HOMEWORK SOLUTION:

1. From Planks equation for electromagnetic radiation derivate Rayleigh-Jeans

law.
Solution:
(1)
From

2 h c 2

I ( , T )=
5

hc

( kB T )

Rayleigh-Jeans laws attempts to describe the spectral radiance of

electromagnetic radiation from black body for large wavelengths values, so:

Remember

e x =
n=0

x
x x2
=(1+ + +)
n!
1 ! 2!

e x (1+ x), so

x 0(value)

if

equation (1) becomes:

I ( , T )=

2 c k B T
2 h c2
=
hc
4
5
+ 11
( kB T )

(2)

The equation (2) shows intensity is proportional to

like Rayleigh-Jeans

laws.
2. From Planks equation for radiation derivate Wien laws.
Solution:
From

I ( , T )=

2 h c
[e
5

hc

( kB T )

1 ]

(3)

Wiens displacement law states that the wavelength distribution of thermal

radiation from a black body at any temperature has an inverse relationship
between the wavelength of the peak of the emission of a black body and its
temperature when expressed as a function of wavelength, so derivate(3)

[[

dI d
=
d d

dI
=
d

2 h c
hc

[[

( k BT )

10 h c

hc
( k B T )

][
+

]
hc

hc
( k B T )

7 k B T e

dI

u=

2 h c e

Find critical values, via d

( k BT )

=0 , simplify and change variable for:

hc
( kB T )

Then equivalent equation becomes:

5 [ eu 1 ] =u e u
u

e [ 5u ] =5
u=4,9651=

T =

hc
(kBT)

hc
=2,898 X 103 mK
( 4,9651 k B )

3. From Planks equation for electromagnetic radiation derivate Stefans law.

Solution:

From

I ( , T )=

2 h c 2
[e
5

hc

( kB T )

1 ]

(7)

Stefan's law, states that the total energy radiated per unit surface area of a
black body per unit time is directly proportional to the fourth power of the black
body's temperature T. Evaluate (5) for all wavelength, so:

I =
0

2 h c 2

5 e

hc
( kB T)

A=

Substituting

hc
kBT

I =2 h c 2
0

A
( )

e 1

Substituting

u=

A
A
2
A5
5
; du= 2 d ; d=
du ; = 5 ; change limits 0 u u 0

2 h c
I=
A4

[ ][

4
3
2
2 5 (k B )4 4
u du
2 h c ( 2 )
=
T
u =
4
240
15 h3 c 2
[ e 1 ]
hc
kB T

2 0

[ ]

Stefans constant:

4. Comptons effect:
Energy Conservation:

2 5 ( kB)4
3

15 h c

=5,67 X 108

W
.
m2 K 4

hc hc
= + ( 1 ) m c 2
0

(11)

Momentum conservation:

h h
= cos + mv cos
0

0=

(12)

h
sin + mv cosin

(13)

h h
2
cos =[ mv cos ]
0

h
2
sin = [ mv cosin ]

(12a)

(13a)

Addition (12a) and (13a):

h2 1
2 cos 1

+ 2 = 2 v 2=a
2
2

m ( 0)
( )
0
Solve (14) for v:

v2
v =a=
v
1
c
2

[ ( )]

From (11)

2
c2 v2
a
a= 2
[ ] =1+ 2
2
c
[c (v ) ]

(14)

[ ( ) ]

[ [

hc 1 1
a
1 h2 1
2cos 1
=
+1 =1+ 2 =1+ 2 2

+
2
2
0 ( )2
m c 0
c
c m ( 0 )
2

Solve (11a)

0=
Thanks.

h
( 1cos )
mc

]]

(11a)