GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCING

ORIENTATION TOLERANCES

RUNOUT

.002 S

.750
1.500

.005

.005
.005 V

LOCATION TOLERANCES
M

.003 K-L

.266

.003 M N

.008 M A B C

.005 M F M

PERPENDICULARITY OF ONE SURFACE TO

ANOTHER, USE ONLY WHEN THE IMPLIED 90
ANGLE RULE (THE TOLERANCE OF AN
UNDIMENSIONED 90 ANGLE IS CONTROLLED BY
THE TITLE BLOCK TOLERANCE) WILL NOT PROVIDE
THE REQUIRED CONTROL.

PERPENDICULARITY OF A FEATURE OF SIZE TO A

PLANE SURFACE. THIS IS USUALLY USED AS A
REFINEMENT OF A POSITIONAL TOLERANCE.

.500

.005
.005 W

T
.005

PARALLELISM OF ONE SURFACE TO ANOTHER.

USE WHEN RULE 1 WILL NOT PROVIDE THE
DESIRED CONTROL.

A FACE AND AN AXIS USED TO ESTABLISHED

A DATUM AXIS.

USE RUNOUT ON ALL ROTATING PARTS EXCEPT WHERE CONCENTRICITY IS APPROPRIATE. USE
RUNOUT ON SHAFTS THAT ROTATE SLOWLY (BELOW THE FIRST CRITICAL SPEED) AND ON SHAFTS THAT
ARE INHERENTLY OUT OF BALANCE (THOSE WITH FLATS OR KEY WAYS OR WHICH HAVE PULLEYS, GEARS
OR OTHER SIMILAR PARTS FASTENED TO THEM WITH SET SCREWS). USE CIRCULAR RUNOUT TO CONTROL
INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS OF FEATURES AND TOTAL RUNOUT TO CONTROL COMPLETE SURFACES.
RUNOUT IS A COMPOSITE TOLERANCE AND, DEPENDING ON HOW IT IS USED, CAN CONTROL FLATNESS,
STRAIGHTNESS, ROUNDNESS, CYLINDRICITY AND POSITION.

PARALLELISM OF A HOLE TO A PLANE SURFACE.

CONSIDER USING A SECONDARY DATUM. THIS IS
USUALLY USED AS A REFINEMENT OF A
POSITIONAL TOLERANCE.

RULE ONE
1.000

.375
.005 X

FOR COAXIAL FEATURES ON PARTS THAT DO

NOT ROTATE, USE POSITION. USE MAXIMUM
MATERIAL CONDITION IF THE PART FITS WITH
CLEARANCE. USE REGARDLESS OF FEATURE
SIZE IF THE PART FITS LINE TO LINE OR WITH
INTERFERENCE.

.500 13UNC 2B

.008 P .250 B C D
G
.005 M G M

THREADED HOLES: USE POSITION REGARDLESS

OF FEATURE SIZE WITH A PROJECTED TOLERANCE
ZONE.

.005
.500

.003 U

CLEARANCE HOLES: USE POSITION AT MAXIMUM

MATERIAL CONDITION.

.002 M N

TWO SURFACES USED T0 ESTABLISH A

SINGLE DATUM AXIS.

.005 T
1.000

.003 K-L

.4998
.4990
.008 P .250 C D E

.005

SLOTS, TABS, KEY WAYS AND SIMILAR

FEATURES: USE POSITION. USE MAXIMUM
MATERIAL CONDITION IF THE PART FITS WITH
CLEARANCE. USE REGARDLESS OF FEATURE SIZE
IF THE PART FITS LINE TO LINE OR WITH
INTERFERENCE.

FORM TOLERANCES: USE FORM TOLERANCES WHEN "RULE 1" (THE LIMITS OF SIZE OF A FEATURE
CONTROLS VARIATIONS IN GEOMETRIC FORM AS WELL AS VARIATIONS IN SIZE) WILL NOT PROVIDE THE
REQUIRED CONTROL.
H

X 60
30
ANGULARITY OF ONE SURFACE TO ANOTHER.
USE FOR ALL ANGULAR SURFACES WHERE A
WEDGE SHAPED TOLERANCE ZONE IS NOT
APPROPRIATE.

ANGULARITY OF OF A HOLE TO A PLANE

SURFACE. CONSIDER USING A SECONDARY
DATUM. THIS IS USUALLY USED AS A REFINEMENT
OF POSITION.

THE DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES SHOWN HERE CONTROL THE SIZE OF THE PARTS AND, WITHIN
THESE LIMITS, THEIR GEOMETRY. THE TOP AND BOTTOM SURFACES OF THE BLOCK MUST BE FLAT AND
PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER WITHIN THE LIMITS OF SIZE. THE ROD MUST BE STRAIGHT AND CYLINDRICAL
WITHIN THE LIMITS OF SIZE. FORM TOLERANCES, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED, ARE USED TO TIGHTEN THE
CONTROL PROVIDED BY RULE 1.

.002

.002

.002

.500

.005

.006
.000
.001 L P 1.000 D E F

.266

PROFILE TOLERANCES

FORM TOLERANCES

ROUNDNESS (CIRCULARITY) OF A SURFACE.

HOLES FOR A PRESS FIT: USE POSITION

REGARDLESS OF FEATURE SIZE WITH A
PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE.

.500

.004 P
PROFILE OF A CONE. IN THIS EXAMPLE THE
CONTOL IS SIMILAR TO CYLINDRICITY OF A
CYLINDER. THE TOLERANCE ZONE IS INSIDE THE
BASIC PROFILE.

.005

CYLINDRICITY OF A SURFACE.

.001 H

COAXIAL FEATURES ON ROTATING PARTS: USE

CONCENTRICITY ON PARTS THAT ROTATE AT HIGH
SPEED AND WHERE VIBRATION MAY BE A
PROBLEM. (NOTE: CONCENTRICITY IS AN AXIS TO
AXIS RELATIONSHIP AND IS DIFFICULT AND
THEREFORE EXPENSIVE TO INSPECT. CONSIDER
USING RUNOUT.)

HOLES FOR SPRING PINS: USE POSITION

AT LEAST MATERIAL CONDITION WITH A
PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE.
J
.006
.000
.001 L E L

.001 J

.266
P
A
PROFILE APPLIED TO A CAM. THE TOLERANCE
APPLIES ALL AROUND.

.002
.500
.500

.005

STRAIGHTNESS OF A CYLINDRICAL SURFACE.

.002
1.000
FLATNESS OF A SURFACE.

.005
.002 M

STRAIGHTNESS OF AN AXIS AT MAXIMUM

MATERIAL CONDITION. THIS PART MAY GO
BEYOND THE BOUNDARY DEFINED BY RULE 1.

1.000

.005

STRAIGHTNESS OF A FLAT SURFACE.

.005
B
B

PROFILE BETWEEN TWO POINTS.

.005
2 SURFACES

.002 R
2 SURFACES R

PROFILE USED TO CONTROL COPLANARITY.

.002
.005

WHERE WALL THICKNESS IS CRITICAL USE

POSITION AT LEAST MATERIAL CONDITION.

SYMMETRICAL FEATURES: USE SYMMETRY FOR

NON COAXIAL PARTS WHERE BALANCE IS
IMPORTANT. (NOTE: EXCEPT FOR THE SHAPE OF
THE PART SYMMETRY AND CONCENTRICITY ARE
IDENTICAL, AND THE CAUTION EXPRESSED FOR
CONCENTRICITY APPLIES HERE AS WELL.
CONSIDER USING POSITION.)

.003
CHOOSE DATUMS BASED ON THE FUNCTION OF THE PART. THE DATUMS SHOWN HERE ARE
SUGGESTIONS ONLY. USE MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION FOR ALL DATUM FEATURES OF SIZE THAT
HAVE CLEARANCE IN THE COMPLETED ASSEMBLY.
PROFILE OF A LINE.

PROFILE TOLERANCES: THE TOLERANCE ZONE IS EVENLY DISTRIBUTED ON BOTH SIDES OF THE BASIC
PROFILE UNLESS ITS LOCATION IS SHOWN BY A PHANTOM LINE ON THE DRAWING. PROFILE, WHEN USED
WITH A DATUM, ACTS AS AN ORIENATION TOLERANCE. WHEN USED WITHOUT A DATUM IT ACTS AS A
FORM TOLERANCE. FEATURES DEFINED BY PROFILE ARE DEFINED BY BASIC DEMENSIONS.

THIS CHART IS PROVIDED FOR

INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.
THE INFORMATION IS BASED UPON
ASME Y14.5M - 1994.
CHART DESIGN BY PROF. WALTER A. RYAN,
NEW HAMPSHIRE TECHNICAL COLLEGE

1997 GENIUM PUBLISHING

CORPORATION
ONE GENIUM PLAZA
SCHENECTADY, NY 12304
(518) 377-8854