. B Tng Tham mu
cn phi lm vic nhiu hn na v c v tr rt quan trng trong vic thc hin
ngh quyt ny".
Hi ngh hon ton nht tr vi kt lun ca ng ch B th th nht. B Chnh
tr ra Ngh quyt lch s:
"Chng ta ang ng trc thi c chin luc ln. Cha bao gi ta c iu kin
y v qun s v chnh tr nh hin nay, c thi c chin lc to ln nh
hin nay hon thnh cch mng dn tc, dn ch nhn dn min Nam
tin ti ho bnh thng nht T quc".
B Chnh tr h quyt tm: "ng vin n lc ln nht ca ton ng, ton
qun v ton dn c hai min trong thi gian 1975-1976, y mnh u tranh
qun s v u tranh chnh tr, kt hp vi u tranh ngoi giao, lm thay i
nhanh chng v ton din so snh lc lng trn chin trng min Nam theo
hng c li cho ta, tin hnh rt khn trng v hon thnh cng tc chun b
mi mt, to iu kin chn mui, tin hnh tng cng kch, tng khi ngha,
tiu dit v lm tan r ngu qun, nh ngu quyn t trung ng n a
phng, ginh chnh quyn v tay nhn dn, gii phng min Nam Vit Nam".
Ngh quyt nu r: C nm 1975 l thi c, n tin cng qun s mnh to nn
thi c, phong tro chnh tr thc y thi c, tnh hnh th gii v ni b nc
M l thi c, t bnh thng n va, n cao, n t bin vi tc "mt
ngy bng 20 nm", do cn phi khn trng, phi nh nhanh hn, nu
c thi c m khng kp thi pht hin, b l th c ti ln i vi dn tc.
B Chnh tr thng qua k hoch chin lc hai nm 1975-1976. y l mt k
hoch ln c chun b cng phu t gia nm 1973 qua tm ln d tho ca
B Tng Tham mu. Ngoi k hoch chin lc 1975-1976, B Chnh tr cn
d kin: "Nu thi c n vo u hoc cui nm 1975 th lp tc gii phng
min Nam trong nm 1975".
***
108
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ngay hm sau, ngy 9-1-1975, Thng trc Qun u Trung ng hp qun

trit v trin khai Ngh quyt ca B Chnh tr. Cng tham d c cc ng ch
V Ch Cng, Chu Huy Mn, L Trng Tn, v Hong Minh Tho. Vn
trng tm l bn v chin dch Ty Nguyn, T khi chun b cho Hi ngh ln
th 21 ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng, ti v nhiu ng ch trong B
Tng t lnh nu vn chn Ty Nguyn lm chin trng ch yu. kin
ny c nhiu ngi ng h.
Qua trao i, tho lun, mi ngi u thy vic chn Ty Nguyn lm hng
tin cng ch yu trong Bun Ma Thut l mc tiu tin cng u tin l mt
iu tt yu, khng th khc. Ti ra hai tnh hung:
- Nu Bun Ma Thut s h th nh ngay.
- Nu ch tng cng lc lng v phng th t chc nh qun tip vin
trc, c hai pha Bun Ma Thut v Pleiku, sau tin cng vo Bun Ma
Thut.
Chng ti ang hp th anh L c Th n. Bit hi ngh ang bn v nh
Bun Ma Thut, anh Su cng nht tr nh vy.
Ty Nguyn l mt chin trng rng ni him tr.
Lc ny y ch c mt s on ch lc, by lin on qun bit ng v
bn thit on xe tng v xe thit gip. Do nh gi sai, phn on sai ca
ta, chng cho rng nm 1975 ta cha sc nh th x v thnh ph, v nu c
nh, th cng nh pha bc. V vy ch tp trung lc lng gi Pleiku, Kon
Tum, cn c Lc, Bun Ma Thut vn s h. Lc lng y khng mnh,
phn ln l qun hu c ca s on v trung on, cng su vo pha trong lc
lng ch cng mng. Kh khn chnh l thiu ng c ng. Phi tch cc
khc phc, m ng a binh kh, k thut vo.
nh Bun Ma Thut l mt n bt ng i vi ch. S c nhiu kh nng
ph v h thng phng ng ca chng Vng II chin thut, lm rung chuyn
Ty Nguyn v ton b th trn ca ch trn chin trng, to ra thi c mi
cho vic thc hin k hoch chin lc hai nm 1975-1976.
Kt lun cuc hp, ti nhc li quyt nh ca B Chnh tr chn nam Ty
Nguyn lm hng tin cng chin lc ch yu, mc tiu tin cng u tin l
Bun Ma Thut, hng pht trin tip theo l pha ng. S dng lc lng
109
i tng V Nguyn Gip
cng nh cch nh phi mnh bo, b mt, bt ng, nghi binh tt, hng s ch
ca ch vo bc Ty Nguyn v Tr - Thin.
V cng tc chnh tr, t tng, cng tc t chc trong chin dch, cn xy dng
quyt tm ginh thng li ln nht, nm vng t tng nh tiu dit, coi trng
cng tc binh vn, cao tinh thn on kt hip ng, tn trng k lut chin
trng, nghim chnh chp hnh chnh sch vng gii phng, chnh sch t,
hng binh, chnh sch chin li phm. Cng tc cn b cn sp xp, d tr
cn b c phm cht v nng lc, bo m ch huy lnh o b i chin u
lin tc, sn sng b sung, pht trin lc lng.
Nhim v c th ca chin dch Ty Nguyn c xc nh r:
- Tiu dit mt b phn quan trng sinh lc ch, loi khi vng chin u t
bn n nm vn tn, dit t ba n bn trung on, lin on b binh, thit
gip, nh thit hi nng t mt n hai s on ch lc ch, dit nhiu tiu
on bao an, nhiu trung i dn v, lm tt nhanh qun s ca ch. M rng
hnh lang chin lc t ng 14 qua Gia Ngha xung ng 20 ni vi min
ng Nam B v t Ty Nguyn xung ba tnh Khu 5
- Gii phng nhn dn v phn ln vng t nam Pleiku v Cheo Reo, xung
quanh Bun Ma Thut, nh bi k hoch "bnh nh", nng ln v gii to ca
ch, gi vng, pht huy quyn lm ch chin trng, thc hin chia ct chin
lc. Tch cc phi hp vi mt trn chng bnh nh ng bng. Dit t ba
n bn tiu khu, chi khu qun s, t mt n hai tnh l.
- nh ph giao thng v hu c, ph hu nhiu phng tin chin tranh, lm
cho tim lc kinh t ca ch gim st trm trng. Khi c thi c, thc hin chia
ct hn cc ng 14, 19, 21, trng im l ng 19.
Pht trin u tranh chnh tr trong cc th x. Ra sc xy dng c s t v mt
v cc t chc bit ng, dit c n u s, to th lm ch c s.
- Xy dng lc lng v trang ba th qun, xy dng vng gii phng, xy
dng cc ng chin lc, chin dch, hon thnh mi cng tc chun b cho
nhim v tip theo.
Quyt tm chin lc ca ng c c th ho.
110
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Cc c quan Tng hnh dinh theo chc trch ca mnh, hng mi n lc vo

chin trng chnh Ty Nguyn, hng vo mc tiu Bun Ma Thut, khn
trng chun b ngy m.
Theo ch th ca B Tng Tham mu, on 232 (tng ng qun on) c
thnh lp trn c s B ch huy tin phng B2 v cc lc lng Min, Qun
khu 8 v lc lng ca B mi tng cng.
c Phien v cc bn Cuba gi cho mt s xe chuyn dng mua ca Nht v
i th cho cn b k thut ca ta sang Nht hc cch s dng, cc on cng
binh, Thanh nin xung phong ra sc m ng. Di s lnh o, ch o trc
tip, kin quyt, kp thi ca cc anh inh c Thin, Phan Trng Tu, ng
S Nguyn, mng ng chin lc ng v Ty Trng Sn c xy dng v
cng c, ni lin n Lc Ninh, h thng ng ng dn xng du c hon
chnh, qua Ty Nguyn, Khu 5 vo ti min ng Nam B, sn sng phc v
nh ln.
Anh L Ngc Hin i ngay vo Ty Nguyn, chun b k hoch tc chin. B
lnh cho anh V Lng, T lnh Mt trn Ty Nguyn n ngay Bun Ma Thut
trc tip nghin cu chin trng. Ngy 24-1-1975, cc anh Phm Hng, Trn
Vn Tr v on cn b B2 cng cp tc ln ng tr v mt trn ang nng
bng.
***
hng s suy ngh v hnh ng ca tin tuyn v hu phng trong thi
im quyt nh, kin quyt y mnh cc mt u tranh, to th, to lc, to
thi c cho trn quyt chin chin lc cui cng, ti dnh thi gian vit mt
bi bo nhan : Sc mnh v ch ca chin tranh nhn dn Vit Nam trong
thi i mi.
Theo tinh thn Ngh quyt Hi ngh Trung ng ng ln th 21, cc ngh
quyt ca B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng nm 1973, 1974, bi bo phn
tch ton din cuc chin u ca nhn dn ta di s lnh o ca ng, c
nh du bng nhng mc thng li ni bt l Cch mng Thng Tm nm
1945, chin cuc ng Xun 1953-1954 vi chin thng lch s in Bin Ph,
v thng li "nh cho M ct" vi Hip nh Paris thng 1-1973: "Thng li
ca nhn dn ta trong 30 nm qua tht l v i". "Vic gii quyt thnh cng
111
i tng V Nguyn Gip
vn chin tranh chnh ngha ca dn tc nh nh thng k th quc to

trong s pht trin n nh cao ca khi ngha ton dn v chin tranh nhn
dn Vit Nam ngy nay l mt vn c ngha quyt nh i vi s nghip
cch mng ca nhn dn ta. N nng cao lng tin tng st ca qun v dn
ta vo s lnh o ca ng ta, vo tin tt thng ca dn tc ta. N cho ta
nhiu kinh nghim rt qu bu tip tc hon thnh cch mng dn tc dn
ch nhn dn trong c nc, bo v min Bc x hi ch ngha, cng nh chun
b cho cng cuc bo v t nc v lu di nh thng chin tranh xm lc
ca mi k th quc, d chng mnh n u".
i su vo nguyn nhn thng li, bi bo nu bt nhng yu t c bn nh s
lnh o ng n, dng cm ca ng ta, mc ch chnh tr ca chin tranh
nhn dn Vit Nam l c lp, t do v ch ngha x hi, sc mnh ca ton dn
nh gic, ca ch x hi mi, lc lng v trang kiu mi, phng thc tin
hnh chin tranh v ngh thut qun s sng to ca chin tranh nhn dn, iu
kin quc t trong thi i mi. Vn dng t tng chin tranh nhn dn vo
tnh hnh v nhim v trc mt, bi bo ch r nhim v ca qun v dn ta
trn c hai min Nam Bc, kin quyt tin ln ginh thng li cui cng.
Cc bo Nhn dn, Qun i nhn dn ng ton vn bi bo trn mt phn
trang nht v c trang hai.
i Ting ni Vit Nam v i pht thanh Gii phng dnh my bui pht
thanh c bit truyn i khp mi min t nc.
***
Thi gian l lc lng. thi im quan trng ny, nim y su sc hn,
mnh m hn bao gi ht. Trong qun s, t tng "chc thng" v t tng
"thn tc" thn trng v mnh bo bao gi cng i i, hi ho, bin chng, ty
theo tng tnh hung c th. Cn c vo nh gi so snh lc lng gia ta v
ch, vo thc tin chin trng, vo nhng iu kin ch quan, khch quan c
trong nc v quc t, B Chnh tr h quyt tm chin lc chnh xc, kp
thi. Chnh xc v tri qua cn nhc k lng, nm bt c trng thi i
xung ca ch, kh nng pht trin mi ca ta ngay khi trn chin trng cn
ang din ra ging co quyt lit.
112
i tng V Nguyn Gip
T u nm 1973, tri qua hai nm khn trng nghin cu, chun b, nhng
suy ngh, gi v mt k hoch gii phng min Nam pht trin thnh mt
quyt tm chnh thc ng vin v t chc lc lng ca c nc, hon thnh
cch mng dn tc, dn ch min Nam trong hai nm 1975-1976. Bn cnh
quyt tm chin lc c bn y, cn c k hoch chin lc tranh th thi c,
gii phng min Nam ngay trong nm 1975, khng ch i.
Khng nhng chnh xc, m quyt tm chin lc ca ng cn rt kp thi,
khng th chm hn, m cng khng th sm hn. Tnh hnh giai on cui
cng ca chin tranh bao gi cng din rt nhanh, khng loi tr t bin. N
lc ch quan ca qun v dn ta vi cc mi tin cng ca chin tranh nhn dn
cng lm cho tnh hnh pht trin nhanh, nhiu khi nhanh hn d kin. Thi c
chin lc thng xut hin trong thi gian ngn v khng bao gi ng lu
mt ch. Phi kp thi pht hin thi c, nm bt thi c, "chp" thi c
ginh thng li cao nht. Va chm li va nhanh. l ngh thut ch o
chin tranh, l nt ti tnh v c o ca ng ta trong nhng ngy thng cui
nm 1974 v u nm 1975.
Quyt tm chin lc ca ng da vng chc trn thnh qu tng hp ca
cuc u tranh cch mng 45 nm qua. Mt nc nh nh " quc to" phi
bit ginh thng li tng bc. Thng li trc to tin cho thng li sau.
Cng v sau, thng li cng to ln.
Suy ngh v kt thc chin tranh c hnh dung ngay t lc khi u.
Quyt tm chin lc y cn l kt qu ca s chun b chin lc ht sc ch
ng, dng cm, sng to, cng phu, kin tr bn b c v chnh tr, qun s,
ngoi giao, v con ngi v v kh, phng tin, c s vt cht, k thut, v th
trn v lng ngi, sn xut v chin u, kinh t v quc phng, giao thng v
vn chuyn, chun b bng tim lc ca c hu phng v tin tuyn, m thm
v si ng sut bao thng, bao nm.
Lc ny, mt khi c quyt tm chin lc chnh xc, kp thi th vic t chc
thc hin li ht sc khn trng. Khng th i bng nhng bc bnh thng,
m l bay, l chy. Chy ua vi thi gian. Chy ua vi ch. Phi vt qua
nhng kh khn, tr ngi trn ng tin ti thng li.
113
i tng V Nguyn Gip
"nh cho M ct", nay l lc ging n quyt nh chin lc "nh cho

ngu nho ", nh t tng qun s ca Bc H.
C nc ra trn. Tt c cho min Nam rut tht.
114
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ch thch:
(1) Phng 70 l c quan tp trung mi ngun tin ca Cc Qun bo chn
lc, phn tch, tng hp, bo co ln cp trn.
115
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Chng 5
N IM HUYT
Theo quyt nh ca B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng, anh Vn Tin Dng

c c vo Ty Nguyn, cng vi cc anh inh c Thin, Ch nhim Tng
cc Hu cn, L Ngc Hin, Ph Tng Tham mu trng v mt s cn b, t
chc thnh mt b phn i din Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh
chin trng min Nam, mang b danh on A.75. Nh vy, c quan ch huy
qun s ti cao hnh thnh c pha trc v pha sau, va su st mt trn
va bao qut tm chin lc, v m, bo m lnh o ch huy ng n, kp
thi. Quyt nh ny c gi tuyt i b mt.
Trc ngy on ln ng, anh Vn Tin Dng v ti gp nhau trao i kin
v cch nh trong chin dch Ty Nguyn. Anh Hong Vn Thi cng tham
d.
Vn lm vic cng nhau t nhng ngy u khng chin chng Php, cng
trong Qun u, chng ti bn bc rt k v nht tr v nhiu vn , tm ra
phng n tc chin ti u. n tin cng chin lc u tin phi tranh th bt
ng cao , mnh bo gii quyt Bun Ma Thut trc, bao m chc thng
ngay t trn u. Tip , nhanh chng pht huy thng li, tin cng lin tc
nhm tiu dit tht nhiu sinh lc ch, gii phng a bn chin lc quan trng
Ty Nguyn.
Ti nu hai phng n nh Bun Ma Thut m c ln ti pht biu trong
Thng trc Qun u Trung ng:
1. Nu ch cha tng cng lc lng th nh ngay.
2. Nu ch tng cng lc lng Bun Ma Thut th d ch ra ngoi, nh
vin tiu dit ch Cm Ga v Thun Mn.
Trong c hai trng hp, trng hp no cng phi thc hin nghi binh tht tt,
gm nghi binh hng Tr - Thin v hng Kon Tum, Pleiku.
116
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Chin dch Ty Nguyn l n tin cng u tin trong k hoch chin lc c

bn c B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng duyt. Theo k hoch ny, ta
tr tnh gii phng Ty Nguyn trong nm 1975, tc l trong bc mt ca k
hoch hai nm, i i vi vic bc mt lot c im ch min ng Nam B
v m mng, m vng ng bng sng Cu Long, ng bng Khu 5 v Tr Thin.
Theo quy c, anh Dng ly b danh l Tun, ti ly b danh l Chin. Cc ng
ch th trng B Tng Tham mu, Tng cc Chnh tr, Tng cc Hu cn u
ly cc b danh khc.
Ngy 5-2-1975. on A.75 ln ng vo thi im nhn dn ta tng bng n
Xun t Mo. Mi bin php bo mt, nghi binh c thc hin nh lc
hng ch. Ra trn gia lc nm ht Tt n gp thm yu t bt ng. y
cng l mt nt truyn thng ca dn tc Vit Nam, k t Tt K Du vi trn
Ngc Hi - ng a (1789) v Tt Mu Thn vi cuc Tng tin cng v ni
dy 1968. Vui xun khng qun nh ch. nh trc, ri n Tt sau. nh
ch cng l n pho mng xun. Ct sao ginh th bt ng.
Anh Vn Tin Dng v on A.75 ln ng vi kh th v quyt tm nh vy.
***
Hot ng ca cc chin trng trong t mt ma kh 1974-1975 phi hp
nhp nhng vi nhng chin thng rc r t Tr - Thin n Nam B, vt mi
ch tiu ra.
Cng vi chin thng Phc Long, t thng 12-1974 n thng 2-1975, qun v
dn min ng Nam B tiu dit 22 tiu on ch, nh thit hi nng 2 tiu
on, dit hn 1.500 n bt trong c 1 tiu khu, 8 chi khu, 3 yu khu v
phn chi khu qun s.
ng bng sng Cu Long, ch trong vng hai thng, ta tiu dit 15 tiu
on ch, loi khi vng chin u 35.000 tn, dit v ph 168 n bt. Kt
hp vi qun chng ni dy, ta gii phng hon ton 5 1 x, 414 p, gii phng
c bn 49 x khc, gii phng 5 vn dn. Khu vc ginh thng li ln nht l
Tr Vinh, Vnh Long, vng trng im s mt ca Qun khu IX.
Si Gn v vng ven l ni ch tp trung phng th. Ngay , ch bng lc
lng b i a phng c cng, bit ng, du kch, ta cng giai phng
117
i tng V Nguyn Gip
hon ton ba x, 37 p, 17.000 dn, gii phng c bn mt s x khc. ch km

kp ca ngu quyn c s b ni lng, nhn dn t do i li lm n.
Tr - Thin, Khu 5 v Ty Nguyn, tip theo thng li ca ta La Sn - M
Tu, Thng c, Minh Long, Nng Sn, Trung Phc, Gi Vt, Mng en,
Mng Bt, qun ta ro rit chun b cho cc hot ng Xun - H 1975. Ring
vi Tr - Thin, ngay t thng 10-1974, Qun u Trung ng triu tp
Thng v Qun khu u Tr - Thin ra H Ni bo co tnh hnh v nhn nhim
v chin u nm 1975. Qun u khen ngi ch lc ca qun khu nh thng
La sn - M Tu, ch r nhc im cha tn dng tt n ch lc y
mnh phong tro qun chng a phng. Qun u cng biu dng qun v
dn qun khu chp hnh nghim cng tc t chc chin trng, cn bn lm
xong con ng 74 v a c hu cn vo pha nam Tha Thin to ra sc
mnh mi pht trin thng li. Giao nhim v cho chin trng Tr - Thin
trong nm 1975, ti nhn mnh phi "nh bi v c bn k hoch "bnh nh"
ca ch, to ra Tr - Thin mt tnh th mi c ngha quyt nh chun b
cho nm 1976 gii phng hon ton Tr - Thin - Hu"; phi tin hnh mt
chin dch tng hp c qun s v chnh tr, bng lc lng ca c ch lc ca
B v ca qun khu, phi hp cht ch ba th qun, ba mi gip cng nhm tiu
dit v lm tan r mt b phn quan trng sinh lc ch, dit gn tng trung
on, tiu on ca chng.
B Tng Tham mu cng giao nhim v cho Qun on II cng vi Qun khu
Tr - Thin m mt chin dch quy m va trong ma Xun 1975 trn ng 12
v ty bc Hu, tiu dit mt b phn sinh lc ch, tch cc hot ng nghi
binh km gi, giam chn, thu ht lc lng c ng ca chng, phi hp chin
trng vi n tin cng chin lc Ty Nguyn, thc hin thng li nhim
v chin u nm 1975 m Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh giao
cho ton mt trn.
Cui thng 1-1975, Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh thng qua ln th
nht k hoch ca Qun khu Tr - Thin v Qun on II, ng thi ch nh
ng u Mt trn bao gm i din ng u Qun khu, i in ng u Qun
on II v i din Khu u do ng ch L T ng lm B th. V ch huy, B
118
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Tng t lnh trc tip ch huy chung c qun khu v qun on, khng thnh lp
b ch huy thng nht.
Lc ny, on cn b qun s i hc Lin X hon thnh kho hc. Nhng
cn b c kinh nghim nh ln va c trang b thm kin thc tc chin hip
ng qun, binh chng c phn v cc n v ch lc Anh Nguyn Hu An
lm T lnh Qun on II. Anh L Hu c c c lm Cc trng Cc Tc
chin, thay anh V Lng c b nhim lm T lnh mt trn Ty Nguyn.
u thng 2, Qun u Trung ng ph chun k hoch tc chin ca Tr Thin. Cc ng ch trong B T lnh qun khu v Qun on II ra H Ni
chnh thc nhn mnh lnh. Ngy 28-2-1975, ng ch Thanh Qung, thay mt
B T lnh Qun khu Tr - Thin v ng ch Hong an, thay mt B T lnh
Qun on II ra B bo co quyt tm cui cng. Qun chng Phng khng Khng qun c giao nhim v cho trc thng n cc ng ch ra ng Hi,
t y a ra Th bng my bay YAK 40.
Cc ng ch c mt rt ng gi ti Tng hnh dinh.
Cng d nghe bo co vi ti, c cc anh L Trng Tn, L Hu c. Vi tinh
thn phn chn, cc ng ch trnh by k hoch tc chin vi nhng mc tiu,
nhim v cn cao hn c nhng mc tiu, nhim v c giao.
Nghe bo co xong, ti hi:
- Th nu thi c thun li, cc ng ch c k hoch pht trin tin cng gii
phng Tr - Thin - Hu cha?
ang c tm trng phn khi, hai ng ch bng ho ra lng tng. Ti hi thm:
- K hoch c bn nh th ny l c. Nhng cc ng ch phi lm ngay mt
k hoch pht trin tin cng khi thi c thun li, m mc tiu ca n l gii
phng Tr - Thin - Hu. Cc ng ch r cha?
Sau giy pht ng ngng, nt mt hai ng ch ti hn ln. C hai ng ch
ng thanh tr li: R!
V thi gian m mn chin dch, cc ng ch ngh cho lui thi gian chun b
thm nm ngy, tc l n ht ngy 9-3. Va nghe my ting "9-3", anh Tn
ng pht dy ni ngay, ging gay gt:
- Trong chin dch ln c ngha chin lc, hip ng nhiu chin trng m
cc ng ch mun bt u tin cng ngy no cng c hay sao? Cc ng
119
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ch li li th ch a s d d b chin lc ln nam Ty Nguyn, hng chnh

ca ta s b v, cuc Tng tin cng s i n u? bao nhiu ln mi cc
ng ch ra hp, bao nhiu phi vin vo ph bin k hoch, bao nhiu in
nhc nh m cc ng ch khng hiu sao?
C th, anh Tn ni i ni li n gn nm pht.
Hai ng ch mt.
Ti hi:
- B Tng Tham mu r, cn Cc Tc chin th sao?
Anh c pht biu:
- Lc ny m li li th nguy lm. Nhng ngh B cng thy ht kh khn,
nht l ca Qun on II, ng ch Nguyn Hu An, T lnh va i hc Lin
X v. ngh ng ngy N v gi G, cc Trung on ch lc v lc lng v
trang a phng ca Tr - Thin ng lot n sng. Ring Qun on II, cho li
li hai ngy. ch bit Qun on II ang Tr - Thin m cha c hot ng
th cng cha dm iu s d i.
Nghe n y, anh Tn ni vi hai ng ch:
- Ti cng bit cc ng ch kh khn. Nhng cc ng ch phi bit chin dch
ca cc ng ch l nm trong chin cuc chung ca ton quc. Vy thi gian
phi ht sc cht ch, khng th ai mun bt u tin cng ngy no cng c.
Cc ng ch tham gia nhiu chin dch ln, cc ng ch phi r vn ny
ch?
Quay sang ti, anh Tn ngh:
- Xin anh cho php cc lc lng Qun khu Tr - Thin v pho binh Qun on
II n sng ng thi gian quy nh t 5-3, cn phn ln lc lng Qun on II
n sng sau hai ngy nh ngh ca Cc Tc chin.
Ti ng v ch th B trng tham mu theo di, kim tra thc hin.
Khi hai ng ch ra v, ti bo anh Tn:
- Gm, hm nay anh chnh quy qu!
- Tha anh, nng ny l khuyt im ln. ngh B trng biu dng Cc
trng Tc chin hm nay sng d lm?
Ti ci:
- C vy mi m np ni hi c!
120
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Cha tht yn tm. Sng ngy 3-3, ti cho ng ch th k ra sn bay Bch Mai
gi hai ng ch quay li gp ti, ngay khi my bay sp ct cnh. R rng, dt
khot, ti cn dn:
- Nh rng chin dch ny khng nh cc chin dch khc. Cc ng ch c th
pht huy sng kin nh tht hay hon thnh vt mc k hoch, nhng cn
ch nhng vic B Tng t lnh quy nh c th th tuyt i khng c
linh hot, phi chp hnh tht nghim. Phi tch cc sng to thi c v sn sng
chp thi c tin ln ginh thng li ln, k c gii phng Hu. Tiu dit sinh
lc ch l rt quan trng, nhng lm ng c ng cng quan trng khng
km, cc ng ch phi huy ng mi lc lng m ng c ng, v c
ng th mi pht trin tin cng c thun li khi c thi c.
Hai ng ch ha s hon thnh tt c cc nhim v B giao, c v thi gian, a
im v khi lng.
***
Theo di hnh trnh ca on A75, B Tng t lnh bit ton on hnh qun
b mt, an ton, n giao tha Ia rng, n Ty Nguyn vo u nm mi
m lch. Khi ti S ch huy on 559, anh inh c Thin quay tr li Qung
Bnh, ch thn n c vic vn chuyn n vo Ty Nguyn. Mi yu cu ca
chin dch u c anh ng S Nguyn v B T lnh on 559 bo m rt
tch cc: go, n, xng, xe u . ng ra mt trn cht nch xe vn ti
nghn nght chy sut ngy m. c thm nhiu on ng mi ang thi
cng, mt s cng on xng cuc c thay bng my mc do Cuba gi
gip.
Nh thng nht t trc lc khi hnh, va n S ch huy ca c quan i
din Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh t ty th x Bun Ma Thut,
anh Vn Tin Dng thay mt Qun u Trung ng cng b quyt nh thnh lp
B T lnh mt trn Ty Nguyn, gm cc ng ch: Hong Minh Tho, T
lnh; ng V Hip. Chnh u; V Lng, Nguyn Nng, Nguyn Lang, Phan
Hm, Ph T lnh; Ph Triu Hm, Ph Chnh u.
Thng v Khu uy Khu 5 c anh Bi San, u vin Thng v Khu u, cng
mt s cn b i din cc ngnh bn cnh ng u v B T lnh chin dch
121
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ch o trc tip ba tnh Gia Lai, Kon Tum, c Lc, huy ng mi tim lc
ca a phng phc v chin dch Ty Nguyn.
Lc ny, c mt tnh hnh khng thun khin cho k hoch nh thng vo th
x Bun Ma Thut ngay t u chin dch khng thc hin c. l vic b
tr lc lng ta chin trng Ty Nguyn c khc vi d kin ca c quan
chin lc. S on 10 v nhiu n v khc c cc ng ch ch huy ti
ch b tr t c Lp n c Soong trn ng 14 theo trc y l nh
m thng hnh lang vn chuyn chin lc vo Nam B. Anh Dng in ra cho
bit nu iu chnh li i hnh th s rt phc tp, va mt thi gian, va d l
b mt. V vy, cc anh trong quyt nh c thc hin nh c Lp, ng
thi ci th bao vy, c lp Bun Ma Thut. nh xong c Lp ri, s lp tc
iu S on 10 v mt s n v v ngay tham gia nh Bun Ma Thut.
14 gi ngy 25-2-1975, ti in cho anh Vn Tin Dng:
"Ti nhn c in ngy 17-2 ca anh. Cha nm c y tnh hnh c
th, ch gp vi anh mt s kin, sau khi trao i c th vi anh Su (1):
1. Anh cn nhc tnh hnh c th quyt nh theo tinh thn trao i trc
khi anh i. Nn lm n theo phng n nh (2) ra bo co hoc theo mt
phng n khc, mnh bo gii quyt A2 (3), trc nu ch y tng i s
h, ta c iu kin ginh bt ng, tiu dit ch, tip nhanh chng pht trin
thng li.
2. D theo phng n no cng cn tranh th bt ng cao , bo m trn u
thng gin gi, c d kin, c k hoch pht trin thng li kp thi, dit c
tht nhiu sinh lc ch ng thi gii phng c a bn quan trng.
3. Cho kim tra k hoch chi vin hu cn, bo m cho c chi vin y u ca
trong trng hp ch tng cng nh hnh lang.
K tn: Chin".
Lc ny, c mt tnh tit ng nh:
Chp hnh nh ca B, Qun khu 5 c Ph T lnh V Th vo Bnh nh
iu S on 3 ln ct t ng 19. Cc ng ch a phng cha tht
thng, ngh ch a mt trung on i lm nhim v y.
Thy vy, anh Chu Huy Mn lp tc chng gy vo can thip. C lnh ca T
lnh kim Chnh u qun khu, a phng mi ng iu S on 3. Qun
122
i tng V Nguyn Gip
khu cng iu lun c trung on pho ca qun khu cng vi S on 3 ln ct

ng 19, thc hin nhim v chia ct chin lc c ngha rt quan trng
trong din bin chin s sau ny.
Cc bc thc hin chin dch Ty Nguyn pht trin thun li. Qua nm tnh
hnh v khai thc tin ca ch, c quan tc chin bo co:
Ngy 25-2-1975, ta tng cng hot ng nghi binh.
S on 968 dit hai c im ch trn ng 19 pha ty Pleiku v bn vo sn
bay C Hanh.
Ngy 4-3, Trung on 95A v S on 3 (Qun khu 5) tiu dit mt lot v tr,
ct ng 19 An Kh. ch cho bit ng ra d tm v bn pho vo ch nghi
c qun ta.
m 5-3, Trung on 25 ct ng 21 pha ng Ch Cc, dit mt on xe
80 chic. Ty Nguyn bc u b c lp vi ng bng.
Tin tc t chin trng bo v: Ngy 6-3, mt tiu i trng thng tin ca ta b
thng ri vo tay ch, mang theo trong ngi cun s nht k. Mi ngi lo
lng tuy c bit ng ch y b thng nng, phi ca chn, cn m man bt
tnh, ch cha khai thc c g.
Ngy 7-3, qun ta dit c im Ch X (bc Bun H) trn ng 14.
Ngy 8-3, Trung on 48, S on 320 nh chim chi khu qun s Thun
Mn.
Ngy 9-3, S on 10 n sng nh chim qun l c Lp. Trn hng bc, ta
tiu dit qun l Thanh An, p st, uy hip th x Pleiku.
Th chin lc bao vy, chia ct, c lp Bun Ma Thut c ci xong.
***
Chin trng Ty Nguyn chuyn mnh, si ng.
Trn tin cng c Lp v tuyn phng th lin hon gm nm c im trn
ng 14 pha ty nam Bun Ma Thut ca S on 10 v Trung on 40 pho
binh y ch y vo tnh th nguy ngp. Cc cn c Ni La, cn c 23 ca
ch ln lt b tiu dit. ch dn lc lng vo qun l ngoan c chng c. S
on 10 phi dng li cng c lc lng ri tip tc tin cng, n hm sau mi
dt im.
123
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Trc tnh hnh nguy khn, Phm Vn Ph, T lnh Vng II chin thut bay
n Bun Ma Thut hp vi S ph S on 23 nguy v Tnh trng c Lc.
Ph nhn nh: c Lp khng cn kh nng cu vn, khng cn tng vin na.
Trc mt, Trung on 53 c gng gi cho c ng ba c Sc. Nu ngy
hm sau tnh hnh kh hn, s phn kch ly li c Lp. Trng hp khng tr
ni th c php t di tn v hu c. "Cng sn" nh Qung c, uy hip
Bun Ma Thut ch nghi binh to iu kin cho vi ngy ti s tp trung lc
lng nh vo Kon Tum - Pleiku. Do vy, vic chnh hin nav l tng cng
mi kh nng i ph vi ch trng im l Kon Tum v Pleiku.
n thi im ny, qun ngu vn khng bit nh v hng tin cng ca
qun ta. Chng cho rng ta uy hip Bun Ma Thut l nghi binh nh Pleiku
v Kon Tum; nh c Lp l m thng ng vo Nam B. T , chng
lo i ph vi ta hng bc Ty Nguyn, rt bt lc lng nam Ty
Nguyn ln tng vin cho Pleiku. Ph vn c quyt: Nht nh Pleiku l hng
ch yu, v S on 320 ca "Vit cng" vn cn S on 10 "Vit cng"
vn c T - Tn Cnh. Bun Ma Thut cng s c hot ng phi hp
bng c cng pho kch, nhng khng phi l hng chnh.
Hot ng ca qun ta trn cc hng nhp nhng n khp. K hoch nghi binh
chin lc thc hin rt thnh cng. Trong cuc u tr u tin, b tham mu
ch phm sai lm. Bun Ma Thut s h li cng thm s h.
Trong lc Qun on II ngu ra sc chun b i ph vi ch lc ta bc Ty
Nguyn, th vo lc 1 gi 55 pht sng 10-3-1975, trn Bun Ma Thut bt u.
Trung on c cng 198 cng mt b phn pho ci n sng tin cng, nh
chim sn bay ln thng Ng Su, cm kho Mai Hc , sn bay Ho Bnh.
Pho binh ta t cc trn a xung quanh Bun Ma Thut bn ph mnh lit hu
c S on 23, S ch huy tiu khu c Lc, khu doanh tri pho binh, thit
gip ca ch trong th x.
Bun Ma Thut, tnh l tnh c Lc, l trung tm chnh tr, kinh t, vn ho
ca Ty Nguyn, c v tr quan trng v qun s. Th x nm trn ng ba ng
chin lc s 21 ni vi ng s 1 i Nha Trang v ng s 14, pha bc ln
Pleiku, pha nam xung min ng Nam B. Dn s khong 96.000 ngi.
ch b tr y khong 8.400 tn, gm mt trung on b binh, hai chi on
124
i tng V Nguyn Gip
thit gip, hai tiu on pho binh, S ch huy S on 23, Lin on bit ng
21 cng cc lc lng bo an, cnh st v cc cn c Trung on 45 b binh,
Trung on 8 thit gip, Trung on 222 pho binh, vi hai sn bay l sn bay
th x v sn bay Ho Bnh.
Chn mc tiu tin cng ch yu l Bun Ma Thut, B thng soi ti cao d
kin s lm o ln hon ton th phng ng ca ch Ty Nguyn, rung
chuyn ton chin trng min Nam bng mt n im huyt.
Mi t m sng, B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng nhn c in ca anh
Vn Tin Dng:
"Ngy 10-3-1975, ta nh Bun Ma Thut. Tnh hnh din bin th no, c
nhn xt g ln, ti s in tip. Chng ti vn kho. Anh Thin vo 559 tr lc
tch cc cho chin dch ny. Mi yu cu u c gng bo m. Qun no, lc
lng ln, v kh trang b y , tinh thn phn chn, kh th cao. Cha bao
gi mnh v nh tp trung ln y nh nm nay. Chc cc anh trong B
Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng mnh kho.
K tn: Tun".
Chin dch Ty Nguyn m mn. Ti trc tip ch tr cc cuc giao ban hng
ngy ca B Tng Tham mu.
D giao ban thng c cc anh Hong Vn Thi, L Trng Tn, Trn Qu Hai,
Vng Tha V, Trn Sm, Trn Vn Quang, Cao Vn Khnh, Phng Th Ti.
Anh Phm Ngc Mu, Ph Ch nhim Tng cc Chnh tr v anh V Xun
Chim, Ph Ch nhim Tng cc Hu cn cng thng c mt.
Sng 10-3, trong cuc giao ban thng l S ch huy "Nh con rng", mi
ngi phn khi n tin chin thng u tin: Ta gii quyt xong qun l
c Lp, c Soong. Ni La, m thng hnh lang chin lc Bc Nam. Trn
Bun Ma Thut bt u t rng sng hm nay, ang pht trin thun li.
Cc c quan Tng hnh dinh hot ng khn trng. Cn b tc chin, thng
tin, c yu lm vic thu m sut sng. Thng tn x Vit Nam, B Ngoi
giao, Cc Qun bo, Cc Tuyn hun khai thc kp thi tin tc cng khai ca
ch v ca phng Ty. Tt ca u nhm gip B thng soi ti cao nhn nh,
phn on, nh gi tnh hnh iu hnh chin tranh tng giy tng pht.
125
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Tin t nhiu ngun ti tp bo v. Ti sn bay Ng Su, Trung on 198 c

cng dit cc mc tiu quan trng trong sn bay, pht trin nh chim khu cnh
st, bnh vin d chin, to hnh lang thng sut ca ng ng Bc th x
Bun Ma Thut. Cc chin s c cng nhanh chng dit s ch huy khu kho
Mai Hc , m ca hng ty bc, chun b ng tin nh cn c S on
23 ngu.
Cc n v b binh, xe tng, thit gip tranh th vt sng Srpc, vo chim
lnh cc trn a xut pht tin cng, hnh thnh nm mi nht t tin cng vo
th x.
Cuc chin u khu vc Ng Su din ra quyt lt. Trung on 95B nh bi
cuc phn cng ca ch c xe tng v khng qun chi vin.
6 gi 30 pht sng ngy 10-3, di s ym h ca pho binh chin dch, cc
chin s S on 316 nh chim cc mc tiu trong th x Bun Ma Thut.
Trn hng ty bc, qun ta tin cng khu thng tin, khu vn ti, p st hu c
S on 23 ngu.
hng ng bc th x, b binh ta c xe tng i cng tin cng tiu khu c
Lc, n 15 gi ta chim c tiu khu.
hng nam, qun ta tin cng cc mc tiu qun s v qun l Ho Bnh.
Trong ngy 10-3, hu ht cc mc tiu quan trng trong th x, tr S ch huy
S on 23, u b qun ta nh chim.
Tnh hnh pht trin thun li. B T lnh chin dch quyt nh tp trung lc
lng nhanh chng tiu dit S ch huy S on 23 v cc mc tiu cn li
trong th x, ng thi tiu dit cc cn c Bn n, Ch Nga, Bun H, ngn
chn qun tip vin t bn ngoi, b tr lc lng sn sng nh qun ch phn
kch.
Mi n lc ny, Nguyn Vn Thiu v bn tng t ngu mi tnh ra. Chng
ku go trn i pht thanh Si Gn: "T th Bun Ma Thut bng mi gi". R
rng l qu mun ri!
***
Sng hm sau, 11-3, B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng hp ti S ch huy.
y l cuc hp u tin ca B thng soi ti cao t khi m mn chin dch
Ty Nguyn.
126
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Rt vui trc thng li nhng ngy u chin dch, cc anh tho lun si ni v
s pht trin th v lc ca ta, s suy sp ca ch. V hot ng ca ta, mi
ngi u nht tr cn khn trng tip tc m rng tin cng, sn sng nh
ch phan kch.
iu ng ch l tinh thn qun ngu sp xung rt nhanh. Chng khng chu
ni nhng n tin cng ca qun ta vo cc chi khu, qun l. Ai cng ngh n
kh nng ginh thng li ln hn d kin ban u.
Qua tho lun, hi ngh cp c n kh nng ch rt chy khi Ty Nguyn.
Trong trng hp ny, cn c k hoch cht cht, bao vy, chia ct, tin cng,
khng cho chng chy thot.
Hi ngh cng thy r cc din chin trng ang chuyn bin mau l, cn nm
bt cho kp thi c. cn phi ngh ngay n cc hot ng qun s, chnh tr
Hu, Tr - Thin, Nng. Tnh hnh khch quan i hi c quan chin lc
v ton qun chun b nhanh hn v mi mt.
Tinh thn l va qua c Phc Long, ny li c Bun Ma Thut. Vy nn
xem li k hoch hai nm ph hp hay cha, ta c th y mnh, y nhanh
hn na c khng?.
Ti pht biu kin, nu ln nhng nhn t mi v ang xut hin, s a
n nhng bc nhy vt.
Lc lng ca ch b dn mng, cng ko, rt d t tung bt c lc no v
bt c on no. Khng loi tr kh nng ch rt b Ty Nguyn. Qun ta cn
sung sc tinh thn chin u cao, hu cn bo m. Cn khn trng hnh ng,
nm bt thi c v chp ly thi c.
Kt thc hi ngh, anh Ba ni ngn, gn, nhn mnh n cc hot ng qun s
ca ta trong nhng ngy u chin dch, coi l mt "np lm n" mi. Anh
gi c th y mnh cc hot ng hn na c khng? Cn suy ngh xem
Bun Ma Thut phi l trn m u cuc Tng tin cng chin lc hay
cha? Phi c nhng qu m ch lc mnh trong lc ny. Cc qun on
min Nam, min Bc phi s dng nh th no cho tht linh hot, tht tp trung,
khng nn phn tn.
Sau cuc hp, c in ca anh Vn Tin Dng:
"Knh gi anh Chin,
127
i tng V Nguyn Gip
1. Ta hon ton lm ch th x Bun Ma Thut. Cc mc tiu ln nh S

on b 23, tiu khu c Lc khu thit gip v pho, sn bay th x chim
gi. ang truy lng tn qun trn trong th x. S b mi bit bt gn 1.000 t
binh (cha phn loi) v mt khi lng rt ln chin li phm. c Lp n
c Soong hon ton xong. Thu 12 pho v gn 100 tn n pho.
2. ang tip tc pht trin tiu dit cc mc tiu xung quanh nh cn c
Trung on 45, cn c Trung on 53, Bun H, Bn n v tng thm lc
lng chim gi vng chc sn bay Ho Bnh.
3. Ngy 11-3, U ban qun qun c Lc s trin khai cng vic. thun li
cho cng tc, ngh trao qun hm i t cho ng ch Y Blc lm Ch tch
U ban".
Cn c vo tnh hnh ch - ta trn chin trng, vo kh nng bo m hu cn
v thi tit thun li, anh Tun c nh va cng c vng chc Bun Ma
Thut, sn sng nh ch phan kch, va pht trin ra chung quanh hon
ton lm ch c Lc, pht trin v pha ng n Cheo Reo (c th tiu dit
hoc bao vy Cheo Reo) ri t ngc ln bao vy tiu dit Pleiku, c lp
Kon Tum.
Hng pht trin v pha nam c th chm li sau.
Anh Tun ngh ti trao i trong Qun u v bo co vi B Chnh tr ri
cho anh bit sm.
***
Chin dch Ty Nguyn m u thng li gin gi. Bun Ma Thut c gii
phng.
Nh vy tnh hnh chin s pht trin nhanh hn so vi k hoch chin lc
c bn, tr tnh gii phng Ty Nguyn trong nm 1975, bc mt ca k hoch
hai nm. Vi chin thng Bun Ma Thut, ta c kh nng gii phng Ty
Nguyn sm hn nhiu. y l vn quan trng mi c t ra.
Rt yn tm v Ty Nguyn, ti ngh ngay n cc chin trng phi hp Tr
- Thin, Khu 5, Nam B, nht l ng bng sng Cu Long.
B Tng Tham mu bo co: Tnh hnh pht trin tt Tr - Thin, qun ta b
mt vt qua tuyn phng th vng ngoi dy c ca ch, t nhp xung
128
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ng bng v xung quanh thnh ph Hu, lin tip tin cng cc v tr v h

thng km kp ca ch.
Qun v dn Khu 5 tiu dit qun l Tin Phc, uy hip Qung Tn, Qung
Ngi.
chin trng Nam B, ch khng cn bt c thanh nin vo lnh, nn lc
lng ca chng c s b hng ht. Qun v dn vng chu th) sng Cu
Long phi hp cht ch ba mi gip cng, dit nhiu n bt ch, gii phng
nhiu a bn rng ln. Phong tro u tranh cch mng ln cao.
Pht huy chin thng Phc Long v chin thng ni B en, B2 c k
hoch hot ng ca ton Min phi hp vi chin trng chnh, m u t
hai ca k hoch ma kh 1974-1975 vo ngy N (m 9 rng ngy 10-3-1975),
theo quy nh ca B Tng t lnh. Ngoi k hoch qun s, cc anh cn c k
hoch y mnh ni dy ca qun chng, s dng lc lng tng hp ca chin
tranh nhn dn theo tinh thn Tng tin cng v ni dy. ng thi, BT lnh
Min cng thng qua k hoch v giao nhim v cho Qun on IV, cc
qun khu, s on v cc lc lng c cng, bit ng trong ni thnh Si
Gn.
Mt iu cn suy ngh trong nhng ngy ny l sp xp cn b ch tr cc
"qu m ch lc". Chin thng Ty Nguyn cng cho thy vic y quan trng
bit nhng no. Qun u Trung ng quyt nh b nhim cn b lnh o, ch
huy Qun on IV v on 232.
ng ch Hong Cm, T lnh, ng ch Hong Th Thin, Chnh u, ng ch
Bi Ct V, Ph T lnh Qun on IV. ng ch Nguyn Minh Chu, T lnh,
ng ch Trn Vn Phc, Chnh u, ng ch Trn Vn Nghim, Ph T lnh
on 232.
19 gi ngy 11-3, ti in cho anh Vn Tin Dng:
"Sng nay, trc khi nhn in ca anh, B Chnh tr v Qun u hp nhn
nh tnh hnh c my im chnh sau y:
1. K hoch chin lc v chin dch do B Chnh tr v Qun u ra l chnh
xc, cng tc chun b lm tng i tt, v vy ngay trong nhng ngy u vo
t ginh c thng li ln.
129
i tng V Nguyn Gip
2. Thng li Bun Ma Thut - c Lp trn ng 19 v cc hng khc

chng t ta c kh nng ginh thng li to ln vi nhp nhanh chng hn d
kin. c im ni bt l tinh thn ch rt sa st.
3. Trc tnh hnh , ngay trong t hot ng ny v k c trong k hoch
tip theo, cn c tinh thn khn trng, mnh bo, kp thi li dng thi c mi
ginh thng li ln.
4. B3, cn ht sc ch trng t hot ng ny v k c trong k hoch tip
theo, cn c tinh thn khn trng, mnh bo, kp thi li dng thi c mi
ginh thng li ln.
5. in ca anh hon ton ph hp vi kin trao i sng nay trong B Chnh
tr v Qun u. Ti va bn vi anh Ba, anh Su. Hon ton ng vi ch
trng trong in:
a) Bun Ma Thut, tiu dit ch cn li, pht trin xung quanh, sn sng nh
vin, b) Nhanh chng pht trin v hng Cheo Reo, bao vy ngay tiu dit,
c) Hon thnh ngay th bao vy Pleiku, thc hin chia ct chin lc, bao vy
v chun b tiu dit An Kh c lp Pleiku.
Pht trin xung pha nam s lm sau mt bc.
Trong pht trin tin cng, ch nm vng ch lc, trnh phn tn.
Thng v Qun u Trung ng quyt nh phong qun hm i t cho ng
ch y Blc. B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng nhit lit khen ngi ton th
cn b, chin s, ng vin, on vin, cng nhn vin quc phng v nhn dn
trn mt trn Ty Nguyn ginh thng li ln.
Chc anh mnh kho v gi li chc anh em trong K tn: Chin".
Khng kh phn khi, tin tng, quyt tm bao trm c quan Tng hnh dinh.
Lc ny, nm tnh hnh ch l trng tm cng tc ca c quan chin lc. Ti
ch th mc cho ng ch Trng phng 70 Cc Qun bo mt my in thoi
nh ring v dn ng ch th k t nay khi no c tin k thut th d ti u,
lm g, ngay c khi ang hp B Chnh tr, cng phi bo ngay. Hng ngy, c 4
gi 30 sng, phi gi in cho ng ch Thanh hi xem c tin tc g mi trong
m.
***
T ch phn on sai lm, ch bt u tnh ra v b ng i ph.
130
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Tin cho bit Nguyn Vn Thiu c nh da vo cc lc lng cn li v cc

im ph cn Bun Ma Thut, iu thm lc lng b binh c khng qun ym
tr, t chc phn kch chim li th x. Chin on 45 cng s ch huy c bn
ca S on 23 ngu b bng trc thng xung Bun H tra ngy 11-3.
Khng qun ngu ang c huy ng mc cao.
12 gi ngy 12-3, Qun u in tip cho anh Dng, ng gi anh Hong Minh
Tho v Thng v ng u B3.
"ch ang c nh da vo cc lc lng cha b tiu dit ca chng v cc
im ph cn, tng thm lc lng phi hp vi khng qun tin hnh phn
kch hng chim li Bun Ma Thut. V vy, vic cp thit nht l nhanh chng
tp trung lc lng hn na, nhanh chng tiu dit cc n v v cc cn c ca
ch chung quanh Bun Ma Thut, tiu dit vin binh ca chng. Tiu dit
c b phn quan trng sinh lc ca ch chung quanh Bun Ma Thut s c
ngha quyt nh i vi s pht trin ca chin dch. ng thi ch o mi
cng tc hot ng trn cc hng pht trin d nh: Cheo Reo, Pleiku v
ng 19. Ch khai thc t binh phc v cho tc chin v binh vn. Chc
thng to. K tn: Chin".
ng thi, ti ch th B Tng Tham mu in cho Khu 5, Tr - Thin v Qun
on II thng bo ni dung cuc hp ca B Chnh tr ngy hm trc (11-3),
hng dn phng hng hot ng tip theo ca cc chin trng l cn khn
trng, mnh bo, kp thi tranh th iu kin thun li ginh thng li to ln
hn. Theo nhng hng d kin, da vo quyt tm c bn ra, kp thi
pht trin mt cch kin quyt. Ht sc coi trng tiu dit tht nhiu sinh lc
ch trong khi chng rt chy hoc trong khi chng a qun n tip vin.
***
Nhng ngy thng ba si ng.
tr thnh l thng, cc anh trong B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng
thng n Tng hnh dinh d giao ban, nghe B Tng Tham mu bo co tnh
hnh chin s, trao i kin ch o kp thi. Ring ti, ngoi nhng gi lm
vic ban ngy, thng l thng tm khng ngh tra, ti no cng vo S ch
huy bng li ca ty, lm vic v ng lun ti y. Phn khi xua tan mi mt.
Tit xun nao nc lng ngi. Quyn ch ng chin lc gip cho c quan
131
i tng V Nguyn Gip
lnh o, ch huy thm bnh tnh, sng sut, linh hot, ngc li vi k ch
ang trong th b ng, tuyt vng, ri m.
Trong bui giao ban sng 13-3, B Tng Tham mu bo co: C kh nng ch
tp trung lc lng ca chng cn li Ty Nguyn v Pleiku, cng c th
chng buc phi rt chy khi Ty Nguyn. D trong tnh hung no, ta cng
phi thc hin cho bng c v thc hin tht nhanh quyt tm tiu dit ch,
gii phng hon ton Ty Nguyn.
Bui giao ban tin hnh nhanh, gn. Thi gian l lc lng, khng th lng ph.
Ti in ngay cho anh Dng:
"Trng hp ch b tiu dit mt b phn sinh lc ln, mt th x Bun Ma
Thut v nhiu qun l, vic chia ct chin lc ng s 19 thc hin tt th c
kh nng chng tp trung cc lc lng cn li B3 v Pleiku, cng nn ngh
n kh nng chng buc phi thc hin rt lui chin lc. V vy, cn bao vy
ngay Pleiku bng cc th ho lc, k c cc loi pho cao x, trit ng tip t
ca ch, chun b tiu dit ch trong c hai tnh hung: ch co cm Pleiku,
hoc rt chy khi Ty Nguyn. K tn: Vn".
Bc in c chuyn lc 9 gi sng.
Hm sau, anh L Trng Tn gi in cho ti bo co tin k thut mi nht Cc
2 va nhn c: Tnh hnh Pleiku, Kon Tum rt hn lon. ch t cc kho
tng. Dn ht hong. Thiu bay ra Cam Ranh nghe Ph bo co tnh hnh, c
Cao Vn Vin, Trn Thin Khim v ng Vn Quang cng d. Nghe xong,
Thiu ni: Qun vin b cp. n v tin thiu. ch nh mnh. Kon Tum Pleiku, t ngi, kinh t khng c. Cho rt qun v gi vng vng duyn hi. L
trnh rt c chp thun l lin tnh l 7.
Ti trao i vi anh Tn:
- ch rt b Pleiku - Kon Tum r rt. Chng s a lc lng xung co cm
gia ng bng Khu 5, Hu v Nng. Tnh hnh s pht trin nhanh. Anh
in ngay cho anh Dng bit.
Nhn c cc bc in dn dp gi vo, anh Vn Tin Dng v B T lnh
Ty Nguyn rt ng tnh. Cc anh lp tc ra lnh cho cc hng hnh thnh
bao vy v t chc nh ch. Tuy vy, khng phi ai cng nhy bn trc tnh
hnh din bil qu nhanh. Sau ny c bit lc by gi, c mt s cn b
132
i tng V Nguyn Gip
chin trng ngh khc. C ng ch ni vi anh V Lng, Ph T lnh mt

trn Ty Nguyn: "Lm g c chuyn ch rt Pleiku"(!).
***
C nc hng v min Nam.
Bo hng ngy ht ngay t sng sm. Trong cc gi pht thanh thi s, hu nh
mi gia nh u ngi bn my thu thanh. Cc bn tin nhanh ca Thng tn x
Vit Nam, mc d tng thm mi ngy my bn, vn khng p ng kp yu
cu. i BBC c nhiu ngi n nghe. Cc phng vin nc ngoi thng
tr ti H Ni chy ngc xui sn lng tin, khn trng khng km.
Mt trn d lun phi n khp vi mt trn qun s.
Khng phi lc no cng tc thng tin, tuyn truyn cng cn trin khai rm r.
Ti trao i vi cc anh trong B Chnh tr v in ngay cho anh Dng: "Theo
ch th ca B Chnh tr, chng ti ch trng v tuyn truyn cng khai ch
thc hin tng bc. Lc u a ra tng trn, i n khi cuc tin cng c
bn hon thnh mi a tin gii phng Bun Ma Thut. Trong khi a tin, nu
bt s vi phm Hip nh ca ch, ni nhiu v phong tro ni dy ca qun
chng, ng thi ni nhiu n hot ng ca Qun gii phng. Anh c kin
g, in cho bit. K tn: Chin".
ng thi, ti ch th Tng cc Chnh tr thng bo ch trng ny cho cc c
quan thng tin i chng.
Trong qun s, nht l thi im quyt nh, cn phi ni t, lm nhiu. "Cn
ming m khng cn ting".
Tin v dn dp. C quan tc chin phi la chn, sng lc bo co tnh hnh
c chnh xc, kp thi.
ch pht hin c hng tin cng chin lc Ty Nguyn ca ta. Chng
ang iu ng lc lng c ng chin lc gm qun d v mt s thit on
hng phn kch chim li Bun Ma Thut. Nguyn Vn Thiu ra lnh cho Phm
Vn Ph phi cng c li lc lng chim li Bun Ma Thut bng mi gi.
Chng s dng Lin on bit ng qun 21, hai trung on 44 v 45 ca S
on 23 vi s ym tr ca S on 3 khng qun ng sn bay Thnh Sn
(Phan Rang). ng thi, chng iu Lin on bit ng qun 7 t Si Gn ra
thay S on 23 Pleiku.
133
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ch cha kp hnh ng th Lin on 21 b ta nh thit hi nng. Ngy 133, Trung on 45 c 200 ln chic my bay ln thng xung ng Bun
Ma Thut, cng b qun ta vy nh, dit hai tiu on.
T chin trng Khu 5, ngy 15-3, anh Chu Huy Mn in ra bo co: tnh hnh
pht trin nhanh v thun li. vng ven bin, Khu 5 s nh Tam K, Tr
Bng, Sn H, pht trin xung ng s 4 xung quanh Qung Ngi, Bnh
nh, to iu kin cho ng bng m mng, ginh dn, ng thi bao vy An
Kh, to thi c dt im.
Ngay hm , ti tranh th trao i vi anh Ba v anh Su v nhng din bin
mi trn chin trng Ty Nguyn v cc chin trng khc, xc nh phng
hng pht trin chin dch Ty Nguyn. Cc anh hon ton nht tr. Ti in
cho anh Vn Tin Dng:
"20 gi ngy 15-3-1975.
in gi anh Tun, Chng ti trao i vi anh Ba v anh Su, nhn nh tnh
hnh nh sau:
1. Cn c cc ngun tin, hin nay ch thy r hng chnh ca ta l nam Ty
Nguyn, xc nh c tng i r lc lng ca ta y, cc hng khc
ta ch hot ng c mc , v vy chng c ch trng tp trung c gng,
iu ng lc lng c ng chin lc v mt s lin on bit ng v thit
on c th theo ng 21 m cuc hnh qun tng i ln hng ginh li
Bun Ma Thut.
Tuy lc lng c tng, nhng tinh thn chng rt km, cc mt bo m c
nhiu kh khn. Ta c y iu kin tiu dit ton b sinh lc ch.
2. V vy, cn tp trung lc lng vng A (Bun Ma Thut) v ph cn, nm
chc lc lng d b trong tay, nhanh chng tp trung binh ho lc tiu dit
tng cnh qun ca ch, trc ht l trn hng Phc An, sn sng tiu dit
vin binh ng khng, ng b ca chng.
Bc tip theo s chuyn lc lng ln tiu dit ch Cheo Reo.
Trn Bun Ma Thut ang pht trin thnh mt cuc chin u quy m ln
nhm tiu dit trn di hai s on ch. Vic tiu dit sinh lc ln ca ch
y s c ngha quyt nh i vi s pht trin thng li ca chin dch trn
c chin trng Ty Nguyn. Cn ng vin cn b, chin s c quyt tm tht
134
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ln, nm ly c hi ln, tiu dit ton b sinh lc ch, gii phng nam Ty
Nguyn.
3. i vi B (Nam B), hnh thnh tng bc th bao vy tng cng khng
ch cc sn bay v ph hu cc kho tng ca ch, tin hnh tht khn trng
mi cng tc chun b cn thit khng cho ch kp tr tay.
Chc thng to.
K tn: Chin".
Trong khi cc ng ch c yu ang khn trng dch in, ti nhn c in
ca anh Dng cho bit b i rt phn khi v ha "s n lc t chc ch o
thc hin nhm t cc yu cu ca trn, rt ngn thi gian, vt k hoch nm
1975. Trc tnh hnh chin s ang pht trin nhanh chng, cung cch lm n
"r m" ca cn b ta l mt tr ngi, cn c nhanh chng khc phc!
c xong, ti vit thm mt on vo bc in ang dch d:
"Vit xong in ny th nhn c in 05 ca anh.
Chng ti nht tr ta s hon thnh vt thi gian rt nhiu k hoch chung
nh, hin ang nghin cu v gp rt chun b theo phng hng . Sau khi
xin ch th B Chnh tr, ti s c in mi cho anh".
Nh vy l pha trc v pha sau u thng nht, trn di u quyt tm: Phi
thng nhanh hn, ln hn, khng hon ton ph thuc vo ch tiu v thi gian
nh ra trong k hoch c bn.
***
Tnh hnh pht trin qu nhanh.
Mc d ta hn ch mc tuyn truyn, c nc ta v th gii cng b cun
ht vo cn lc cch mng min Nam Vit Nam.
cc c quan chin lc ca ng v ca qun i, ni nm vng tnh hnh
tng gi, tng pht, khng kh li cng si ng. Tt c tm tr dnh ht cho
min Nam.
T u thng 2, theo ngh ca anh L Trng Tn, Qun u ng B
Tng Tham mu trin khai nghin cu k hoch tc chin cc bc tip theo
chin dch Ty Nguyn, l cc chin dch Hu - Nng v Si Gn, ch ng
cng cc tng cc trong B Quc phng xc nh cc mc tiu chin lc, s
dng lc lng v bo m hu cn, k thut. Lc ny, c quan tc chin khng
135
i tng V Nguyn Gip
cn b, mt s tr l c nng lc v kinh nghim tham gia on A.75.

Sau khi trao i vi Tng Cc Chnh tr, ti gi in cho ng ch L Hu c,
Cc trng Cc Tc chin:
- Cu sang ngay Cc Cn b bn bc chn ly mt s cn b v lm k
hoch. Ti gp anh Song Ho, anh y rt nht tr. Nh cho ngi ra Trm 66
mi anh Trn Hi Phng, T lnh bit ng Si Gn - Gia nh vo tham gia t
nghin cu chin dch Si Gn. Anh y thng thuc thnh ph Si Gn. Ch
s dng bit ng, c cng nh vo cc mc tiu quan trng.
Din bin ca chin trng i trc mi phn on v d kin. Ring ti trong
nhng ngy ny, din bin ca chin trng nh mt cun phim quay thng
trc trong u. Ti Tng hnh dinh, ti thng ng rt lu trc tm bn
ln, khng nhng theo di s pht trin ca cc mi tin cng ca qun ta, s
i ph ca ch m cn suy ngh, tnh ton, hnh dung nhng bc pht trin
tip theo trn tt c cc hng chin lc t Tr - Thin n ng bng sng
Cu Long. Tm bn chin s nh r hn, sng hn mi ngy. t nc thn
yu tri di bn b Thi Bnh Dng ang chuyn mnh, b ri li pha sau mi
suy ngh, tc phong l m, lc hu. Cu th ca Bc trong bi th Hc nh c
lc ny nhc nh:
"Lc nc hai xe nh b ph
Gp thi mt tt cng thnh cng".
Nhiu m, ti sang phng trc ban tc chin ngi cng anh em n tn khuya,
mun n tin v sm pht no hay pht y.
Nhng lc qu cng thng, thnh thong ti ra H Ty bi thuyn th gin
tinh thn. Thng mi ln nh th, c mt cn b cng i tranh th lm vic
nh nhng, nht l ghi li nhng ngh quan trng bt cht ny ra. C ln mi
suy ngh, bi thuyn kh xa, ra tn n th b cha Liu Hnh.
Ngy 16-3, c tin ch rt Kon Tum, ti in ngay cho B T lnh chin dch
Ty Nguyn yu cu trin khai nh qun ch rt chy, ng thi lnh cho
Qun khu 5 a b i a phng ln cht ng s 7, cho S on 968 v S
on 470 cng binh tin nhanh vo Pleiku, Kon Tum.
Ngy hm sau, Cc Tc chin bo co: B i ta ang thc hin k hoch ct
t con ng ny, tiu dit qun ch ang tho chy. Tr - Thin, phi hp
136
i tng V Nguyn Gip
vi chin trng chnh Ty Nguyn, qun ta tin cng ph v mt mng ln

h thng phng ng ca ch khu vc ng 14, dit v bt gn 1.000 tn
ch, thu ht, giam chn qun ch ty nam Tha Thin, dit c im Chc
Mao v im cao 300, uy hip ty bc Hu, to iu kin cho cc lc lng a
phng tiu hao sinh lc ch, v trang tuyn truyn gy c s qun chng sut
t nam sng Thch Hn n Vng Lng C.
B Tng Tham mu khn trng nm tnh hnh cc chin trng Khu 5, Nam
B. Trong bui giao ban sng 17-3, trc mt bn ln phn nh tnh hnh
chin s mi nht, ti i n mt nhn nh: Sau khi qun ta c bn nh bi
cuc phn kch ca ch hng chim li Bun Ma Thut, qun ch y ang
thc hin co cm chin lc, tp trung v hng Si Gn, Cam Ranh, c th c
Nng. Thi c ln xut hin.
Qua trao i, ti v cc ng ch ch tr trong B Tng Tham mu nht tr ngy
mai s ngh vi B Chnh tr: Sau khi Ty Nguyn c bn c gii
phng, pht trin theo hai hng: hng ch yu, phn ln lc lng B3 s pht
trin vo min ng Nam B.
Hng th hai, pht trin xung ng bng Khu 5 vi lc lng hin c, c th
tng cng thm mt s on.
p ng kp yu cu ca cc hng tin cng chin lc, lnh cho on 559
chuyn c tuyn t ng Trng Sn sang ng 14 (Pleiku - Kon Tum), tng
cng trang b, va lm cng tc vn chuyn va bo v hnh lang, cng c
vng gii phng.
Cuc giao ban va xong, ti tranh th in cho anh Vn Tin Dng:
"ch ang thc hin co cm chin lc sm hn ta d kin. Trc s pht
trin tin cng ca ta, sp n qu trnh co cm chin lc s tip tc. Phng
hng l tp trung Si Gn, Cam Ranh, c th Nng. y l thi c ln.
Pht trin tin cng theo hng no l ch yu. Anh tr li v hng pht trin
kp xin kin B Chnh tr vo sng mai. Chc anh v anh em kho, thng
tht to. K tn: Chin".
Bc in c chuyn ngay lc 9 gi sng.
Va ngi vo bn lm vic, gi t bo Nhn dn vi hng tt m a tin chin
thng trn trang nht, th ng ch trc ban tc chin chuyn n mt bc in
137
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ca anh Dng ngy 16-3. Sau khi bo co b sung tnh hnh mi nht Ty
Nguyn, anh xin kin B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng v my vic ln:
- Bo v, cng c vng mi gii phng.
- Dit vin binh ch. Dit hai qun cn li ca tnh c Lc v qun c
Xuyn, gi ng 21 khng cho ch gii to.
- Pht trin tin cng Cheo Reo, ct ri Pleiku v Kon Tum.
Ngoi ra, anh ngh B2 phi hp tin cng v hng Qung c, nh chim
Nhn C, bao vy tiu dit Gia Ngha. Khu 5 tin cng tiu dit An Kh, ct
ng 19. B4 v B5 chia ct Hu - Nng, uy hip hai thnh ph ny.
Cc Tc chin sao bc in ca anh Dng gi ngay n cc ng ch trong B
Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng. Ti tranh th in tip vo bc in va nh
i:
"Phng n 1: Sau khi Ty Nguyn c gii phng hoc c bn gii phng
th pht trin theo hai hng: hng ch yu l cho i b phn lc lng B3
pht trin vo min ng; hng th hai l m rng vng gii phng ng bng
Khu 5 vi lc lng hin c, c th tng cng F.968 v binh kh k thut. Ti,
anh S (4) anh Ba Long (5) nht tr nng v Phng n 1. Ngy mai s xin
kin B Chnh tr. K tn: Chin".
Ti hm y, B Tng Tham mu in cho Qun khu Tr - Thin v Khu 5 a
ngay lc lng xung ng bng vi quy m trung on, phi hp cng cc lc
lng v trang a phng v nhn dn nh chim cc khu vc vng su,
nh chim qun l Ph Lc, ct ng s 1, chun b tin cng Nng.
Ngy hm sau, c tin bo S on d Nng ang rt v Si Gn, ch a
S on lnh thu nh b ln thay, c hin tng ch mun b t t bc Hu
n o Hi Vn. l nhng du hiu ch co cm chin lc trn ton min
Nam. Ti hi yi B Tng Tham mu in cho B4 v B5 lp tc nh ngay,
ct ng s 1, pho kch sn bay Ph Bi, kin quyt khng cho ch rt qun,
co cm v Nng.
***
Nhng t liu ng tin cy sau ny tit l:
Sng 11-3, ngay sau khi c tin Bun Ma Thut b nh chim, Nguyn
Vn Thiu hp vi Trn Thin Khim, Th tng, Cao Vn Vin, Tng Tham
138
i tng V Nguyn Gip
mu trng v tng ng Vn Quang. Thiu tr li vi mt suy ngh c t

sau ngy Hip nh Paris c k kt: Trong tnh hnh nguy khn, c th tng
bc b Vng I v Vng II chin thut (Tr - Thin, Ty Nguyn v cc tnh
pha bc min Trung), co v gi Vng III v IV chin thut, bao gm c ng
bng sng Cu Long. Th mt t cn hn chung sng vi "cng sn". Thiu
phc ra k hoch trn bn v ni: "Vi sc lc v kh nng ca ta, chc chn
ta khng th no gi c ton b vng t theo mun. Chng ta phi trin
khai li lc lng lm sao c th gi nhng vng ng dn v tr ph ny thi.
Chnh nhng vng ny mi tht quan trng".
Chin lc ny ca Thiu cn c gi nm na l "u b t to", th lng phn
trn, gi cht phn di.
Vng "trn" tp gip vi min Bc vn l vng bt li v qun s cng nh v
kinh t, vng "di", chnh l vng ng bng sng Cu Long tr ph, cung cp
la go, rau qu c tm cho 75% dn s "Vit Nam cng ho".
Khng ai c kin g?
Ci phng n vn bt c d ny, thc ra l mt cn c mng.
Tr li vn Bun Ma Thut, Thiu yu cu "t th", chim li bng mi gi.
Ngay chiu hm y, i pht thanh Si Gn v i "qun i cng ho" ku
go n tht thanh: "T th Bun Ma Thut!".
Khng may cho nh bo Php Pn Lngri (Paul Landri) li a tin: Bun
Ma Thut b tht th!
Bn tin ca hng thng tn AFP khc no mt go nc lnh di ln u Thiu.
Nh bo Php phi tr gi t v mt tin chin s kp thi, chnh xc, bng
tnh mnh ca mnh.
Phm Vn Ph, T lnh Vng II chin thut, tm cch cu vn tnh th. Ph
tng l mt lnh ngu di thi Php, b qun ta bt ti in Bin Ph nm
1954, nay l mt vin tng ti, khng c gii qun s tn nhim. Tuy vy,
Thiu li nng Ph, bi v c hai cng gip nhau ln chc.
Cuc hp tin hnh ti Cam Ranh tra 14-3, theo ngh ca Ph, v Pleiku
khng c an ton, ti ngi bit th xy ct trong dp n Tng thng M L.B.
Ginxn hi nm 1966. Cng hp c Trn Thin Khim, Cao Vn Vin, ng
139
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Vn Quang, ba c vn thn cn nht ca Thiu. Cuc hp c gi tuyt i b

mt, k ca vi c vn M.
Tnh hnh Qun on II ngu rt en ti. Hu nh ton b Bun Ma Thut
nm di quyn kim sot ca cng sn. Cc ng giao thng u b ct t.
Ph khng dm tr li dt khot khi Thiu hoi c th chim li Bun Ma Thut
c hay khng? Ph ch xin thm qun v my bay ln thng ch qun, v
khng th tip vin bng ng b.
Yu cu ca Ph khng c p ng, v khng cn qun d b, v 200 trong s
400 trc thng ca qun ngu hoc b cng sn bn ri, hoc khng hot
ng c na do thiu ph tng thay th.
Kt thc cuc hp, Thiu lnh cho Ph rt b Pleiku, Kon Tum, trin khai lc
lng ti chim Bun Ma Thut. Cc n v cn li s rt v Tuy Ho. , s
tp hp, cng c lc lng tin hnh mt chin dch chim li Bun Ma Thut.
Ph ch trng rt qun theo ng s 7 tranh th bt ng. y l con
ng lin tnh t lu hu nh b b qun, nn h hng nng. Cu cng trn
ng b sp. R rng, cuc rt qun trn con ng mi l, xuyn qua rng
ni, y ri ro, nguy him ny, khng c mt bin php tr gip ti thiu no
ca B Tng Tham mu, l mt cuc phiu lu ln, nhng nh phi chp nhn
v khng cn cch no khc.
Ph ch ngh vi Thiu mt "n hu" cui cng. l vic thng chc thiu
tng cho Phan Vn Tt, i t, T lnh bit ng qun Vng II chin thut.
Thiu ng .
Thiu c ng u, y l "con bi chun", l mt tr "th mng" ca Ph, v khi
tr v Pleiku, Ph lp tc giao quyn cho "tn thiu tng" Phan Vn Tt ch
huy cuc rt lui. Ngay sau , Ph ri Pleiku bng trc thng vi l do v trng
coi s ch huy mi Nha Trang, b mc Tt cng ton b binh s ngu Vng
II chin thut i vo ci cht!
Tin tc sau ny cn cho bit:
Trong khi ngu quyn Si Gn ang bn b vc thm, bo ch M v Si Gn
a tin mt phi on ca Quc hi M bay sang Si Gn xem xt ti ch,
c nn vin tr b sung cho Thiu 800 triu la na hay khng? Phi on do
thng ngh s Diuy Bclt (Dewey F. Bartlett) v dn biu Gin Phlin (John J.
140
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Flynt) dn u, gm tm ngi thuc hai ng Cng ho v Dn ch cng mt

t nhn vin tham mu v mt v.
Chnh quyn Si Gn b tr mt chng trnh lch s, chu o cc ngh s M
i khp ni, k c n xem cc "chung cp" Cn Sn v gp phi on "Vit
cng" sn bay Tn Sn Nht.
Sau my ngy xem xt, tip xc, thi ca phi on Quc hi M khng my
thun li i vi Thiu.
Tr hai trng on, cc thnh vin cn li ca phi on dng nh dng
dng trc cnh "thp t nht sinh" ca ch Si Gn. Dng dng, ngo mn,
khng h c mt thi thn hu no n mc Nguyn Vn Thiu khng t
km ch c mnh, but mm ni trong bui d tic chiu ngy 1-3 ti dinh
c Lp:
"Vn rt li thnh mt cu hi n gin l liu nhng li ha ca M cn gi
tr na hay khng? Li ni ca M c nn tin na hay khng? l thng ip
ti mun cc ngi chuyn ti Quc hi Hoa K".
Tht vng v cay ng, Thiu ni thm:
"Ti xin c php khen ngi nhng ngi bn chn chnh v quan im ng
n ca h, v ti cng xin c php nhc li y cu ni y ngha: qu
tng l quan trng nhng cch trao tng li cng quan trng hn".
D tic ngy 1-3 l ba tic ln cui cng dinh c Lp. Cay ng thay cho
Nguyn Vn Thiu, y khng ch l cch tng qu, m ngay c "mn qu" t i
chng thm vo u, sau cng khng c nt?
141
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ch thch:
(1) Anh L c Th.
(2) Cn b tc chin c c vo theo di trn Bun Ma Thut.
(3) Bun Ma Thut.
(4) ng ch Hong Vn Thi.
(5) ng ch L Trng Tn.
142
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Chng 6
CHUYN CUC TIN CNG THNH

TNG TIN CNG
Chin dch Ty Nguyn pht trin thng li.

ng nh phn on ca B Tng t lnh, trong hai ngy 12 v 13-3, ch
qun xung ng Bun Ma Thut, Phc An v ty sn bay Ho Bnh. Chng
sa ngay vo mt ci by ging sn. Cc trung on 45, 44, S ch huy nh S
on 23 ngu cng vi tn qun ca Lin on bit ng s 21 ln lt b tiu
dit. S cn li chy tn lon, b li nhiu v kh, xe c v qun trang, qun
dng. Cuc phn kch ca ch hng chim li Bun Ma Thut b p tan.
Cng ng nh d on, ngy 16-3, ch b Kon Tum, v 17-3, b Pleiku, theo
ng s 7 rt chy v hng ven bin. Theo tin trinh st, ng s 7 b b t
lu, cu hng, ph qua sng khng c. c tin qun ch rt chy theo con
ng y, anh Vn Tin Dng kin quyt ra lnh cho S on 320 chn ngay
ng rt lui ca ch, lnh cho B ch huy chin dch Ty Nguyn huy ng
thm xe bc thp, xe vn ti, thm pho v vt cht bo m cho S on
320 khn trng truy kch ch. Giao nhim v cho ng ch Kim Tun. S
on trng S on 320, anh Dng nghim khc nhn mnh: "Lc ny do
d mt cht, s h mt cht l hng vic. Nu ch chy thot l mt ti
ln".
Sau khi nhn mnh lnh, S on 320 tch cc, khn trng vt mi kh khn,
cp tc hnh qun trong m 16-3. M sng hm sau, mt n v nhanh
chng bng rng ra ct ng s 7, chn ch ng Ph Bn, tiu dit ch v
nh xung Cng Sn. Trong lc , hai tiu on b i a phng tin ra ct
cu Sn Ho v cng S on 320 tin cng gii phng Cng Sn.
Qun ch hon ton tan r. Ta tu dit v bt sng gn 6.000 tn, thu hng
trm khu pho cc loi, xe tng, xe cng binh, xe vn ti.
143
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Bo ch v i pht thanh phng Ty thm cht xc tc vo qu trnh sp

ca ngu qun, ngu quyn. i BBC tng thut chi tit cuc rt chy, t m
hnh nh thm bi vi nhng cnh rng rn Pleiku, Kon Tum v trn ng
s 7. i Ting ni Hoa K loan tin Quc hi M bc b vin tr thm v qun
s cho ngu quyn Si Gn vi a s p o: 49 phiu thun trn 189 phiu
chng ti H ngh vin, v 6 phiu thun trn 36 phiu chng ti Thng ngh
vin.
n lc phi chy ua vi thi gian.
B Chnh tr quyt nh s hp vo ngy 18-3. Ti ch th cho B Tng Tham
mu chun b tnh hnh v xut kin.
m 15-3, Cc Qun bo pht hin mt hot ng ng ch ca ch Tr Thin: Lin on bit ng qun 14 chuyn ra Quang Tr thay th S on lnh
thu nh b chuyn phn ln vo Nng. Hin tng ny gip ti khng
nh thm mt nhn xt ang hnh thnh trong suy ngh t sau chin thng Bun
Ma Thut: qua cuc sc ln u tin Ty Nguyn v nhng din bin tip
theo, c th thy r qun ngu cn yu hn nhiu so vi s nh gi ca ta
trc lc m cuc tin cng. Chng khng hy vng gi c Tr - Thin. C th
chng s tp trung lc lng v gi Nng, ni c v tr chin lc qun s
xung yu. Nh vy, kh nng pht trin tin cng ca ta rt ln. K hoch hai
nm c th rt ngn. Gii phng min Nam c th sm hn. Trc mt, c
th m cuc tin cng gii phng thnh ph Hu v ton b hai tnh Qung Tr Tha Thin.
Ti em nhng suy ngh ca mnh trao i vi cc anh Hong Vn Thi, L
Trng Tn, Cao Vn Khnh, L Hu c v mt s ng ch khc trong B
Tng Tham mu. Cc anh rt ng tnh.
Ti nh i ngay vo Vnh Linh, s mi anh L T ng, Chnh u kim
T lnh Qun khu Tr - Thin ra bn ch trng v k hoch tc chin. Trc
thng sn sng. Th nhng cn nhc k, thy rng trong lc tnh hnh cc
chin trng pht trin nhanh qu, ti cn c mt ti Tng hnh dinh; hn na,
mc d i bng my bay, nhng tnh ton thi gian khng kp v hp B Chnh
tr, li va c tin ch rt Pleiku - Kon Tum, nn cui cng ti quyt nh khng
i na. Thay vo ti in ngay cho Qun khu Tr - Thin v Qun on II:
144
i tng V Nguyn Gip
" c kh nng chuyn sang k hoch thi c (1), t chc thc hin gii phng
Hu. Tnh hnh pht trin nhanh v thi c ln ang n sm hn ta d kin.
ch ang phi i ph vi nam Ty Nguyn, Khu 5, Nam B v bt u co
cm chin lc. Tr - Thin cn y mnh hot ng v mi mt. C th l y
mnh tin cng ca ch lc t pha ty, thc hnh chia ct chin lc gia Hu
- Nng, mnh dn a lc lng xung ng bng pht ng qun chng,
y mnh chin tranh du kch, p st cc tuyn ngn chn ca ch, kt hp cht
ch chin tranh du kch ng bng vi tin cng ca ch lc t pha ty
xung".
ng thi, ti chun y k hoch ca B Tng Tham mu ra ch th t chc
nhng trn a pho tm xa khng ch ng s 1 t Tr - Thin tr vo, ngn
chn ch chuyn qun. thc hin nhim v ny, mt on cn b pho binh
c c vo Tr - Thin tng cng cho cc n v ti ch, nh ch dc ng
s 1 t Qung Tr n Tha Thin.
***
H tun thng 3-1975, chin dch Ty Nguyn ton thng. Hn 10 vn qun
ch b loi khi vng chin u Hn 60 vn dn thuc cc dn tc Ty Nguyn
c gii phng. H thng b tr chin lc ca M - ngu min Nam ng
trc nguy c b chia ct hn lm i Tuyn phng ng ca ch dc ven bin
min Trung b uy hip trc tip. Thng li ca chin dch Ty Nguyn v bc
pht trin ca n nh du mt bc suy sp mi ca M - ngu, mt bc
ngot trong qu trnh pht trin ca cc din qun s v chnh tr min Nam.
Ngy 18-3-1975, ti "Nh con rng", B Chnh tr v Qun uy Trung ng hp.
ng ch Cc trng Tc chin bo co tng hp tnh hnh chin s t khi chin
dch m mn. Mi ngi vui mng thy cuc tin cng pht trin nhanh hn d
kin.
Trn c s nhng suy ngh v kh nng pht trin ca cch mng min Nam t
sau trn Bun Ma Thut, tng hp nhng kin trao i tp th, ti pht
biu:
- Tnh hnh ang chuyn bin rt nhanh. M u tin cng mi 10 ngy, tiu
dit i b phn Qun on II ngu, gii phng Ty Nguyn. xut hin hnh
ng co cm ln ca ch. Qun ngu suy yu r rt. Lc lng so snh thay
145
i tng V Nguyn Gip
i. Do ngu suy sp nhanh, M cng khng dm liu lnh, t kh nng can

thip tr li.
Ta ang sung sc, lc lng tp trung, kh th mnh m. Qun u Trung ng
ngh B Chnh tr h quyt tm gii phng min Nam trong nm 1975, khng
ch n nm 1976.
thc hin quyt tm y, kin ngh ca Qun u Trung ng l: Hng chin
lc ch yu l Si Gn.
Trc mt, Tr - Thin - Nng l hng chin lc quan trng. Khn trng
tin cng gii phng Hu - Nng, gii phng ng bng Khu 5. To cho
c bt ng v hng tin cng, v thi gian, v lc lng. Cn nhanh chng
a cc s on mt trn Ty Nguyn vo hng Si Gn, tng cng cho B2
thm hai trung on xe tng, hai trung on pho v ba trung on cao x Qun
khu Tr - Thin v Qun on II khn trng thc hin k hoch thi c nh B
ch th. Cho ngay Qun on I ln ng. Hot ng ca cc hng tin cng
ng thi hay trc, sau u phi rt linh hot, nhm bao vy, chia ct, tiu dit
ch. Trc mt, phi p tan m mu co cm ln ca ch, to bin ng trong
cc din chin lc. Phng chm tc chin chin lc l "to bo, bt ng, kip
thi, chc thng", ng bng sng Cu Long nh mnh, tch cc ph "bnh
nh", ginh t, ginh dn. Thnh lp thm cc tiu on ca huyn, tnh, khn
trng hun luyn tc chin v b sung cho cc chin trng.
Hi ngh th lun si ni.
nh gi kh nng can thip tr li ca M, anh L c Th phn tch nhng
kh khn M ang gp phi, s suy sp nhanh chng ca ngu, i n khng
nh M khng cn kh nng tr li can thip. Anh tn thnh ngh ca Qun
u Trung ng: "Nh anh Vn ni, ta c c s dt im trong nm 1975.
Vn l t chc, l hu cn, l cn b".
Anh Trng Chinh, anh Phm Vn ng v cc anh khc trong B Chnh tr ln
lt pht biu kin, phn tch thm v th i xung ca ch, v cch nh
chin lc ca ta. Tt c u thng nht: ta ang ng trc thi c cha tng
c, v ng vi kin ngh ca Qun u Trung ng cn ginh thng li hon
ton trong nm 1975, kin quyt nm bt thi c, thng cng nhanh cng tt.
146
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Hi ngh cng quan tm n tnh hnh Nam B. Theo bo co ca B2, bt u t

ngy N (10-3-1975) tch cc phi hp vi Ty Nguyn, ton chin trng ng
lot tin cng v ni dy. T Khu 6 n C Mau, k c vng ven cc th, b
i ch lc, b i a phng, dn qun du kch phi hp vi phong tro ni
dy ca qun chng nhn dn, ginh thng li gin gi. khu vc Si Gn Gia nh, lc lng ca thnh i v cc i c cng, bit ng bt u hot
ng mnh. ng bng sng Cu Long, qun v dn ta si ni nh ph k
hoch "bnh nh" ca ch, t nhiu kt qu.
Hi ngh lm vic khn trng, ho hng, phn khi, k c trong gi ngh.
ng ch B th th nht khng nh ch b my ci bt ng: bt ng v
khng ph c Hip nh Paris m cn b ta kin quyt nh li; bt ng v k
hoch v quy m tc chin ca ta; bt ng v hng tin cng chin lc; bt
ng trc s suy yu ca chng. V bc pht trin tip theo, ng ch nu
kin phi nh cho ch suy yu ngay trong qu trnh co cm, ngay khi chng
cn b phn tn trn cc hng Khu 5, min ng Nam B v ng bng sng
Cu Long. Phi to c ba qu m: ch lc, nng thn v th. nh Si
Gn l kh, phi to c bt ng, phi s dng nhiu s on ch lc tiu
dit qun ch lc ch. ng ch khng qun nhc n mi tin cng binh vn,
phi to cho c binh bin.
B Chnh tr h quyt tm chuyn cuc tin cng chin lc thnh cuc Tng
tin cng chin lc, hon thnh k hoch hai nm (1975-1976) ngay trong nm
1975. Phng hng tin cng chin lc ch yu c xc nh l Si Gn.
Trc mt, nhanh chng tin cng tiu dit bng c ton b lc lng ch
trong Vng I chin thut, t Qung Tr n Qung Ngi, gii phng Hu -
Nng. Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh chu trch nhim t chc thc
hin quyt tm chin lc y.
Mt ln na, t duy qun s khoa hc ca B thng soi ti cao a n mt
quyt nh chin lc dng cm v chnh xc. Trong tnh hnh qun ta nh
mnh, y ch vo th b ng, tht bi, lin tip phm sai lm v chin lc v
suy sp nhanh chng, th chin tranh nhn dn ca ta mnh ln ton din tng
gi, tng pht, th thi gian n nh trong k hoch hai nm khng cn ph hp
na. Li dng thi c, y mnh tin cng trong khi ngha v trang v chin
147
i tng V Nguyn Gip
tranh cch mng l mt vn tr thhh truyn thng ca ngh thut qun s

Vit Nam.
Hi ngh B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng ngy 18-3 quyt nh rt kp
thi, khn trng chuyn hn sang phng n thi c.
***
Ngay chiu hm y, ti vo Ninh Bnh trc tip giao nhim v cho Qun on I.
Cng i c ng ch L Trng Tn, Ph Tng Tham mu trng v ng ch L
Quang Ho, Ph Ch nhim Tng cc Chnh tr. Hai bn ng s 1, cnh lao
ng san xut rn r, tp np.
Nng dn chm bn rung ng, gp sc cng tin tuyn nh gic, ha hn
mt v Xun - H thng li.
Cng nhn ra sc sa ch cu ng, khi phc cc nh my b tn ph trong
chin tranh ph hoi. Bc tranh lao ng trong kh th tng tin cng phn nh
c im ca chin tranh nhn dn Vit Nam, nh hai cu th tr thnh quen
thuc:
"Rn rng thay cnh qu hng
Na cng trng, na chin trng xn xao"
(Th T Hu)
Cc ng ch Nguyn Ho, T lnh v Hong Minh Thi, Chnh u Qun on I
n on ti S ch huy. Ti ngc nhin khi nghe bo co mt s n v trong
qun on ang bn i p . Vic s dng lc lng d b chin lc ca B
trong lc ny nh vy l khng ng.
Hn na, qua vic ny, c th thy khng phi mi ngi, mi cp u qun
trit tinh thn cc Ngh quyt v quyt tm ca lnh o ti cao.
Ti ra lnh cho qun on kim tra mi mt chun b ln ng chin u,
li S on 308 sn sng ng ph vi tnh hung ch phn ng qun s i vi
min Bc, iu ngay cc n v ang p v. B s tng cng ho lc cho
qun on. Qun on I l qu m ch lc mnh, gm nhng n v c b dy
truyn thng, s gp phn cng cc n v ch lc khc ca B v cc qun
khu, quyt nh chin trng trong giai on cui cng ca chin tranh.
V k hoch hnh qun, phi bo m tuyt i b mt, t chc kim tra n
c, bo m b i i nhanh n , c lnh l tc chin c ngay.
148
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Sau , ti v anh Tn n cc n v trc tip ng vin cn b, chin s trc

gi xut trn. Cnh quan hng v ca vng Tam ip lch s, ni qun on
ng qun gi nh cuc hnh qun thn tc ca ngi anh hng o vi Nguyn
Hu 200 nm trc. Ti truyn t quyt tm ca ng, nu r vinh d v trch
nhim ca mi ngi, mi n v trong thi im lch s ny.
Ton qun on si ni chun b ra qun trong kh th quyt chin quyt thng.
Hu nh khng c biu hin tiu cc. Ch c mt thc mc ph bin trong cn
b, chin s S on 308 l phi li bo v hu phng, khng c st cnh
cng qun v dn min Nam trc tip lp cng trong thi c nghn nm c mt.
Sau khi trao i vi anh Tn, ti in cho Qun khu Tr - Thin v Qun on II
truyn t quyt tm ca B Chnh tr, ra lnh khn trng chuyn sang k
hoch thi c.
Cng trong chuyn i ny, ti in tru tp ng ch m Quang Trung, T
lnh Qun khu IV, ra ti S ch huy Qun on I lm vic. Trong khi nghe
bo co tnh hnh, ti hi k v kim tra mc qun trit quyt tm ca ng
trong b i v nhn dn Qun khu IV, v giao nhim v cho B T lnh
Qun khu IV chuyn cc lc lng v trang v nhn dn t Thanh Ho n
Qung Tr vo t th sn sng chin u cao, ra sc chi vin sc ngi, sc ca
cho min Nam trong cuc Tng tin cng chin lc. Vn l mt trong nhng
trung i trng ri i i trng ca i Vit Nam Tuyn truyn gii phng
qun t nhng ngy u gian kh, ng ch T lnh Qun khu IV phn khi n
nhn nhim v mi, ha quyt tm hon thnh vt mc, xng ng l qun
khu hu phng tip gip trc tip vi min Nam. ng ch m Quang Trung
nay khng cn na, nhng thi si ni, nhit tnh ca ng ch cn ng mi
trong ti.
***
Va v ti Tng hnh dinh, ti gi ngay cho anh Vn Tin Dng mt bc in
m ni dung hnh thnh sn trong u t trn ng i, thng bo nhn nh
ca B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng v thng li to ln c ngha chin
lc ca ta, v co cm chin lc ca ch, m mu ca chng tp trung
lc lng to th b tr phng ng vng Si Gn v ng bng sng Cu
Long, trc mt c th Nng v Cam Ranh, hy vng nn n ch mt gii
149
i tng V Nguyn Gip
php chnh tr hoc gii php chia ct mt phn lnh th min Nam Vit Nam.
V vy, ta cn tranh th thi gian cao , khn trng hnh ng ht sc bt
ng, ht sc to bo, ng thi bo m chc thng. Theo tinh thn , B
Chnh tr cn nhc mi mt v h quyt tm thc hin Phng n 1. y l
phng n d kin t trc, a phn ln lc lng Ty Nguyn pht trin
vo hng ch yu l min ng Nam B, ng thi m rng vng gii phng
ng bng Khu 5 vi lc lng hin c ca Qun khu 5, c th tng cng S
on 968 v binh kh k thut. Bc in cng thng bo: anh Tn s gp anh
Dng, anh Nm Cng v cc anh B2 ra bo co c th quyt tm mi ca
B Chnh tr v gp thm kin xy dng k hoch thc hin!(2)
***
Sng 20-3 c tin do Trung on k thut 75, va thu c: Hi 13 gi 30 pht
ngy 19-3, Thiu gi cho Ng Quang Trng bc in ni dung nh sau: "V eo
hp v phng tin khng - hi qun, ch cho php ym tr c mt enclave
(3). Vy hy mener(4) tr hon chin v tuyn Hi Vn". Th l ch quyt
nh b Tr - Thin - Hu v gi Nng.
Cc Tc chin bo co: ngy 19-3, qun ta tin cng gii phng th x v ton
b tnh Qung Tr. Tuyn phng th pha bc ca ch b ph v mt mng ln.
ch co v gi phng tuyn sng M Chnh. Sau khi trao i vi cc anh
Hong Vn Thi v L Trng Tn, ti h quyt tm m trn tin cng ln, tiu
dit tp on phng ng Tha Thin - Hu. Ti ch th cho B Tng Tham mu
n c Qun khu Tr - Thin gp rt a lc lng xung ng bng, lnh cho
Qun on II nhanh chng ct t ng s 1, khng cho ch rt v co cm
Nng. Qun khu Tr - Thin v Qun on II phi khn trng nh chn,
chia ct, tiu dit cho c ton b S on 1 ngu v cc lc lng khc, thu
ton b trang b ca chng, gii phng hon ton Tr - Thin - Hu, chim lnh
o Hi Vn. Tiu on 5 hi qun ri mn v a lc lng xung bt ca
Thun An.
Phi bao vy nh mnh trn tt c cc hng, khng cho ch rt chy.
Chin trng Tr - Thin - Hu tng i gn, nn vic lin lc vi Tng hnh
dinh c nhiu thun li. Mt ng in thoi hu tuyn ni lin B Quc
phng - Tng T lnh vi Qun on II v Qun khu IV. Ti v cc ng ch
150
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Tng Tham mu ph, Cc trng Tc chin thng trc tip ni chuyn vi cc

anh chin trng mi ngy t nht hai ln. Nhiu trng hp, B ra lnh bng
in thoi.
Ngy 22-3, anh L T ng, Chnh u kim T lnh Qun khu Tr - Thin v
anh Nguyn Hu An, T lnh Qun on II bo co nh thit hi nng S
on 1, bao vy Hu. ng s 1 b ct t gia Hu v Nng. Hng
trm xe c gii ang trn ng rt chy v Nng b n li. Pho tm xa ca
ta bt u bn ph sn bay Ph Bi. Qun ch khng cn con ng no khc
l rt chy ra bin theo hng ca Thun An v ca T Hin.
Qun u Trung ng in ti khn cho anh Nguyn Hu An: "Qun on iu
ngay lc lng ra bt ca Thun. K tn: Vn".
Mnh lnh c thi hnh tc khc. Trung on 1 thuc S on 324 cp tc
hnh qun ra chn ch. S xut hin ca qun ch lc y c tc dng rt ln
v chin thut cng nh v tm l. Hng chc ngn qun ngu cng vi hng
trm xe tng, xe bc thp nhanh chng b tiu dit v tan r. Cnh thm bi trn
ng s 7 Ty Nguyn, mt ln na li din ra trn ng t Hu xung ca
Thun An. Thnh ph Hu tr nn hn lon. xy ra nhiu v cp ph do
tn qun ngu chy lon gy ra. Triu chng tan r ln trong lc lng ch
Tha Thin - Hu xut hin.
Trc tnh hnh y, Qun u in cho anh Vn Tin Dng v hng pht trin
ca chin dch Ty Nguyn:
"ch bc l nh rt lui chin lc ln v gi Si Gn v ng bng sng
Cu Long. ang rt b Hu, kh nng rt Nng. B Chnh tr quyt nh
hnh ng to bo, bt ng, nhanh chng thc hin quyt tm chin lc
hng trng im. Ti bn vi anh L c Th, hi kin anh Ba, rt
nht tr vi k hoch pht trin v s dng lc lng trong in ca anh.
ng vin cn b, chin s c quyt tm tht ln, truy kch tiu dit sinh lc
ch, gii phng cc tnh ven bin, k c Nha Trang v Cam Ranh. Cn tng
cng cn b v trang b, nhanh chng pht trin cc lc lng ti ch, tp
trung lc lng li cng sm cng tt, khn trng trin khai tin cng hng
trng im. K tn: Chin".
151
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ngy 15-3-1975, theo ngh ca Tng cc Chnh tr, B Chnh tr in gi

Trung ng Cc, Khu u Tr Thin v Khu 5: "Kt hp cht ch binh, ch vn
vi tc chin tiu dit v lm tan r ln qun ngu, to ra nhng v u hng tp
th ln, khot su mu thun, phn ho cao hng ng ch, tp trung mi
nhn nh Thiu. Nm v khai thc nhng nhm, c nhn s quan tin b
phc v cho yu cu qun s, chnh tr, binh ch vn".
***
Theo li khai ca t binh v cc t liu c cng b sau ny, tnh hnh ni b
ngu lc ny thc s l mt mn kch mang tnh bi hi.
Trc thm ho Ty Nguyn v nguy c Hu, Nng b uy hip, ngy 18-3,
Nguyn Vn Thiu triu tp cc c vn thn cn ra Nng hp cp tc, ni l
bn gii quyt vn ngi t nn. Thc ra, cuc hp chuyn sang i
ph vi vn khng khip hn: nn b hay nn gi Qun khu I.
Nghe Ng Quang Trng bo co cuc tin cng ca "Vit cng" vo Hu v
Nng sp n ra, c to u sn tc gy! t nng bng di chn. Th l
sau nhng li ha hn chung chung, Thiu cng "kp" vi v chun ngay, ni
l vo Si Gn bn bc cho c an ton.
Cuc hp li tip tc ti dinh c Lp. Trn Thin Khim nu kin: kh c
th gi Hu v Nng cng mt lc. Tt hn ht l b mt trong hai. Trn
Vn Hng cho rng khng th gi c Hu v Nng v qu tn km. Cn
Ng Quang Trng th ngh: v ng s 1 b ct, khng th khai thng
c, cn t chc ba im phng th cm c vi "Vit cng" l Hu,
Nng v Chu Lai.
K hoch ca Trng c Thiu chp nhn, v khng c cch no khc.
Trng bay v S ch huy Qun khu I.
Hm sau, 20-3, Trng ra Hu. i pht thanh Hu a tin: "Tng thng
Nguyn Vn Thiu ra lnh phng th thnh ph Hu bng mi gi". Trng
cng th tht: "Ti s cht vi c xa. Vit cng phi bc qua xc ti mi
vo c Hu". Y khng qun hp cc nhn s trn an d lun. V y in xin
B Tng Tham mu ngu trin khai L on khng qun s 1.
Mi vic hon tt ng theo bi bn.
152
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Th nhng, khi va t chn xung Nng, Trng khng tin mt mnh na

khi c bc in ca Cao Vn Vin chuyn lnh ca tng thng: "Qun on I
trin khai lc lng phng th Nng m thi. L on khng qun s 1
c lnh chuyn vo Si Gn?"
Chong vng v tht vng, Trng gi in cho Vin ngh gii thch, th
c tr li vn tt: "Hi Tng thng Thiu". Hoang mang cc , Trng m
i. Si Gn vn ra r pht i tin tng thng ku gi "gi Hu bng mi gi!".
Lc ny, cc vin chc ngu quyn khng ai cn bng d no chy n i Si
Gn thay i ni dung!
***
Nhng ngy ny, ti lun ti Tng hnh dinh, khng v nh ring, d hai ni
ch cch nhau vi trm mt. Trong phng lm vic, cc ng ch cng v k
thm mt chic ging con. Ngoi cc tm bn treo trn tng, ti t thm
mt tm bn qun s min Nam ngay di tm knh. rng trn mt bn
tin theo di, suy ngh.
Cc bui sng, nht l lc tnh hnh chin s khn trng, cc ng ch trong B
Chnh tr thng vo Tng hnh dinh nghe tnh hnh v trao i kin. Lc ny,
tin tc bo v dn dp. Ch sau vi ting ng h, tnh hnh thay i. Cc
Tc chin phi tng thm mt bn thng bo hng ngy na B Chnh tr
nm tnh hnh chin s c kp thi v suy ngh v nhng bc tip theo. Bo
co t Qun khu Tr - Thin v Qun on II y cc mi tn trn bn p
st Hu. Pho tm xa ca qun ta rt n vo sn bay Ph Bi v ca Thun
An. Qun khu 5, S on 2 cng lc lng v trang a phng tiu dit cc
qun l Tin Phc, Tr My, m rng cn c min ty Qung . Theo k
hoch, s on s tin v gii phng ton tnh Qung Ngi, hoc nu c thi c
s nh xung Tam K, phi hp vi ch lc ca B tin cng thng vo
Nng t pha nam ln.
Ngy 24-3-1975, B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng hp. im li tnh hnh
t cuc hp ngy 18-3, hi ngh mng thy tnh hnh cc mt trn ang pht
trin tt. Thay mt B Tng Tham mu, anh L Trng Tn bo co: chin
trng Tr - Thin ta s dt im nhanh. Qun ch ang rt chy v co cm
Nng.
153
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Trong thng 4, ta cn nhanh chng tin cng Nng, dit t hai n ba s

on ch, khng cho chng thc hin rt v tng cng cho Si Gn.
Anh Tn bo co xong, ti pht biu v tnh hnh Nng v nu ra cc bc
tip theo.
Ti ni:
- Theo tin nhn c, ch ku gi "t th" Nng, chng c nh thc hin
co cm ln, tng cng cn c qun s lin hp ny hng ngn chn, lm chm
bc tin ca qun ta, tranh th thi gian cng c cc tuyn pha nam ca
chng, trng ch s can thip ca M. Th nhng ngay t by gi, ta cn d
kin trc nhng chuyn bin mi, ch c th rt chy khi Nng. Nu
chng thot c vo pha nam th cuc Tng tin cng ca ta chin trng
trng im s gp kh khn. Vy ta cn nhanh chng nh chim Nng, tiu
dit sinh lc ca ch y, to thun li pht trin tin cng trong cc bc
sau. Chng c th "t th", cng c th rt, rt nhanh hay rt chm, nhng ta th
phi chun b nh trong tnh hung ch rt nhanh, nht thit phi nh nhanh.
Khng ch gii phng xong Hu, m ngay t by gi, phi bt u m cuc tin
cng vo Nng. Nhanh chng nh chim cc im cao, cho xe tng thc
su ngay, tn dng ti a kh nng ca pho binh tin cng Nng.
Hng Si Gn, trc y ta d tnh dng by s on, vy m nay c chn
s on. Sau Nng, c th ln ti 15 s on. Nu ta chim c Nng
trong thng 4, tinh thn qun ngu s suy sp ln. Nh vy, ta phi t yu cu
cao hn, gii phng Si Gn trong thng 5, trc ma ma. chun b cho
trn quyt chin cui cng, i i vi vic tp trung cao lc lng t pha
bc nh xung, B2 phi ct ng s 4, c lp Si Gn v gy sc p mnh t
pha ty nam. hng ty bc, cn tp trung lc lng mnh hn, ht sc tranh
th thi gian, hnh ng khn trng hn, tc pht trin nhanh hn.
Sau gi ngh, mi ngi u thy phi nh nhanh, thng nhanh. Mi c mt
tun l m th v lc ca ta v ca ch khc hn. Phi ngh n tin cng Si
Gn t by gi, kt hp cht ch tin cng v ni dy, thc hin mt bc nhy
vt v chin lc.
Khng kh phn khi bao trm phng hp. B Chnh tr khng nh thi c
chin lc ln ti. Cha bao gi thun li bng lc ny, k t 20 nm qua.
154
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Cch mng min Nam c nhng bc nhy vt, nhng y l bc nhy vt

ln c ngha quyt nh. Hi ngh d kin c th ginh ton thng sm hn
nhiu so vi k hoch trc. Ko di s khng c li, ma ma ti gn.
B Chnh tr khng nh: "Cuc Tng tin cng chin lc ca ta bt u vi
chin dch Ty Nguyn. Thi c chin lc mi n". Mt quyt tm c
quyt ngh: Nm vng thi c chin lc, tranh th thi gian cao , tp trung
n lc ca c nc, tp trung nhanh nht lc lng, binh kh, k thut v vt
cht vo phng hng ch yu, hnh ng nhanh chng, to bo, bt ng nh
cho ch khng kp tr tay, gii phng Si Gn trc ma ma. Trc mt kin
quyt tiu dit ton b qun ch Hu, Nng v tip theo l trn quyt
chin chin lc gii phng Si Gn - Gia nh.
Quyt tm h. Phng hng r.
Trong khng kh phn khi, quyt tm, thay mt Qun u Trung ng, ti ng
ln bo m b i ta nht nh tiu dit cn c qun s lin hp Nng, v
ngh m mt trn Qung , c B T lnh mt trn do ng ch L Trng
Tn lm T lnh, ng ch Chu Huy Mn lm Chnh u. ngh trn c Hi
ngh nht tr tn thnh. B Chnh tr cng quyt nh thnh lp Qun on III
gm cc n v va tc chin Ty Nguyn; T lnh l ng ch V Lng,
Chnh u l ng ch ng V Hip.
Hi ngh kt thc. Va lc , c tin qun ta tin vo thnh ph Hu hi 10
gi 30 pht ngy 25-3-1975.
Chp hnh mnh lnh ca B Tng t lnh, cc lc lng v trang Qun khu
Tr - Thin v b i Qun on II t ba hng ng lot tin cng, vt qua
cc tuyn phng th ca ch, hnh thnh nhiu mi bao vy Hu. hng
nam, Qun on II kp thi chuyn hng tin cng, nhanh chng thc su ct
ng s 1, nh chim qun l Ph Lc, trit ng rt lui ca ch v
Nng. S on 1, s on mnh nht ca qun ngu, b nh thit hi nng. T
hng bc, qun ta tin v ca Thun An. Mt lc lng a phng tin ra
chn ca T Hin. Nhng cnh qun khc ca ta, t hng ty qua ng s 1,
vt sng T Trch, nhanh chng bao vy ch. m 24-3, pho binh ta bn
mnh vo S ch huy tin phng Qun on I ngu Mang C, bn chn mnh
lit ca Thun An v ca T Hin.
155
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Sng 25-3, qun ta tin cng khu cng Tn M - Thun An, tiu dit v nh tan
r ton b cc lc lng ch rt chy ang dn tc y. Cc mi tin cng
khc ca qun ch lc, qun a phng tin vo thnh ph. Phi hp vi qun
chng ni dy, ngy 26-3, qun ta gii phng hon ton c Hu. L c cch
mng na na xanh vi ngi sao vng nm cnh tung bay trn nh ct c
trc Ng Mn.
Thng li nhanh, gn ca trn Tr - Thin - Hu, trn then cht tiu dit v lm
tan r S on 1 tng c coi l s on thin chin ca qun ngu, gii phng
c , l mt chin thng vang di, ging mt n nng vo m mu co cm
chin lc ca ch vng ven bin min Trung, uy hip nghim trng
Nng, y qun ngu vo th nguy khn, suy sp khng g cu vn ni.
Qun u Trung ng gi in khen b i Qun khu Tr - Thin v Qun on
II:
"Vic nh chim v gii phng thnh ph Hu v tnh Tha Thin l thng li
c ngha chin lc v chnh tr rt ln. Chin cng lm cho nhn dn c
nc nc lng phn khi, lm cho ch suy yu thm mt bc mi ht sc
nghim trng. Cc ng ch gp phn lm rng r truyn thng u tranh anh
dng ca qun v dn c nc ta".
***
Thc hin quyt tm ca B Chnh tr, ngy 26-3, B Tng t lnh c anh Gip
Vn Cng lm phi vin ca B vo hng Nng trc chun b. Ti
triu tp cc ng ch L Trng Tn, T lnh mt trn Qung va c ch
nh, Nguyn B Pht, T lnh Hi qun, Cao Vn Khnh, Ph Tng tham mu
trng, Phan Bnh, Cc trng Qun bo, L Hu c, Cc trng Tc chin
v mt s ng ch khc bn k hoch tin cng Nng.
Vn l mt cn b ch huy giu kinh nghim, anh Tn chun b sn mt
phng n tc chin.
Vo cuc hp, ti hi:
- nh Nng, c th din ra mt trong hai tnh hung: mt l ch rt chy,
hai l chng co cm, "t th". Vy ta nn nh nh th no?
Anh Tn tr li:
156
i tng V Nguyn Gip
- Hin nay, ch b tr phng ng chun b "t th" y. Ta phi t chc hip

ng binh chng tin cng, bo m chc thng. Cn c nm ngy hp
ng u, tp kt b i v t chc hip ng binh chng, chun b chin u.
Anh Tn tri ln bn mt tm bn ln, trn ln k hoch tin cng theo
phng n chun b nm ngy, vi nhng mi tn rt to mu th hin cc
hng tin cng, nhng trn a ho lc c khoanh tng cm hng vo cc
mc tiu qun s trong thnh ph v vng ln cn.
Trong khi mi ngi ng quanh bn si ni mn m, trao i, ti li suy
ngh khc hn. ch ku gi "t th", nhng tnh hnh c th din bin t ngt,
kh nng ch rt vn tn ti. Vy phi c phng n nh tht nhanh, thc hin
ng phng chm "khn trng, to bo, bt ng".
Ti quay sang anh Tng Trn Thut, Cc ph Cc Qun bo.
Nu ch rt Nng th nhanh nht c th rt trong my ngy? Cc ng ch
nghin cu k m nay, sng mai bo co sm.
6 gi sng ngy 27-3, mi ngi c mt ti S ch huy.
Anh Thut bo co:
- ch c th rt nhanh nht l trong ba ngy.
Cn anh Nguyn Thanh, Trng phng nghin cu ch tnh, li ni:
- bn, nm ngy ?
Khng th ng vi ngh ca anh Tn chun b chin u nm ngy cng
nh cch tnh ton ca anh Thanh, ti phn tch ngn, gn, nu r trong tnh
hung ch "t th", ta c th chun b nm ngy, by ngy hoc hn na.
Nhng phi d kin tnh hnh t bin, cn c k hoch nh tht nhanh. Ti ch
th lm k hoch nh ch theo tnh hung chng rt trong ba ngay.
Anh Tn vn gi kin, v trnh by:
- nh nh vy khng th chun b kp.
Ti ni, ging c phn gay gt:
- T lnh mt trn l anh nn ti anh ra lnh. Nu l ngi khc, th ti ra
lnh: nh Nng theo phng n chun b ba ngy. Nu chun b nm ngy,
ch rt mt c th sao? Hu gii phng ri. Mc du pho binh v hi qun
ch c th bn ph, c cho b i hnh qun theo ng s 1 tin cng thng
157
i tng V Nguyn Gip
vo Nng. T pha nam cng theo ng s 1 tin cng ln. Khng hp

ng u, ch trao i bng in.
y l ln u tin v cng l ln duy nht ti t ra khng bng lng vi anh L
Trng Tn, mt trong nhng t lnh xut sc nht ca qun i ta m ti lun
qu mn.
Anh Tn khng pht biu thm, nghim chnh chp hnh mnh lnh. Sau ny,
anh n gp ti, thn tnh, ci m nhc li cuc tranh ci v phng n nm
ngy v phng n ba ngy, ri vui v nhn khuyt im. ng l mt con
ngi trung thc, thng thn, cng trc, ng qu bit bao!
Tip , Thng trc Qun u Trung ng gp v giao nhim v cho T lnh
mt trn Qung . Nhn danh B th Qun u, ti ch th: chin tranh
chuyn sang giai on pht trin nhy vt. B tr ca ch Nng tuy cha
o ln, mc d chng ku gi "t th", nhng tinh thn qun lnh ang suy sp,
cn nm vng phng chm: "to bo, bt ng, kip thi, chc thng", khn
trng tin cng, bao vy tiu dit ch, khng ch sn bay, hi cng, ch lm
tt vic tip qun thnh ph mt triu dn ny, thc hin tt chnh sch t, hng
binh v chnh sch chin li phm. Nhanh chng t chc tng cng lc lng
pht trin vo pha nam.
Ti nhc anh Tn bo co u n v B, v chc anh ginh thng li ln.
Ngay lp tc, anh Tn cp tc ln ng. i bng my bay ln thng vo Gio
Linh, t i t theo ng Trng Sn n S Ch huy Qun on II, anh
v cc ng ch cng i vo t s ch huy pha ty Nng.
Anh Chu Huy Mn lc ny ang Qung Ngi. Ti in cho anh Mn (ng
in anh V Ch Cng) thng bo quyt nh ca B Chnh tr thnh lp mt
trn Qung , c B T lnh mt trn. Anh Mn, Chnh u ca mt trn, giao
li nhim v nh cc mc tiu Qun khu 5 cho b i a phng gii quyt,
nhanh chng tp trung b i ch lc theo ng s 1 nh thng vo Nng
nhanh nht, kp thi nht, to bo nht nht, ti c in t sau ngy ch rt
Pleiku.
T lnh v chnh u Mt trn Qung lm vic vi nhau bng in i. B
Tng Tham mu c lnh trin khai phng tin thng tin lin lc bm st
158
i tng V Nguyn Gip
tng bc cc lc lng c iu ng v mt trn gip B T lnh Mt

trn Qung lnh o, ch huy cc hng.
Trong bc in s 1 BTK nh i hi 8 gi 30 pht ngy 26-3 gi anh Chu
Huy Mn, anh L Trng Tn vit:
"nh Nng nn:
- Hng An (5) s tin cng pha bc v ty bc theo ng s 1 qua ng 14.
- 711(6) t ty nam ln, trc mt dit L 369.
ngh anh chun b cho S 2 v L 52 nh theo ng s 1 v M Kh
(ng Nng) bt ng rt lui bng ng thu ca ch".
in tr li ca anh Mn vit:
"1. Nht tr vi nh ca "cu V". (7)
2. Chng ti chun b cho S 2 v L 52 tin cng t hng nam ra, nh
ch yu theo hng ni Qu ra Vnh in, cnh th yu theo ng o Le qua
ni Mc ra ng 100 phi hp vi lc lng "cu V" t ngoi nh vo
tiu dit ch Nng.
3. ang tch cc chun b, chm nht l 29-3 c mt trn a pho c th bn
vo ni Qu".
Ngy hm sau, 27-3, anh Tn in cho anh Mn:
"Phc in s 320 hi 16 gi ca anh.
1. Hon ton ng v hng tin cng, mc tiu tin cng ca S 2 v L 52.
2. Lc lng ca An v mt s s ca Ho (8) tin cng theo hai trc:
- Mi th nht theo ng 14, Mi Tru, L M vo sn bay chnh.
- Mi th hai t Lng C n Hi Vn, Lin Chiu, Nam . ng thi c nh
t Lc M ln nh o Hi Vn dit L 258.
3. Lc lng ca 711 tin cng Trung on 57 i Lc v vng ng sau L
369.
4. Pho binh trin khai c mt trn a Mi Tru bn vo sn bay chnh,
cng Sn Tr v tu bin. ngh cho trin khai nhanh mt trn a pho nng
di bn vo sn bay Nc Mn, nu c pho 85 cng tt nh tu bin bc
qun M Kh".
159
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Trong thi gian ny, Thng v Khu u v B T lnh Qun khu 5 hp m

rng di s ch to ca anh V Ch Cng, quyt nh phn u trong thi gian
ngn gii phng hon ton a bn qun khu.
Nhim v trng tm trc mt l tp trung ton b lc lng y mnh tc
tin cng tiu dit S on 2 ngu, gii phng th x Tam K v tnh Qung
Ngi, to th chia ct v c lp hon ton qun ch, to bn p vng chc cho
trn tin cng quyt nh tiu dit tp on phng ng cui cng ca Qun on
I ngu Nng.
***
Sau hi ngh ngy 25-3-1975, anh L c Th ngh v c B Chnh tr
ng vo chin trng B2 cng cc anh Phm Hng, Vn Tin Dng trc tip
ch o chin dch gii phng Si Gn.
Anh Th ln ng vo ngy 28-3. Bng mi phng tin my bay, t, k c
xe m, anh khn trng vo chin trng cng nhanh cng tt. Trc lc anh
ln ng, ti tranh th trao i v phng n thc hin quyt tm ca B
Chnh tr gii phng hon ton min Nam trc khi ma ma ti.
B Chnh tr cng quyt nh thnh lp Hi ng chi vin min Nam do anh
Phm Vn ng lm Ch tch.
Hn hai mi nm trc y, anh ng cng ch tr mt hi ng nh vy,
huy ng lc lng c nc chi vin chin dch in Bin Ph ginh thng li
lch s.
S kin y nay c lp li mt trnh cao hn: ng vin v t chc sc
mnh to ln ca ton dn, dc sc ca, sc ngi ca hu phng ln min Bc
khn trng chi vin tin tuyn ln min Nam trong giai on cui cng ca
chin tranh, ginh thng li trn vn.
18 gi ngy 25-3-1975, Qun u Trung ng gi in cho anh Trn Vn Tr v
Qun u min Nam, ng gi anh Phm Hng, B th Trung ng Cc:
"Trn thc t, cuc Tng tin cng chin lc ca ta bt u vi chin thng
Ty Nguyn v cc chin trng khc. Cuc chin u vo giai on pht
trin nhy vt nh thng bo. Chin thng trn chin trng Hu - Nng
v Nam B lm cho ch suy sp nhanh, to bc pht trin mi v qun s,
chnh tr, c bit trn chin trng trng im s sm hn nhiu so vi d kin
160
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ca ta. Thi c ln v chin lc n. Cn tranh th thi gian cao , tp

trung lc lng vo hng trng im, hnh ng to bo, bt ng, hon thnh
cng sm cng tt quyt tm chin lc ln m B Chnh tr ra.
c ch th cho anh Tun. Tnh hnh rt mi, trong cn b ta, nhiu khi nhn
thc cha chuyn bin kp yu cu. Cn lm cho cc cp thng sut hn, tp
trung lc lng vo cc mc tiu ch yu. Thc hin chin lc ba qu m. K
tn: Vn".
19 gi, Qun u in gi anh Vn Tin Dng: "B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung
ng va hp nh gi tnh hnh, nhn nh: chin dch B3 thng, cuc
Tng tin cng chin lc bt u. y l bc ngot trong cc din qun s
v chnh tr min Nam. Chin tranh cch mng bc vo giai on pht
trin nhy vt. Tnh hnh trng im s c bc pht trin mi nhanh hn d
kin nhiu, nht l trong trng hp ta tiu dit sinh lc ln ca ch Hu v
Nng, ng bng sng Cu Long. Thi c chin lc ln n.
Cn nhanh chng tp trung lc lng vo phng hng ch yu, hnh ng
to bo, bt ng, hon thnh nhim v trng im cng sm cng tt, c th
sm hn rt nhiu so vi k hoch. Thi tit ang tt, ko di khng c li. B
Chnh tr quyt nh:
a) Nhanh chng tp trung ba s on ch lc, cc n v binh kh, k thut ch
yu v a bn Bun Ma Thut, sn sng c ng vo hng trng im, b) Gii
phng Bnh nh (hng ng 19) pht trin xung Ph Yn, Khnh Ho,
Nha Tlang, Cam Ranh. Hng ng s 7 ch dng lc lng a phng pht
trin xung Tuy Ho. Hng ng 21, pht trin ra pha ng, tu theo kh
nng, nu c thun li mi th xung Nha Trang, Cam Ranh.
B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng quyt nh m mt trn Nng, thnh
lp B T lnh Qung .
thnh lp Hi ng chi vin min Nam do anh T(10) lm ch tch. Chc
anh inh (2) chng hi phc. K tn: Vn".
***
Tr li vi chin trng Nng.
Trong bui giao ban ti hm y, ti thy cn tn dng mi lc lng tin cng
ch. S on 304 sau khi nh xong Thng c, lc lng b tiu hao, ang
161
i tng V Nguyn Gip
cng c y. Ti in trc tip cho s on: "S on 304 phi bng mi cch
tin vo gii phng Nng. Lc ny mi s chm tr u c ti".
Bc in va chuyn xong, ti gi dy ni ch th cho anh Cao Vn Khnh in
ngay cho Qun on II sau khi tiu dit cc b phn ch cn chng c, nhanh
chng tp trung lc lng vo tin cng Nng. Ti cng yu cu theo di,
kim tra cuc hnh qun ca Qun on I (tr S on 308). Vic s dng S
on 308 li min Bc lm nhim v d b chin lc c gy thc mc trong
cc chin s Qun tin phong. Ngy 26-3, ng ch Hong Kim, Chnh u s
on ln B t nguyn vng ca s on xin c i chin u. Hiu r tm
trng ca anh em 308, ti thn mt cn dn:
- S on ang lm mt nhim v ht sc quan trng. Hy gii thch cho anh
em hiu th no l mt s on cn v ca cch mng trong lc ny. Hy chun
b tht tt sn sng hon thnh bt c nhim v g khi T quc cn n. S
on 308 ang ph trch mt hng trng yu ca trn quyt chin chin lc
.
Tip theo Bun Ma Thut, Ty Nguyn, trn Hu - Nng l n tin cng
chin lc ln th hai ca ta nh vo qun ngu. Hu gii phng xong. Cn
li mc tiu ch yu: Nng.
Nng l thnh ph ln th hai min Nam Vit Nam. y l mt cn c
qun s lin hp rt mnh, ni t S ch huy ca Vng I chin thut, ca Qun
on I ngu. Sn bay Nng l mt cn c khng qun ln. Nng cn l
mt hi cng c ngha qun s v kinh t quan trng. Thng 3-1965, nhng
n v u tin ca M b vo Nng, m u thi k M thc hin
chin lc "chin tranh cc b" xm lc min Nam.
Ti y, ch hin c khong 10 vn tn, trong c 15 tiu on ch lc thuc
S on 3 b binh, S on Thu qun lc chin v tn qun ca cc s on 1,
2 ca Lin on bit ng qun, cng vi hng chc tiu on bo an, hng
trm trung i dn v, phng v dn s v 5.000 cnh st; S on 1 khng
qun vi 373 my bay cc loi, 7 tiu on pho binh, Thit on 11 k binh,
mt lc lng hi qun ngu ng qun cng Nng v vng bin ph cn.
Sau khi mt Hu, Nguyn Vn Thiu lnh cho Ng Quang Trng c th
Nng bng mi gi, hng chn bc tin ca qun ta, hy vng bin ni y
162
i tng V Nguyn Gip
thnh bi b khi qun M quay li ng cu. Tt nhin, i vi Trng, mnh

lnh "t th" ca Thiu ln ny khng cn thing nh trc na!
T u thng 3-1975, trn chin trng Khu 5, qun ta bt u hot ng c tc
dng kim ch, nghi binh: tin cng kho n Sng My, nh bi xe Xun
Thiu, ph cu Trng gn Nng. Sang trung tun thng 3, chp hnh lnh
ca B, Thng v Khu u v ng u Qun khu 5 ch trng tp trung lc
lng tiu dit S on 2 ngu, gii phng ton tnh Qung Ngi, gii phng i
b phn nng thn tnh Qung . Cc lc lng v trang v nhn dn Qun
khu 5 di s lnh o, ch huy ca cc anh V Ch Cng, Chu Huy Mn y
mnh tin cng v ni dy pha bc qun khu, nhanh chng tin xung ng
s 1, khn trng chun b pht trin theo hng t Qung Ngi n Nng.
Trc sc uy hip ca qun ta, ch rt khi Sn H, Tr Bng. Vng gip ranh
ca tnh Qung Ngi hon ton gii phng. Nhn dn ni dy ginh quyn lm
ch, phi hp vi b i gii phng th x Qung Ngi, th x Tam K, cn c
Tun Dng, nh chim cn c Chu Lai, tiu dit S on 2 ngu, m rng
vng gii phng tnh Qung , to iu kin thun li uy hip Nng t
pha nam.
Ngy 27-3, pha bc Nng, chp hnh mnh lnh ca B Tng t lnh,
Qun on II v mt s ca Qun on I pht trin tin cng trn hai hng: t
o Mi Tru theo ng 14 tin xung pha ty bc; t Ph Lc, theo ng s
1 nh chim Tha Lu, Cu Hai, Lng C, o Hi Vn, p st thnh ph t
pha bc. Ring S on 304 c lnh trc tip ca B Tng t lnh v ca
qun on khn trng chuyn sang tin cng Nng t hng ty nam.
Cng thi gian ny, theo lnh ca B, S on 2, cc lc lng pho binh, cao
x, tng, thit gip ca Qun khu 5 di s ch huy trc tip ca anh Chu Huy
Mn, b qua cc mc tiu dc ng, tin thng v Nng.
Pho binh ca qun ta bt u n n, khng ch hai cng v sn bay.
Trc tnh hnh nguy khn, Ng Quang Trng hu b k hoch rt S on
Thu qun lc chin v Si Gn, thu thp binh lnh c th Nng. Nhng qu
mun! Nng ri vo tnh trng hn lon. Tuy qun s ch cn ng,
nhng binh lnh mt tinh thn. Tn binh o ng tng mng. Bn ch huy ht
163
i tng V Nguyn Gip
hong, ch lo a v con tm ng trn chy. Hng vn dn t Hu o vo

cng lm cho thnh ph hn lon thm.
Sau khi nghe Cc Qun bo bo co tnh hnh mi nht, ti in tip cho Qun
on II: "ch Nng ang ri lon. Canh st thi lm vic. Chng ra
lnh rt trung on ni Qu v ph cng s. Cn nhanh chng tin nh
Nng. Nu c hin tng ch rt th phi lp tc nh trn ti. Nu chng co
cm v c th th bao vy tht cht, nh ghm chn khng cho rt. ng thi
tp trung lc lng theo hng ng 14 v ng 1, tiu dit ch, chim khu
vc ty v ty bc thnh ph, thc su vo cu Trnh Minh Th, chn ng rt
ca ch qua bn o Sn Tr. K tn: Vn".
Cng trong ngy 27-3, ng ch B th th nht in cho cc anh V Ch Cng
v Chu Huy Mn: "Chin thng oanh lit Bun Ma Thut v Ty Nguyn
to ra thi c gii phng Nng. Ta phi tp trung lc lng t hai pha, t
Tha Thin - Hu nh vo v t Nam - Ngi nh ra, nhanh chng tiu dit
ton b sinh lc ch Nng, khng cho chng rt chy co cm v gi
Si Gn.
Trong lc ny, thi gian l lc lng. Phi hnh ng ht sc to bo, bt ng,
lm cho ch khng kp tr tay.
Cc anh cn s dng ngay lc lng ca qun khu v ca tnh nh thng vo
Nng. Phi c bin php c bit hnh qun nhanh nht, kp thi khng
ch, chim lnh cc sn bay, bn cng, bao vy, chia ct tiu dit ch.
Phi nhanh chng pht ng qun chng v trang ni dy, p tan cc lc lng
km kp c s, chim lnh cc cng s, kho tng, nh my, thnh lp chnh
quyn cch mng v sp vo vn ng binh s ch b sng u hng, lm tan r
cc n v qun ngu.
Cc binh on ch lc pha Bc c k hoch hnh qun nhanh nht kp
thi hip ng vi cnh qun pha nam. Cc anh hnh ng ngay, khng chm
tr.
K tn: Ba" (11)
Cc ch th, mnh lnh trn y u c chp hnh trit v nhanh chng.
164
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ti Tng hnh dinh, cc cn b tc chin, qun bo, thng tin, c yu. lm vic
sut ngy m. Tin chin thng dn dp bo v c v mi ngi lm vic hng
say, qun n, qun ng.
Sng ngy 28-3, ti triu tp ng ch Don Tu, T lnh pho binh, lc ny l
phi vin ca B Tng Tham mu, kim tra tnh hnh trin khai s dng ho
lc.
Ti hi:
- Pho ca ta n u ri?
ng ch Tu bo co:
- Mi c mt tiu on ca Qun khu 5 bn vo sn bay Nng. Pho ca
Qun on II mi c hai i i vo n o Mi Tru.
Vic trin khai pho binh chin dch nh vy l chm.
Ti ch th b tr ngay pho o Mi Tru ch p sn bay Nng, a
tip pho ca Qun on II ln o Hi Vn bn sang Sn Tr. iu ngay
ton b lc lng pho binh mt trn ln tham gia tin cng.
Kt qu l n 17 gi ngy hm y, tt c cc n v pho ca Qun on II v
Qun khu 5, sau khi t chc xong trn a, bt u n n vo Nng. Trn
pho kch ln din ra vo sng hm sau, 29-3: 30 khu pho c ln ca ta dn
dp bn vo S ch huy Qun on I ngu, sn bay Nng, cng M Kh, bn
o Sn Tr, sn bay Nc Mn, t 5 gi n 10 gi sng. Sau , pho chuyn
ln bn ra mp nc, ngn chn khng cho tu ch vo bc bn tn qun.
B T lnh Mt trn Qung bo co: ngy 29-3-1975 qun ta tin cng vo
Nng t nhiu hng: Qun on II trn cc hng bc, ty bc v ty nam.
S on 2 Qun khu 5 trn cc hng nam v ng nam. c cc lc lng
bit ng, t v, du kch b mt v qun chng h tr, c hai cnh qun cng
tin cng vo thnh ph. Mt s cn b, ng vin, chin s ta b ch bt giam
Non Nc ph nh lao thot ra ngoi, tham gia nh ch. Di s lnh o ca
Tnh u Qung v Thnh u Nng, qun chng ni dy. ng bo t
ng a xe , xe lam, xe my ch b i ta tin nhanh vo thnh ph, mang
cm nc qu bnh tip t cho b i. B i ch lc khng quen thuc a
hnh th c cc chin s t v dn ng. Ni no m ch lc cha ti kp, th
cc lc lng bit ng, t v v du kch kt hp vi c s b mt kp thi
165
i tng V Nguyn Gip
nh chim. Cng nhn bo v sn bay, bn cng, nh my, nhn dn phi hp

cng b i ku gi binh s ch ra hng.
C tin Tng thng M tuyn b a hi qun n cu vin Nng. Qua phn
tch tnh hnh, ti in cho anh Tn, anh Mn, anh Phm Hng v Qun on II:
"Pho tuyn b dng tu LST vo Nng l trn an d lun, cng c th
cu bn ngu bn o Sn Tr. Kh nng hnh ng ca khng qun ngu t.
Kh nng khng qun M can thip cng t hn. Nhng ta vn phi phng".
Thc t din ra ng nh vy. Tu M n cu bn ngu chy trn, nhng
u cch xa b, gy cnh chen chc hn lon, nhiu ngi ri xung bin. My
bay trc thng M n n c vn M v nhng tn u s, b hng ngn binh
lnh v dn di tn a ln, phi ct cnh bay i, nhiu ngi bm bn ngoi
my bay ri t trn khng xung.
Ch trong vng 32 gi qun ta ln lt nh chim cc mc tiu qun s, chnh
tr, kinh t trong cn c lin hp, gii phng hon ton thnh ph Nng v
th x Hi An, tiu dit v lm tan r hn 10 vn tn trong b my qun s v
hnh chnh ca ngu y.
Tra ngy 29-3, anh Nguyn Thanh vo bo co tnh hnh ch. Nh li bui
giao nhim v cho anh L Trng Tn, ti ni vui:
- ng l ti cho cu 5 im(12) nhng ch cho 3 im thi, v nh Nng
ch mt c ba ngy.
n tin cng chin lc th hai c hon thnh xut sc.
Li mt bc nhay vt mi ca cuc Tng tin cng v ni dy trong ma Xun
lch s.
***
Cuc tin cng gii phng Hu - Nng do Qun u Trung ng v B Tng
t lnh trc tip lnh o, ch huy c hnh thnh trong qu trnh thc hin
cuc Tng tin cng chin lc, nhanh chng pht trin thnh mt chin dch
quy m ln c ngha chin lc rt quan trng. Tip theo chin thng Ty
Nguyn, chin thng vang di Hu - Nng p tan nh co cm chin
lc ca ch, tiu dit nhiu sinh lc ch yu ca chng, lm thay i cn ban
so snh lc lng hon ton c li cho ta, y qun ngu sp nhanh chng,
m ra trin vng rt thun li cho trn quyt chin chin lc cui cng.
166
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Qua chin u, b i ta trng thnh vt bc. Rt nhiu tm gng tch cc

chp hnh mnh lnh, chin u anh dng, mu tr, to bo xut hin trong cn
b, chin s nht l cnh qun pha bc ca cc ng ch Nguyn Hu An, L
Linh, Hong an v cnh qun pha nam ca ng ch Nguyn Chn.
Ngy 1-4, Qun u gi in khen b i Mt trn Qung : "Qun u Trung
ng nhit ht khen ngi ton th cn b, chin s, ng vin, on vin cc lc
lng b i ch lc v b i a phng, b i c bit tinh nhu, t v Mt
trn Qung trit chp hnh mnh lnh, hnh ng to bo v kp thi,
phi hp vi nhn dn, trong mt thi gian rt ngn, tiu dit v lm tan r ton
b qun ch, gii phng ton tnh Qung , c bit thnh ph Nng l
mt cn c qun s quan trng bc nht ca ch min Nam Vit Nam.
Qun u Trung ng tuyn dng cng trng cc ng ch trong ton qun v
chin cng chi li lp c K tn: Vn".
Chin thng Hu - Nng c v mnh m hu phng ln v tin tuyn ln.
B Chnh tr Trung ng ng, Quc hi v Chnh ph nhit lit khen ngi v
tng thng b i v nhn dn va lp chin cng ln nhiu hun chng cao
qu.
Kh th tin cng tro dng t Bc ch Nam.
Bao gi cng vy, nh thnh thi quen, mi ln thng ln, ti li nh ti li
dy ca Bc H: "Thng li tuy ln, nhng mi ch l buc u. Cc ch khng
c ch quan, khinh ch".
Cuc chin u gii phng hon ton min Nam ang cn pha trc. Cng
n gn so huyt, qun ch tt s cng phn ng quyt lit hn. Ngay ngy
hm sau, 30-3, mt on cn b tham mu, chnh tr, hu cn, k thut, c c
ngay vo Nng nghin cu rt kinh nghim ti ch v cch nh ca b i
ch lc kt hp vi qun chng ni dy mt thnh ph ln, chun b cho trn
nh quyt nh sp din ra.
***
Kh th tin cng, ni dy ca qun v dn ta trong giai on cui cng ca
chin tranh cng si ng bao nhiu, th cc t liu c cng b sau ny cho
thy cnh tng ca pha i phng lc ny cng m m by nhiu.
167
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Vo ng thi im nguy kch nht, Nguyn Vn Thiu nhn c bc th

ngy 22-3-1975 ca ngi ng u Nh Trng Hoa Thnh n:
"Ngi Tng thng Thiu thn mn, Cuc tin cng ca qun Bc Vit hin nay
i vi t nc ngi l mt iu v cng phin phc v l ni au kh ca mi
ngi.
i vi Hoa K, vn cng khng km phn nguy ngp. Ngi M cng b
th thch khi h quyt tm gip mt ngi bn ang b cc lc lng v
trang hin i tn cng. Ring ti, ti quyt nh rng ngi M s bao v Vit
Nam trong gi pht quyt nh ny vi nh thc hin ng trch nhim ca
Hoa K trong hon canh ny. Ti vn theo di nhng din bin mt cch st sao
v bn bc khn cp vi cc c vn ca ti v nhng vic lm m hon cnh i
hi v php lut cho php. K tn: Girn Pho"(13), cng vn ci ging chung
chung, m h, khng c g c th! Gia lc du si la bng, m l th nh i
bng in mt, sau khi gii m, vn lnh nh tin! Hn na, cm t "php lut
cho php" di thm mt go nc lnh vo chnh quyn Thiu, v ai cng bit,
ngay t hi Nchxn cn ngi ti Nh Trng, mi quan h gia Tng thng v
Quc hi v cuc chin tranh Vit Nam khng ly g lm sun s! Ngy 30-111974, o lut v Quyn hn ca tng thng trong thi gian chin tranh (vit tt
l WPA) ra i, quy nh r tng thng phi tho lun trc vi Quc hi v
bt c hnh ng qun s no sp tin hnh v trong vng 48 gi phi tng
trnh chi tit v hnh ng qun s y.
Lc ny, r rng Tng thng Pho khng th hnh ng m khng c s chp
nhn ca Quc hi. M Quc hi th ang chun b ngh l phc sinh, mi cng
vic u gc li.
Mc d chn nn v tuyt vng, Thiu vn gi i vo ti hm sau mt li ku
cu:
"Tha ngi tng thng, Vo gi pht quyt nh ny, khi Nam Vit Nam ang
lm nguy v ho bnh ang b e do nghim trng, v l ti trn trng khn
cu Chnh ph Hoa K hy thc hin li ha. Mt l, h lnh tin hnh mt
cuc oanh tc ngn hn bng my bay B52 tp trung vo nhng im ng qun
v cn c hu cn ca k th trong khu vc thuc Nam Vit Nam. Hai l, khn
cp vin tr nhng phng tin cn thit ngn chn v y li cuc tn cng.
168
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Knh tha ngi tng thng,

Mt ln na, ti xin khn cu ngi, khn cu ch Tn trong chnh sch ngoi
giao ca Hoa K, v c bit khn cu lng tm ca nc M. Ti xin a t
quyt tm thc hin trn vn li ha bng hnh ng c th ca ngi.
Trn trng knh cho, Nguyn Vn Thiu"(14).
Tt nhin, li van xin ca Thiu ri vo im lng. Bc th ngy 22-3 l bc th
cui cng ca Pho gi cho Thiu. Tc dng ca n cng ging nh mt liu
thuc an thn qu hn, khng cn gip g c bnh nhn ang thp t nht
sinh.
Mc d, B trng B Quc phng M Sltxinhgi nu ln gii php duy nht
cn li lc ny l nm bom nguyn t. V tng thng c a ln sau v b bi
Oatght vo mt tnh th kh x: Nm bom bng B52 th b Quc hi cm.
Dng bom nguyn t th li cng khng dm ngh ti. Pho khng th lm g hn
l b i nh "gn" sut c tun.
Nng tht th ng vo dp l phc sinh.
i vi M, Nng khng cn l v tr chin lc quan trng na. Tuy nhin,
cng c mt "hm i" c gi ti Nng. l mt m hn tp gm 20
chic tu vn ti v tu ko ca Nht cng ba tu chin nh ca M n di
tn c vn M, vin chc ngu v nhng ngi hong lon ang tho chy ly
thn, trong c tng Ng Quang Trng.
169
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ch thch:
(1) K hoch tin cng gii phng ton b Qung Tr: Tha Thin v thnh ph
Hu
(2) Do tnh hnh khn trng, sau ny anh Tn khng i.
(3) Cht.
(4) Tin hnh.
(5) Hng Qun on II (T lnh Nguyn Hu An).
(6) Phin hiu mt ca S on 304.
(7) Mt danh ca B Tng t lnh.
(8) Qun on I (T lnh Nguyn Ho).
(9) ng ch Phm Vn ng.
(10) ng ch inh c Thin.
(11) L Dun: Th vo Nam, Nh xut bn. S tht, H Ni. 1985, tr. 381-382.
(12) Theo cch cho im ca Lin X.
(13) Nguyn Tin Hng v Jrold Schecter: T To Bch c n dinh c lp,
Nh xut bn. Tr, Thnh ph H Ch Minh, 1990, tr.38.
(14) Nguyn Tin Hng v Jrold Schecter: T To Bch c n dinh c lp,
Nh xut bn. Tr, Thnh ph H Ch Minh, 1990, tr.391.
170
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Chng 7
TRN SI GN BT U
Nhng tm l chn ca ch pha Bc b ph toang. Con ng chin thng

dn ti so huyt cui cng ca ch Si Gn ang m rng.
Ngay trc khi gii phng hon ton Nng, chiu 29-3-1975, ng ch B
th th nht gi in cho Trung ng Cc min Nam: "Tnh hnh bin chuyn
mau l.
Cuc cch mng min Nam ang bc vo giai on pht trin nhy vt. Trn
thc t, c th coi chin dch gii phng Si Gn bt u t y"(1).
Chin thng ln, dn dp, nh mt phn ng dy chuyn, nhanh chng lan ra,
cng lm suy yu b my ngu qun, ngu quyn t trung ng n c s. Bi
ton thi gian lc ny khng dng li p s tnh bng thng, m phi tnh
bng ngy. Th trn chin tranh nhn dn, vi lc lng b tr sn ti ch trn
tng chin trng, tng khu vc, t r kh nng ch ng tin cng ca qun ta,
cn nhanh hn c "trc thng vn" v "cu hng khng" ca M. ch u
cng b nh, b bao vy chia ct. Chin lc tng hp ca ta kt hp u tranh
v trang, u tranh chnh tr v binh vn, cng ch ra m tiu dit v nh r.
Sng 31-3, B Chnh tr Trung ng ng hp m rng. y l cuc hp lch
s bn v n chin lc th ba, n cui cng ca cuc Tng tin cng v ni
dy.
Khng kh phn khi trn ngp "Nh con rng". Nhng nt mt rng r, nhng
nh mt sng ngi, nhng ci bt tay ha hn.
Bt u cuc hp, anh Ba nu nhng vn cn bn.
Thay mt Qun u Trung ng, ti bo co tng qut tnh hnh chin trng
mt thng qua, c bit nu r din bin chin s trong h tun thng 3. T Ty
Nguyn, Hu, Nng n cc Nam Trung B v Nam B, qun v dn ta
tiu dit v lm tan r hai qun on ch lc mnh ca qun ngu v khong
40% cc binh chng k thut hin i, thu v ph hu trn 40% c s vt cht
171
i tng V Nguyn Gip
v hu cn ca chng; gii phng a bn hai qun khu gm 12 tnh v gn mt

na s dn min Nam. m mu co cm chin lc ca ch b ph sn.
Chng ang lm vo tnh trng hoang mang, b tc. Tuy vy, ch vn ngoan c
lp tuyn phng ng t xa, t Phan Rang tr vo. Chng hy vng ngn chn v
y li cuc tin cng ca ta, gi th cm c cho t ma ma, sau s cng
c nhng lc lng cn li, phn cng ti chim cc vng mt.
ch tp trung Phan Rang mt lc lng khong hai s on gm S on 2
b binh va c khi phc. L on 2 d, Lin on 31 bit ng qun, c S
on 6 khng qun ng sn bay Thnh Sn ym tr. ng thi, chng tp
trung mi c gng thu thp tn qun, chn chnh cc n v cn li, iu chnh
th b tr nhm tng cng phng th khu vc Si Gn - Gia nh v ng bng
sng Cu Long.
V pha ta, vi trn Hu - Nng, ta bt u chuyn sang Tng tin cng
chin lc. Qun ta ang trong th tha thng xng ln. Ta hon ton c kh
nng tp trung lc lng c nc n mc cao nht, p o ch trn chin
trng trng im l Si Gn. Thi c ln xut hin. Chc chn ta s ginh
ton thng trong trn quyt chin chin lc cui cng ny. Ti ngh cn
khn trng xy dng k hoch tc chin, thc hin bao vy chin lc pha
ng v pha ty Si Gn - Gia nh, s dng nm m ch lc, bt ng thc
su tiu dit ch. nh mt trn l thng. Phng chm l "Thn tc, to bo,
bt ng, chc thng!".
Cc ng ch u vin B Chnh tr pht biu kin, ng vi ngh ca
Qun u Trung ng. Anh Trng Chinh tm c vi phng n thc su m
anh gi l "perce stratgique" (thc su chin lc).
Hi ngh nht tr nhn nh nhng nhn t mi xut hin r nt trong trn
Nng. Ta hn hn ch c v th chin lc ln lc lng qun s, chnh tr. D
M c tng vin cng khng th cu vn ngu sp .
B Chnh tr khng nh quyt tm thc hin tng cng kch, tng khi ngha
trong thi gian sm nht.
Phng thc tc chin chin lc ca ta l pht huy sc mnh ca ba n chin
lc (ch lc, nng thn v thnh th), t ngoi nh vo, kt hp vi lc lng
ti ch t trong nh ra, ly ch lc t ngoi nh vo l quyt nh, tp trung
172
i tng V Nguyn Gip
lc lng tin cng ch, nhanh chng li dng thi c, dn dp pht trin
thng li.
V b tr lc lng chin lc, B Chnh tr ch trng gp rt tng thm lc
lng hng ty Si Gn, chia ct v bao vy chin lc hng ty nam,
trit ng s 4, c lp Si Gn vi ng bng sng Cu Long. Cc lc lng
pha ng nh chim cc mc tiu quan trng, bao vy Si Gn t hng B
Ra - Vng Tu. Qu m chu lc phi tht mnh, k c binh kh k thut, sn
sng nh thng vo cc mc tiu him yu v quan trng nht ca ch trung
tm Si Gn khi thi c xut hin. ng bng sng Cu Long, cc lc lng
qun s, chnh tr hot ng mnh, gii phng cc a phng, phi hp vi mt
trn trng im.
Ngay t by gi, cn c k hoch hnh ng vi lc lng sn c trn chin
trng min ng Nam B. Cc lc lng ca ta Ty Nguyn cn nhanh
chng tin vo chin trng trng im. B Tng Tham mu n c cho Qun
on I khn trng vo kp thi gian.
Cuc hp kt thc.
ng ch B th th nht in ngay vo chin trng:
"Cch mng nc ta ang pht trin vi nhp "mt ngy bng hai mi
nm". Do vy, B Chnh tr quyt nh: Chng ta phi nm vng thi c chin
lc, quyt tm thc hin Tng tin cng v ni dy, kt thc thng li chin
tranh gii phng trong thi gian ngn nht.
Tt hn c l bt u v kt thc trong thng 4 nm nay, khng chm. Phi
hnh ng thn tc, to bo, bt ng", phi tin cng ngay lc ch hoang mang,
suy sp. Tp trung lc lng ln hn na vo nhng mc tiu ch yu trn tng
hng, trong tng lc"(2).
T cuc hp ngy 31-3-1975, s phn ca ch Si Gn c nh ot.
Quyt tm ca B Chnh tr c v mnh m nhit tnh cch mng ca ton
ng, ton qun, ton dn.
Tt c cho ngy ton thng.
Chin trng Nam B, cc Nam Trung B y mnh tin cng v ni dy,
chun b n thi c lch s. Trn cc trc ng chin lc, cc cnh qun ln
thn tc vo chin trng trng im. T ni rng Ty Nguyn va gii
173
i tng V Nguyn Gip
phng, Qun on III cng cc binh kh k thut tin v hng Si Gn vi kh

th chin thng. T hu phng ln min Bc, Qun on I tin vo min Nam
khng k ngy m. Cnh qun pha ng mi c thnh lp, ngoi d kin
ban u, khn trng tin dc min duyn hi theo ng s 1. Hu phng,
ln huy ng ti a sc ngi, sc ca, chi vin tin tuyn. Cc c quan Tng
hnh dinh lun mt lun tay, khn trng, phn khi. Lc ny, ai cng thm
tha v gi tr ca thi gian. Kim ng h nh chy nhanh hn.
Ngy thng nh ngn li.
Ngay sau Hi ngh B Chnh tr, ti suy ngh nhiu v trn chin u s din ra
trn chin trng trng im l Si Gn - Gia nh. Sau khi nghin cu, trao
i vi Tng Tham mu ph Cao Vn Khnh v Cc trng Tc chin L Hu
c, ngy 1-4, ti in vo B2:
"ng nh B Chnh tr nhn nh, chin tranh cch mng min Nam ang
bc vo giai on pht trin nhy vt. Hin nay ta c y lc lng v
kh nng ginh thng li hon ton trong mt thi gian ngn hn d kin rt
nhiu.
Vn quyt nh l phi kp thi nm ly thi c,, tranh th vo trung tun
thng 4 th bt u cuc tin cng quy m ln vo Si Gn. Lm c nh vy
th thun li nht, bo m thng li gin gi nht. Bt ng hin nay khng cn
phng hng ln na. ch bit nht nh ta s nh Si Gn nhng chng
cho rng ta cn chun b mt - hai thng. V vy, bt ng hin nay ch yu l
khu thi gian. Mt mt cn c ng lc lng nhanh chng, thn tc, mt khc
s dng ngay lc lng hin c kp thi hnh ng, khng ch i tp trung
lc lng ng mi lm n. Chnh theo ngha m B Chnh tr khng
nh t gi pht ny trn quyt chin chin lc Si Gn bt u.
Gia hai phng n c bn, mt l bao vy di ngy to iu kin ri dt im,
hai l tin cng to bo t u, nh nhanh, dt im nhanh, th nay nn chn
phng n 2, tc l lm tht nhanh, tht to bo; ng thi c s chun b trong
iu kin no nu cn th ch ng chuyn sang phng n 1 cng nhm
ginh thng li cui cng trong mt thi gian ngn. Vi lc lng sn c, cn
hnh ng kp thi li dng mi thi c c th do ch hoang mang v lng
174
i tng V Nguyn Gip
tng a li, tin cng lin tip, ginh thng li lin tip, lm o ln mi mu
chn chnh lc lng hoc tng cng vin tr ca M.
Thi gian hin nay phi tnh tng ngy. Phi "thn tc thn tc, ton thng, nht
nh ton thng".
Ngy 2-4, trong bui giao ban, trn c s phn tch tnh hnh cc mt trn, Qun
u Trung ng in khn cho Qun u Min v B T lnh B2: "Trong lc
chun b k hoch ln, ta cn c k hoch tc khc tp trung pho ln, phn no
xe tng v b binh nhn lc ch hoang mang dit bn bi binh mi chy v,
tiu dit mt b phn F18, nh chim Xun Lc, p st Bin Ho. Khng ch
c sn bay Bin Ho th khng qun mt tc dng, ch Si Gn s hoang
mang to".
Ngoi cc ngun tin k thut ca Cc Qun bo, tin tc cng khai do cc phng
vin nc ngoi min Nam nh i t Si Gn m Thng tn x Vit Nam thu
c cung cp thm nhiu tnh hnh st do.
Qun u Trung ng in tip cho anh Phm Hng, ng in cho anh Vn
Tin Dng v anh Trn Vn Tr:
" 2. Si Gn hin bt u hong lon, c th xy ra bin ng chnh tr trong
ni b ch. Mt trn Cam Ranh - Phan Rang v, bn tn qun chy v s gy
ri ln.
3. Theo tinh thn hnh ng to bo, kp thi ca B Chnh tr, chng ti c
kin Trung ng Cc v Qun u Min cn c mt k hoch hnh ng ngay
vi lc lng sn c, da vo k hoch bc 1 ca anh T(3), nhng nay lm
nhanh v mnh, khng iu ng xo trn.
4. C th:
a) Pha ng tp trung lc lng tng, pho tht mnh nh ngay bn F18, tiu
dit Xun Lc, p st Bin Ho, trin khai ngay pho nng khng ch sn bay
Bin Ho, c iu kin tt hay lc lng mi s nh chim Cp(4), ct sng
Lng Tu, b) Pha ty, vi lc lng hin c, nn giao b i a phng bao
vy Mc Ho, cn ch lc Min v khu th tp trung nh xung ng s 4
nhanh hn, thc hin nhanh chia ct v bao vy chin lc. Nghin cu k
hoch tng lc lng tip, c) Hin nay, tnh hnh c th chuyn bin mau l. F9
175
i tng V Nguyn Gip
cn nm trong tay Trung ng Cc, sn sng hnh ng khi c thi c, cha

nn iu i hng khc trong khi lc lng mi cha vo.
5. Trong lc , tip tc nghin cu k hoch hnh ng tip vi lc lng v
binh kh k thut c tng thm".
Bit cc anh Min ang rt cn thm lc lng cho chin trng trng im,
ti thng bo cho anh Tr bit Qun u Trung ng in cho anh Vn Tin
Dng tranh th thi gian a lc lng t Ty Nguyn xung cng nhanh cng
tt; Qun on I v cc n v k thut cng ang khn trng tin vo tng
cng cho B2.
***
Cc ngun tin cho bit:
Trong khi qun ta thn tc t cc hng tin v Si Gn, th B Tng Tham
mu ngu tnh ton: i phng ch c kh nng tng cng cho min ng
Nam B nhiu nht l mt qun on, v mun a lc lng y vo ti chin
trng, phi mt t nht l hai thng. B trng Quc phng M Sltxinhgi
th coi vic mt Nng l "mt trn chin chnh, nhng tng i nh".
Cn Tng thng M Girn Pho sau ny vit hi k v thi : "Mi ngi
u bit rng nhng vn Nam Vit Nam rt nghim trng, nhng dng
nh khng ai bit c nguy kch n mc no!".
Kim li lc lng, Thiu ch trng gi ton b Qun khu III v Qun khu IV,
lp tuyn phng th t Phan Rang tr vo, gi cht Ty Ninh, ly Ty Ninh lm
hng phng th chnh ngn chn qun ta thc vo Si Gn, gi trc ng 13,
gi th trn Xun Lc, ngn khng "Vit cng" p st ng 15, Nhn Trch
pho kch vo Si Gn.
Ngy 2-4, Cao Vn Vin, Tng Tham mu trng qun ngu h ht: "C th t
Phan Rang tr li". Vin tng ph trch hu cn ng Vn Khuyn hng h
tuyn b. "Bng bt c gi no, phi c th t Ninh Thun tr vo, nu cn s
em ht lc lng nh x lng ti !".
Thiu c Nguyn Vn Ton, T lnh Qun on III ra trn gi Phan Rang, ng
thi ra lnh gp rt khi phc mt s tn qun t pha bc chy vo, cng c
tuyn phng ng chung quanh Si Gn. Trong khi , Thiu b mt ch vng
bc, qu sang i Loan v Canada. Ton li ch th cho Nguyn Vnh Nghi
176
i tng V Nguyn Gip
thnh lp s ch huy tin phng Phan Rang, cn mnh lui v pha sau, ni l
" tng cng cho Xun Lc"(!)
Tng thng M c Tham mu trng lc qun Hoa K n Si Gn nm
tnh hnh, mang theo mt liu thuc an thn cui cng gm mt s sng c ln
c bc d sn bay Tn Sn Nht trc ng knh camera gia thanh thin
bch nht, v chiu ngay ln mn nh truyn hnh.
Th nhng ln ny, tr la m vng v xem ra khng cn tc dng, v con bnh
ang hp hi quen thuc mt ri! Tht ra, qun ngu lc ny cn n hn cn
sng. V cc khu pho u c th thay c vic nm bom bng B52 nh
Thiu van xin? Phrrch Uyen, vin tng bn sao phi cun c rt
khi min Nam Vit Nam thng 3-1973, khng th lm g hn trc s tht
vng ca Thiu. ng ta ch c nhim v "xem xt nhng kh nng m M c
th lm ng h Nam Vit Nam", v s tr v M tng trnh vi Tng thng
Pho lc ny ang cn i ngh mt!
***
Tr li vi chin trng Nam B v Cc Nam Trung B.
T khi m mn chin dch Ty Nguyn, nht l sau chin thng Bun Ma
Thut, tnh hnh pht trin rt nhanh.
Bo co ca Qun u Min v B T lnh B2 cho bit:
- Thc hin k hoch t hai ma kh 1974-1975 ca B T lnh Min c
Trung ng Cc thng qua, t m 9 rng ngy 10-3-1975, phi hp vi cc
chin trng ton min Nam, qun v dn ta t ni rng Khu 6 n ng bng
sng Cu Long tin cng v ni dy, ng lot xng ln dit ch, ginh thng
li gin gi.
ng bng sng Cu Long, qun v dn Qun khu IX tiu dit phn chi khu
Hu Thnh, vy ln yu khu Thy Ph, dit gn hai tiu on ch n tng
vin, gii phng chi khu Thun Thi, n Cu St. Trc sc tin cng ca ta,
qun ch yu khu Thy Ph tho chy. Ta tip tc tin cng ln hng Tam
Bnh, dit phn chi khu Ba K, lm ch on sng Mang Tht, tip pht trin
tin cng dit 50 n ch, lm ch ng 16, uy hip ng 4, p st Vnh
Long. c qun ch lc h tr, b i v du kch Vnh Tr tin cng gii
phng Cng Long, Chu Thnh, Cu Ngang, Tr C, Duyn Hi, Cu K. Tnh
177
i tng V Nguyn Gip
u v tnh i Tr Vinh lp thm c ba tiu on tp trung, t chc lc lng

chnh tr, binh vn, a v kh v cn b vo th x pht ng qun chng chun
b ni dy ginh chnh quyn. Ngy 12-3, qun ta nh chim chi khu Bnh
Minh, dit phn chi khu M Thun, gii phng vng bc sng Hu, t pho
105mm bc Ci Vn bn vo s ch huy Qun on IV ngu v sn bay Tr
Nc. S on 4 dit n ng Thp, nh chim cn c B m, vy p Nai,
Mn, chun b tin cng Cn Th. Qun khu 8, qun ta dit hai tiu on
ch cn c Ng Su, ph v h thng n bt ch khu vc knh mi v
knh Nguyn Vn Tip B, m vng gii phng rng ln t huyn Ci B (M
Tho) n M An, Kin Vn (Sa c), dit ch bc Cai Ly, ct ng 12,
vy p M Tho.
Trn hng Kin Tng - Long An, qun ta tin cng nh thng hnh lang
Ty Ninh xung ng Thp Mi, lm ch mt vng rng ln b ty sng
Vm C ng, ct t ng 4, to bn p tin cng Si Gn t hng ty.
on 232 c anh L c Anh, Ph T lnh Min trc tip ch huy, chun b
tin cng Si Gn t hng ty v hng nam.
min ng Nam B, cc i bit ng, i cng tc b mt v b i c
cng p st cc v tr xung yu xung quanh thnh ph Si Gn, dit ch Ph
Ho ng, bt ng 8, Tn Thnh Ty, Tng Thn, Thi M, s ch huy tiu
on ch Tn Tc, bc hng, bc rt hng lot n bt dc hnh lang vo ni
, tiu hu kho cha cht c ho hc Th c, kho xng Vng Bo. S
on 9 tng cng tin cng chi khu qun s Tri Tm, gii phng qun Du
Ting, Bn Ci, dit c im Sui ng Hng, nh chim Cu Khi, dit v lm
b thng trn 3.000 tn ch, ph hu v thu 61 xe qun s, 6 khu pho, 1.000
sng cc loi, gii phng Du Ting, th x An Lc v ton tnh Bnh Long, to
a bn ng chn cho qun ta tin cng vo so huyt cui cng ca ch t
hng ty bc. Min ng Nam B m c mt vng gii phng ko di t
bc Ty Ninh qua Lc Ninh, Du Ting, Chn Thnh, t M Vt n La Ng
qua Hoi c, Tnh Linh, t ng s 1 n nam ng s 2, B Ra.
Nh vy l trong vng mt thng, qun v dn Nam B v cc Nam Trung B
tch cc phi hp vi chin trng Ty Nguyn v chin trng Tr - Thin Hu, Qung tiu dit v lm tan r nhiu sinh lc ch, gii phng nhiu
178
i tng V Nguyn Gip
vng rng ln ng bng sng Cu Long, ng Nam B v Qun khu 6, hnh

thnh bao vy, to th cho cc cnh qun trn cc hng tin cng Si Gn Gia nh.
Cc hot ng chng ph "bnh nh" ca ng bo v chin s pht trin nhanh
chng. Phong tro u tranh chnh tr, binh vn ln mnh. Khp min sng Tin,
sng Hu, lin tip n ra hng nghn cuc u tranh trc din vi ch. ng
bo ni dy t co ti c ca ch, trng tr bn c n c nhiu n mu. Nhn
dn p cn, ngn sng, chn tu chin ch, ct t nhng con ng thu
huyt mch hh knh Mang Tht Vnh Long, knh Xng Xo R nam Rch
Gi. Thanh nin hng hi tng qun, lc lng v trang ng bng pht trin
rt nhanh. ng o qun chng phc v b i, tham gia cc t chc cch
mng a phng.
Trn c s tnh hnh chung do B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng thng bo,
cn c vo cc bc in ch o ca ng ch B th th nht, ca Qun u
Trung ng v tnh hnh thc t ca chin trng trng im, ngy 29-3-1975,
Trung ng Cc min Nam ra Ngh quyt 15-TWC nu r: "Cuc chin tranh
cch mng min Nam khng nhng bc vo thi k pht trin nhy vt m
thi c chun b tin hnh cuc Tng cng kch, Tng khi ngha vo so
huyt ca ch cng chn mui. T gi pht ny, trn quyt chin chin lc
cui cng ca qun v dn ta bt u, nhm hon thnh cch mng dn tc
dn ch min Nam, thc hin thng nht nc nh". Ngh quyt nu r cn
tng cng lnh o n ni dy ca qun chng lm hu thun cho n tin
cng qun s v nhn mnh:
"Phi tht tp trung tng gi, tng ngy, tng thng, t u thng 4-1975 ny".
y l mt Ngh quyt ph hp vi tinh thn cc Ngh quyt ca B Chnh tr
v Qun u Trung ng, chng t s sng sut, nhy bn ca cc ng ch lnh
o B2, c cc a phng chp hnh tch cc v c hiu qu.
Thc hin Ngh quyt ca Trung ng Cc, Qun u v B T lnh Min vch
k hoch tin cng Si Gn vi lc lng bn thn hin c. K hoch d kin
tin cng vo ni trn nm hng: hng ng do Qun on IV m nhim;
hng ty bc do S on 9 v cc Trung on 16, 271B; hng ty do on
232 gm S on 5, S on 3/B2 v cc l on binh chng; hng nam do
179
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Trung on 88 v 21 ca Qun khu 8 ph trch; hng bc c giao cho Trung

on Gla nh, s c tng cng thm lc lng c cng, bit ng v lc
lng ca Trung ng iu vo, nu c. Qun u v B T lnh Min ch
trng tin cng dit ch Xun Lc, p st Bin Ho, on 232 chun b
chim Mc Ho, a lc lng xung ct ng s 4 kt hp vi ch lc Qun
khu 8 dit S on 7 v S on 9 ngu.
Thc hin thng li bc ny, s gy bin ng ln v qun s, chnh tr trong
ngu qun, ngu quyn. Nm ly thi c y, s pht ng nhn dn ni dy, kt
hp cng kch qun s vi khi ngha ca qun chng, trong nh ra ngoi nh
vo, nhm nm mc tiu ch yu l sn bay Tn Sn Nht, B Tng Tham mu
ngu, Bit khu Th , Tng Nha cnh st v dinh c Lp. K hoch c
Trung ng Cc nht tr v bo co ra Trung ng.
***
H tun thng 3-1975.
Ngay sau chin thng Ty Nguyn, B T lnh chin dch ra lnh cho cc n
v ch lc tha thng pht trin tin cng v hng ng bng ven bin Nam
Trung B theo cc trc ng s 19, s 7 v s 21. S on 10 tin theo ng
21, tiu dit l on d trn o Phng Hong, gii phng qun l Khnh
Dng.
S on 320 sau khi gii phng Cng Sn, theo ng s 7 tin xung Tuy
Ho. S on 3 Qun khu 5 tiu dit cn c ch An Kh, sau phi hp vi
S on 968 tiu dit phn ln S on 22 ngu trong mt trn t Ph Phong
n sn bay G Qunh. Bn tn qun ca S on 22 b qun v dn Bnh nh
tin cng lm tan r hon ton.
Ngy 27-3, ti cuc hp vi B T lnh Ty Nguyn, trong khng kh phn
khi, quyt tm, anh Vn Tin Dng cng b thnh lp Qun on III gm cc
S on 10, 320 v 316 theo quyt nh ca B Tng t lnh. S kin ny nh
du mt bc pht trin mi, cng nh cng mnh ca qun i ta trong qu
trnh cuc tin cng chin lc.
Vi kh th tin cng v ni dy mnh m, qun v dn ta tch cc nh ch
trn khp cc tnh ven bin min Trung, tiu dit v lm tan r ton b lc lng
ch cn li, lin tip gii phng cc tnh, thnh ph thuc vng Qun khu II
180
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ngu. Ngy 1-4, hai tnh Bnh nh, Ph Yn vi thnh ph Quy Nhn v th x
Tuy Ho c gii phng. T ngy 2 n ngy 3-4, tnh Khnh Ho vi thnh
ph Nha Trang v qun cng Cam Ranh c gii phng. Trc , ngy 24-3,
tnh Qung c vi th x Gia Ngha c gii phng.
Lc ny c mt s kin ng ghi nh. l vic iu ng s dng S on 10
ca Qun on III. Nh trn ni, sau ngy gii phng Nng, ch trng
ca Qun u Trung ng c s nht tr ca B Chnh tr l tp trung ton b
lc lng nam Ty Nguyn nhanh chng tin thng xung, min ng Nam
B.
Trn ng vo B2, anh L c Th cng ph bin cho B T lnh Ty
Nguyn v ch trng ny. Nhng trc , trong tnh hnh b i ta ang truy
kch tiu dit ch, anh Vn Tin Dng v B T lnh Ty Nguyn lnh cho
S on 10 tin ra hng bin, xung Nha Trang, Cam Ranh. Khi bit ch
trng ca B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng, cc anh bn khon n mt
ng, lo lng, nh vy c tri vi nh ca cp trn hay khng. Cui cng cc
anh xc nh l bo co ln Trung ng v chu trch nhim. Ngay sau anh
Vn Tin Dng in ngay cho ti trnh by v vn ny, ni r cuc tin qun
ang pht trin thun li, Nha Trang, Cam Ranh l hai mc tiu chin lc quan
trng, tnh ton thi gian s on c th hon thnh nhim v gii phng hai ni
ny, sau quay ln ng 11 ri theo ng 20 tin xung v tr tp kt
min ng, thi gian cng khng chm l bao.
Nhn in ca anh Dng, li c tin ta gii phng Quy Nhn, ch ang rt
khi Tuy Ho, chun b b Nha Trang, Cam Ranh, ti lp tc tr li bng bc
in s 940 ngy 20-3-1975: "Chng ti bn vi anh Ba nht tr cho rng ta cn
c ch trng tht linh hot li dng thi c c th ny, tc l tp trung S
on 10 nhanh chng tiu dit qun d v bn ch cn li, nh chim Nha
Trang, Cam Ranh ri tin v pha nam".
Bc in lm cho cc anh rt yn lng. 8 gi sng ngy 31-3, anh Dng in
ngay cho ti: "Ti mng qu. Tht l tm u hp gia lnh o v ngi
chin trng".
Thc t cho thy vic iu ng v s dng S on 10 nh vy l ng. Sau
khi gii phng Nha Trang, Cam Ranh, s on t Ba Ngi nhanh chng
181
i tng V Nguyn Gip
xuyn qua cn c Bc i sang ng 11, ln Tuyn c ri theo ng 20 tin

v v tr tp kt ca Qun on III trn hng Si Gn, hon thnh xut sc
nhim v c giao.
Trong khi Qun on III tin cng ch trong hnh tin, o t tin qun vo
chin trng trng im, th Qun on I t min Bc theo ng s 1 ri theo
tuyn ng Trng Sn, Ty Trng Sn v ng 14, khc phc mi kh
khn v cu ng, thi tit, thn tc tin nh mt dng thc mnh xung
pha nam. Trn ng tin qun, qun on t chc thnh tng khi, hnh qun
bng c gii, c pho cao x bo v. Ni rng Trng Sn si ng. Cc on
xe, pho ni ui nhau chy sut ngy m, quyt tm n v tr tp kt ng
Xoi ng thi gian vo trung tun thng 4, kp tham gia chin u. Binh on
d b chin lc ra qun vi kh th ho hng, phn khi mang theo c mm tin
quyt thng ca hu phng ln i vi tin tuyn ln, tng cng thm mt
"qu m thp" cho chin trng trng im trong trn quyt chin cui cng.
Trong thi gian ny, S on 7 cng mt b phn S on 341 v lc lng a
phng nh chim chi khu qun s nh Qun, dit yu khu Gia Ray, khng
ch ng 20. Ngy 28-3, s on dng xe c gii theo ng 20, phi hp vi
cc lc lng m sn, tin cng gii phng th x Lm ng, sau cng b
i Khu 6 nh chim cao nguyn Di Linh, ngy 4-4 pht trin ln nh chim
thnh ph Lt. Trung on 812 truy kch ch t Lt n sn bay Thnh
Sn, to iu kin cho S on 10 t Cam Ranh xuyn qua Bc i theo ng
11 v ng 20 tin vo min ng Nam B.
hng Bnh Tuy, Long Khnh, S on 6 cng b i a phng v du kch
tin cng gii phng ng s 4, pht trin tin cng ch trn ng s 1 t
Sui Ct n Rng L (Bnh Tuy).
n lc ny, qun ta tiu dit v lm tan r hai qun on, hai qun khu
mnh ca ch, gii phng cc tnh ng bng min Trung, Ty Nguyn, nhiu
vng ng bng sng Cu Long, ng Nam B, hnh thnh th bao vy Si
Gn - Gia nh.
Ngy 3-4, anh Vn Tin Dng cng on A.75 vo n S ch huy Min. Anh
inh c Thin n lin sau . My hm sau, anh L c Th cng vo n
182
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ni. Vi tinh thn tch cc, khn trng, ngy 7-4-1975, Trung ng Cc duyt
k hoch tin cng Si Gn - Gia nh.
T liu sau ny cho bit: anh Phm Hng, B th Trung ng Cc ch tr cuc
hp. K hoch tc chin chin dch do anh L Ngc Hin trnh by gm hai
bc:
Trc mt, t ngy 8-4 tin cng chia ct chin lc v bao vy nh trn "rng
ng", nh vng ven v 8 mc tiu trong ni thnh, chun b cho tng tin
cng. Nu thun li ch tan r, th pht trin thc su ngay, phi hp vi qun
chng ni dy nh chim thnh ph.
Bc hai d kin t ngy 15 n 20-4, thc hin t kch Si Gn trn nm
hng. Lc lng s dng t ba n nm s on ch lc, by on c cng,
60 t bit ng, cng vi lc lng du kch v khong 50 ngn qun chng ni
dy ti ch. Anh Trn Vn Tr bo co thm v a hnh vng ph cn Si Gn,
v b tr ca ch trong ni thnh, lc lng khng qun v hi qun ngu, v
nu r tiu dit c S on 18 ngu, thc hnh bao vy c lp Si Gn, s
lm "rng ng" ton b v ny ra thi c mi. Nu ch co cm th chun b
thm lc lng, nhng phi gii quyt xong trong thng 4.
Cc anh Ba Trn(5), Trn Lng, Hai X(6), Hai Vn(7), ng Vn Cng, L
Vn Tng, inh c Thin biu th nht tr vi k hoch, ngh cn tranh
th bt ng, bo m hu cn, y mnh binh vn, ch trng t chc qun qun
thnh ph. Anh V Vn Kit tin tng nht nh thng, nhn mnh cn a
ngay ch lc vo su trong thnh ph, vn ng qun chng bung ra, ginh
thng li tht nhanh, tht kp thi, vt v. Anh Nguyn Vn Linh thy cn
tin cng lin tc, khng nn c khong cch, lm cho ch khng kp tr tay.
Ho hng, phn khi, y trch nhim, cc anh phn tch su sc tnh hnh,
ra nhiu kin i su vo tng kha cnh c th.
Kt lun hi ngh, anh Phm Hng nu r s nht tr, phn khi i vi k
hoch tin cng. Nu ct c ng s 4 v dit c S on 18 th t kch
ngay, khng ch lc lng vo . Cn t chc hip ng, tp trung lnh o
bo m cc mt ginh chin thng.
V t chc ch huy, s bn thm vi anh L c Th.
183
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Anh Vn Tin Dng thay mt c quan tin phng Qun u Trung ng v B

Tng t lnh pht biu kin. Rt mng trc vic Trung ng Cc, Qun u
Min biu th s nht tr v k hoch tin cng Si Gn, anh nhn mnh ta c u
th v lc lng qun s v lc lng chnh tr, cn dt im cng nhanh cng
tt. Anh ni in ra ngh B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng c thc
tng cng lc lng vo chin trng trng im.
Ngy hm sau, trong bui lm vic vi Trung ng Cc v Qun u Min, anh
L c Th ph bin Ngh quyt ca B Chnh tr v tnh hnh chin s, m
mu ca ch, ch trng ca ta, cng b quyt nh ngy 6-4 ca B Chnh tr
thnh lp B ch huy chin dch Si Gn - Gia nh: Anh Vn Tin Dng l T
lnh; anh Phm Hng, Chnh u; cc anh Trn Vn Tr, L c Anh, L Trng
Tn, inh c Thin, Ph T lnh; anh L Quang Ho, Ph Chnh u kim
Ch nhim Chnh tr; anh L Ngc Hin, quyn Tham mu trng. Anh L c
Th tham gia Trung ng Cc v ng u mt trn. Trong dp ny, Trung ng
Cc phn cng anh Nguyn Vn Linh, Ph B th Trung ng Cc, c trch
phong tro ni dy ca qun chng, nht l Si Gn. Anh V Vn Kit, U
vin Thng v Trung ng Cc, ch o vic tip qun thnh ph.
ng u v B ch huy chin dch khn trng bt tay vo vic. u tin, cc
anh nht tr in ra Trung ng ngh t tn ca Bc H knh yu cho chin
dch quyt nh sp din ra.
Ngy 14-4-1975, th theo ngh ca B ch huy chin dch v nguyn vng
ca ng bo, chin s c nc, trong bc in s 37 TK, ng ch B th th
nht L Dun thay mt B Chnh tr p ng kp thi nguyn thit tha v
thing ling y: "ng chin dch Si Gn ly tn l chin dch H Ch Minh
".
Trn quyt chin chin lc cui cng kt thc cuc chin tranh 30 nm c
vinh d mang tn v lnh t v i ca dn tc Vit Nam.
***
Theo k hoch nh, ngy 9-4, nhng trn nh ct ng s 4 pha ty Si
Gn v trn tin cng Xun Lc bt u.
S on 5 tin cng ch th trn Th Tha v th x Tn An khng thnh
cng. Tuy vy, s on nh thit hi nng mt trung on b binh ca S
184
i tng V Nguyn Gip
on 7 ngu v mt trung on thit gip, dit 80 n bt ln nh, gii phng

mt vng rng, uy hip ng s 4. Lc lng v trang Qun khu 8 tin cng
lm ch tng thi gian ng Tn Hip - Ci B (M Tho). Cc lc lng v
trang Qun khu IX tin cng ch Ci Vn, Ba Cng (Vnh Long).
Trn hng ng, Qun on IV di s lnh o, ch huy ca cc anh Hong
Cm, T lnh v Hong Th Thin, Chnh u, m cuc tin cng vo Xun Lc,
"cnh ca thp" trn tuyn phng ng Si Gn v Vng III chin thut. Ni y,
ch b tr mt lc lng kh mnh gm S on 18 v mt s tiu on bo an,
cnh st phng ng trong cng s kin c. Tham mu trng lc qun M,
tng Phrrch Uyen cho rng: "Mt Xun Lc l mt Si Gn". L Minh
o, S on trng S on 18 h ht "t th" bng mi gi.
Trn nh din ra quyt lit v phc tp.
Theo bo co, trong m 9 rng ngy 10-4, bng nhiu mi tin cng, qun ta
chc thng tuyn phng ng th x, chim c nhiu mc tiu, cm c cch
mng ln dinh tnh trng ngu. Tuy b thit hi nng, ch vn c th. Ngy
10-4, chng dng trc thng b mt l on d xung ven th x, tip ,
tng vin thm hai l on thu qun lc chin, mt lin on bit ng qun,
mt trung on b binh ca S on 5, tm tiu on pho binh v hai chin
on xe tng, thit gip. Da vo qun tng vin v s chi vin ca khng qun,
ch in cung phn kch, gy cho ta nhiu tn tht. Nhiu v tr ta chim
c phi ln lt rt b, hoc thay i ch nhiu ln. Chng dng n cc
loi bom c sc st thng v hu dit ln.
Trn nh cha dt im.
Tnh hnh ht sc khn trng.
Sau ngy Nng gii phng, theo lnh ca B Tng t lnh, anh L Trng
Tn, T lnh Mt trn Qung , bay ra H Ni nhn nhim v mi.
Trong bui giao ban sng ngy 2-4, B Tng Tham mu bo co: ch hoang
mang cc . Chin s ven bin Nam Trung B din bin rt nhanh, rt c li
cho ta.
Anh Tn nu kin cn hnh thnh cnh qun ven bin, gm cc lc lng va
gii phng Nng, nhanh chng tin qun nh ch trong hnh tin, tiu dit
ch v lm ch cc a bn chin lc t Nha Trang tr vo, khng cho ch co
185
i tng V Nguyn Gip
cm v Si Gn. y cng l kin ngh ca Thng v v B T lnh

Qun khu 5 v ca Thng v v B T lnh Qun on II va lp chin cng
Nng.
Ti tn thnh ngh ny v c ngay anh Tn sang trnh by vi anh Ba. Sau
khi trao i thm vi ti, anh Ba hon ton ng .
Ngay lp tc, Thng trc Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh lp cnh
qun pha ng, gm Qun on II (thiu S on 324 li Hu). S on 3
(Qun khu 5) v cc n v pho binh, cao x, xe tng, cng binh. Nhim v l
va nh ch, va m ng vi tc tht nhanh, khn trng n kp thi
gian cng cc n v bn tham gia gii phng Si Gn. Anh L Trng Tn c
c lm T lnh. Ban cn s ng lm thi do anh L Quang Ho lm B th.
Khi vo n min ng Nam B, cnh qun ny s thuc quyn lnh o, ch
huy ca ng u v B T lnh mt trn Si Gn; ng thi thng xuyn bo
co vi B Tng t lnh.
Trc khi anh Tn ln ng, thay mt Thng trc Qun u Trung ng, ti
giao nhim v cho cnh qun pha ng nhanh chng tin theo ng s 1 chc
thng phng tuyn ch Phan Rang, tip cng vi cc lc lng B2 nh
chim B Ra, Cp, khng ch sng Lng Tu, t pho tm xa Nhn Trch
hoc Thnh Tuy H ch p cc mc tiu quan trng Si Gn, c phng n
vt sng thc su vo trung tm thnh ph.
V ng di, cn t chc hnh qun tt, cho n v nh i trc, bo m i
tht nhanh, dc ng ch phng trnh pho trn tu chin ca ch. Bo v
tnh mng, ti sn ca nhn dn, lnh o b i gi k lut dn vn, i x
nhn o vi t, hng binh. Vo n ni bt lin lc ngay vi anh Dng.
Cuc tin qun lch s ca Quang Trung - Nguyn Hu li hin v trong k c.
Ngy 4-4, ti gi in cho cn b, chin s Qun on II ang hnh qun: "Cc
ng ch ln ng lm nhim v rt v vang. Cn hnh ng thn tc, to bo,
bt ng, chc thng".
Ngy 6-4-75, in ca Qun u Trung ng gi B T lnh on 559 nu r:
"Cn ch trng coi cng tc bo m chi vin v bo m c ng lc lng ta
vo B2 l cng tc trung tm s 1. V vy, cn c k hoch t chc tht tt cng
tc ny, nht l bo m vic hnh qun ca cc n v, binh kh k thut v cc
186
i tng V Nguyn Gip
nhu cu n dc theo ng thi gian nh". Ti ch th cho anh ng S

Nguyn b tr s ch huy Quy Nhn v anh Hong Minh Tho Nha Trang,
t chc bo m, n c cc n v hnh qun theo ng s 1, tuyt i
khng nh hng n vic bo m hu cn cho cc n v ang tin qun.
Bc in ca Qun u Trung ng gi anh ng S Nguyn v Thng v
ng u 559, nh i hi 22 gi ngy hm y li nhn mnh: " yu cu ca
mt trn ht sc gp, tng ngy, tng gi. Thi gian lc ny l lc lng, l sc
mnh. Cc ng ch dng mi bin php t chc v n c cc n v hnh
qun ht sc nhanh, chi vin ht sc gp, hon thnh xut sc chin dch chi
vin thn tc ny".
Trn hai trc chnh l ng s 1 v ng Trng Sn, vi s t chc khn
trng ca on 559, s h tr tch cc ca Qun khu 5, bng i chn vn
dm v mi phng tin c th c c, cc n v khc phc kh khn nh
ch m i, m ng m tin. ng st l th nhn dn quanh vng ra gp
cng sa cha. Cu b ch ph th ngoi cu, ph t hnh ca cng binh, cn c
thuyn b ln nh ca dn. Xe hng th tm mi cch sa cha, cu ko.
Ngy 7-4, ti ra lnh cho cc n v ang vo chin trng:
"Mnh lnh: 1. Thn tc, thn tc hn na. To bo, to bo hn n. Tranh th
tng gi, tng pht, xc ti mt trn, gii phng min Nam. Quyt chin v ton
thng.
2. Truyn t tc khc n ng vin, chin s".
Tc hnh qun nng ln khng ngng. Tuy vy, vn cn thy chm! Cng
tc bo m hu cn hu nh khng gp kh khn. on 559 c k hoch chu
o, li c thm go, n, xng, du chim c ca ch. Qun no, xe pho
nhin liu, n dc, b i c nhn dn ven ng ng vin, gip , tc
hnh qun li cng tng.
Ngy 10-4, in ca cnh qun pha ng bo co:
- Cc anh L Trng Tn v L Quang Ho n Nha Trang, ang chun b
nh Phan Rang.
Phan Rang, ni ct rn chn rau ca Nguyn Vn Thiu, l th x ca tnh Ninh
Thun, cch Si Gn 315 km v pha bc. y c hai hi cng Tn Thnh v
Ninh Ch, c sn bay Thnh Sn vi lc lng mt s on khng qun.
187
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ng s 1 v ng st chy qua th x, ni hn Si Gn vi cc tnh min

Trung va c gii phng. Theo s o din ca Uyen, Tham mu trng lc
qun M, ch iu lc lng d b chin lc ra lp y tuyn phng th t
xa: Phan Rang - Xun Lc Ty Ninh. Vi hn mt vn qun t chc phng ng
trn a hnh c li, c s chi vin ca c hi qun v khng qun, chng hy
vng ngn chn, cm chn cc binh on ch lc ca ta y cho n ma
ma; lc , thi tit s kh khn, ta khng th t chc nh ln Si Gn v
Nam B t nht l trong su thng na.
Ngy 11-4, c tin ch tng cng lc lng cho Phan Rang. B Tng Tham
mu in cho anh Tn ht sc ch n tc tin qun, nu thy nh Phan
Rang khng thun li, li mt thi gian, th ch mt lc lng bao vy th x,
cn i b phn tm cch vng qua, khc phc kh khn v hu cn v ng
s, tin nhanh vo min ng Nam B.
Ngy 13-4, anh Tn in ra bo co v hng pht trin v k hoch tc chin
ca cnh qun pha ng, v tnh hnh hu cn ca b i ang tin qun. D
kin gii quyt xong Phan Rang th pht trin nh chim B Ra, Vng Tu, ct
ng Bin Ho - Vng Tu, khng ch sng Lng Tu, nhanh chng a pho
130mm vo Nhn Trch bn vo sn bay Tn Sn Nht.
Nu ch co cm v phng th Bin Ho th tu tnh hnh c th, c th tin
cng vng v ng v ng nam Si Gn, vt sng t ph vo trng im.
Sng 14-4, qun ta n sng nh Phan Rang. Trn tin cng din ra quyt lit.
Vi thc su sc v gi tr ca thi gian, b i ta nu cao tinh thn quyt
thng, dng mnh xung phong nh chim cc mc tiu trong th x. Qun ch
c phi pho ym h, da vo h thng cng s v a hnh c li, ngoan c
chng c.
Hai ngy u, ta ch mi chim c mt s mc tiu ngoi vi Phan Rang.
Sng ngy 16-4, T lnh Qun on II Nguyn Hu An a S on 325 bc
vo chin u. Phng n tc chin l t chc mt i hnh thc su mnh, dng
xe bnh hi kt hp vi xe tng vn chuyn lc lng, nh thng theo ng
s 1 vo chim th x Phan Rang ri to ra tin sang pha ng chim cng Tn
Thnh v cng Ninh Ch, vt cht ng bin; ng thi theo ng s 11 nh
ngc ln pha ty bc, vu hi vo sn pha ty ca ch, chim sn bay Thnh
188
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Sn, kho nt ng b, phi hp cng qun v dn a phng nhanh chng

bao vy, tiu dit v lm tan r hon ton qun ch.
Kt qu, ta p tan tuyn phng ng t xa ca ch Phan Rang, tiu dit B
T lnh tin phng Qun khu III ngu, B T lnh S on 6 khng qun, B
T lnh S on 2 b binh, L on 2 d, Lin on bit ng 3 1, mt trung
on ca s on mi khi phc, ton b lc lng ca tiu khu Ninh Thun,
lm ch cng Tn Thnh v cng Ninh Ch, chim sn bay Thnh Sn, thu gn
40 my bay cn nguyn vn. Bn ch huy u s v hng nghn s quan, binh
lnh b bt sng trong c vin Trung tng Nguyn Vnh Nghi v vin Chun
tng khng qun Phm Ngc Sang. Qun ta gii phng hon ton th x Phan
Rang v tnh Ninh Thun.
c tin chin thng, Qun u Trung ng in gi li cho quyt thng n
ton th cn b v chin s, ng vin v on vin Qun on II, Qun khu 5,
thm hi ng bo vng mi gii phng, ku gi tip tc anh dng tin ln
ginh ton thng cho chin dch lch s. B ch th dng my bay a ngay
Nguyn Vnh Nghi v Phm Ngc Sang ra H Ni.
Tin chin thng t mt trn dn dp bo v: Cc n v thuc Qun on II
nh chim qun l Tuy Phong, va nh chim tu ch, bn ri my bay ch,
va tc chin tiu dit b binh ch, gii phng cc vng t trn ng tin
qun, trong c cc qun l Phan R, Ho a v Sng Mao. Tha thng, b
binh v xe tng ca qun on chia thnh nhiu mi xng thng vo trung tm
th x Phan Thit, nh chim S ch huy tiu khu Bnh Thun, gii phng qun
l Hm Tn.
Sng ngy 20-4, b phn u tin ca cnh qun pha ng gm S on 325 v
binh kh, k thut vo n Rng L, gn Xun Lc. Anh Tn v anh Ho cng
n hn sau , v nhanh chng bt lin lc vi B ch huy mt trn Si Gn.
Vi t cch Ph T lnh chin dch H Ch Minh, anh Tn quyt nh tng
cng cho Qun on IV Trung on 95B (S on 325) v pho, n thu c
ca ch tin cng dt im Xun Lc.
Cuc tin qun thn tc ca cnh qun pha ng vi hn 32.000 qun v 2.276
xe, pho, tng, thit gip qua gn mt nghn kilmt, vt ln mi kh khn, tr
ngi, nh ch trong hnh tin, l mt n chin lc sng to, kp thi, to bt
189
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ng ln cho qun ch, p tan nh co cm ln ca chng trn dc min

duyn hi, nh thng tuyn ng s 1 t min Bc vo tn ca ng pha ng
v ng bc Si Gn, m thm mt ng tip t hu cn chin lc, gp phn
lm thay i so snh lc lng gia ta v ch trn chin trng, to iu kin
ht sc quan trng v mt th chin lc rt thun li cho cuc tin cng gii
phng Si Gn - Gia nh.
Trc tnh hnh qun ch Xun Lc cn ngoan c chng c, ng u v B
ch huy Min ch th cho Qun on IV rt kinh nghim. Anh Trn Vn Tr n
trc tip ch o tc chin. Xut pht t nhn nh Xun Lc ch c th c th
khi c ni lin vi Bin Ho, B ch huy Min quyt nh thay i cch nh:
t tin cng thng vo th x chuyn sang nh cc lc lng tip vin ca ch
mi c iu n cn ng chn cha vng vng ngoi, thc hnh chia ct
Xun Lc vi Bin Ho, ct ng s 2 t Xun Lc i B Ra, chn qun ch
t Bin Ho, Trng Bom ln phn kch.
Thc hin quyt tm mi, Qun on IV va c tng cng lc lng b
binh v pho c ln, tin cng tiu dit Chin on 52 ngu v mt chi on
thit gip, nh chim ng ba Du Giy, ct ng s 1 t Xun Lc n Bu
C, lm ch on cui cng ca ng 20 t Tc Trung n Du Giy, chim
Ni Th, Tc Trng, Kim Tn, tiu dit qun ch phn kch t Trng Bom ra.
Hai chin on 43 v 48 ca S on 18 ngu cng vi L on 3 thit gip b
nh thit hi nng. B i a phng v du kch dit v bc rt mt s n
ch trn cc trc ng giao thng v ven th x Khng chim li c ng ba
Du Giy, lc lng b tn tht nng, trc nguy c b bao vy, b tiu dit v
sc uy hip ca cnh qun ln t pha ng mi ti, ngy 20-4, ch phi rt
chy khi Xun Lc.
Chin thng Xun Lc lm rung chuyn ton b h thng phng th ca ch
xung quanh Si Gn, lm cho tinh thn ca qun ngu cng thm suy sp.
***
Tin chin thng lm nc lng nhn dn c nc.
Ngy 6-4, trong kh th chin thng, 98,26% trong s my chc triu c tri trn
hu phng ln phn khi i b phiu bu Quc hi kho V, cng c thm
190
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vng chc ch dn ch cng ho. Cc ng ch lnh o ng, Nh nc ta

trng c vi t l phiu cao nht.
Tt c cho tin tuyn.
C nc vo trn cui cng vi mm tin tt thng.
Hu phng ln tng ng vin nhn, ti, vt lc chi vin cho tin tuyn ln.
Hu nh ton b lc lng vn ti trn min Bc u c huy ng trong mt
chin dch chi vin ln nht t trc n nay. Anh Phan Trng Tu, B trng
Giao thng vn ti, Ph Ch tch Hi ng chi vin min Nam ngy m lo lng
cng cc ngnh, cc a phng iu ng hng chc ngn xe vn ti, hng trm
toa xe la, hn 30 tu bin, hng trm ln chic my bay vn ti a cn b,
chin s, nhn vin k thut cng hng vn tn v kh, phng tin vo chin
trng.
T H Ni, Nam nh, tng on xe la ch y b i v v kh, n dc,
hi h chy thng vo Vinh. T y bng cc phng tin t, tu thu, ngi
v sng n c chuyn tip vo min ng Nam B.
Cc cng sng, cng bin min Bc khn trng nhn nhp. Tu thuyn ca
hi qun, ca ngnh giao thng vn ti lin tc ch xe tng, pho ln v b i
vo Nng, t c ng bng ng b theo ng s 1 vo a im tp
kt ca hu cn Min khu vc Du Giy.
Cc loi my bay vn ti, my bay ln thng cng c huy ng ch qun,
ch n vo chin trng trng im.
Ti Tng hnh dinh, anh Hong Vn Thi, Ph Tng Tham mu trng th
nht, theo di lc lng chin trng, nm chc n tng kho n, kho xng
du, kho lng thc, ch o cht ch v ro rit vic t chc hnh qun v bao
m hu cn.
Trn cc trc ng vo Nam, cc anh ng S Nguyn, Hong Minh Tho
m ngy lo n dc, nhin liu, lng thc, thuc men cho b i hnh
qun.
Anh Phng Th Ti, Ph Tng Tham mu trng, lun c mt trn cc nh o
Ty Nguyn, n c b i i nhanh, n .
T thng 1 n thng 4 nm 1975, on vn ti Trng Sn vn chuyn vo
Nam B 11 vn 5 nghn qun v 9 vn tn hng (trong c 37.000 tn v kh,
191
i tng V Nguyn Gip
9.000 tn xng du). Ring trong nhng ngy "chun b nc rt" t ngy 5 n
26-4, va khai thc va vn chuyn, ta a vo chin trng 10.100 tn n,
2.300 tn lng thc, thc phm, thuc cha bnh, 2.600 tn xng du. Nhiu
trm sa cha t, sa cha pho v tng c b tr dc ng, phc v c
ng ca chin dch.
Khu 5, Khu u v B T lnh qun khu di s lnh o ca anh V Ch
Cng v anh Chu Huy Mn, mc d ang phi tip qun cc tnh, thnh ph, n
nh i sng cho hng triu nhn dn vng mi gii phng, vn t ln hng
u nhim v vn chuyn chi vin cho pha trc. Mt on xe vn ti hn mt
trm chic do anh V Th, Ph T lnh qun khu trc tip ch huy, mang n
pho 130mm hnh qun khng ngh vo ti B2.
Bo m hu cn thc hin phng chm "thn tc" trong iu kin ca ta
lc ny khng phi l chuyn d. ng s st l, cu cng b ph hng, ch
dc, ng, ch ngoi bin ra sc ngn chn, thi tit khc nghit, ma gi u
ma. Phi vt qua tt c, bng sc mnh ca chin tranh ton dn, ca lng
dng cm v tr thng minh, sng to. Nhn dn vng mi gii phng ng h
ht mnh. Ch cn mt mnh giy c ch k v con du ca U ban qun
qun l c th huy ng c hng chc, hng trm xe ti v c li xe chuyn
b i, v kh, n dc ra pha trc.
Trn ng hnh qun, c n v do khng nm c tnh hnh, bo co v
B Tng t lnh l b i thiu go. Lo lng tc hnh qun c th b nh
hng, Thng trc Qun u Trung ng dnh gn mt ngy bn cch gii
quyt. Sau khi kim tra li, anh Hong Vn Thi bo co go khng thiu, cc
kho c b tr dc ng v in ngay cho cc n v hnh qun, ni r
Cam Ranh c t hai n ba nghn tn go, xng du cng c Quy Nhn,
Nha Trang v Cam Ranh.
Trong giai on cui cng ca chin tranh, ni ln tc dng to ln ca hu cn
ti ch. min Nam, c s h tr tch cc ca anh inh c Thin, hu cn
Min do anh Bi Phng ch huy huy ng mi lc lng vn chuyn v kh
vo cc kho, trm ca chin dch, tp trung sa cha xe my, m ng, bc
cu. Trc ng 14 t ng Xoi i Cy Go, Bn Bu c gp rt thi cng.
Cc on qun hu cn cc hng cng c v m rng tuyn ng chin
192
i tng V Nguyn Gip
dch vi tng chiu di hn 3.000 km. c bit, trong nhng ngy h tun thng
4, hu cn Min a 10.000 cn b, chin s t tuyn sau ln thnh lp 8 tiu
on c ng, huy ng gn 4.000 xe vn ti, hn 600 thuyn my, ca n, hng
nghn xe p th v hn 60 nghn dn cng ho tuyn, lp 15 bnh vin d
chin, 17 i iu tr vi tng s 10 nghn ging, phc v b i tin cng Si
Gn - Gia nh.
Lc ny, vic vn chuyn n dc v xng du n ngay cc ca ng vo Si
Gn cn l mt vn ln.
Ngy 20-4, Qun u Trung ng in khn cho B T lnh 559: "u tin vn
chuyn n dc: n 130mm, 100mm, 74, KZ 75 v KZ 82, n ci
120mm; pho 85mm, lu 122mm. u tin v xng du th trc ht l madt v
du m ph. Chm nht 29-4 c ng Xoi".
Mnh lnh c truyn t ngay n tng kho tng, binh trm. Mt khi lng
ln n dc, nhin liu khn trng chuyn vo chin trng ng k hn.
Trn quyt chin chin lc cui cng c bo m hu cn, k thut mnh
m v ht sc khn trng.
193
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Ch thch:
(1) L Dun: Th vo Nam, Nh xut bn. S tht, H Ni. 1985, tr. 383.
(3) ng ch Trn Vn Tr.
(4) Vng Tu.
(5) ng ch Trn Vn Danh.
(6) ng ch Nguyn Vn X.
(7) ng ch Phan Vn ng.
194
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Chng 8
GII PHNG TRNG SA
Trong nhng ngy ny, mt s kin c bit din ra ngoi k hoch chin
lc ban u. l s ch o ca B Chnh tr, Qun u Trung ng v B
Tng t lnh gii phng cc o thuc qun o Trng Sa do clun ngu Si
Gn ng gi, mt vng lnh hi thing ling ca T quc c v tr chin lc
rt quan trng v kinh t v qun s.
Ngay sau chin thng Bun Ma Thut, Qun u Trung ng kin ngh vi B
Chnh tr Trung ng ng: "Va chun b cho trn quyt chin chin lc cui
cng, va tin hnh gii phng cc o v qun o qun ngu ang chim
gi". Kin ngh ny c ghi vo Ngh quyt B Chnh tr ngy 25-3-1975.
Cng t ngy y, Qun u iu anh Hong Tr, Chnh u Hi qun v lm vic
cnh B Tng Tham mu, gip theo di tnh hnh ch trn bin, kin ngh v
nhim v ca Hi qun trong trn tng giao chin cui cng. Ti cng yu cu
B Tng Tham mu, B Ngoi giao cung cp ti liu v cc o, qun o
thuc vng bin ca Vit Nam, ng thi ch th cho Cc Qun bo nm tnh
hnh ch Bin ng.
Nhn vo bn qun s v hi Vit Nam, Bin ng l mt vng bin c
su t 2.000 n 4.000m, ni ln hai qun o ln: Hong Sa pha bc v
Trng Sa pha nam.
T th k XVII, Nh nc phong kin Vit Nam thc hin ch quyn mt
cch lin tc v ho bnh i vi hai qun o ny, hi c gi l i
Trng Sa, khng gp s tranh chp ca quc gia no. Trong i Nam nht
thng ton (bn nc i Nam thng nht) c bin v vo thi Nguyn
sau 1838 l nm quc hiu Vit Nam i thnh i Nam, hai qun o Bin
ng c v thnh mt di song song vi b bin min Trung Vit Nam,
ngang vi tnh Qung Nam pha bc v tnh Khnh Ho pha nam vi tn
gi "Hong Sa" v, "Vn l Trng Sa".
195
i tng V Nguyn Gip
T 1920, chnh quyn Php ng Dng tuyn b khng nh ch quyn

i vi Hong Sa, Trng Sa v t chc qun l v mt nh nc trn hai qun
o.
Sau Chin tranh th gii th hai, cuc tranh chp ch quyn din ra i vi c
hai qun o Bin ng.
Thng 4-1946, Php cho qun ra kim sot cm pha ty qun o Hong Sa.
Thng 11-1946, qun Tng b ln o Ph Lm thuc qun o Hong Sa,
v thng 12 nm y b ln Itu Aba thuc qun o Trng Sa.
Nm 1950, qun Tng rt khi hai qun o. Song nm 1951, nc Cng ho
nhn dn Trung Hoa ra tuyn b bo lu ch quyn ca Trung Quc i vi hai
qun o ny. T 1956, tranh chp din ra gia Trung Quc vi chnh quyn
Nam Vit Nam. Nm 1961, chnh quyn Si Gn sp nhp cc o thuc qun
o Trng Sa vo x Phc Hi, qun t , tnh Phc Tuy.
Trong khi iu tr ti Lin X, ti c nh in sang cho bit: Ngy 19 v
20-1-1974, nhn lc qun ngu Si Gn ang gp kh khn, Trung Quc dng
hng chc tu chin v mt phi i my bay tim kch tin cng chim cm o
pha ty qun o Hong Sa (cn gi l Nguyt Thim) do qun Nam Vit Nam
n tr, bt cc binh s qun i Si Gn lm t binh.
Nh li u nhng nm 60, khi Ngh quyt Trung ng ln th 15 khng nh
cch mng min Nam phi tin ln bng con ng bo lc, cng vi s ra i
ca on vn ti Trng Sn (559), Qun u Trung ng t chc mt b
phn c bit chi vin min Nam bng ng bin. T nm 1964 tr v trc, ta
dng cc tu nh xut pht t Sn dc theo ven bin i vo Nam.
T nm 1965, ta m ng i trong hi phn quc t, qua Hi Nam, Li Chu,
ng Hong Sa n Song T Ty ri qua Na Tu Na vo n C Mau. Ta s
dng cc o thuc qun o Trng Sa lm ni tm dng trn "ng mn H
Ch Minh trn bin", da vo chng ngi thin nhin l cc bi san h ngm
di nc.
Tuy gian nan, vt v, nhng kt qu vn chuyn vn kh quan. Tng cng i
c 169 chuyn, n ni 100 chuyn, 50 chuyn phi quay v, tn tht 19
chuyn, vn chuyn c 5.677 tn hng, mt gn 700 tn. Ta hy sinh 76 ng
ch, 51 ng ch b thng.
196
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Cng nh i vi on Trng Sn, cng vic vn chuyn trn bin cho min
Nam chin u c Bc H c bit quan tm khch l. Nh mi cu ni vui
ca Ngi khen ngi chin cng c o ca thuyn trng Bng Vn Da,
ngi thu th i t Nam ra Bc bng thuyn g th s: "i bin kiu y th xa
nay ch c Crixtp Clng v ch!". i, k c cn ti ri v nhng ngy u
gian kh y. Trong khe mt long lanh t ca Bc, ti thy c min Nam au
thng, anh dng ang vy gi, hu phng u tic sc mnh.
S kin Trung Quc tin cng qun ngu, nh chim qun o Hong Sa
pha bc ngy 20-1-1974, cng cho thy tm chin lc ca nhng mnh t xa
xi, chp chn trn sng gi Bin ng. Nhn quan chin lc qun s ca B
thng soi ti cao, nhn r vn . Cn t chc gii phng kp thi phn t
ny.
Nu chm, qun i nc khc xm chim ni y, tnh hnh s rt phc tp.
Kh khn ln nht l phi nh chim cc o vi lc lng hi qun nh b
lc by gi. Trn mt trn Bin ng, hnh ng cng phi "Thn tc, to bo,
bt ng, chc thng".
Ngy 2-4, ti Tng hnh dinh, sau khi nghe bo co v trn Nng, ti trc
tip ch th cho anh L Trng Tn: Ngoi nhim v truyn t mnh lnh cho
Qun khu 5 v B T lnh Hi qun, t chc tin cng gii phng cc o, c
bit l qun o Trng Sa. Vng ny c th c tu chin ca Hm i 7 v hi
qun cc nc khc hot ng. Hi qun ngu cng c trang b cc loi tu
ln. Do , ngh thut tc chin phi kin quyt, to bo, ng thi phi ht sc
mu tr, sng to, bt ng. Cc n v c nhim v sn sng, c thi c l nh
c ngay, bo m chc thng. nh phi ng lc. Nu c hin tng chng
rt, phi tranh th nh chim ngay. Nu tnh hnh chung ch b nguy khn,
nht l Si Gn, B s thng bo kp thi nh chim. Nu qun nc
ngoi chim o th ta kin quyt chim li. Nu c kh khn th xin ch th
ca B.
Ti cng ch th cho B Tng Tham mu iu ngay S ch huy tin phng ca
B T lnh Hi qun vo Nng, va tip qun cn c hai qun ca ch
y, va chun b sn sng pht trin chin u trn mt bin.
197
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Trc , ngy 30-3, Qun u Trung ng in cho cc anh V Ch Cng v

Chu Huy Mn: "Theo ch th ca B Chnh tr, Thng v giao cho Khu u v
B T lnh B1 (1), nhim v nghin cu, ch o thc hin gp rt, nhm thi
c thun li nht nh chim cc o hin do qun ngu min Nam chim ng
thuc qun o Nam Sa (2). Trong vic ny, anh Nguyn B Pht, phi vin ca
B Tng tham mu v cc cn b Hi qun cng i s do Khu u v Qun khu
u ch o thc hin k hoch".
y l mt nhim v rt quan trng v vng qun o Trng Sa thuc ch
quyn ca Vit Nam. Theo thm d, trin vng y c d tr du la ln. Vi
tm nhn chin lc, c th thy bin v i dng s l ngun ti nguyn ch
yu ca nhn loi k t th k XXI.
Chiu 4-4, Qun u Trung ng in tip cho Qun khu 5:
"Thc hin kp thi nh chim cc hn o vng Nam Hi, c bit l cc
o Nam Sa. Vic ny phi chun b gp v b mt, ch cn b c trch nhim
bit".
Mnh lnh c thi hnh tc khc. Qun khu 5 cng B T lnh Hi qun trin
khai k hoch tc chin. Cc lc lng ca Qun khu 5 cng mt bin i tu v
lc lng b ca Hi qun c t chc li gm: Cc tu vn ti ca on
125 va t Hi Phng vo tip qun Nng; nhng con tu khng s ny vn
tng quen vi "ng mn H Ch Minh trn bin", nhiu ln qua li khu vc
qun o Trng Sa nn quen nhn dng, phn bit cc o, v cng c kinh
nghim trnh ngm; i 1 on 126 c cng l n v c b dy thnh tch
vi cch nh b mt, bt ng, nh chm nhiu tu ch chin trng Ca
Vit. Ch huy trng l ng ch Mai Nng.
Ngy 9-4, Cc Qun bo pht hin ch rt qun khi cc o bin Nam Hi.
Qun u Trung ng in "ti khn" cho cc anh V Ch Cng, Chu Huy Mn,
ng in cho anh Hong Hu Thi, Ph t lnh Hi qun Nng: "C tin
qun ngu chun b rt khi o Nam Sa. Cc anh cho kim tra li ngay v ch
th cho lc lng ta hnh ng kp thi theo phng n nh. Nu chm,
c th qun nc ngoi chim trc, v hin nay mt s nc ngoi ang c
xm chim".
198
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ngy 13-4, Qun khu 5 in v B Tng Tham mu bo co k hoch nh

chim cc o. Ti in ngay cho anh Mn: "Cc anh tch cc t chc thc
hin quyt nh ca Qun u Trung ng v vic nh chim cc o. kin
ca ti:
1. Vic nh chim cc o cn lm ng thi c.
Nu c thi c c th m khng kp nh chim th cc nc ngoi c th chim
trc. Nu ch cha rt m ta chim trc th tnh hnh c th tr nn phc
tp, v lc lng ta c hn v vic tng vin c gp kh khn.
2. Do , thi c c th nh chim l: a) Nu ch rt ton b hoc rt i
b phn th nh chim ngay. Nu qun nc ngoi nh chim trc th nh
chim li, b) Nu ch mi c triu chng rt hoc bt u rt th theo di, kp
thi nh chim khi ch rt i b phn, c) Khi tnh hnh chung ca ch nguy
khn, nht l tnh hnh ch trng im, th nh chim ngay.
Hai thi c c th trn do anh theo di v quyt nh.
Thi c c th th ba, ti s kp thi bo anh khi xut hin".
Thi c nh chim l nh vy, nhng cch nh chim th sao, trong tnh hnh
v kh, phng tin ca ta cn km hn ch c v s lng v trnh hin
i?
Nh li dp k nim 15 nm thnh lp Hi qun nhn dn Vit Nam, pht biu
v chin tranh nhn dn trn chin trng sng, bin, ti nhn mnh vic
nh ch ven bin, bin gn v cc qun o ca Vit Nam cn c ht
sc coi trng, v cn dn cn b, chin s cn vn dng t tng ly nh thng
ln, ly t thng nhiu trong tc chin ca Hi qun. Biu dng cc "con tu
khng s" v cc n v "c cng nc", ti khi qut ngh thut nh gic ca
Hi qun ta l bit ly s lng trang b t hn, km hin i hn ch m vn
nh thng c ch. Mun vy, phi tch cc, ch ng, kin quyt, linh hot,
mu tr, sng to, b mt, bt ng.
Ngy hm sau, mt ngun ng tin cy bo v: C triu chng qun ngu chun
b rt khi qun o Trng Sa.
Sau khi kim tra li ngun tin, ti in tip cho Qun khu 5: " Thi c nh cc
o thuc khu vc Nam Sa lc ny rt thun li. Ch nh cc o qun ngu
min Nam chim ng. Cc anh ra lnh nh chim ngay.
199
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Theo di, n c kim tra cht ch v thng xuyn bo co v B".

Nhn cc ch th, mnh lnh ca Qun u v B Tng t lnh, anh Hong Hu
Thi ra lnh cho cc tu hi qun ngu trang gi dng tu nh c, xut pht vo
lc tri cha sng.
Bng phng tin nh v t, i mt vi tu chin ln ca ch v i dng
mnh mng, qun ta nh theo kiu ca mnh: b mt tip cn, nhanh chng
b, bt ng nh chim mc tiu. ng 4 gi 30 pht sng ngy 14-4, sau hn 1
gi t chc b, ta n sng tin cng, nhanh chng tiu dit v bt sng ton
b qun ch, gii phng o Song T Ty, ko l c T quc ln nh ct c
trn o. Tip , ngy 25-4, qun ta tin cng nh chim o Sn Ca. Ngy
27-4, ta gii phng o Nam Yt v o Sinh Tn. Ngy 28-4, qun ta gii
phng o Trng Sa, o An Bang, hon thnh xut sc nhim v c giao
trong vng na thng vi nhng c gng ln nht.
Ngay trong ngy 28-4, qun ta trn cc o, trn cc tu chin nhn c in
khen: "Qun u Trung ng rt phn khi c tin qun ta chim cc o
thuc Trng Sa. Nhit lit khen ngi cc n v hon thnh nhim v c
ngha chin lc".
Sc mnh tin cng v ni dy ca chin trng trng im cng vi s chi
vin to ln ca hu phng lm cho th v lc ca qun v dn ta ln mnh
vt bc. Tuyn phng ng t xa ca ch b ph v. Mt vng bin rng ln
giu ti nguyn vi nhng o v qun o c v tr chin lc ht sc quan
trng thuc ch quyn ca T quc. Cc cnh qun ln dy dn kinh nghim
chin u sn sng i vo trn tin cng hang cui cng ca ch.
200
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ch thch:
(1) tc Qun khu 5.
(2) Trung Quc v chnh quyn Si Gn gi Trng Sa l Nam Sa.
201
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Chng 9
CHIN DCH H CH MINH
Thi c ginh ton thng n.

Ti Tng hnh dinh, tm bn ton min Nam nhanh chng tr thnh c so
vi tc pht trin ca chin s. Cc ng ch cn b tham mu thay vo
mt bn Nam B t l 1/200.000 chi cht nhng k hiu xanh, , th hin
tnh hnh ta, ch mi nht trn chin trng trng im, v mt bn Si Gn
- Gia nh t l 1/50.000.
Hng my thng lin tc ch o tc chin k t chin dch Ty Nguyn, a
hnh v th trn ca ta v ch, ti gn nh thuc lng. Cc bn Nam B
v thnh ph Si Gn - Gia nh tri ra trc mt, ngy m gi ln nhng suy
ngh v cch nh chin lc trong trn quyt nh cui cng.
i quanh bn lm vic, nhn vo tm bn t mi pha, ti nh li nm xa
ng trc sa bn in Bin Ph, suy ngh v cch nh tp on c im. Hai
s kin lch s c khong cch hn 20 nm, nhng ging nhau s ng no
cao trong trn quyt chin chin lc cui cng, gp sc tm ra cch nh ti
u nhm ginh thng li ln nht vi tn tht t nht.
thnh thi quen, mi ln gp mt bi ton kh v quan trng trong lnh o,
ch huy tm v m, ti thng tham kho kin ca nhiu cn b, nht l
nhng ng ch c kinh nghim cng tc tham mu v cc cn b ch huy tng
tri trong chin tranh. Dn ch qun s bao gi cng mang li nhng gi tt,
nhng kin hay. Lc ny, anh Hong Vn Thi, Ph Tng Tham mu trng
th nht ph trch tc chin v hu cn phi dnh hu ht thi gan ng vin,
t chc chi vin chin trng, tnh hnh li pht trin rt nhanh, ti quyt nh
lp mt t thng trc gip ti ch o tc chin. Mi ngy bn ln, sau bui
giao ban, ti trc tip nghe t bo co, t kin. ng ch Cao Vn Khnh,
Ph Tng Tham mu trng, trong t ny. L mt tr thc yu nc, tham gia
cch mng t nhng ngy Thng Tm nm 1945, anh Khnh l mt cn b qun
202
i tng V Nguyn Gip
s ch huy i on 308 nh nhng trn ln trong khng chin chng thc dn

Php, tng l T lnh Mt trn B70 (Tr - Thin) trong khng chin chng M,
mt con ngi hng hi, trung thc, c nhiu kinh nghim ch huy tc chin
hip ng binh chng, c b i tin yu.
Sau khi ph bin quyt tm ca B Chnh tr, Qun u Trung ng v B Tng
t lnh tp trung tt c cho trn quyt chin chin lc cui cng, ti yu cu
cc ng ch trong t khn trng nghin cu t kin v phng n tc
chin chin dch gii phng Si Gn - Gia nh trong tnh hung chin dch
din ra nhanh v c trong tnh hung chin dch phi ko di n ht ma ma.
Ti gi mt s im t i su nghin cu nh phng n hnh thnh th
bao vy, chia ct ch v chin lc, chin dch, kh nng tiu dit ch vng
ngoi khng cho chng co cm vo ni ; trn then cht l u, thc su vo
thnh ph t hng no, bin php khng ch sng Lng Tu, knh Ch Go,
sn bay Bin Ho, sn bay Tn Sn Nht; s dng my bay ca ch nh cc
mc tiu trong thnh ph v chn ng ch chy ra bin.
Phng hp ca t thng trc c b tr ngay ti S ch huy. Ti thng xuyn
ch tr cc cuc tho lun, ghi li nhng kin tt.
Li khai ca Nguyn Vnh Nghi cng mang li nhiu thng tin quan trng. Sau
khi b bt ngy 16-4 ti Phan Rang, vin trung tng ny c a ngay ra min
Bc.
Trc thi i x khoan hng, nhn o ca cch mng, Nguyn Vnh Nghi
tit l nhiu iu, cho thy lc lng phng th ca ch b cng ra rt
mng, lc lng d b cn rt t. Trong ni , ch ch da vo lc lng cnh
st v phng v dn s. Hng him yu nht, theo y, l tin cng t G Du
H - Trng Bng.
Trn hng ng, ch c th ph cc cu chn bc tin ca qun ta. ch
b tr cc kho n chnh Nh B v Ct Li. Long Bnh ch l kho tip liu.
Do ch da ch yu vo lc lng khng qun, nn cc sn bay Tn Sn Nht,
Bin Ho v Cn Th gi vai tr quan trng, c bit l sn bay Bin Ho, ni
u cc my bay cng kch F5 v A37.
Khi c hi v tht bi ca y ti Phan Rang, Nghi li cho binh lnh tinh
thn sa st, khng chu chin u. Nh cn nui tic mt hy vng tr thnh
203
i tng V Nguyn Gip
o tng, y ni: "Chng ti thiu tip liu v thiu thi gian. Nu cc ng nh

chm mt thng na th cha bit s ra sao?"
Cc thnh vin hai phi on qun s Vit Nam dn ch cng ho v Cng ho
min Nam Vit Nam tri David trong sn bay Tn Sn Nht cng cung cp
nhiu tnh hnh ng ch . Thi ngoan c, ngang ngc ca ch gim dn,
t l nghch vi tin cng v ni dy ca qun v dn ta. Khng cn nhng
li ni cc cn, th l, nhng hnh ng ct in, ct nc. Thay vo i
phng h ging, t ra bit iu trong giao tip, tm cch thm d thi ta,
thm ch ng mun c cuc ni chuyn hon binh, c trnh mt cuc tin
cng ln vo Si Gn, cu ngu quyn khi nguy c sp . Cng c th coi
y l mt hn th biu bo thi tit chnh tr - qun s lc ny, t ngay trong
lng ch.
Ngy 16-4, sau khi nghe bo co tng hp cc kin tho lun, ti gi thm:
Hng tin cng no c li nht, bt ng nht? Lm sao c th bao vy cht,
tin cng tiu dit nhanh cc s on ch vng ngoi? Lm sao t chc thc
su nhanh vo thnh ph. Trong trn ny, kh nng tan r ca ch c din ra
nh Ty Nguyn v Nng khng? ch s i ph nh th no khi chng
pht hin lc lng ta xung quanh Si Gn, nht l trn hng ng? Nu cn
c Bin Ho v Tn Sn Nht b khng ch, khng qun ch cn kh nng hot
ng na khng? Nu M b cuc hoc thay Thiu, ta cn chp thi c ginh
ton thng ra sao. Nu khng dt im c trong thng, th ta nh trong ma
ma nh th no?
T thng trc khn trng hon chnh phng n tc chin vo ngy hm sau.
V th b tr ca ch trn tng hng, t kt lun: Hng ng v ty - ty bc
l ni ch c lc lng mnh.
cc hng ty v ty nam, ch b tr phng th yu hn. ch ang dn lc
lng ra i ph vi ta vng ngoi, nn trong ni rt yu. Ring Si Gn
- Gia nh, ta c th mnh ca chin lc tng hp, trong v ngoi cng nh,
qun chng bn trong ni dy, ch rt kh chng . Nu ta nh cho chng
thit hi nng vng ngoi, th bn trong rt c th c tnh hnh t bin.
T thng trc ngh chn hng ty bc l hng tin cng ch yu. Hng
ng l hng quan trng.
204
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Hng ng nam l hng thc su. Hng nam l hng him yu, cng cn
c tn dng. V cch nh, cn bao vy, chia ct, tiu dit cc cm phng th
vng ngoi, kt hp tin cng, t kch tht mnh t bn ngoi vi tc chin,
ph hoi v ni dy t bn trong, khng cho ch co cm vo ni , nhanh
chng nh chim cc mc tiu qun s, chnh tr, kinh t ch yu, lm ch tnh
hnh.
thc hin cch nh trn, cn n c cc cnh qun vo v tr tp kt sm,
khong t ngy 20 n ngy 30-4, nht l nhng hng ch yu. Cnh qun
pha ng phi nhanh chng nh chim B Ra, pht trin xung Vng Tu,
Nhn Trch, t Nhn Trch t pho bn vo sn bay Tn Sn Nht. Qun on
IV n nh qun ch Xun Lc. on 232 ct ng s 4 theo k hoch.
Trn cc hng, b i phi nhanh chng p st pho kch cc mc tiu qun
s. hng Khu IX, cn khng ch sn bay Tr Nc (Cn Th), khng cho
ch s dng chi vin cho Si Gn. B i c cng phi chim gi cc cu
dn vo thnh ph, to iu kin cho cc lc lng thc su.
T cng chun b mt phng n tc chin trong ma ma. Trong trng hp
ny, cn ng vin b i gi vng quyt tm, lin tc chin u, to iu kin
dt im trong ma kh sp ti. Cn c thm lc lng b sung, thay th,
chun b thm phng n tc chin v cch nh trong ma ma a hnh
vng ven Si Gn v min Ty Nam B. y mnh phong tro tin cng v ni
dy ng bng sng Cu Long, phi hp cht ch vi mt trn Si Gn.
Anh Khnh bo co xong. Ti nht tr v c bn vi kt qu nghin cu ca T,
v ch th my im:
1. Tnh hnh pht trin rt nhanh. ch ang th tht bi, th i xung v ang
ng trc nguy c sp Cc tnh hung c th thay i. Phi d kin ht
nhng tnh hnh t bin khi thi c xut hin. Phi nhanh chng bao vy, chia
ct, tp trung lc lng tht mnh nh n quyt nh, tiu dit cc s on
ca ch vng ngoi, khng cho chng co cm vo Si Gn, ng thi t chc
nhng binh on mnh nhanh chng nh chim cc mc tiu quan trng trong
ni .
205
i tng V Nguyn Gip
2. Ch trng cng tc binh vn. Cn kp thi khai thc t binh, hng binh
nm c tnh hnh mi nht. Cn nm thm tnh hnh chnh tr, x hi Si
Gn v ng bng sng Cu Long.
3. Cn nm vng ch trng ca B Chnh tr l Tng tin cng v ni dy, kt
hp tin cng vi ni dy.
D kin cho ht sc mnh ni dy ca qun chng v s tham gia ca nhn dn
trong tc chin v c ng ca b i.
4. Tranh th ginh thng li hon ton trc khi nhng cn ma u ma trt
xung. ng thi tnh ton thm v s dng lc lng, v hu cn chin lc,
chin dch nu phi nh ko di. Trong mi tnh hung u phi bo m chc
thng.
5. D sao cng ch l nhng kin nghin cu bc u. Cn tip tc suy ngh
thm. Nhc im l cha c c tnh hnh ton din mi nht ca chin
trng, nn kin ca t l tham kho. Quyt nh l cc cp lnh o, ch
huy ti ch. B Tng Tham mu c ngay cn b vo trao i vi cc anh mt
trn.
Bui lm vic kt thc, nhng ai cng thy cng vic ch mi bt u. Mi
ngh u quay v mt hng: nh vo so huyt ca ch, mt ni ng dn,
c phng th vng trong vng ngoi. Lm sao ginh thng li nhanh nht,
khng cho ch co cm, tit kim c xng mu ca b i, trnh thit hi
cho dn. Nhng b c tham mu ng no n cao tm ra p s.
***
T sau Hi ngh B Chnh tr ngy 31-3-1975, quyt tm chin lc ca ng
nhanh chng bin thnh hnh ng thc tin, t tin tuyn n hu phng.
B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng tp trung ch o chin trng trng im.
Vn u tin l bo m cho cc lc lng ca ta t pha Bc n chin
trng nhanh nht, nht, sung sc nht. Mt chin dch chi vin chin trng
m mn.
Cg on cn b tham mu, hu cn c lnh vo ngay ng Trng Sn
n c b i hnh qun v theo di vic vn chuyn n ln cho pho v xe
tng, y nhanh tc chi vin cho B2, bt lun trong tnh hung no cng
khng c v iu ng lc lng chm, m l thi c chin lc.
206
i tng V Nguyn Gip
in vo in ra ti tp.
Nhng cu hi hu nh khng thay i. Tt c xoay quanh bc chn hnh
qun ca b i: Cnh qun ven bin tin n u? Bao gi th Qun on I
vo ti ni? Cc s on 341, 316, cc s on ca Ty Nguyn ang ni
no? on xe ch n khi no n? Trong khi nhng cu tr li li mi
ngy, mi gi mt khc, khng cu no ging cu no, y nhanh cc mi tn
trn bn tin dn xung pha Nam.
B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng rt mng c bit lc lng qun chng
v ang c pht ng.
Thnh u Si Gn - Gia nh lp cc i tuyn truyn xung phong gii hng
vn t truyn n. Cc c s ca ta trong thnh ph chun b hng trm xe
t, loa phng thanh, may nhiu c v biu ng. Cc anh Nguyn Vn Linh, V
Vn Kit trc tip lnh o vic t chc, ch o qun chng ni dy. Lc lng
lnh o ca ng v chnh quyn cch mng v ngoi thnh, nhiu thnh
u vin v cn b cp tng ng vo hn ni . D kin ta c kh nng
huy ng hng vn ngi xung ng khi cn thit. Lc lng v trang Si
Gn - Gia nh vi hai trung on Gia nh I, Gia nh II, cc n v bit ng
thnh, c B ch huy chin dch b sung nhiu trung on v mt l on c
cng thin chin.
on cn b B Tng Tham mu v cc tng cc c nhim v gip B T lnh
chin dch trn cc mt t chc ch huy, cng tc chnh tr, cng tc hu cn, k
thut vo n chin trng. Cc anh in ra bo co ang khn trng trin
khai cng tc. Nh li hm no, trc lc ln ng, thay mt Qun u
Trung ng, ti giao nhim v cho on vi tt c s tin cy. Ti yu cu cc
ng ch nhn r tm quan trng ca chin dch sp ti, mt chin dch quy m
ln vi lc lng 4-5 qun on tham chin, c nhiu binh kh k thut tin
cng ch trong mt thnh ph ln, kt hp vi qun chng ni dy t bn
trong, cn c s phi hp hip ng rt cao, trn mt khng gian rt rng. Nhiu
vn mi c t ra, phi gii quyt tht tt trong mt thi gian ngn, khng
l thi c, ginh thng li ln nht v chin lc, chin dch. Phi nm tht
vng ng li, ch trng, chnh sch ca ng, nm vng t tng v ngh
thut qun s Vit Nam, vn dng trong tng tnh hung, nhim v c th, t
207
i tng V Nguyn Gip
vic c ng b i, c ng v kh, kh ti trn a hnh ng bng phc tp,

vic chi vin ho lc pho binh c hiu qu m khng gy tn tht cho dn, n
vic tip qun mt thnh ph my triu dn, qun l, gio dc hng triu t binh
v nhn vin ngu quyn.
Ti bt tay tng ngi, gi c nim tin vo trong nh mt cc anh Nam Long,
ngi chin s i Vit Nam Tuyn truyn gii phng qun nm xa, lc ny l
Ph Gim c Hc vin Qun s, Don Tu, T lnh pho binh, Nguyn Ch
im, T lnh c cng, L Xun Kin, Ph T lnh thit gip, Hong Nim,
Ph T lnh thng tin, Phan Khc Hy, Ph T lnh on 559. L nhng cn b
ch huy u ngnh, c nhiu kinh nghim chin u, cc anh hng hi ra i, ha
s c gng hon thnh nhim v mc cao nht.
***
Vi s c mt y cc ng ch trong ng u v B T lnh Mt trn Si
Gn - Gia nh, trn c s cc c quan tham mu, chnh tr, hu cn, B2 c
tng cng cc cn b ca on A.75 v on cn b ca B Tng t lnh, S
Ch huy chin dch H Ch Minh nhanh chng hnh thnh.
Thi c lc ny i vi ta thun li v nhiu mt, cho php nhanh chng bt u
cuc tng cng kch vo Si Gn. Tuy vy, trong tnh hnh cc n v ch lc
ln cha vo ht chin trng, B Chnh tr in ch th cho B T lnh chin
dch chn b thm trong t ngy, ch cc qun on vo c u th tuyt
i v lc lng so vi ch, bo m nh chc thng. Bc in do ng ch B
th th nht k tn, ni r: "Ti bn vi anh Vn, nhn thy cn chun b
thm my ngy na, n khi phn ln lc lng ca Qun on III v Qun
on I (c b binh v binh kh k thut) n ni s bt u cuc tin cng ln,
cha nn lm ngay by gi.
D sao, thi gian m mn chin dch chm nht l vo h tun thng 4-1975. T
nay n , cn y mnh hot ng ca cc cnh qun, c bit l cnh qun
pha ty v ty nam, ct ng s 4, bao vy chia ct ch, lm cho chng hoang
mang, ri lon, to iu kin cho trn quyt nh cui cng".
Bo co ca B Tng Tham mu cho bit cc anh chin trng ng vi
nhng kin xut ca t thng trc v phng n tc chin gii phng Si
Gn.
208
i tng V Nguyn Gip
S nht tr gia pha trc v pha sau v vn dng ngh thut qun s Vit
Nam trong thi im quyt nh ca chin tranh lm tng thm nim tin tt
thng.
Trn tinh thn , bc in ca B Chnh tr nhn mnh: "K hoch tin cng
ton din cn bo m mt khi pht ng th phi tin cng tht mnh v lin
tc, dn dp n ton thng, va pht ng tin cng ngoi vi, va c lc
lng sn sng nm thi c thc su vo trung tm Si Gn t nhiu hng,
thc hin t trong nh ra, t ngoi nh vo, to iu kin cho ng bo ni
dy. Trong tnh hnh hin nay, thn tc, to bo, bt ng l ch . Cn c d
kin v chun b i ph vi tnh hung cuc chin u c th ko di mt thi
gian".
Chp hnh ch th ca B Chnh tr, B T lnh chin dch H Ch Minh khn
trng hon chnh k hoch tc chin trn c s phng n c c Trung
ng Cc thng qua. Tinh thn l trnh nhng xo trn khng cn thit, cc lc
lng B2 vn quen thuc chin trng m nhim cc hng c a hnh phc
tp, dnh nhng hng gn nht pha bc v pha ng cho cc lc lng t
xa n. Mt khc, lnh cho cc n v ca Qun khu 8, Qun khu IX, cc n v
c cng, bit ng vng ven v trong ni thnh lin tip nh ch, p st thnh
ph Cn Th v cc con ng huyt mch, nht l ng s 4 t Si Gn
xung ng bng sng Cu Long. Qun v dn Nam B hng hc kh th tin
cng, pht huy sc mnh tng hp ca ba mi qun s chnh tr v binh vn
cng gip cng, gii phng mt s khu vc quan trng, ni lin cc cn c
"lm" Long An, G Cng, Bn Tre, M Tho, m ra nhng hnh lang t ng
Nam B sang Ty Nam B, lm ch cc ng giao thng quan trng. Va tc
chin va xy dng lc lng, mt s tnh v huyn thnh lp c thm nhiu
tiu on, i i a phng, nhiu x c i du kch. c bit pha ty
nam Si Gn, ni c a hnh snh ly, trng tri, b i v nhn dn phi
vt qua mun vn kh khn, nh thng hnh lang Ty Ninh - Kin Tng,
lm ch mt phn sng Vm C Ty, m ra mt vng gii phng, lt sn lng
thc, n dc, to th rt thun li cho mt b phn ca on 232 tin cng
vo Si Gn. hng ty nam, B T lnh quyt nh tin cng vo th trn
Th Tha v th x Tn An, khng nh chim Mc Ho nh trong k hoch c.
209
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Trn nh khng thnh cng v qun ch phng b sn. Qun ta chuyn sang
nh qun ch phn ng, qut h thng n bt ca ch bc ng s 4, gy
cho ch nhiu thit hi. pha ty bc, S on 25 ngu b nh mnh, buc
phi phn tn i ph, khng co c v gi ven .
Th trn ti ch by xong.
Ngy 22-4, ln cui cng, k hoch tin cng Si Gn - Gia nh c ng u
v B ch huy chin dch H Ch Minh thng qua v ph duyt.
***
Tuyn phng ng Xun Lc sp . Tia hy vng sau cht ca ngu qun, ngu
quyn cng tt ngm.
Theo "gi " ca M, Nguyn Vn Thiu t chc tng thng. M hy vng "thay
nga" i cho tay sai mt lt mi, hng tr hon cuc tin cng ca ta vo
Si Gn.
i Si Gn tra ngy 22-4 pht i ting ni bun b, ri rc v cay ng ca
Thiu trch mc quan thy M b ri mnh: "M yu cu chng ta thc
hin iu khng th lm c. V vy, ti bo h: Cc ng i hi chng ti
lm iu m cc ng tht bi vi na triu binh lnh tinh nhu v s quan c
ti vi gn 300 t la chi ph trong su nm tri. Nu ti khng ni rng cc
ng b cng sn Vit Nam nh bi, th ti cng phi ni mt cch khim tn l
cc ng cng khng th chin thng. Nhng cc ng tm ng rt lui trong
danh d. Hin nay, khi qun i chng ti thiu v kh, n dc, my bay trc
thng, my bay B52, cc ng li i hi chng ti lm mt iu khng th lm
c ging nh vic dng lp y i dng, ging nh cc ng a cho ti
ch c 3 la m thc gic ti i bng my bay gh hng nht, mn phng 30
la mt ngy khch sn, n 3-4 ming bttt v ung 7-8 ly ru mt ngy.
l iu k quc!".
Thi quen n chi m thc ca vin tng thng ngu xen c vo khu kh, ngay
c trong tuyn b cui cng.
***
H tun thng 4-1975, cc lc lng ln ca qun ta ln lt vo v tr trin
khai.
hng bc, Qun on I c mt khu vc nam sng B.
210
i tng V Nguyn Gip
hng ty bc, Qun on III tin n Du Ting.

hng ty, on 232 p st tuyn sng Vm C
ng v Hu Ngha.
hng nam, Trung on 88 v Trung on 24 c tng cng Trung on
271B ng chn Cn Giuc.
S on 5, S on 8 p st ng s 4 t Tn An n Cai Ly, p st M Tho.
ng ch L c Anh, Ph T lnh Min, Ph T lnh B ch huy chin dch,
trc tip ch huy hng ty v hng nam.
hng ug, Qun on IV sau khi gii phng Xun Lc, p st Trng Bom.
Qun on II, S on 3 v L on 52 (Qun khu 5) tin st Long Thnh,
Vng Tu, Nc Trong, B Ra. ng ch L Trng Tn, T lnh cnh qun
pha ng, nay l Ph T lnh chin dch ch huy hng ny.
Tt c su trung on c cng v hng chc i bit ng sn sng t vng
ven n ni thnh.
Cc phi i ca khng qun ta sn bay Thnh Sn sn sng ct cnh.
Ti Tng hnh dinh, trn tm bn chin dch H Ch Minh, cc mi tn ln
mu vt cht ly hang cui cng ca ch.
Lc ny, qun v dn Campuchia tng bc ph v sc khng ca qun
i Lon Non ngoi vi th Phnm Pnh. c ta tr gip n sng ln, bn
n pho vo trung tm thnh ph. Ngy 12-4, M t chc cuc hnh qun
mang tn "Diu hu", di tn c vn v binh lnh M ra khi th bng ng
khng. Ngy 17-4, Phnm Pnh c gii phng.
Cc c quan B Tng t lnh lm vic ngy m. c bit Phng 70 thuc Cc
Qun bo, chuyn theo di tin ch bng phng tin k thut, bm my tng
pht tng gi.
Tin v cho bit: Si Gn hn lon. Binh lnh v nhn vin ngu quyn t cc
tnh pha bc, nht l t Phan Rang, Xun Lc chy v, mang theo tm trng ht
hong v nhng iu mt thy tai nghe, cng lm cho tnh hnh thm bi t. Dn
chng bt u di tn. Cc s qun phng Ty ra i. Trn Vn Hng, mt ng
gi b bnh thp khp v m lo, ln thay Thiu, ku go "t th", nhng chng
my ai nghe! Ngy 23-4, ti Trng i hc Tulane New Orleans, Tng thng
211
i tng V Nguyn Gip
M Girn Pho tuyn b. "Cuc chin tranh Vit Nam chm dt i vi

M".
Thi c n. Ti in cho cc cnh qun n c khn trng chun b tin
cng, c bit l cnh qun pha ng phi c gng bo m nh Bin Ho
theo ng k hoch.
Sng ngy 22-4, B Chnh tr hi . C tin M s loi b Trn Vn Hng bt
lc, thay vo bng mt ngi "d tip xc" hn vi Mt trn dn tc gii
phng, nh dng th on ngoi giao ngn chn cuc Tng tin cng ca ta.
Cng c tin Php mun ng ra lm trung gian lin lc vi Mt trn dn tc gii
phng v H Ni hng cu vn tnh th.
Sau khi xem xt tnh hnh, anh Ba in khn vo chin trng: "M ngu tm
cch tr hon cuc tin cng ca ta vo Si Gn, lp chnh ph mi, a ra
ngh ngng bn i n gii php chnh tr cu vn tnh th khi tht bi hon
ton. Thi c qun s, chnh tr m cuc Tng tin cng vo Si Gn chn
mui. Ra ch th ngay cho cc hng hnh ng kp thi, kt hp tin cng qun
s v ni dy ca qun chng".
Qun u Trung ng cng in gp cho anh Vn Tin Dng, truyn t kin
ca Thng trc Qun u Trung ng: "ch khng c quyt tm c th Si
Gn khi b tin cng mnh. Chng tr hon tm cch ngh ngng bn, ko
di sang ma ma. Si Gn khng gi ni th chng rt v ng bng sng Cu
Long, ly Cn Th lm trng tm. Hng ty nam v ng s 4 sn sng ngn
chn, tiu dit ch trong tnh hung chng rt t Si Gn v Cn Th".
Ngy 23-4, hng thng tn Php AFP a tin M - ngu dng my bay C130
nm bom xi Ctl (Daisy Cutler) v bom CBU xung cc mc tiu gia Bin
Ho v Xun Lc, c hng trm xc cht. Bom xi Ctl chuyn dng ph
tng mng cy rng, dn mc tiu lm bi u cho my bay ln thng. CBU
(Cluster Bomb Units) l loi bom khi n gy ra mt m chy vi nhit ln,
to ra mt khong chn khng thiu hu mi th v lm cht ngt mi sinh vt
trong vng. Ti in ngay vo mt trn, hi 19 gi hm y: "C th y l loi
bom ngt CB 455 m Uyen ngh s dng. Cng c th ch tung tin
uy hip tinh thn. Phi thc s phng. Anh Ba v Thng trc Qun u c
kin: Pht ng sm Tng tin cng lm cho hnh thi ta v ch xen k. n v
212
i tng V Nguyn Gip
xa ngu trang cho tt. Ch phng c. Pho 130mm v 74 nh mnh vo

Tn Sn Nht v cn c khng qun Bin Ho, gy tn tht nng cho khng
qun ch. Cc sn bay Cn Th, Vng Tu, dng pho ci v c cng nh
mnh".
Ngy 26-4, B Chnh tr hp, gia lc cng vic chun b mi mt t B thng
soi ti cao n B T lnh v cc n v chin trng trng im c bn
hon thnh. Anh Trng Chinh, vn rt quan tm cch nh chin lc, theo
di cht ch trn tng cng kch v ni dy cui cng m anh gi l "coup
dcisif" (n quyt nh).
B Tng Tham mu bo co: Cc binh on ch lc ca ta trin khai trn cc
hng. Cc n v ch lc ti ch ca B2 cng vo v tr, sau khi tc chin
to th pha nam v ty nam Si Gn. Cc lc lng c cng, bit ng v
lc lng ca Thnh i Si Gn ng sn ven , p st cc mc tiu
c phn cng.
Hng trm cn b v i vin v trang vo ng chn ti cc "lm" vng ven
v ni , chun b pht ng qun chng ni dy khi ch lc tin cng. Qun
ta ang th p o. Lc lng lnh o c s v lc lng chnh tr qun
chng u sn sng.
Nm mc tiu quan trng c B ch huy chin dch H Ch Minh xc nh
l: sn bay Tn Sn Nht, B Tng Tham mu ngu, dinh Tng thng ngu
quyn. Bit khu th v Tng nha Cnh st.
V cch nh, B T lnh chin dch ch trng hnh thnh th bao vy, c lp
ch trong thnh ph, s dng lc lng thch hp trn tng hng chia ct, tiu
dit ch bn ngoi, ng thi s dng mt b phn quan trng lc lng t
chc thnh nhng mi t kch mnh, thc su nh thng vo trung tm Si
Gn, nh chim nm mc tiu c xc nh.
T , to ra phi hp vi cc n v c cng, bit ng, t v thnh ph v
qun chng ni dy, nh chim tt c cc mc tiu qun s, chnh tr, kinh t
trong thnh ph. Mt s lc lng c cng, bit ng v lc lng v trang ti
ch c giao nhim v nh chim v lm ch cc cu, tham gia cng cc n
v ho lc khng ch sn bay v cc trn a pho ca ch.
213
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Phng chm l hip ng cht ch, tin cng nhanh, hn ch n mc thp

nht thng vong ca b i v tn tht v tnh mng, ti sn ca nhn dn.
B Chnh tr nghe c bc in di ca anh L c Th ngy 24-4, ni r
tnh hnh ta v ch t khi nh Xun Lc n lc ny. Mi s on a vo
chin trng va mi ti ni. Chin trng c mt s kh khn v hu cn,
nhng quyt tm ca mt trn l va nh va b sung, ht sc c gng bo
m nhng iu kin ti thiu m mn chin dch. ch cha phn on
c cch nh ca ta. Chng b tr ngn chn t xa, c k hoch ph cu nu
khng gi ni. Ta ang chun b khn trng cho k hoch tin cng v ni dy.
D kin, trong tnh hung xu, nh ch ph cu, qun ta c k hoch khc
phc, lm cu, hoc tc chin trong iu kin khng c xe tng v pho binh.
Sau khi kim tra li ln cui vic chun b cho trn nh quyt nh, cuc hp
kt thc trong khng kh no nc, phn khi, quyt tm, sn sng n tin chin
thng.
***
Gi pht quyt nh im.
Chin trng Nam B bng ln nh mt cn lc.
Cc hng thng tn trong nc v nc ngoi hot ng ht tc lc. Tin tc dn
dp bay v, dn hu ht s ch ca d lun th gii vo mt im nng: Si
Gn.
Thng tn x Vit Nam, Thng tn x Gii phng, cc c quan thng tin i
chng ca c hai min lin tc loan tin chin thng. Trn bo v i, hu nh
khng cn ch cho cc vn no khc ngoi tnh hnh cuc Tng tin cng v
ni dy. Cc cuc thng bo thi s lan n trong tng nh, tng thn xm.
Tin tuyn cng si ng, hu phng cng no nc, i ch.
H Ni, cc c quan B Tng t lnh thng trc 24 trn 24 gi. vi cc
c quan thng tin, bo ch, Tng hnh dinh khu vc "Nh con rng" l ni
cung cp tin chin s st do nht, nhanh chng nht, chnh xc nht. Cc Tc
chin phi dnh ring mt s thi gian him hoi cng Cc Tuyn hun pht
tin cho bo v i. Cc ng ch Tng Tham mu ph Hong Vn Thi v Cao
Vn Khnh cng ti thng trc S ch huy.
214
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Anh ch em thng tin, c yu thay phin nhau lm vic sut m ngy. Cm

nc c mang n tn ni.
Ti 27-4, Cc Tc chin bo co tnh hnh chin s vng ven Si Gn. Qun ta
c bn thc hin k hoch tc chin chin dch trn cc hng.
Hng bc, S on 312 (Qun on I) chun b tin cng Bnh C, Bnh M,
to th cho qun on trin khai lc lng vng ven.
Hng ty bc, anh V Lng, T lnh Qun on III s dng pho ci dit cc
trn a ca ch. S on 316 chn ch Ph M v ng Trng Bng.
Hng ty nam, anh L c Anh cho qun p st ng s 10, chun b tin
cng ch trn ng s 4, chia ct Si Gn vi ng bng sng Cu Long, m
u cu vt sng Vm C ng, chim lnh vng ven.
Hng ng, cnh qun ca anh L Trng Tn tin cng cn c Nc Trong,
chi khu qun s Long Thnh v th x B Ra. Nc Trong, ch chng c,
dng my bay bn ph ba bi, phn kch lin tc sut c ngy. S on 304 m
nhiu t tin cng m vn cha dt im. Quyt tm ca qun ta l phi thc
hin bng c nhim v nh chim cn c Nc Trong, nht l vic trin
khai trn a pho Nhn Trch bn vo cn c khng qun Tn Sn Nht
ng thi im nh.
Qua tnh hnh din bin chin s, B Tng Tham mu nhn xt: hng ng,
tuy ch chng c ngoan c, nhng nhn chung c nhiu thun li. Hng bc
v hng ty bc chm hn mt cht. Hng ty nam c th tin kp cc mi
khc. Hot ng ca qun ta trn ng s 4 t hiu qu tt, nu pht trin
mnh hn, s to thm iu kin cho hng bc v ty bc pht trin tin cng.
Ti in ngay cho anh Tn: "Cho bit ngay a kin thi c pht trin vo ni
, c trong trng hp n mc tiu sm hn thi gian quy nh. Khi c thi
c c th thun li, bo m chc thng th tranh th pht trin. Nu trn a
pho 130 t xong Nhn Trch v bn c vo Tn Sn Nht th Si Gn s
rung ng ln".
Ti 28-4, cc i phng Ty a tin: Hi 16 gi 40 pht, 5 chic my bay A37
do M ch to di bom xung sn bay Tn Sn Nht cao 5.000 b. Mt
s my bay ca "khng lc Vit Nam Cng ho" v ca Hoa K b ph hu,
trong c 3 chic AC119 v nhiu chic C47. Trn nm bom thc gic M
215
i tng V Nguyn Gip
phi "thc hin ti a" vic di tn nhn vin qun s v dn s ca h. Hi 20

gi cng ngy, 2 chic C130, mi chic ch180 ngi, mo him ct cnh
ngay trn ng bng va b nm bom.
S kin ny nm trong nh ca B Tng t lnh trong vic dng khng qun
chin u trc v trong chin dch gii phng Si Gn, c trao i nhiu
ln vi cc anh B2. Thng tun thng 4, anh L Ngc Hin in ra bo co:
ta thu c mt s my bay chin u, v ngh cho ngi vo nghin cu s
dng. Ngay sau , li nhn c tin Nguyn Thnh Trung, c s binh vn ca
ta hot ng b mt trong hng ng ch, sau khi nm bom dinh Tng thng
ngu, h cnh an ton xung sn bay Phc Long. B Tng Tham mu nht
tr t vi Qun u Trung ng cn s dng s phi cng c M o to,
hun luyn cc s quan li my, bay chin u ca ta, s dng s my bay va
thu c tham gia chin dch, gy cho ch mt bt ng ln.
Anh Vn Tin Dng cng in ra ngh cho khng qun ta dng my bay va
thu c ca ch nm bom vo so huyt qun ngu Si Gn ng vo ngy
28-4.
Ti cm my trc tip bo co vi ng ch B th th nht. Anh Ba vui v
ng .
B triu tp ngay anh L Vn Tri, T lnh Phng khng - Khng qun ln "Nh
con rng".
Ti hi:
- Hin thu c bao nhim my bay A37 c th dng c?
- Bo co: Nng 1 chic, phi cng ta ang dng hc chuyn loi. sn
bay Ph Ct, ta thu c 5 chic cn nguyn, nhng cha bay th.
- Th l tt. B Chnh tr ng cho khng qun ta nm bom Si Gn. Giao
nhim v cho ng ch trc tip t chc thc hin trn nh ny thng li. Thi
gian ng vo ngy 28-4 nh anh Dng in ra. Vic chn thi c v mc
tiu cho my bay tin cng s do anh Dng ch th trc tip. V cch nh, s do
B Tng Tham mu v tin phng Phng khng - Khng qun quyt nh.
Chiu 26-4, anh Tri vo ti Ph Ct. Anh Hong Ngc Diu, Ph T lnh qun
chng cng c mt.
216
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Vic hun luyn chun b ngi v my bay c tin hnh rt khn trng. Ch
trong my ngy, ta c mt phi i A37 sn sng hot ng. 17 gi ngy 28-4,
phi i mang tn Quyt Thng do Nguyn Thnh Trung ch huy hon thnh
xut sc nhim v, ph hu 20 my bay ch trn sn bay Tn Sn Nht.
Cuc cng kch bt ng ca ta bng my bay ca M t hiu qu chin u
ln, nhng hiu qu v tinh thn, tm l li cn ln hn nhiu.
***
Sau hai ngy m mn cuc tng cng kch, ti 28-4, B Tng tham mu tng
hp v bo co tnh hnh chin trng trng im:
B i ta trn cc hng v c bn thc hin c k hoch tin cng, bao
vy c lp Si Gn, chia ct tuyn ngoi thnh ph. Ta ct ng s 15 (Si
Gn - Vng Tu) v ng s 4 (Si Gn - ng bng sng Cu Long), chim
c mt s mc tiu quan trng nh Trng Bom, Long Thnh, c Thnh, th
x B Ra, lm ch cn c Nc Trong. Cc sn bay Bin Ho v Tn Sn Nht
b t lit. Lc lng v trang v nhn dn vng ven Si Gn phi hp vi b i
ch lc, tin cng v ni dy, gii phng cc cn c ta ch xung quanh
thnh ph. hng ng bng sng Cu Long, b i Qun khu 8 v Qun khu
IX p st cc th x Cn Th, M Tho, khng ch sn bay Bnh Thu.
H thng ch huy ca qun ngu, t B Tng Tham mu n cc qun on u
ri lon. Trn Vn Hng phi t chc Dng Vn Minh ln thay. Nhiu
nhn vt tai to mt ln trong ngu quyn, ngu qun chun ra nc ngoi.
Dng Vn Minh l con bi cui cng M - ngu a ra dn xp vi ta hng
t ti "ngng bn".
Nh vy l qua hai ngy chin u, tnh hnh din bin tt. Ngy hm sau, 29-4,
b i ta trn nm hng c th n sng tin cng vo ni thnh Si Gn, theo
ng k hoch ra.
22 gi m hm y, ti in gi cc anh L c Th v Phm Hng: "Chin
dch bt u thng li gin gi. Chng ti tt c u phn khi, gi li chc
cc anh kho v ton thng. Nhc cc c quan tham mu, chnh tr: i i vi
mnh lnh tc chin, cn c ch th c th v nhim v, phm vi qun l thnh
ph ca tng n v xc tin k hoch pht trin thng li, tiu dit v lm tan
r qun ch ng bng sng Cu Long. C d kin iu chnh lc lng sau
217
i tng V Nguyn Gip
khi min Nam hon ton gii phng nht l nhng vic cn lm trc ma
ma".
22 gi 30 pht, ti li in tip, gi anh Tun, anh T Nguyn, ng in anh
Su, anh By: "Chuyn li B Chnh tr v B Tng t lnh gi li cho quyt
thng n ton th cn b v chin s, ng vin v on vin.
Cc ng ch hy anh dng tin ln ginh thng li cho chin dch lch s mang
tn Bc H v i".
m 28-4-1975, mt m thc trng ca c quan Tng hnh dinh. Cc ng ch
trong B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng cng khng ai ng c. Nhng
ngi nm c k hoch c th ca cuc Tng tin cng v ni dy u cng
thc vi chin trng, n gi "G" ca trn Tng cng kch vo Si Gn nh
n pht giao tha ca lch s.
Sng sm hm sau, B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng hp ti S ch huy.
Mt tm bn Si Gn - Gia nh tri rng trn bn. Cc ng ch lnh o
ngi v ng xung quanh, theo di tnh hnh chin s ang din bin.
C quan tham mu chin lc pht huy ht mi nng lc ca b my ch huy,
theo di s pht trin ca cuc Tng cng kch v ni dy tng pht, tng gi.
Anh L Hu c kp thi bo co nhng tin mi nhn c t cc ngun khc
nhau, khng chm hn thc tin ang din ra chin trng l my.
Cc mi tn c t m thm, ko di thm, tin v hng ni . Nhng
nt gch cho ln lt nh du cc mc tiu b nh chim. Hu nh mi
gi, mi khc u c tin mi a v. Nhiu chc sc ngu qun, ngu quyn b
chy ra nc ngoi, gm ngh s, cu th tng, Tng Tham mu trng. Si
Gn hn lon. Qun ch nh rn mt u. Cc nhn vin qun s v dn s M
tho chy bng my bay ln thng t sn thng mt s nh cao tng trong cuc
hnh qun Cn lc. Dng Vn Minh ra lnh ngng bn, c i din n tri
David Tn Sn Nht xin gp phi on ta trong Ban lin hip nh chin
"thng lng"!
Khng kh phn khi, si ni, ho hng bao trm cuc hp. Va nghe bo co
va trao i kin. Mi tin tc l mt s kin, mt tnh hung, cn c x tr
kp thi.
10 gi, ng ch B th th nht gi mt in khn vo chin trng:
218
i tng V Nguyn Gip
"1. Cc anh ra lnh cho qun ta tip tc tin cng vo Si Gn theo k hoch,
tin qun vi kh th hng mnh nht, gii phng v chim lnh ton b thnh
ph, tc v kh qun i ch, gii tn chnh quyn cc cp ca ch, p tan
trit mi s chng c ca chng.
2. Cng b t thnh ph Si Gn - Gia nh di quyn ca U ban qun qun
do tng Trn Vn Tr lm Ch tch. K tn: Ba".
Tin v dn dp. Cc cn b tc chin: qun bo, thng tin, c yu, qun ngh,
qun n. ang lm vic cch Si Gn gn 2.000km m ai cng thy mnh nh
ang ngay mt trn, cng ng i, ng bo tin cng v ni dy, gp sc
ginh ton thng.
Ti 29-4-75
Ti ch tr bui giao ban, nghe ng ch Cc trng Tc chin bo co tng hp
tnh hnh. Cc cnh qun ca ta trn nm hng ng lot n sng, hip ng
chin u, nh chim cc mc tiu quan trng ch yu m ca thc su vo
trung tm Si Gn.
Hng ty bc, Qun on III tiu dit cn c ng D, bt sng vin t lnh
s on L Tng B. Nhn dn vng t thp C Chi ni dy chim qun l.
hng bc, Qun on I nh chim th trn Tn Uyn, bao vy Ph Lc v
tin xung Li Thiu.
Hng ty nam, on 232 chim th x Hu Ngha, chi khu qun s c Ho,
th x Tn An, th trn Bn Lc. Nhn dn vng Hc Mn, B im v x Ph
Th Ho ni dy.
Hng ng, ch ngoan c chng c. Qun on IV tin chm. Qun on II
pht trin thun li hn. n v thc su ca Qun on II vng qua cn c
Long Bnh; ang pht trin theo xa l.
ven , cc lc lng v trang a phng v qun chng ni dy, phi hp
vi cc binh on ch lc. B i pht trin n u, vng gii phng m rng
n .
Nhn chung, ch i ph yu t, tan r nhanh, phn ln rt chy hoc u hng
khi b tin cng.
Theo k hoch, 5 gi 30 pht sng 30-4-1975, cc hng ng lot nh vo
Si Gn.
219
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ring cnh qun pha ng, anh L Trng Tn ngh cho n sng trc t 18
gi ngy 29-4. L do l cc lc lng ta cn cch vng ven t 15 n 20km,
phi va nh ch va tin qun, li phi vt sng ng Nai v sng Si Gn,
nu cng n sng s khng n kp.
in ca anh Tn n vo lc na m. Cc Tc chin nh thc ti dy. Na
gi sau, ti v anh L Hu c ti nh anh Ba.
Sau khi anh c c bc in, ti ngh chun y cho cnh qun pha ng
nh vo 18 gi chiu ngy 29-4, sm hn gi G mi hai ting.
Anh Ba ng v ni:
- nh, nh, nh thi anh ! Lc ny, cnh qun no pht trin thng li l to
thng li chung cho ton chin dch.
Ti hi:
- in k tn anh ch?
- Khng! Anh l Tng T lnh, k tn anh.
Mt thong sau, anh Ba ni thm:
- K thm tn ti cng c, hoc ni r trao i vi anh Ba v anh Ba nht
tr.
V ti Tng hnh dinh, ti vit ngay in tr li anh Tn, ng in cho anh
Dng. B T lnh chin dch H Ch Minh cng ng cnh qun pha ng
n sng sm hn k hoch.
Nh vy, trn thc t t 18 gi ngy 29-4-1975, trn tin cng Si Gn - Gia
nh bt u.
Tri v khuya. Cc Qun bo va nm c tnh hnh ch mi nht. Anh
Cao Vn Khnh in gp cho cc chin trng: "C tin ch ra lnh cho cc tu
hi qun Cn Th, ng Tm v Ph Quc tp trung mt a im, v mt
s tu b chun b i sang o Guam. 78 my bay ca ngu chuyn n
Utapao. Theo di xem tu hi qun c ch b binh theo khng v c k hoch
nh cho kp".
Li mt m na, c Tng hnh dinh cng thc vi chin trng, v min Nam,
v c nc.
***
Ngy 30-4-1975.
220
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Gn ba mi nm qua, m ngy lch s y vn hin ln m nt trong k c,

nh mi hm no.
"Nh con rng" hm nay hnh nh rng r hn trong gi xun m p. Ngi nh
c, thm sn rng v c bn con rng chu bc ln xung nh ti tn hn
mi ngy. Nhng cy ngc lan tn l sum su, to hng thm ngt.
Sm hn thng l, ti ngi vo bn lm vic S ch huy. Trn tm bn
mt bn, cc mi tn tin vo trung tm thnh ph. Ti phc ho trong
u mt chng trnh cho ngy hm y, vi bao nhiu cng vic phi lm: hi
B Chnh tr, nm thm phn ng ca M, d kin cc hot ng qun s, chnh
tr trong trng hp cha dt im c ngay, ch o tc chin v ni dy
phn t cn li sau khi Si Gn gii phng, in ng vin b i, nhc nh
chp hnh nghim cc chnh sch vo thnh.
Bt gic, ti nh li ngy ton thng in Bin Ph, ngy 7-5-1954. L tt
nhin y c rt nhiu im khc. Th nhng, cng ci khng kh phn khi
si ni S ch huy, cng nhng gi pht nao nc n tin vui t pha trc in
v, nhng suy ngh v cng vic cui v sau chin dch. V nht l cng ci
cm gic lng lng kh t, va khn trng, si ni, va ng hong, ch ng,
va lo lng ch i, va vui sng, t ho, lc ny khng cn l ca ring ai
trong ngy ton thng ca dn tc.
Anh Ba, anh Trng Chinh, anh ng cng n y sm hn thng l. Cc
anh khc trong B Chnh tr ln lt n sau, ng . B Chnh tr v Qun u
Trung ng hp theo di tnh hnh chin trng Si Gn - Gia nh, tho lun
cng vic v n tin ton thng. Anh Cao Vn Khnh, trc ban ngy hm y,
tc trc ti phng tc chin, chc chc li sang bo co tnh hnh mi nht. Cc
mi tin cng ca qun ta pht trin rt nhanh v hng trung tm thnh ph.
Mc tiu cui cng ca chin dch ti gn, ch cn tnh tng gi. Tin n
thng ct ngang cuc hp, ang pht biu phi dng li gia chng, nhng
mi ngi u vui v chp nhn.
Anh Khnh bo co: i s M Matin chun khi Si Gn lc 4 gi 15 pht
sng. Hy vng ca ng ta tho hip, m phn vi "Vit cng" tan v nh bt
x phng.
221
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Binh on thc su ca Qun on II trong cnh qun pha ng ca anh L

Trng Tn ang vt cu xa l trn sng ng Nai, dit khng ca ch
Th c pha bc cu Rch Chic. Trn a pho ca ta Nhn Trch bn
hn 300 vin n vo sn bay Tn Sn Nht. Cc n v u tin ang tin t
cu Tn Cng vo Si Gn. Qun on IV tin v H Nai. ch liu mng
chng gi. Ta tiu dit H Nai, ang tin cng s ch huy Qun on III ngu,
chun b tin vo ni .
S on 10 Qun on III ang tin vo ng t By Hin.
Qun on I nh vo Lai Kh, ph Lc, Li Thiu, ang tin vo G Vp; mt
cnh qun khc nh ch t cu Bnh Phc n cu Bnh Triu.
on 232 ang tin v hng Bit khu th v Tng nha cnh st ngu.
Trn ng s 4, qun ta chim Th Tha, th x Tn An.
Trung on 1 v Trung on 2 Gia nh p st bc sn bay Tn Sn Nht, m
hnh lang vo ng t By Hin. B i c cng chim gi cu Rch Chic, cu
xa l Bin Ho.
Lc lng v trang Bin Ho phi hp vi b i ch lc gii phng Nhn
Trch. Thnh Tuy H.
vng ven v ni , nhn dn ni dy phi hp vi b i tin cng ch.
nhiu qun, nhiu phng xm, ng bo vng ln chim n bt ch, tr s
ngu quyn. C cch mng tung bay phng Ty Nh, qun Ph Nhun t
tra ngy 29-4.
Mt cnh tng in hnh ca chin tranh nhn dn Vit Nam din ra ht sc
ho hng. Tin cng kt hp vi ni dy. Qun s, chnh tr, binh vn gip
cng. Sc mnh tng hp ca cch mng p o ngu qun, ngu quyn ang
tan r.
Trn hng ng bng sng Cu Long, cc lc lng v trang ta m sn
quanh cc mc tiu quan trng.
Bc Liu, qun ta vo th x. Sc Trng, ta ang tin cng th x v sn
bay.
B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng trao i v nhng cng vic cp thit.
Thay mt B Chnh tr, ti in vo chin trng: "U ban qun qun cng b
ngay trn i pht thanh mnh lnh u tin. Ni dung: a) Qun gii phng tin
222
i tng V Nguyn Gip
vo gii phng thnh ph Si Gn - Gia nh, hon thnh cng cuc gii
phng min Nam, b) Qun i ngu quyn Si Gn phi lp tc h v kh u
hng, c) Tuyn b gii tn chnh quyn cc cp, d) Ku gi ng bo ng dy,
cng Qun gii phng p tan mi s chng c ca ch, gi gn trt t an ninh,
bo v tnh mng, ti san ca nhn dn, hon thnh cng cuc gii phng hon
ton min Nam Vit Nam thn yu".
***
Va theo di tin k thut ca Cc 2, ti va lin lc bng v tuyn in thoi
tip sc vi B T lnh chin dch H Ch Minh. Cc cnh qun ca ta ang
tin rt nhanh. ch ang trong tnh trng v cng nguy khn.
10 gi sng. ng ch Nguyn Thanh, trng phng 70 vo bo co tin va
nhn c: Theo i pht thanh Nht Bn, Qun gii phng min Nam c xe
tng dn u ang tin vo Si Gn. My pht sau, c tin thm: Dng Vn
Minh ngh ngng bn thng lng.
Mi ngi cng ni: "Ch c u hng v iu kin. Cn g u m thng
lng!".
Ti vit ngay mt bc in, lnh cho cc cnh qun tip tc tin cng. Ni dung
bc in c c ln, tt c u nht tr. Cng lc , B T lnh chin dch
H Ch Minh cng in cho cc qun on v on 232 khng v c tin y m
dng li.
10 gi 50 pht. Cc 2 bo co qun ta vo dinh Tng thng ngu. Ngay sau
, cc i pht thanh phng Ty cng a tin ny.
11gi 30 pht. ng ch Nguyn Duy Ph, Cc ph Cc c yu mang vo
phng hp mt bc in ca anh L Trng Tn bo co: mt n v thuc cnh
qun pha ng cm c ln dinh c Lp.
Mi ngi vy quanh tm bn chin s. Tin t cc hng ti tp in v.
Nm cnh qun ca ta hp im gia Si Cn. Qun on II chim dinh Tng
thng; Qun on IV chim B Quc phng, cng Bch ng v i pht
thanh; Qun on I chim B Tng Tham mu v khu vc cc b t lnh cc
binh chng; Qun on III chim sn bay Tn Sn Nht; on 232 chim Bit
khu th v Tng nha cnh st. K hoch tc chin chin dch H Ch Minh
hon thnh thng li.
223
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Trong khng kh hn hoan, hi ngh si ni trao i v nhng bin php cui

cng. Ti in ngay vo chin trng thng bo kin ca B Chnh tr v
Qun u Trung ng: "C th dng Dng Vn Minh ku gi cc n v ca
ch h v kh, nhng khng phi vi t cch Tng thng m vi t cch mt
ngi sang hng ng nhn dn. nhn tin ta cm c ln dinh c Lp lc
11 gi. Cc anh trong B Chnh tr rt vui, rt vui"
Bc in gi i lc 12 gi 25 pht.
Hi ngh ngng hp.
Cc ng ch lnh o ra c ngoi hnh lang. Ting ci ni rn rng, vui v.
Phn khi, nghn ngo, xc ng n tlo nc mt.
Anh Ba, cc anh trong B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng, ai ny u nh n
Bc H. c m nc nh c lp, thng nht m Bc hng mong thnh s
tht, nhng Ngi i xa! ng bo, chin s min Nam khng cn c n
Bc vo thm. Mi ngi ngh n bit bao ng ch, ng i, ng bo ng
xung, khng c thy gi pht khi hon. Ngay trong chin dch cui cng,
bao nhiu cn b, chin s vnh vin ra i trc ngy ton thng.
Ti ch th cho Cc Tuyn hun thuc Tng cc Chnh tr in ngay cho Vit
Nam Thng tn x v i Ting ni Vit Nam kp thi truyn tin thng li, v
chun b vit thng co chin thng. Ch mi lm pht sau, i ngng bui
pht thanh thng l, pht i pht li nhng dng tin phn khi m mun vn
con tim Vit Nam n i: chin dch H Ch Minh ton thng. Ln vo ting
loa phng thanh, ting reo h, hoan h chin thng vang dy khp ph phng.
12 gi 50 pht.
Ti S ch huy, c mt Thiu tng Cao Vn Khnh, Ph Tng Tham mu
trng, i t L Hu c, Cc trng Cc tc chin, i t Nguyn Trng
Yn v Thng t Phm Ch Nhn, Cc trng v Ph Cc trng Cc Tuyn
hun. Khng ai ch n ngh ngi, cm nc. c sng trong gi pht lch
s ca dn tc, ai cng mun c ghi li hnh nh k nim v gi ny.
Trc tm bn thnh ph Si Gn - Gia nh, mi ngi ng dy, chm
ch nhn theo hng tay ti ch.
224
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Thng u Nguyn Tin Tr, cn b bo v thng xuyn i vi ti, nh nhip

nh nghip d vi chic my nh hiu Kiev, bm lin ba kiu gc thch
hp nht.
***
Bui chiu, B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng tip tc hp.
M u, Hi ngh nghe qua dy ghi m ting ni u hng ca Tng thng ngu
Dng Vn Minh:
"Ti l Dng Vn Minh, Tng thng ca chnh quyn Si Gn.
Ti ku gi b v kh u hng v iu kin Qun gii phng, gii tn c cu
chnh quyn t trung ng n a phng v giao quyn cho Chnh ph Cch
mng lm thi Cng ho min Nam Vit Nam".
Tip l i biu Qun gii phng chp nhn s u hng ca Dng Vn
Minh.
Hi ngh tip tc tho lun v cng vic sp ti v nu ln nhng vn s bn
trong cuc hp B Chnh tr ngy 3-5, chun b Ban Chp hnh Trung ng
ng hp hi ngh ton th.
Gn cui bui hp, mi ngi nghe c hai bc in ca cc anh L c Th,
Phm Hng, Vn Tin Dng va nhn c, trong cc anh ni r: Dng
Vn Minh u hng, cc cnh qun ca ta tip tc pht trin theo k hoch.
Ta ku gi qun ch np v kh.
Cc tnh ng bng sng Cu Long si sc ni dy, lt ngu quyn, lp
chnh quyn cch mng.
Hi ngh nht tr gi ra pha trc bc in khen: "B Chnh tr Trung ng
ng nhit lit khen ngi qun v dn Si Gn - Gia nh, khen ngi ton th
cn b v chin s, ng vin v on vin thuc cc n v b i ch lc, b
i a phng, b i c bit tinh nhu, dn qun t v chin u cc k
anh dng, lp chin cng chi li, tiu dit v lm tan r lc lng ln qun
ch, buc ngu quyn Si Gn phi u hng khng iu kin, gii phng
thnh ph Si Gn - Gia nh, a chin dch mang tn Bc H v i n ton
thng.
Ton th cc ng ch hy nu cao tinh thn quyt thng, cng ng bo tip tc
tin cng v ni dy, gii phng hon ton min Nam thn yu ca T quc"(1).
225
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Cc anh trong B Chnh tr ra v. Cc ng ch trong Thng trc Qun u ngi

li trao i, chun b cho cuc hp ca Qun u Trung ng d nh tin hnh
vo ngy 2-5. Ti nhc thm mt s cng tc cn ch lm tht tt, nht l vic
qun l vng mi gii phng, c bit cc thnh ph ln, va xy dng chnh
quyn cch mng va truy qut tn binh, bt gi bn phn ng u s, gi
vng trt t tr an, bo v ti sn, tnh mng ca dn v ti sn cng cng, n
nh i sng.
Mi cn b, chin s phi! mt cn b dn vn, bit pht ng nhn dn cng
vi b i v cc lc lng cch mng lm ch a bn. Ti cng lu B
Tng Tham mu gii quyt s qun ch ng bng sng Cu Long v cc
o Cn Sn, Ph Quc, n anh ch em t chnh tr tr v. Vic xy dng v
iu chnh lc lng trong iu kin t nc thng nht v s lng rt ln
trang b k thut ca ch va thu c cng phi khn trng nghin cu
xut vi B Chnh tr v Qun u.
Mt tri khut bng sau rng cy x c trn ng Hong Diu. H Ni
ln n.
Cn li mt mnh trong phng lm vic vi nim vui no nc, m sao nc mt
ti c tro ra.
"Gi nh cn Bc".
T tng cch mng v t tng qun s ca Bc mang v thng li trn vn
cho s nghip gii phng dn tc. Cu th xun "nh cho M ct, nh cho
ngu nho" vch ng i nc bc c thng li hm nay.
Ti ln xe i mt vng quanh H Ni. C mt rng c hoa dy ln t lc no.
Ngi i cht ph, cht ng, vui nh try hi. m nay, Th t pho hoa
mng ton thng. m nay, H Ni, c nc vui vi Si Gn, vui vi min
Nam.
***
Tr li ca ty, ti vo S ch huy tip tc lm vic.
Hnh nh cc anh lnh o, ch huy b i chin trng lc ny hin v r nt.
Chc cc anh nhiu m khng ng. Chc cc anh cng hn hoan, xc ng
nh chng ti ngoi ny. Di s ch huy ca cc anh, qun ta "tin vo
Si Gn!" ca vang cu ht: "ng bo i, ta v y" ca nhc s Lu Hu
226
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Phc, nh ngy no b i ta t nm ca tin v gii phng Th H Ni,

ca vang bi ht ca nhc s Vn Cao.
Trong in gi anh Vn Tin Dng v cc ng ch trong B T lnh chin dch
H Ch Minh, thay mt Qun u Trung ng, ti tuyn dng cng trng cc
lc lng v trang ta cng ng bo Tng tin cng v ni dy, gii phng
Si Gn - Gia nh, ginh thng li vang di, lm nc lng qun v dn c nc
v b bn nm chu.
Mt khun mt tru mn, thn quen cht hin ln trong ti: Trung tng L
Trng Tn, ngi ch huy cnh qun u tin tin vo dinh Tng thng ngu
quyn. Ti vit ngay mt bc in vt ra ngoi khun php thng thng v
qun s: "18 gi 30 pht. Anh Tn i! Lm n tt qu! Phn khi qu! Chc cc
anh rt kho v chuyn li mng chin thng ca mnh cho cc tng trong .
K tn: Vn".
Sau ny c bit: Khi nghe bo co qun ta chim dinh c Lp, Dng
Vn Minh phi tuyn b u hng, c S ch huy chin dch H Ch Minh reo
mng trong nim vui chin thng. Khng cn l chuyn bt ng m ai ny u
gin gia nc mt, sit cht tay nhau, phn khi, t ho. Cc anh L c Th,
Phm Hng, Vn Tin Dng xc ng m hn mi ngi. Anh inh c
Thin, vui tnh l th, m gi li l ngi khc ra ting to nht. Anh Trn Vn
Tr, i mt hoe, nghn ngo sung sng. Ring anh Phm Hng, m phanh
chic o b ba, va ci to va bnh lun sng khoi, va ra lnh chun b tip
qun Si Gn.
***
Sng ngy 1-5-1975.
Ngy Quc t Lao ng mang thm ngha ngy chin thng. Tnh giai cp ho
quyn trong tnh dn tc, lm ni bt mt nt p trong t tng cch mng ca
Bc H.
Ti S ch huy, B Tng Tham mu bo co tnh hnh ng bng sng Cu
Long v cc o cn li. Khi bit tin Dng Vn Minh tuyn b u hng,
phn ln cc tnh, lc lng v trang ta kt hp vi qun chng ni dy, s
lng c ni c ti hng vn ngi nh Tr Vinh, Sc Trng, C Mau, tin
cng mnh vo ngu qun, ngu quyn c s, buc chng phi u hng.
227
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Cn Th, m 29-4, S on 4 tin cng hai sn bay Bnh Thu v Tr Nc,

Tiu on Ty , Tiu on 303 kt hp tc chin vi binh vn tin cng S
ch huy ch trong thnh ph. Nguyn Khoa Nam, T lnh Vng IV chin thut
t st. Chiu 30-4, tnh Cn Th c gii phng.
Vnh Long, Tr Vinh, mc d b qun v dn ta tin cng, uy hip, m 29 v
sng 30-4, mt b phn qun ch y cn chng tr quyt lit. n 17 gi
chiu 30-4, Tnh trng Vnh Long v S on trng S on 9 ngu phi u
hng. Vi hai tiu on v lc lng qun chng c cc s si tham gia rt ng
o, ta gii phng Tr Vinh trong ngy 30-4.
Sau khi chim c cc thnh ph, th x quan trng, ta kp thi a lc
lng tin su vo cc vng ng bo cc tn gio nh Long Xuyn, Chu c,
Sa c, bc hng nhiu n bt ch. cc vng nng thn Nam B, hng trm
chi khu, phn chi khu qun s, hng ngn n bt ca ch tan r, u hng
trc ln sng tin cng v ni dy ca qun v dn cc a phng. C vng
chu th sng Tin, sng Hu c gii phng.
Ti Cn Sn, ngy 30-4 v 1-5-1975, nhng ngi cch mng b ch giam cm
y ni dy ph nh lao, gii phng o: Cc lc lng ti ch Ph Quc
kt hp vi anh ch em t chnh tr trong cc tri giam tin cng v ni dy gii
phng o trc khi lc lng ta t t lin ra ti ni. Cho n ngy 2-5-1975,
trn ton min Nam sch bng qun th.
Chin dch H Ch Minh ton thng. Cuc Tng tin cng v ni dy, trn quyt
chin chin lc cui cng ca qun v dn ta ton thng.
***
i thng ma Xun 1975 l kt qu rc r ca vic thc hin ba n chin
lc: Chin dch Ty Nguyn, chin dch Hu - Nng, chin dch H Ch
Minh, kt hp vi cc mi tin cng qun s, chnh tr, binh vn si ni ca
qun v dn min Nam ngay t u v trong c qu trnh T)ng tin cng v ni
dy. Cn phi k n hai mi tin cng ngoi k hoch: l s hnh thnh v
chin u dng mnh, thn tc ca cnh qun pha ng, thc y tnh hnh
chin trng pht trin mau l, kp thi tng cng lc lng cho trn chin u
quyt nh dit ch so huyt cui cng. l mi tin cng sc bn trn
vng lnh hi, nhanh chng gii phng qun o Trng Sa v cc o ven
228
i tng V Nguyn Gip
bin, hon thnh trn vn nhim v gii phng min Nam. y, cc n tin
cng qun s mnh mang ngha quyt nh. Cc cuc ni dy ca nhn dn
si ni, rng khp, mun hnh mun ve l n chin lc ht sc li hi, tin
cng ch khp ni, lm cho thng li n nhanh.
Mt s trng hp lch s th v din ra: Hai cuc khng chin thn thnh ca
dn tc trong th k XX cng kt thc bng cuc chin u 55 ngy m. Nu
nh in Bin Ph, 56 ngy m l thi gian cn thit cho mt trn tin cng
di ngy vo mt tp on c im kin c theo phng chm "nh chc tin
chc", th 55 ngy m Tng tin cng v ni dy min Nam li l bc kt
thc chin tranh khng ngng rt ngn, khn trng, "thn tc", nhanh n
khng ng!
D ngn hay di, thi gian vn l lc lng, chiu 1-5, ti tranh th thm Cc
Tc chin, c quan trc tip phc v ch huy qun s, trong khng kh tng
bng, phn khi. Hu nh tt c mi ngi trong c quan u c mt. Mt trng
pho di n vang cho mng tin ton thng. Ti hi thm anh Hong Vn Thi,
v bn khng n d, m hn anh Cao Vn Khnh, cc cn b tham mu, cc
nhn vin mt m, nh my, thng tin. Ti ni: "Qua 30 nm lnh o, ch huy
qun i, ln ny ti thy cng tc tham mu c tin b vt bc. T k hoch
tc chin n nm ch, nm ta, truyn t mnh lnh, u chnh xc, kp thi.
Xin cm n tt c cc ng ch". Tip , ti sang thm Cc Tuyn hun, c
quan gip Qun u v B Tng t lnh trong cng tc lnh o, ng vin, gio
dc t tng cho b i v tuyn truyn, bo ch. Anh L Quang o, thay mt
Tng cc Chnh tr v ton c quan tuyn hun n tip rt nng nhit. y,
sau khi khen ngi nhng kt qu thu c trn mt trn t tng v d lun, ti
nhc li tinh thn li dy ca Bc H: Thng li tuy ln nhng mi ch l mt
bc trn con ng vn dm ca cch mng, tuyt i khng c t mn, ch
quan.
V thi gian c hn, ti ch thm c hai c quan gip vic thng xuyn cho
B Tng t lnh v Qun u Trung ng. Cng vic chun b cho cuc hp
Qun u v cuc hp ca B Chnh tr trong cc ngy tip theo khng cho php
i nhiu. Trong thm tm, ti mun n thm tt c cc c quan Tng hnh
229
i tng V Nguyn Gip
dinh, v trong chin cng tp th v i ny, t chc no, c nhn no cng c

phn ng gp. Ti mun m tt c cc ng ch vo lng.
***
My ngy sau, ti cng anh Ba vo thm min Nam hon ton gii phng. Qun
sao c nim vui mng phn khi khi t chn tr li trn thnh ph mang tn
Bc, xc cm trc cnh hn hoan mng chin thng ca ng bo, ng ch
trn ph phng cn nguyn vn, tng nh c n Bc tr v t ni Ngi
ra i.
Chng ti v thm cc c s cch mng Si Gn, Bin Ho, Cn Th, Rch
Gi, nhng chic ni nui dng, ch che cho bao cn b kin trung i lm
cch mng khng hn c ngy v. Vui mng, xc ng, anh Ba gii thiu cc
Ba, cc M nui anh nhng ngy hot ng b mt trong lng ch. Trc
cnh c ngi xa, ti bi hi nh li nhng ln vo Nam thc hin cc nhim
v cch mng c giao. Nm 1929, vi t cch phi vin ca Tng b Tn
Vit v nhm cng sn trong Tn Vit, ti n Si Gn vi nhim v chuyn k
b Tn Vit sang hng ng cng sn. Sau , nm 1935, ti li vo gp nhm
ng vin hot ng na cng khai, nhn ti liu ca ng Dng i hi
mang ra H Ni. Tm n cc c s c th hu ht khng cn na. Nhiu n
nhn ca cch mng khng cn c thy ngy khi hon ca dn tc.
Tip , ti n thm cc binh on ch lc, cc n v c cng, bit ng, cc
n v b i a phng.
Nhng "Anh b i C H" va lm nn k tch, nhng ht sc gian d, thn
tnh. Ti khen ngi chin cng ca cn b, chin s, lng bi ngi thng tic
bao ng ch, ng i va ng xung T quc trng tn.
Ti cng n quan st B Tng Tham mu qun i ngu. Ti phng lm
vic ca Tng Tham mu trng, ti ch n t lch ngy 28 thng 4 cn bc
d.
Trong phng trin lm v kh, nhiu loi v kh trang b hin i u c trng
by. Trn mt tm bn ng Dng chi cht nhng du chm xanh, , nh
du nhng ni m v kh, trang b in t pht hin cc cn c ca ta, nht l
trn ng vn chuyn chin lc Trng Sn. Cm tng su sc nht ca ti
l: v kh k thut M d hin i n u cng khng th cu k th khi tht
230
i tng V Nguyn Gip
bi. Quyt nh thng li l con ngi Vit Nam yu nc, dng cm, thng
minh.
231
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ch thch:
232
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Chng 10
I DNG SUY NGM
Ti mun dnh nhng trang cui ca tp hi c ny suy ngm v cuc

trng chinh 30 nm gii phng dn tc v bo v T quc ca nhn dn ta di
ngn c v vang ca ng. Cng nhn su v qu kh cng thy r tng lai.
Ngy ton thng 30-4-1975 i vo lch s.
Trong qu trnh cch mng Vit Nam t khi c ng, ba "ci mc chi li bng
vng": Tng khi ngha Thng Tm, in Bin Ph v ma Xun 1975 i
thng mi mi sng ngi trong s sch. Nhn dn Vit Nam lm nn cu
chuyn thn k tng chng nh khng th lm -c gia th k XX. Ln u
tin trong lch s, mt dn tc vn l thuc a, na phong kin, kinh t km
pht trin, nh thng nhng cng quc quc ch ngha ch yu bng sc
ca chnh mnh, nu mt tm gng anh dng, bt khut, tr tu, ti nng trc
ton th gii.
Thin anh hng ca thng Php, thng M vang vng mi trn non sng t nc
ta, trn khp cc chu lc.
Vinh quang i i thuc v nhn dn Vit Nam anh hng, thuc v ng Cng
sn Vit Nam quang vinh, b tham mu cch mng dng cm, sng sut, dn
dy kinh nghim lnh o chin tranh n ngy ton thng.
T quc Vit Nam ghi cng cc Anh hng lit s, nhng ngi con yu qu x
thn v dn, v nc, "quyt t cho T quc quyt sinh".
Lch s ghi nhn cng u thuc v Ch tch H Ch Minh v i, ngi anh
hng gii phng dn tc, nh chin lc thin ti, nh vn ho kit xut, ngi
Cha thn yu ca cc lc lng v trang nhn dn Vit Nam.
Thng li ca nhn dn ta cng l thng li ca nhn dn cc nc anh em, ca
loi ngi tin b trn ton th gii nhit tnh ng h, ht lng gip cuc
chin u chnh ngha ca Vit Nam chng chin tranh xm lc ca ch ngha
quc.
233
i tng V Nguyn Gip
T chin thng v i ma Xun 1975 n nay, ba mi nm tri qua. Nhn

loi bc vo th k XXI v thin nin k mi. vo thi im quan trng
ny, cn nhn li qu kh ho hng ca dn tc vi nn vn hin Vit Nam v
nhng v cng oanh lit, n li chng ng chin u 30 nm di s lnh o
ng n, sng to ca ng v ca Bc H rt ra nhng bi hc dng nc
v gi nc cho ngy nay v mai sau.
Mt cu hi lu nay khng t ngi t ra: V u nhn dn Vit Nam, t
khng mt tc st trong tay, vng ln b gy gng xing n l, li nh thng
"hai quc to trong mt cuc chin tranh khng cn sc, ginh li non sng
t nc, tin ln gii phng x hi, gii phng con ngi?
S khng tm c cu tr li cho cu hi ny nu khng nhn su vo chiu
dy lch s xa xa, vo nn vn ho dn tc, vo truyn thng v di sn qun s
ca t tin, vo ng li cch mng Vit Nam di s lnh o ca ng.
Tht vy, mt s kin him thy trong lch s th gii l cc b tc ngi Vit
c sinh sng trn mnh t ny sm c mt trit l sng, hnh thnh v pht
trin mt nn vn ho dn tc m ht nhn l ch ngha yu nc, tinh thn u
tranh bt khut lm ch thin nhin, lm ch x hi, c kt vi nhau, tng
thn tng i, va dng cm va thng minh. Chnh nh sc mnh khn lng
ca nn vn ho y m di ch h hn mt nghn nm ca phong kin
phng Bc, dn tc ta khng h b ng ho v cui cng vng ln ginh li
nn c lp. Cho n khi v t Trung hng u tin l Anh hng dn tc Ng
Quyn nh thng qun Nam Hn trn sng Bch ng, th k nguyn mt
nghn nm c lp t ch c m ra, ch gin on bng 20 nm h ca
qun Minh. Sut trong mt nghn nn y, dn tc ta di triu i ca cc v vua
yu nc nh thng mi k ch xm lc ln mnh hn nhiu ln, t Tng,
Nguyn n Minh, Thanh. c bit trong th k XIII, dn tc ta ba ln nh
thng qun Nguyn Mng l i qun xm lc kht ting tng chinh phc
nhiu dn tc t u sang , chim lnh c lc a Trung Hoa. "Nam quc
sn h nam c". H k th ng n nc ta th "vua ti ng lng, anh em
ho mc, ca nc chung sc, trm h l binh", gi vng qu hng bo v x
tc. T Hch tng s n Bnh Ng i co, mt hc thuyt qun s
234
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Vit Nam hnh thnh v pht trin: "Ly i ngha thng hung tn, ly ch
nhn thay cng bo", "ly t ch nhiu", "ly nh thng ln ". Hc thuyt y
bit vn dng php bin chng i yu thnh mnh, kt hp lc th, thi,
mu, cui cng t ti nguyn vng su xa l ginh li v gi vng ch quyn
dn tc vi nhng t tng vt thi i: "dp tt mun i chin tranh", "em
li thi bnh mun thu".
n y, mt cu hi mi li c t ra: Vy th v sao mt dn tc anh hng
nh dn tc Vit Nam li phi sng kip nga tru hn 100 nm di ch thng
tr ca thc dn quc phng Ty?
R rng l c khng t nguyn nhn a n mt thi k en ti trong lch s
t nc, trong phi k n cc chnh sch sai lm i ngc li li ch dn
tc ca triu nh nh Nguyn. Nhng suy cho cng, nguyn nhn ch yu l s
khng hong v ng li vo thi im m tng quan lc lng gia ta v
ch c nhng thay i c bn: nc ta ang phng thc sn xut phong
kin, kinh t nng nghip lc hu, qun i trang b th s, cn k ch l mt
nc i vo phng thc sn xut t bn ch ngha vi nn cng nghip hin
i v qun i c trang b hin i.
Trc thc tin mi ca cuc u tranh, nhng ngi yu nc Vit Nam hi
by gi cha tm c k sch cu nc. Cc phong tro yu nc t Nguyn
Trung Trc n Hong Hoa Thm, t Cn Vng n ng Kinh Ngha Thc,
t ng Du n Duy Tn u b tc, khng tm ra li thot. Chnh v th m
tinh thn anh dng c tha, nhng cc phong tro khi ngha v ni dy t Nam
ch Bc u b n p d man. Cc lnh t yu nc ch "thnh nhn" m s
nghip cu nc cha "thnh cng" c.
Cho n nm 1911, ngi thanh nin Nguyn Tt Thnh quyt ch ra i tm
ng cu nc. Mang trong mnh hnh trang t tng truyn thng yu nc
v tinh thn u tranh bt khut ca dn tc Vit Nam cng vi tinh hoa vn ho
phng ng, Ngi i khp bn bin nm chu vi ch ln gii phng nhng
"ngi cng kh". Nm 1920, Nguyn i Quc - nh yu nc v i - n
vi ch ngha Lnin v Quc t th ba, tm ra con ng cu nc: con ng
cch mng v sn, v tr thnh ngi Cng sn Vit Nam u tin.
235
i tng V Nguyn Gip
T dn tc gn lin vi giai cp, quc gia gn lin vi quc t, c lp

dn tc gn lin vi ch ngha x hi. T ch ngha Mc-Lmn, Nguyn i
Quc tip thu th gii quan v nhn sinh quan cch mng, tip thu v pht trin
phng php lun Mc - Lnin, phng php duy vt lch s v duy vt bin
chng.
Vi mc tiu cch mng mi, cuc u tranh yu nc khng nhng mang li
c lp, thng nht cho T quc m cn mang li t do v hnh phc cho giai
cp cng nhn v nhn dn lao ng, cho ton dn. Cuc chin tranh gii phng
tr thnh cuc chin tranh ton dn, mt cuc chin tranh chnh ngha "v
dn" v "do dn" c sc mnh v cng to ln qut ng mi k th. Vi "Chnh
cng vn tt", "Sch lc vn tt" v "Li ku gi nhn ngy thnh lp ng",
ng li cu nc phi l "ng Kch mnh", ng tin phong l ng
Cng sn Vit Nam. Tri qua nhng nm thng u tranh, ng li cch mng
c hon chnh vo nm 1941, khi ng t vn gii phng dn tc ln
trn ht, on kt mi lc lng yu nc trong mt trn Vit Minh, pht ng
v trang khi ngha, a Cch mng Thng Tm n thng li.
Trn c s ng li cch mng ca ng, hc thuyt qun s Vit Nam
pht trin vt bc, gii quyt thnh cng trong iu kin ca thi i mi vn
ct li hu nh mt nghch l: "ly nh thng ln", "ly t ch nhiu.
Hc thuyt qun s Vit Nam lun nm vng mc tiu cch mng, ch ngha
Mc - Lnin v t tng H Ch Minh, xut pht t thc tin, phn tch tnh
hnh thc tin, tm ra quy lut v hnh ng theo quy lut, nh thng mi k
ch hung bo. Hc thuyt y lun theo di din bin mau l v so snh lc
lng gia ch v ta trn chin trng, tm ra v to thi c c li nht cho ta,
to th mnh ca ta, khot su th yu ca ch, tp trung lc lng tiu dit
ch. Khi tnh hnh thay i th kp thi thay i quyt sch v chin lc, chin
thut, tch cc ch ng, c ng, linh hot, b mt, bt ng, ginh c thng
li ln nht, thng l trong nhng iu kin kh khn nht.
Pht huy n mc cao nht tinh thn "quyt chin quyt thng", "Khng c g
qu hn c lp, t do", khi dy ngh lc sng to v ti thao lc ca mi
ngi v ca ton dn tc, pht trin n nh cao tr tu Vit Nam, qun v dn
ta lm nn nhng chin cng hin hch tng chng nh huyn thoi.
236
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Kin nh mc tiu cch mng, vn dng th gii quan, quan im thc tin,
phung php lun Mc - Lnin v t tng H Ch Minh l bi hc mang tnh
cch mng v khoa hc, c ngha to ln ca hc thuyt qun s Vit Nam
trong thi i H Ch Minh. Lm ng theo bi hc th thnh cng. Khng
lm theo bi hc th sai lm, tht bi.
Cn nh nhng ngy u thng 8-1945, Ch tch H Ch Minh thy r thi c
ln n. Ngi quyt nh nht thit phi hp Quc dn i hi vo trung
tun thng 8, d cc i biu cha v . Ngy 13-8-1945, Trung ng ng ra
lnh Tng khi ngha, a Cch mng Thng Tm n thnh cng Th H
Ni v trong c nc ch trong vng mt tun l. Nc Vit Nam dn ch cng
ho ra i.
Tri qua chn nm khng chin lu di, gian kh chng quc Php xm lc,
ti mt trn in Bin Ph, khi thc tin chin trng thay i, chng ta h
quyt tm chuyn t phng chm "nh nhanh thng nhanh" sang phng
chm "nh chc tin chc".
T k hoch tiu dit ch trong ba m hai ngy sang k hoch chin u lin
tc trong 56 ngy m. Quyt tm thay i phng chm y c Bc H v
B Chnh tr ph chun. Cui cng, qun v dn ta tiu dit tp on c im
mnh nht ca quc Php c M gip sc, mt pho i m Php v M
u cho l "bt kh xm phm".
Trong cuc khng chin chng M ko di 21 nm tri, cuc Tng tin cng v
ni dy ma Xun nm 1975 l mt in hnh thnh cng ca hc thuyt qun
s Vit Nam. Theo di s pht trin cc k mau l ca tnh hnh ch, ta trn
chin trng, B thng soi ti cao c nhng quyt nh kp thi khi thi c
mi xut hin, chuyn k hoch c bn gii phng min Nam t hai n ba nm
lc u sang k hoch thi c, rt xung mt nm ri quyt nh kt thc trc
ma ma, ch trong vng cha y hai thng, ginh c thng li hon ton v
trn vn.
c lp v t ch, thng minh v sng to, l nt ni bt ca hc thuyt qun
s Vit Nam.
Trong lch s ng cha ta nh gic, nht l t thi L, Trn v sau, cc bc tin
nhn c nhiu sch ca cc nh chin lc qun s Trung Hoa c, nhng
237
i tng V Nguyn Gip
khng phi lc no cng ch trng "nh mau gii quyt mau" hoc phi c
lc lng gp ch mi ln mi tin cng. Trong nhng nm khng chin va
qua, cc tng lnh Vit Nam tip thu tinh hoa qun s th gii, nhng nh th
theo cch nh Vit Nam. Chnh v th m chng ta thng.
Nm 1971, ti sang Lin X khng nh quyt tm nh M n thng li hon
ton v ngh bn c s gip c bit. Ti cuc hp vi cc ng ch trong
B Chnh tr ng Cng sn Lin X, ng ch Cxghin hi: "Ti xin hi
ng ch Gip. ng ch ni Vit Nam nh thng M. Ti mun bit cc ng
ch c bao nhiu s on b binh c gii v M c bao nhiu? Xe tng, pho
hng nng, my bay chin u, cc ng ch c bao nhiu v M c bao nhiu?
Kh nng v phng khng, v tn la, v thng tin, raa ca cc ng ch nh
th no? Xin ng ch ni qua cho ti bit". Ti tr li: "Ti hiu cu hi ca
ng ch. ng ch mun bit v vn so snh lc lng gia chng ti vi
M. Theo hc thuyt qun s Xvit l nh vy. Hc thuyt qun s Xvit l
ht sc u vit, chin thng pht xt c. iu rt r rng. Nhng, ti xin
ni nu chng ti nh theo cch nh ca cc ng ch th chng ti khng
ng ni c hai ting ng h. Chng ti nh theo cch nh khc, cch
nh ca Vit Nam, v chng ti s thng". Sau ngy, ton thng, c dp tr li
Lin X, gp li ng ch Cxghin, ti cm n Lin X nhit tnh gip
Vit Nam nh M. ng ch vui v ni: "Vit Nam thng to qu, nh th tt
qu! Xin chc mng cc ng ch".
Mt vn c tnh quy lut ca chin tranh nhn dn Vit Nam l: Ton dn
nh gic. C nc nh Php, nh M, khng phn bit tin tuyn, hu
phng. ch thng nht T quc l th v lc mnh trong chin tranh. Nc
Vit Nam l mt. Dn tc Vit Nam l mt. Chin trng Vit Nam l mt. C
dn tc kt thnh mt khi trong tnh ng bo cng chung ging ni Hng Lc,
khng th ct chia. Th nh n nc l chung ca c dn tc. C nc vng ln
p tan xch xing, lm nn Cch mng Thng Tm. Gic Php quay li xm
lc Nam B, min Bc, min Trung xung phong Nam tin. Bc B l chin
trng chnh, Trung B v Nam B phi hp ht mnh. Min Nam l tin tuyn
ln, ni "trc tip quyt nh" thng li, min Bc l hu phng ln, c vai tr
"quyt nh nht". Di ma bom M, min Bc kin cng nh tr, chi vin
238
i tng V Nguyn Gip
sc ngi, sc ca, tt c v min Nam rut tht. C nc v min Nam, min

Nam v c nc. Min Nam gi, min Bc tr li. K th ng n min Bc
mt, min Nam nh cho chng gp nm, gp mi ln. Con s hn mt triu
cn b, chin s qu min Bc "x dc Trng Sn i cu nc", trong hng
chc vn ngi vnh vin nm li trn chin trng l mt biu trng chi
li.
Trong nhng nm khng chin chng Php, chng M, cng c lc, do
khng nm vng ng li qun s ca ng v t tng qun s H Ch
Minh, khng i st thc tin v khng lm theo quy lut, ch quan, duy ch,
nn hn ch khng t thng li v chu nhiu tn tht.
c mt thi gian, mi quan h gia chin tranh du kch v chin tranh chnh
quy l ti tranh lun ko di trong cc cn b qun s chin trng. Mt s
ng ch nhn thc khng ng, ch ch trng y mnh u tranh chnh tr,
chin tranh du kch, ch chm lo xy dng lc lng chnh tr, lc lng v
trang a phng v dn qun du kch, coi nh xy dng b i ch lc. Mt s
nh chin lc nc ngoi nghin cu v Vit Nam cng thng cho rng chin
tranh nhn dn ng ngha vi chin tranh du kch. l nhng nhn thc hon
ton sai tri. ng ta khng bao gi c mt chin lc qun s thun tu, v
cng cha bao gi hn ch chin tranh mc chin tranh du kch. Chin
lc chin tranh cch mng ca ng l mt chin lc tng hp, kt hp u
tranh qun s, u tranh chnh tr, u tranh ngoi giao, kt hp chin tranh du
kch vi chin tranh chnh quy, kt hp nh nh, nh va, nh ln. Trong
khi y mnh u tranh chnh tr, pht trin chin tranh du kch, ng ta lun
coi trng xy dng b i ch lc thnh nhng binh on mnh t tiu on,
trung on, s on n qun on, tr thnh nhng "qu m thp" sc
ging cho ch nhng n tiu dit ln, quyt nh chin trng.
Li nh do khng nm vng quy lut ca khi ngha v chin tranh nn c
ch trng kt hp vi tng cng kch, tin hnh tng khi ngha trong chin
tranh ngay khi trn chin trng cn hn na triu qun M v hn mt triu
qun ngu v qun cc nc ph thuc. Cuc Tng tin cng v ni dy Xun
Mu Thn (1968) li mt bi hc su sc v khuyt im ny.
239
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Trn tng tin cng bt ng v ng lot nh vo cc th v hu ht cc cn

c hu cn ln ca ch ginh thng li vang di, nh bi chin lc "chin
tranh cc b", buc M phi xung thang chin tranh. L ra phi chuyn hng
hot ng v nng thn, nhng chng ta li ch trng tip tc tin cng vo
cc th nhm dy ln tng khi ngha, cui cng tng khi ngha vn khng
din ra, cch mng phi chu nhiu tn tht.
Mt v d khc do lm sai quy lut nn phi tr gi bng xng mu. Cch
mng l tin cng. T tng chin lc ca chin tranh cch mng bao gi cng
l t tng tin cng. Cn hnh thc tc chin th c tc chin tin cng, tc
chin phng ng k c v chin lc chin ch v chin u. Tuy nhin, do
nhn thc khng ng nn trong mt thi gian di, mt s cn b cho rng trong
chin tranh ch c ng li tin cng, ph nhn phng ng, thm ch coi phng
ng l iu cm k. V vy m trong mt s trn nh, b i b thng vong.
Trong nhng nm gn y, M v mt s cng quc pht trin v kh v trang
b hin i. Cuc chy ua v trang vn ang tip tc. i i vi s xut hin
ca mt chin lc mi, t "nhn quyn" ln trn "ch quyn", mt s th lc
hiu chin t cho php xm lc mt quc gia c lp v c ch quyn, bt
chp lut php quc t.
Sau chin tranh vng Vnh (1991), va qua li din ra cuc chin tranh xm
lc Kosovo. Mt iu mi t ra: Trong iu kin chin tranh xm lc vi v
kh cng ngh cao, th hc thuyt qun s Vit Nam cn c gi tr hay khng?
Chng ta khng bao gi ch quan khinh ch, lun coi trng y mnh cng tc
nghin cu khoa hc v k thut, qun s, pht trin hc thuyt qun s ln
nhng bc mi. V chng ta c th khng nh ngay rng: Hc thuyt qun s
Vit Nam trong thi i H Ch Minh hon ton c kh nng gi vng nn c
lp ch quyn v ton vn lnh th ca t nc, nh bi mi cuc chin tranh
xm lc bt k t u ti.
***
Nn vn ho Vit Nam, ng li cch mng ng n ca ng, hc thuyt
qun s Vit Nam c o, sng to khng ngng pht trin l, sc mnh ca
Vit Nam trong thi i H Ch Minh.
Hiu c iu c bn y, s gii p c cc cu hi t ra.
240
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Sau ngy qun v dn ta p tan cuc tp kch bng khng qun chin lc B52
ca M, nh s hc Php Pie Risa Phray ni. rt ng: "Nhng tn la
SAM c s dng bi t tng ly nh thng ln, bi nn vn ho Vit Nam,
bi "t cht Vit Nam" (la Vietnamit) theo chng ti chnh l cha kho m
ca thng li ca Vit Nam"(1).
Khng hiu c iu , k th chuc ly tht bi cng l l tt nhin.
Kennedy con (J.F.K Junior) khi cn sng sang thm Vt Nam vi thin ch
tm hiu su v sai lm ca cha mnh i vi t nc ho bnh v hu ngh ny.
Sau khi thm Pc B v, anh ta bn khon khng hiu v sao trong nhng ngy
gian kh y, sng ni hang hoang s m nhng ngi Vit Nam li c th tin
s c thng li hm nay? Hn na li thng ngay khi Php v M c nhng c
gng chin tranh cao nht. Khi nghe ti ni qua v nn vn ho v lch s Vit
Nam, anh ta vui mng tht s nh c v l ra, iu m Kennedy cha v con
trc y khng h hay bit.
Thng 11-1995, theo ngh ca pha M, ti tip ng Rbt Mc Namara,
nguyn B trng Quc phng di thi hai tng thng Kennedy v Ginxn,
mt trong nhng kin trc s ca chin tranh xm lc Vit Nam.
Trong cu chuyn, ti nhn xt:
- Trong cun hi tng ca ngi (2) c mt iu m ti cho l ng. l M
nh Vit Nam m khng hiu g v lch s, a l, vn ho, phong tc, tp
qun, v con ngi Vit Nam, dn tc Vit Nam ni chung v nhng ngi lnh
o Vit Nam ni ring. Chng ti c mt nn vn ho vng bn, c mt hc
thuyt qun s c o c th thch trong lch s. V vy m chng ti
thng.
ng Mc Namara p:
- Vng, ng nh vy.
Cui cng th ng cng nhn ra c mt chn l, rt tic l qu mun
mng.
***
Trn quyt chin chin lc ma Xun 1975 nh du bc pht trin mi ht
sc rc r ca ngh thut chin tranh nhn dn trong iu kin hin i, c bit
l ngh thut iu hnh chin tranh giai on kt thc, ngh thut t chc v
241
i tng V Nguyn Gip
ch o thc hnh nhng trn then cht quyt nh, a khng chin n ton
thng.
Trong nhng nhn t ch quan a n thng li, phi k n cc c quan qun
s chin lc ca Tng hnh dinh. Sut 56 ngy m, t th trng n cn b,
nhn vin, mi ngi lm vic khng tic sc mnh, phc v B thng soi ti
cao lnh o, ch o cc chin trng v hu phng chin u v chin thng.
Thng li ca chin tranh l kt qu ca s hy sinh, n lc to ln ca ton dn
tc trong cuc u tr, u lc quyt lit lu di gia ta v ch, ca s lnh o,
ch o, iu hnh, ch huy tm v m kt hp vi hot ng chin u v u
tranh c th ca tng chin trng, tng n v, khng phi ch ring mt chin
trng no, mt b phn no, trong B Chnh tr.
Qun u Trung ng v cc c quan tham mu chin lc gi vai tr c bit
quan trng. Ma Xun 1975, B thng soi ti cao t r ti nng mu lc,
hiu ch, hiu mnh, iu hnh ton din cuc chin tranh trn phm vi c
nc, khn trng, linh hot, thn trng, chc thng, ginh ton thng trong tnh
hnh quc t v cng phc tp gia nhng nm 70. Cc chin dch u din ra
theo mt k hoch thng nht ca B Tng t lnh, c s phi hp vi nhau c
v k hoch v tnh hung chin dch, to tin cho nhau v cng to ra iu
kin hnh thnh n quyt nh chin lc cui cng.
Suy ngh v vai tr ca c quan chin lc qun s, ti xc ng nh ti cc
Anh, nhng ngi bn chin u thn thit tng lm vic trong B Chnh tr,
Qun u Trung ng, trong B Quc phng - Tng t lnh sut nhng nm di
khng chin, n nay ngi mt, ngi cn. Cc Anh cng lo ci lo chung
ca dn, ca ng, tng vui ci vui hon thnh nhim v m nhn dn v ng
tin cy giao cho. Mi gng mt l mt tnh cm thn thng, mt chui di
k nim p trong cuc i chin u v dn v nc, mi mi in m gia lng
ti.
***
T khi nc nh ginh c c lp v thng nht hon ton, ton dn ta Nam
Bc sum hp mt nh, lun nm vng hai nhim v chin lc: xy dng t
nc v bo v T quc.
242
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Trong cng cuc xy dng kinh t v pht trin vn ho nay tr thnh nhim
v trung tm, sau mt thi gian mc sai lm ch quan, rp khun v duy ch,
ng ta sm tr li vi t tng H Ch Minh, xut pht t thc tin, tm ra
quy lut, ra ng li i mi ng n v sng to. ng li y c v
mnh m giai cp cng nhn, nhn dn lao ng v ton dn tc ginh c
nhng thng li cc k to ln trn cc mt trn kinh t, vn ho v i ngoi.
ng ta i n mt kt lun lch s: Ch ngha Mc - Lnin v t tng H
Ch Minh l nn tng t tng, kim ch nam cho hnh ng. Nc ta ra khi
khng hong v tip tc i ln trn con ng cng nghip ho, hin i ho vi
nn kinh t nhiu thnh phn v c ch th trng c s qun l ca Nh nc
theo nh hng x hi ch ngha.
Tuy nhin, d thng li ca ng li i mi to ln nh th no, chng ta cng
dng cm nhn vo s tht, khng cht phm sai lm "kiu ngo cng sn". phi
ni rng hin nay nc ta ang cn l mt trong nhng nc ngho trn th
gii, c cu kinh t phn ln cn l nng nghip, nng sut lao ng thp km
hng trm ln, trnh cng ngh lc hu hng th k so vi cc nc pht
trin. Nh vy, thc hin mc tiu xy dng ch ngha x hi, mu thun ch
yu nht trong hnh thi kinh t - x hi nc ta chnh l mu thun gia yu
cu rt cao ca trnh pht trin lc lng sn xut, gia yu cu ci thin
khng ngng i sng vt cht v vn ho ca nhn dn vi tnh trng ngho
nn v lc hu hin ang c khc phc tng bc, l cha ni n nhng
s suy thoi v o c v s ny sinh nhng t nn x hi m c ch th trng
mang li.
Trong lc th cc din th gii ng c nhng bin i to ln. Mt s nc
pht trin ang i vo mt thi i kinh t - x hi mi - thi i kinh t tri thc
ca nn vn minh tr tu. , dch v v tr tu tr nn lc lng sn xut
hng u. Trn c s y, mt trt t th gii mi xut hin vi xu th ton
cu ho, l cun c hnh tinh vo mt cn lc ln do M, mt s t siu cng
v cc tp on siu quc gia chi phi. i i vi nguyn vng ho hon v ho
bnh ca phn ln loi ngi tin b, th cc cuc chin tranh cc b, xung t
sc tc tn gio vn tip din vi cuc chy ua v trang cha tng c v v kh
cng ngh cao.
243
i tng V Nguyn Gip
R rng, khi bc vo th k XXI v thin nin k th III, ng ta, giai cp

cng nhn v ton dn ta ang ng trc nhng vn hi ln, ng thi phi i
mt vi nhng thch thc mi cha tng c. Cng nh trc y trong nhng
bc ngot ln ca u tranh gii phng dn tc, ng ta xut pht t thc
tn v ra nhng quyt sch t ph ph hp vi quy lut vn ng ca chin
tranh cch mng, ngy nay, ng c nhng quyt sch chin lc "oi mi"
v sng to.
l quyt sch u tin pht trin lc lng sn xut bi v nh Mc khng
nh "lc lng sn xut l tin ca mi tin " ca ch ngha x hi, ch
ngha cng sn, ng nhin vi quan h sn xut thch hp.
l quyt sch coi gio dc v o to, khoa hc v cng ngh l quc sch s
mt, bi v khoa hc v tr tu tr thnh lc lng sn xut hng u, cng
ngh tin tin l ni dung v ng lc ca cng cuc hin i ho.
l pht huy n nh cao ni lc ca t nc, ch yu l con ngi, trn c
s m ch ng hi nhp vo khu vc v th gii: tranh th cc ngun vn,
cng ngh v tri thc quan l ca nc ngoi.
l ch, trng xy dng v chnh n ng, lm cho ng trong sch, vng
mnh, lun nm vng l lun tin phong, nng cao o c cch mng, dit tr
cc t nn x hi, xng ng l lng tm, danh d v tr tu ca giai cp cng
nhn v ca dn tc, trn c s m chnh n Nh nc ca dn, v dn, do
dn, tng cng v m rng Mt trn dn tc thng nht.
l lun lun nu cao tinh thn cnh gic, gi vng c lp ch quyn, coi
trng vic xy dng sc mnh tng hp ca nn quc phng ton dn, tranh th
s ng tnh, ng h mc cao nht ca cc phong tro ho bnh, c lp dn
tc, dn ch v tin b trn th gii.
Ton dn ta on kt mt lng, khc phc mi t tng ch quan, bo th, gio
iu my mc, thc hin bng c cc quyt sch m ng ra.
Di ngn c tt thng ca ng v ca Bc H v i, vi hoi bo ln, kin
nh trong mi tnh hung vi ngh lc sng to v tr tu Vit Nam trong thi
i mi, nhn dn ta on kt, i on kt, s bin nhng c m tr thnh
hin thc, tin ln tip tc i mi, cng nghip ho, hin i ho, ginh nhng
thng li mi, pht trin vi nhp nhanh v bn vng, snh vai vi cc nc
244
i tng V Nguyn Gip
trung bnh, ri tng bc vi cc nc tin tin trn th gii, nh trc y

t mt nc thuc a tr thnh mt trong nhng nc i tin phong trong tro
lu gii phng dn tc.
245
i tng V Nguyn Gip
Ch thch:
(1) Pie Risa Phray: Nc Vit Nam t ngun gc xa xa n ngy nay, Nh
xut bn Bo ch i hc Php, 1990, tr. 87.
(2) R. S. Mc Namara: Nhn li qu kh. Tn thm kch v nhng bi hc v
Vit Nam, Nh xut bn Chnh tr quc gia. H Ni, 1995.
246
i tng V Nguyn Gip
T LIU THAM KHO
1 L Dun: Th vo Nam, Nh xut bn S tht. H Ni. 1985.

2. B Quc phng - Vin Lch s qun s Vit Nam: Cuc chin tranh xm
lc thc dn mi ca quc M Vit Nam, Nh xut bn H Ni, 1991.
3. B Quc phng - Vin Lch s qun s Vit Nam: Lch s khng chin
chng M, cu nc, (2 tp), Nh xut bn S tht, H Ni. 1991.
4. B Quc phng - Vin Lch s qun s Vit Nam: Trn quyt chin lch s
Xun 1975, 1990.
5. B Quc phng - Vin Chin lc qun s: Tm hiu hc thuyt qun s
Vit Nam, Nh xut bn Qun i nhn dn. H Ni, 1997.
6. B Tng tham mu: 50 nm, mt chng ng. Nh xut bn Qun i
nhn dn, H Ni, 1998.
7. B Tng Tham mu - Ban Tng kt lch s: Tng kt cng tc B Tng
tham mu trong cuc khng chin chng M, cu nc, giai on V, Nh
xut bn Qun i nhn dn, H Ni, 1997.
8. B Tng Tham mu: Mt s t liu nhn dip 10 nm gii phng min
Nam, thng 3-1985.
9. Lch s ng cng sn Vit nam, tp II, Nh xut bn Chnh tr quc gia.
H Ni. 1995
10 Hc vin Qun s cao cp: Cuc khng chin chng M, cu nc. Nh
11. Ban Ch o tng kt chin tranh trc thuc B Chnh tr: Tng kt cuc
khng chin chng M, cu nc - Thng li v bi hc, Nh xut bn Chnh
tr quc gia, H Ni, 1995.
12. i tng V Nguyn Gip: ng li qun s ca ng, Vin Khoa
hc qun s, H Ni, 1974.
13. i tng V Nguyn Gip: Chin tranh nhn dn trn chin trng
sng, bin, Nh xut bn Qun i nhn dn, H Ni, 1972.
247
i tng V Nguyn Gip
14. i tng Vn Tin Dng: i thng ma Xun, Nh xut bn Qun i

nhn dn, H Ni, 1976.
15. i tng Hong Vn Thi: Nhng nm thng quyt nh, Nh xut bn
Qun i nhn dn, H Ni, 1984.
16. i tng L Trng Tn: Trc nhng ngy lch s Xun 1975, Tp ch
Vn ngh qun i, thng 4-1985.
17. Thng tng Trn Vn Tr: Kt thc 30 nm chin tranh, tp V.
18. Thng tng Trn Vn Tr: Cm nhn v Xun Mu Thn 1968, Nh
xut bn Tr, thnh ph H Ch Minh, 1998.
19. ng S Nguyn: ng H Ch Minh, mt sng to chin lc c o
ca ng, Nh xut bn Qun i nhn dn, H Ni, 1999.
20. Thng tng Hong Minh Tho: Chin dch Ty Nguyn i thng, Nh
21. Thng tng Nguyn Hu An: Chin trng mi, Nh xut bn Qun
i nhn dn, H Ni, 1995.
22. Thng tng ng V Hip: K c Ty Nguyn, bo Qun i nhn
dn t 8-3-2000-16-3-2000.
23. Lch s b i Trng Sn trn ng H Ch Minh, Nh xut bn Qun
i nhn dn, H Ni, 1994.
24. Hong Vn Khnh: nh thng B52, Nh xut bn Qun i nhn dn.
H Ni, 1993.
25. Ha Mnh Ti: m 18 thng 12 nm y, Bo Qun i nhn dn s
12791 ngy 23-12-1999.
26. Ha Mnh Ti: Thy V, Bo Cu Chin binh Th , 11-1999.
27. Nguyn c Hng (T Chu): Bit ng Si Gn, Nh xut bn Tr, thnh
ph H Ch Minh, 1999.
28. Trn Nhn: H Ni, in Bin Ph trn khng, Nh xut bn Qun i
nhn dn, H Ni, 1992.
29. Lch s Qun khu 5, Nh xut bn Qun i nhn dn, H Ni.
248
i tng V Nguyn Gip
30. Lch s Hi qun nhn dn Vit Nam, Nh xut bn Qun i nhn dn.
H Ni. 1985.
31. R.S. Mc Namara: Nhn li qu kh. Tn thm kch v nhng bi hc v
Vit Nam, Nh xut bn Chnh tr quc gia. H Ni, 1995.
32. George C. Herring: Cuc chin tranh di ngy nht ca nc M, Nh
xut bn Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 1998.
33. Philip B. avixn: Nhng b mt ca cuc chin tranh Vit Nam, Nh
xut bn Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni. 1995.
34. Peter A. Puler: Nc M v ng Dng - T Rudven n Nchxn,
Nh xut bn Thng tin l lun, H Ni, 1986.
35. Alan Dawson: 55 ngy ch Si Gn sp , Nh xut bn S tht. H
Ni, 1990.
36. Nguyn Tin Hng v Jrold Schecter: T to Bch c n dinh c
Lp, Nh xut bn Tr, thnh ph H Ch Minh, 1990.
37. Bo Nhn dn, qu I, qu II nm 1975. Lu ti Th vin qun i.
38. Bo Qun i nhn dn, qu I, qu II nm 1975. Lu ti Th vin qun
i.
39. Cc s tay cng tc ca i tng V Nguyn Gip, t nm 1973 n
thng 5-1975.
V cc t liu khc.
249
i tng V Nguyn Gip
MC LC
Trang
Li ni u
Chng 1: Trn in Bin Ph trn khng
Ch thch
Chng 2: Hi ngh lch s
Ch thch
Chng 3: K hoch c bn v K hoch thi c
Ch thch
Chng 4: H quyt tm chin lc
Ch thch
Chng 5: n im huyt
Ch thch
Chng 6: Chuyn cuc tin cng thnh tng tin cng
Ch thch
Chng 7: Trn Si Gn bt u
Ch thch
Chng 8: Gii phng Trng Sa
Ch thch
Chng 9: Chin dch H Ch Minh
Ch thch
Chng 10: i dng suy ngm
Ch thch
21
22
55
56
91
92
115
116
142
143
170
171
194
195
201
202
232
233
246
T liu tham kho
247
Mc lc
250
250

Tæng H NH Dinh Trong Mïa Xu©n To N TH NG: Võ Nguyên Giáp

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Tæng H NH Dinh Trong Mïa Xu©n To N TH NG: Võ Nguyên Giáp

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I TNG V NGUYN GIP

Tng hnh dinh

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

i tng V NGUYN GIP

TNG HNH DINH TRONG MA XUN TON THNG

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

Nhn k nim 30 nm ngy ton thng (30-4-1975-30-4-2005), cun Tng hnh

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

TRN IN BIN PH TRN KHNG

H Ni, thng 12-1972.

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

qun: "Sm mun ri quc M cng a B52 ra nh H Ni, ri c thua n

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

qu, nhng t nm 1969, bn khng vin tr thm mt qu n tn la no. Cc

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

Nchxn gi cng hm nh mt ti hu th, hn trong 72 gi ta phi tr li bn

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

b i phng khng H Ni bn ri ti ch mt chic B52.

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

Cng tc bo m quan st, thng tin c tng cng.

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

ton s uy hip ca hai lc lng ch yu c th nh c B52 l tn la

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

Chng ta c y thin ch, ng thi c y quyt tm v lc lng bo

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

Sau ny, ti cn c bit mt s ng ch ta b ch giam cm, khi nghe tin y

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

kh, kh ti, b sung n dc, sn sng tip chin. Dy dn qua my ngy m

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

30 chic b h bn hoc nm chic th t l rt cao! Khng qun chin lc m

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

nhng i hnh ln ca B52 cch xa H Ni hng nghn kilmt.

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

chin thut M, phn ln ri ti ch, trong c:

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

"Cho ti nhn mnh kt thc rng tng Hy khng n Si Gn m

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng

i tng V Nguyn Gip

Tng hnh dinh trong ma xun ton thng