Pre-Analysis

1 x
First, lets begin by finding the average stress, the nominal area stress, and the maximum
stress with a concentration factor.
o =

nominal =

1000000 lb
F
=
= 1 106 psi
A
.2 5 in2

F
1000000 lb
=
= 1.111 106 psi
A
.2 (5 .5) in2

For a finite plate with a hole, there is no analytical solution. However, an analytical
solution does exists for an infinite plate with a hole. The concentration factor for an
infinite plate with a hole is K = 3. The maximum stress for an infinite plate with a hole
is
max = K o
max = (3.0)(1.0 106 psi) = 3.0 106 psi
Although there is no analytical solution for a finite plate with a hole, there is empirical
data available to find a concentration factor. Using a Concentration Factor Chart (3250
Students: See Figure 4.22 on page 158 in Deformable Bodies and Their Material Behavior ), we find that wd = .1 and thus K 2.73 Now we can find the maximum stress using
the nominal stress and the concentration factor
max = K nominal = (2.73)(1.111 106 psi) = 3.033 106 psi

2 r
Now, lets look at the radial stress varies in the plate:
a2
a4
a2
1
r (r, ) = o [(1 2 ) + (1 + 3 4 4 2 )cos(2)]
2
r
r
r
at r=a

r = 0
assuming r  a
1
r (r, ) = r () = o [1 + cos(2)]
2
Now we will examine the stress far from the hole at = 0 (the x-axis) and

(the y-axis)

1
r (0) = o [1 + cos(2(0))] = o
2

r ( ) = o [1 + cos(2( ))] = 0
2
2
2

3
Now we will examine how varies in the plate. We will approach this very similarly to
how we approached the examination of r :
1
a2
a4
(r, ) = o [(1 + 2 ) (1 + 3 4 )cos(2)]
2
r
r
at r = a

1
= o (2 4cos(2))
2

assuming r  a
1
(r, ) = () = o [1 cos(2)]
2
Now we will examine the stress far from the hole at = 0 and

1
(0) = o [1 cos(2(0))] = 0
2

( ) = o [1 cos(2( ))] = o
2
2
2

4 r
Finally, we will examine how the shear stress in the r direction varies in the plate. The
equation for the shear stress in the plate is:
1
a4
a2
r = o (1 3 4 + 2 2 )sin(2)
2
r
r
at r = a
r = 0

assuming r  a
1
r (r, ) = r () = o sin(2)
2
Now we will examine the values of r when r  a and at = 0 and =

1
r (0) = o sin(2(0)) = 0
2
and

r ( ) = o sin(2( )) = 0
2
2
2

We will reexamine all of these calculations so we may estimate the validity of the
ANSYS simulation later in this tutorial.