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M hnh ch mt bm c bin tn
M hnh tt c bm u c bin tn
Ty theo nhu cu s dng nc hin ti m bin tn s iu khin cc bm chy v ngng
sao cho lun m bo n nh p sut trn ng ng. c im h thng:
Mt hoc tt c cc bm c th c khi ng bng bin tn
T ng lun phin ng m cc bm theo thi gian ci t, m bo cn bng thi gian
hot ng gia cc bm
T ng hot ng/dng theo thi gian thc trong tun ci t c
T ng thay i gi tr p sut t gia ngy v m
T ng vo ch ng tit kim nng lng khi nhu cu s dng nc gim xung. T
ng thc gic, vo ch hot ng khi nhu cu s dng nc tng ln.
Bin tn qun l n 7 bm
Trong thc t, vi h thng ny in nng tiu th c th tit kim n trn 30% v thi gian
thu hi vn u t di 1.5 nm.
Tnh ton tit kim in
V d vi mt bm cng sut 37kW, lm vic 100% cng sut khi chy trc tip vi 10 gi
lm vic mi ngy, 250 ngy mi nm. V vi gi in 1,000VND/kWh th, chi ph in nng
cho bm ny trong mt nm l: (37kW) x (2,500h) x (1,000VND/kWh) = 92,500,000VND
Tuy nhin nhu cu p lc nc thc t lun thay i. Thng k bm ch phi chy 100% cng
sut 625h (25% thi gian trong nm), 80% cng sut 1,250h (50% thi gian trong nm) v
60% cng sut 625 h (25% thi gian trong nm). Khi s dng qua bin tn th chi ph in
nng cho bm trong mt nm c tnh:
- Chi ph chy 100% cng sut: (37kW) x (100%)^ 3 x (625h) x (1,000VND/kWh) =
23,125,000VND
- Chi ph chy 80% cng sut: (37kW) x (80%)^ 3 x (1,225h) x (1,000VND/kWh) =
23,680,000VND
- Chi ph chy 60% cng sut: (37kW) x (60%)^ 3 x (625h) x (1,000VND/kWh) =
4,995,000VND
Tng chi ph in tiu th khi s dng bin tn cho bm trong mt nm l
(23,125,000VND + 23,680,000VND + 4,995,000VND) = 51,800,000VND
Nh vy chi ph in nng tit kim khi s dng bin tn so vi khng dng bin tn l
100% x (92,500,000VND - 51,800,000VND)/92,500,000VND = 44%
Con s tit kim l rt n tng. Vi gii php ny, nng lng tit kim c l rt ln,
thi gian thu hi vn u t ca doanh nghip ngn.
C rt nhiu h thng s dng qut trong dn dng v cng nghip nh: thng gi, ht bi,
ht sn, lm mt, ... Vi mc ch cui cng l duy tr chnh p, duy tr nhit , ... trong iu
kin lm vic lun thay i.
Trc y, c nhiu phng php iu khin qut: chy ON/OFF, dng damper iu chnh
lng gi vo, dng ng c hai cp tc . Tuy nhin iu kin lm vic lun lun thay i,
vic iu khin qut chy ngng lin tc gy ra tc qut thay i t ngt, dn n km
hiu qu v kim sot kh khn.
Bin tn c th iu chnh tc qut khi iu kin lm vic thay i trong khi vn duy tr
lng gi p ng yu cu. N cng c th tng tc qut ln trn 60Hz khi cn. Bin
tn c tch hp b iu khin PID, m bo iu khin i tng iu khin (chnh p,
lu lng, nhit ,...) khng i. Bin tn gip lm gim nng lng in tiu th bng cch
iu khin qut chy chm li trong khi vn p ng c yu cu duy tr i tng iu
khin. V d khi qut chy 80% tc , nng lng tiu th gim n 50%.
C hai loi thp gii nhit ph bin dng trong h thng HVAC l loi i lu cng bc v i
lu gp
Gii nhit i lu gp
Thp gii nhit i lu cng bc c mt qut gn bn hng, thi cng bc gi vo hng
thp v thot ra trn nh thp. Loi ny cho vn tc gi vo ln v gi thot ra thp vn tc
thp. Thp gii nhit i lu gp c mt qut gn nh thp, gi i vo xung quan thp v
thot ra trn nh thp. Hai loi ny c th bao gm mt hoc nhiu qut nhm gii phng
lng nhit ca nc cn lm mt.
Qut cung cp lng gi vo lm gim nhit nc. Trc y, c nhiu phng php
iu khin qut: chy ON/OFF, dng damper iu chnh lng gi vo, dng ng c hai
cp tc . Tuy nhin iu kin lm vic lun lun thay i, vic iu khin qut chy ngng
lin tc gy ra tc qut thay i t ngt v nhit ca nc c gii nhit bin ng
dn n km hiu qu v kim sot kh khn.
Bin tn c th iu chnh tc qut khi iu kin lm vic thay i trong khi vn duy tr
lng gi p ng yu cu gii nhit. N cng c th tng tc qut ln trn 60Hz khi
cn. N c tch hp b iu khin PID, m bo iu khin nhit nc sau khi gii
nhit khng i. Bin tn gip lm gim nng lng in tiu th bng cch iu khin qut
chy chm li trong khi vn p ng c yu cu duy tr nhit nc sau gii nhit. V d
khi qut chy 80% tc , nng lng tiu th gim n 50%.
Ngoi ra, mt bin tn c th iu qun l v iu khin nhiu qut trong cng mt thp gii
nhit, m bo nng lng tiu th l nh nht. Nh khi ng v dng mm nn gim sc
cho h c kh, tng tui th qut cng nh gim chi ph bo tr.
U IM
Nhit nc sau lm mt lun n nh
Nhiu qut c th dng ch vi mt bin tn
Tit kim in nng
Thi gian thu hi vn ngn
2. Bm nc ngng
Li ch:
Tit kim nng lng
iu khin chnh xc duy tr nhit nc mong mun ti bnh ngng
Gim tc ng ln h c nh khi ng v dng mm
Chc nng:
Bm ngng c iu khin theo lut PID m bo nhit nc bnh ngng lun c nh. N
ch c th chy khi bm lnh v my nn lnh chy
3. My nn lnh
Li ch:
Tit kim nng lng
Gim nhu cu nh
Gim tc ng ln h c nh khi ng v dng mm
iu khin nhit nc c lm lnh
Tng tui th chiller
Gim nhu cu bo tr
Chc nng:
Bin tn ti u tc ca ng c my nn theo nhu cu lnh mong mun. My nn c
iu khin theo nhit nc lnh. Tc ti thiu ca my nn bng 60% tc nh mc.
N ch c th hot ng khi bm nc lnh v bm nc ngng chy.
4. Bm nc lnh
Li ch:
Tit kim nng lng
iu khin chnh xc duy tr nhit cp
Gim tc ng ln h c nh khi ng v dng mm
Chc nng:
Bm nc lnh tun hon nc lnh trong h thng ph thuc vo nhit kh cp vo. N
ch c th hot ng khi nhit ng dn tng cao hn mc t trc v my nn lnh chy.
5. Qut cp
Li ch:
Tit kim nng lng
iu khin chnh xc duy tr cht lng khng kh/lng CO2
Gim bo tr c kh
Gim n
Chc nng:
Cht lng khng kh c iu chnh bng tc qut cp ph thuc theo lng CO2 kh
thi. Damper kh ra s c m khi qut cp khi ng. Qut cp ch c th hot ng khi
damper m hon ton.
6. Qut hi
Li ch:
Chc nng:
p sut phng c iu chnh bng tc qut hi ph thuc vo p sut kh ng x. p
sut ny c duy tr khng i bng lut iu khin PID. Damper kh x c m khi qut hi
khi ng. Qut hi ch c th hot ng khi damper ny m hon ton.
Bin tn s dng chnh cho cc ng dng bm v qut. Nhng cng ngh bin tn cng s
dng cho cc ng dng khc nh my nn kh v n ang gt hi c nhng li ch to ln.
Yu cu
Lu lng lin tc
Kch thc nh gn
1 pha
Gi cnh tranh
a vo s dng nhanh
chng, n gin
mnh
D s dng
Gii php
ACS55, 0.75 kW, 220V
Lnh chy v tham chiu
t I/O ca PLC
Ngun cp 1 pha
dch v ton cu
cu, mnh
Kch thc nh gn
Gii php
ACS55, 0.75 kW,
220V
ACS55, 0.37 kW,
220V
Lnh chy v tham
chiu t I/O ca PLC
IU KHIN LI CT MY LM KEM
Yu cu
iu khin dy
D dng s dng
a vo s dng nhanh
chng, n gin vi FlashDrop
kem chnh xc
Sn phm c sn nhanh
Ngun cp 1 pha
chng
Gii php
ACS355, 0.37 kW, 230
V
C PID v bin tr
scale tn hiu tng t
MY TRN
a vo s dng
C th kt ni vo mng
Sn phm c sn
cm ng
ty chn)
Gii php
ACS355, 400 V, < 22 kW
ACS550, 400 V, > 22 kW
iu khin vc t
RS-485 vi ACS550 v
FRSA-00 vi ACS355
Yu cu
Bo v thng s nh
tc rt ln (3-12pht)
kha v n thng s
n nh
Bo in t ph lp bo
Khi ng li khi ng c
cn quay
IP54
Gii php
ACS550, IP54, 37 kW
Tch hp b lc EMC
MY CHIA KEM
Yu cu
Sa li t ng c
Yu cu khi ng c p
pht
vt cp
c kh
sch
Gii php
ACS800, 400 V, 37
kW
2 mc m men khc
nhau
Ty bin bi nh
phn phi
NG DNG NG GI
c ng v tnh
Qu trnh lp li nhanh v
ABB c th cung cp
tt c cc thnh phn
ng gi
theo yu cu
Gii php
ACS355, 0,75 kW, 400 V
Bin tn iu khin 3 ng
c AC c lp (ko vo, ln v
gp)
NI TRN NC SI
Yu cu
Hot ng m i
Hot ng m i
Ng vo tng t 0-
10V
trn cp ng c
Gii php
ACS355, 400 V, 7.5 kW
Cng c FlashDrop
Ti ph thuc tn s
chuyn mch
HVAC-R, TRONG NH
Li ch cho khch
hng
Yu cu
Mt nt nhn
chy/dng
3 cp tc
Tc c nh
Gi c cnh tranh
Gii php
ACS150, 400 V, 3 kW
Macro ABB tiu chun v tc
c nh
Lnh v tc c nh a vo
ng vo s
Li ch cho khch
hng
Mt nt nhn
chy/dng
Macro ABB tiu
Yu cu
chun
Tc c nh
Khi ng mm
Gi c cnh tranh
Gii php
ACS150, 400 V, 4 kW
Lnh v tc c nh a vo
ng vo s
Li ch cho khch
hng
Yu cu
Yu t hnh thc
mng
D dng a vo
vo ng vo s
s dng
Hot ng m i
Gii php
ACS55, 230 V, 0.18 kW
Tc tham chiu vi ng vo
tng t
Yu cu
Ngun cp: 3~
400V
iu khin v tr
gm PLC, ng c v sn phm h th
Hm c kh
khc
Gii php
ACSM1, 400 V, 15
kW
iu khin v tr
hiu sut cao
Truyn thng hiu
sut cao
iu khin hm c
kh
Yu cu
Ngun cp: 3~
400V
PLC iu khin
Kch thc nh gn
thng
V tr chnh xc
h th khc
Gii php
ACS355, 400 V,
2.2 kW
M un truyn
thng
iu khin hm
c kh
Giao din ngi dng c th thch nghi cho kt ni trc tip tham chiu, cng tc hnh
trnh,
Cu di chuyn dc trn cao
C
ba loi di chuyn
Dng gi k
Dng nng h
Dng di chuyn dc di (cu)
Thng thng nhng ni cao nht trong nh my, nhit v cao l nhng yu t quan
trng. Di chuyn dc cn c kh nng chu qu ti ngn hn khi tng tc v gim tc. Trong di
chuyn nng h, yu t quan trng l kh nng hm lin tc
Cu di chuyn dng gi k
Ging cu di chuyn dc trn cao nhng ton b cu s di chuyn. Thng t ngoi tri nn
nhit mi trng l mt vn cn ch trng. Cu di chuyn trn ng ray hoc trn
bnh xe cao su
Cu di chuyn xoay
Cu thp
C
ba loi di chuyn
Nng h
Quay ton b thn cu
y