GT Mon Hoc Dieu Khien Logic

i Hc Nng
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa

Khoa in
B mn T ng - o Lng
GIO TRNH MN HC IU
KHIN LOGIC
MN HC DNH CHO CC SINH VIN KHOA IN
KHO CHNH QUY
S n v hc trnh: 4 (60 tit)
Ngi bin son:

Lm Tng c
Nguyn Kim nh
Nng, thng 11 nm 2005
Chng 0: L thuyt c s
B mn T ng o Lng Khoa in
CHNG 0: L THUYT C S (3T)

0.1. Khi nim v logic trng thi:
+ Trong cuc sng hng ngy nhng s vt hin tng p vo mt chng ta nh:
c/khng; thiu/; cn/ht; trong/c; nhanh/chm...hai trng thi ny i lp
nhau hon ton.
+ Trong k thut (c bit k thut in - iu khin) khi nim v logic hai
trng thi: ng /ct; bt /tt; start /stop
+ Trong ton hc lng ho hai trng thi i lp ca s vt hay hin tng
ngi ta dng hai gi tr 0 &1 gi l hai gi tr logic.
Cc nh khoa hc ch xy dng cc hm & bin trn hai gi tr 0 &1 ny.
Hm v bin c gi l hm & bin logic.
C s tnh ton cc hm & s gi l i s logic.
i s ny c tn l Boole (theo tn nh bc hc Boole).
0.2. Cc hm c bn ca i s logic v cc tnh cht c bn ca chng:
B0.1_ hm logic mt bin:
Tn hm
Bng chn l
x
Thut ton
logic
Hm khng Y0
Y0 = 0
Y0 = x x
Hm lp
Y1
Y1 =
Hm o
Y2
Y2 = x
K hiu s
kiu khi in
kiu rle
t
Ghi ch
Hm lun
bng 0
Hm lun
Y3 = 1
bng 1
Y3 = x + x
B 0.2_ Hm logic hai bin y = f(x1 ,x2 )
Hm hai bin, mi bin nhn hai gi tr 0 &1, nn c 16 gi tr ca hm t y0 y15.
Hm n v Y3
Tn hm
Hm
khng
Hm v
Bng chn l
x1 0 0 1 1
x2 0 1 0 1
Y0
0 0 0 0
Y1
0 0 0 1
Hm cm Y2
x1
Thut ton
logic
Y0 = x1. x 2+
x 1 .x2
Y1 = x1.x2
K hiu s
Kiu khi in
Kiu rle
t
Ghi ch
Hm lun
bng 0
0 0 1 0 Y2 = x 1 . x 2
Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh
Chng 0: L thuyt c s
Hm lp
Y3
x1
Hm cm
Y4
x2
Hm lp
Y5
x2
0 0 1 1 Y3 = x 1
0 1 0 0 Y4 = x 1. x2
0 0 1 1 Y5 = x 2
Hm hoc
Y6
loi tr
Y6 = x 1. x2+
0 1 1 0 x1 . x 2
Y6 =x1 x2
Hm hoc Y7
0 1 1 1 Y7 = x1 + x2
Hm piec
Y8
1 0 0 0 Y8 = x 1 . x 2
Y9
0 1 1 1 Y9= x 1 x 2
Hm cng
du
Hm o
x1
Hm ko
theo x1
Hm o
x2
Hm ko
theo x2
Hm
cheffer
Hm n
v
x1
x2
0
1
1
1
Y15 = 1
Cng
module
Y10 1 1 0 0 Y10 = x 1
Y11 1 0 1 1 Y11 = x 2 + x1
Y12 1 0 1 0 Y12 = x 2
Y13 1 1 0 1 Y13 = x 1 + x2
Y14 1 1 1 0 Y14 = x 1 + x 2
Y15 1 1 1 1 Y15 = x 1 +x1
x1
x2
0
1
x1
x2
0
Y14 = x 1 + x 2
x1
x2
0
Y13 = x 1 + x2
Y12 = x 2
Chng 0: L thuyt c s
x1
0
x2
0
1
1
x1
0
x2
0
1
x2
0
1
0
1
Y7 = x1 + x2
x1
x2
0
1
0
1
Y3 = x 1
Y10 = x 1
Y11 = x 2 + x1
x1
x1
0
x2
0
1
x1
x2
0
1
1
0
Y6 =x1 x2
x1
x2
0
1
Y2 = x 1 . x 2
x1
0
x2
0
1
Y9= x 1 x 2
x1
x2
0
1
0
1
Y5 = x 2
x1
x2
0
1
0
1
Y1 = x1.x2
1
1
1
Y8 = x 1 . x 2
x1
x2
0
1
Y4 = x 1. x2
x1
1
0
Y0 = 0
x2
0
* Ta thy rng: cc hm i xng nhau qua trc (y7 v y8 ) ngha l: y0 = y 15, y1 = y 14,
y2 = y 13
* Hm logic n bin: y = f(x1,x2,x3,..,xn).
1 bin nhn 21 gi tr n bin nnhn 2n gi tr; m mt t hp nhn 2 gi tr
Do vy hm c tt c l 2 2 .
1
V d:
1 bin to 4 hm 2 2 2
2 bin to 16 hm 2 2 3
3 bin to 256 hm 2 2
Kh nng to hm rt ln nu s bin cng nhiu.
Tuy nhin tt c kh nng ny u c hin qua cc hm sau:
Tng logic
Nghch o logic
Tch logic
Chng 0: L thuyt c s
` nh l - tnh cht - h s c bn ca i s logic:

0.2.1. Quan h gia cc h s:
0 .0 = 0
0 .1 = 0
1 .0 = 0
0 +0 = 0
0 +1 = 1
1 +0 = 1
1 +1 = 1
0 =1
1 =0
y l quan h gia hai hng s (0,1) hm tin ca i s logic.
Chng l quy tc php ton c bn ca t duy logic.
0.2.2. Quan h gia cc bin v hng s:
A.0 = 0
A .1 = A
A+1 = 1
A +0 = A
A.A =0
A+A =1
0.2.3. Cc nh l tng t i s thng:
+ Lut giao hon:
A .B =B .A
A +B =B +A
+ Lut kt hp:
( A +B) +C =A +( B +C)
( A .B) .C =A .( B .C)
+ Lut phn phi:
A ( B +C) =A .B +A .C
0.2.4. Cc nh l c th ch c trong i s logic:
A .A =A
A +A =A
nh l De Mogan:
A.B = A + B
A+ B = A .B
Lut hm nguyn:
A =A.
0.2.5. Mt s ng thc tin dng:
A ( B +A) = A
A + A .B = A
A B +A . B = A
A + A .B = A +B
Chng 0: L thuyt c s
A( A + B ) = A .B
(A+B)( A + B ) = B
(A+B)(A + C ) = A +BC
AB+ A C + BC = AB+ A C
(A+B)( A + C )(B +C) =(A+B)( A + C )
Cc biu thc ny vn dng tinh gin cc biu thc logic, chng
khng ging nh i s thng.
Cch kim chng n gin v p dng nht chng minh l thnh
lp bng s tht.
0.3. Cc phng php biu din hm logic:
0.3.1. Phng php biu din thnh bng:
* Nu hm c n bin th bng c n+1 ct .( n ct cho bin & 1 ct cho hm )
* 2n hng tng ng vi 2n t hp bin.
Bng ny gi l bng s tht hay l bng chn l.
V d:
Trong nh c 3 cng tc A,B,C.Ch nh mun n chiu sng khi cng tc A,
B, C u h hoc A ng B, C h hoc A h B ng C h .
Vi gi tr ca hm y cho trn ta biu din thnh bng nh sau:
Cng tc n
A
B
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
n
C
Y
0 1
sng
1 0
0 1
sng
1 0
0 1
sng
1 0
0 0
1 0
* u im ca cch biu din ny l d nhn v t nhm ln .

* Nhc im: cng knh, c bit khi s bin ln.
0.3.2. Phng php biu din hnh hc:
a) Hm mt bin biu din trn 1 ng thng:
b) Hm hai bin biu din trn mt phng0:
x1
10
11
00
01
x2
Chng 0: L thuyt c s
c) Hm ba bin biu din trong khng gian 3 chiu:

X2
110
010
011
111
X1
000
001
100
101
X3
d) Hm n bin biu din trong khng gian n chiu

0.3.3. Phng php biu din biu thc i s:
Bt k trong mt hm logic n bin no cng c th biu din thnh cc hm c
tng chun y v tch chun y .
a) Cch vit di dng tng chun y (chun tc tuyn):
- Ch quan tm n nhng t hp bin m hm c gi tr bng mt.
- Trong mt t hp (y bin) cc bin c gi tr bng 1 th gi nguyn (xi).
- Hm tng chun y s l tng chun y cc tch .
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cng tc n
A
B
C
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
n
Y
0
1
x
1
1
x
0
1
Hm Y tng ng 4 t hp gi tr cc bin ABC = 001, 011, 100, 111

Y= A B C + A BC +A B C +ABC
* n gin trong cch trnh by ta vit li:
Chng 0: L thuyt c s
f = 1, 3 ,4 ,7
Vi N =2 ,5 (cc th t t hp bin m khng xc nh )
b) Cch vit di dng tch /chun y ( hi tc tuyn ):
- Ch quan tm n t hp bin hm c gi tr ca hm bng 0.
- Trong mi tng bin xi = 0 th gi nguyn xi = 1 th o bin xi .
- Hm tch chun y s l tch cc tng , t bng trn hm Y tng ng 2 t hp
gi tr cc bin:
A+B+C = 0 +0 +0, 1 +1 +0
A +B +C, A + B +C
Y =( A +B +C )( A + B +C )
* n gin trong cch trnh by ta vit li:
f = (0,6)
Vi N =2 ,5 (cc th t t hp bin m khng xc nh ).
0.3.4. Phng php biu din bng bng Karnaugh:
- Bng c dng hnh ch nht, n bin 2n mi tng ng vi gi tr ca 1
t hp bin.
- Gi tr cc bin c sp xp theo th t theo m vng (nu khng th khng
cn l bng Karnaugh na!).
*Vi iu s lc v m vng:
Gi s cho s nh phn l B1B2B3B4 G3G2G1G0 (m vng)
th c th tnh nh sau: Gi = Bi+1 Bi
V d:
G0 = B1 B0 = B1 B0 +B1 B0
G1 = B2 B1 = B2 B1 +B2 B1
G2 = B3 B2 = B3 B2 +B3 B2
G3 = B4 B3 = 0 B3 =1.B3 +0. B3 = B3
x2
x1
0
1
x3 x4
00
x1x2
00
01
x1
x2 x3
00
01
11
00
01
11
10
11
10
Chng 0: L thuyt c s
x3 x4x5
000 001 011 010 110 111 101 100
x1x2
00
01
11
10
x4x5x6
000 001 011 010 110 111 101 100
x1x2 x3
000
001
011
010
110
111
101
100
0.4. Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic:
Mc ch ca vic ti u ho hm logic thc hin mch: kinh t n gin, vn bo
m chc nng logic theo yu cu.
Tm dng biu din i s n gin nht c cc phng php sau:
0.4.1. Phng php ti thiu hm logic bng bin i i s:
Da vo cc biu thc phn 0.3 ca chng ny .
y =a ( b c + a) + (b + c )a b = a b c + a + ba b + c a b = a
Chng 0: L thuyt c s
Phng php 1 :
y = a ( b c + a) + (b + c )a b = a b c + a + ba b + c a b = a
hoc y = a ( b c + a) + (b + c )a b = a b c + a(b+ b )(c+ c )+a b c
= a b c + abc + ab c + a b c + a b c +a b c
m5
m7 m6 m5
m4
m4
(Phng php 2: dng bng s cp phn sau)
V d 1:
V d 2:
Chng 0: L thuyt c s
V d 3:
V d 4:
V d 5:
10
Chng 0: L thuyt c s
0.4.2. Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic bng bng Karnaugh:

Tin hnh thnh lp bng cho tt c cc v d phn (1) bng cch bin i biu
thc i s sao cho 1 t hp c mt y cc bin.
V d: Cho h thng c s nh sau h thng ny iu khin hai l si L1, L2 v
ca s S. Cc thng s u vo ca l nhit hai mc 10oC & 20oC v m mc
2%.
Hnh 0.1: M t hot ng ca h thng l si
A tc ng khi t0 < 10oC (u o a)

B tc ng khi t0 > 20oC (u o b)
C tc ng khi m 2% (u o c)
(+) tc ng
(-) khng tc ng
iu kin c th c cho bng sau:
m
W < 2%
Nhit
+
+
t0 20oC
oC
0
oC
20 > t >10
+
+
0
oC
t < 10
+
+
+
Thit b chp
L2
S
L1
hnh
L L1 L L2 Ca s
A
0
0
0
0
1
B
0
0
1
1
0
C
0
1
0
1
0
L1
1
1
x
x
1
L2
1
0
x
x
0
W 2%
+
+
-
+
-
L1
L2
L L1
L L2
Ca s
S
1
0
x
x
1
11
Chng 0: L thuyt c s
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Lp bng Karnaugh cho ba hm L1 ,L2 ,S
L1 = B . C + A ; L2 = A C +A B C + B C ; S = B + C
0.4.3. Phng php ti thiu hm logic bng thut ton Quire MC.Cluskey:
a) Mt s nh ngha:
+ L tch y ca cc bin.
- nh 1 l hm c gi tr bng 1.
- nh 0 l hm c gi tr bng 0.
- nh khng xc nh l hm c gi tr khng xc nh x (0 hoc1).
+ Tch cc tiu: tch c s bin l cc tiu (t bin tham gia nht) hm c gi
tr bng 1 hoc l khng xc nh x.
+ Tch quan trng: l tch cc tiu hm c gi tr bng 1 tch ny.
V d: Cho hm f(x1,x2,x3) c L = 2,3,7 (tch quan trng)
N =1,6 (tch cc tiu)
C th nh du theo nh phn hoc thp phn.
b) Cc bc tin hnh:
Bc 1: Tm cc tch cc tiu
(1) Lp bng biu din cc gi tr hm bng 1 v cc gi tr khng xc nh x
ng vi m nh phn ca cc bin.
(2) Sp xp cc t hp theo th t tng dn (0,1,2,...), t hp gm:
1 ch s 1
2 ch s 1
3 ch s 1
(3) So snh t hp th i v i+1 & p dng tnh cht xy +x y = x. Thay bng
du - & nh du v vo hai t hp c.
(4) Tin hnh tng t nh (3).
12
Chng 0: L thuyt c s
Bng a
s
s nh
thp
phn
phn x1x2x3x4
2
0010
3
0011
6
0110
12
1100
7
0111
13
1101
14
1110
15
1111
s
ch
s 1
1
2
3
4
Bng b
s
s c s
thp
2
phn x1x2x3x4
2
0010v
3
0011v
6
0110v
12
1100v
7
0111v
13
1101v
14
1110v
15
1111v
Bng c
Lin x1x2x3x4
kt
2,3
2,6
3,7
6,7
6,14
12,13
7,15
13,15
14,15
001-v
0-10v
0-11v
011-v
-110v
110-v
-111v
11-1v
111-v
Bng d
2,3,6,7
0-12,6,3,7
6,7,14,15
-116,14,7,15
12,14,13,15 11--
T hp cui cng khng cn kh nng lin kt na, y chnh l cc tch cc

tiu ca hm f cho & c vit nh sau:
0-1- (ph cc nh 2,3,6,7): x1 x3
-11- (ph cc nh 6,7,14,15): x2,x3.
11-- (ph cc nh 12,13,14,15): x1,x2.
V d sau :( v d ny s gii thch cc bc trn ).
Ti thiu ho hm logic bng phng php Quire MC.Cluskey vi
f(x1,x2,x3,x4), vi cc nh 1 l L = 2,3,7,12,14,15; nh c gi tr khng xc
nh l N = 6,13.
Bc 2: Tm tch quan trng tin hnh theo i bc (i =0 n ) cho n khi tm
c dng ti thiu.
Li : Tp cc nh 1 ang xt bc nh i (khng quan tm n nh khng xc
nh x na).
Zi: Tp cc tch cc tiu sau khi qua cc bc tm tch cc tiu bc 1
Ei : L tp cc tch quan trng.
c thc hin theo tht ton sau:
13
Chng 0: L thuyt c s
Bt u
Cho hm vi tp L&N
1.Tm cc tch cc tiu
2.Tm cc tch cc tiu ti thiu nh 1
3. Vit ra cc hm cc tiu
Kt thc
*Tip tc v d trn: ( Bc 2)
L0 = (2,3,7,12,14,15)
Z0 =( x1 x3,x2x3,x1x2 )
Tm E0 ?
Lp bng E0:
Z0
x1 x3
x2x3
x1x2
L0
2
(x)
3
(x)
7
x
x
12
14
15
x
x
Ly nhng ct ch c 1 du x v y l tch quan trng.

Tm L1 t L0 sau khi loi nhng nh 1ca L0.
Z1 t Z0 sau khi loi nhng tch khng cn thit.
f = x1 x3 +x1x2
0.5. Bi tp:
1) Dng hai phng php ti thiu bng Quire MC.Cluskey & Karnaugh ti thiu
ho cc hm sau:
1) f (x1x2x3x4) = [2,3,7,(1,6)]
14
Chng 0: L thuyt c s
2) f (x1x2x3x4) = [2,3,7,12,14,15(6,13)]
3) f (x1x2x3x4) = [0,2,3,10,11,14,15]
4) f (x1x2x3x4) = [1,6,(3,5,7,12,13,14,15)]
5) f (x1x2x3x4) = [(3,5,12,13,14,15),6,9,11]
6) f (x1x2x3x4) = [0,2,3,4,6]
(*)n gin biu thc sau dng bng Karnaugh:
1) f = x1 x 2 x3 +x1x2 x3 + x1x2 x3+ x1 x 2 x3
2) f = x1 x 2 x3 + x1 x 2 x3 + x1 x2 x3+ x1 x 2 x3
3) f = x1 x 2 x3 x 4 + x1 x2 x3 x 4 + x1 x 2 x3 x 4 + x1 x2x3 +x1 x 2 x3 x 4 +x1 x 2 x3 x4
+ x1 x 2 x3 x 4
4) f = ( x3 + x 4 )+ x 1 x3 x 4 +x1 x 2 x3 + x1 x 2 x3x4 +x1x3 x 4
(*)
1) Mch iu khin my photocopy c 4 ng vo & 1 ng ra. Cc ng vo n cc
cng tc nm dc theo ng di chuyn ca giy. Bnh thng cng tc h v cc ng
vo A, B, C, D c gi mc cao. Khi giy chy qua mt cng tc th n ng v
ng vo tng ng xung thp. Hai cng tc ni n A & D khng bao gi ng cng
lc (giy ngn hn khong cch gia hai cng tc ny). Thit k mch c ng ra ln
cao mi khi c hai hoc ba cng tc ng cng lc, cng bn k v li dng cc t
hp khng cn quan tm .
Hnh 0.2: M t hot ng ca my in

Cc bi tp ny c trch t bi tp kt thc chng 2.
(Mch s _Ng.Hu Phng)
2) Hnh v ch giao im ca trc l chnh vi ng ph. Cc cm bin pht hin
c xe c t li C,D (trc l chnh ) & li A ,B (trc ph). Tn hiu ca cm bin
15
Chng 0: L thuyt c s
l thp khi khng c xe v cao khi c xe n giao thng c kim sot theo quy lut
sau:
a) n xanh cho trc l chnh mi khi c hai li D & C.
b) n xanh cho trc l chnh mi khi li C hoc D c xe nhng c hai li A
& B khng c xe.
c) n xanh cho trc l ph mi khi li A hoc B c xe nhng trong khi c hai
li C & D khng c xe.
d) n xanh cho trc l chnh khi cc li u khng c xe. Cc ng ra ca cm
bin l cc ng vo ca mch iu khin n giao thng. Mch c ng ra T
lm n trc l chnh xanh khi ln cao v ng ra P lm n trc l chnh
xanh khi n gin biu thc ti a trc khi thc hin mch.
(*) Bi tp dng gin xung:
a
0 0 1 10 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 00 0 1 1 1 00 0
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 00 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 00 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
1) y = a b c +ab
2) y = ab+ ac +b c
3) S = a1 + b a 2 a3 + b ( a1 a2 + a3)
16
Chng 1: Mch t hp v mch trnh t
B mn T ng - o Lng _ Khoa in
CHNG 1: MCH T HP V MCH TRNH T

1.1. M hnh ton hc ca mch t hp:
- Mch t hp l mch m trng thi u ra ca mch ch ph thuc v t hp cc
trng thi u vo cng thi im m khng ph thuc vo thi im trc .
- Mch t hp thng c nhiu tn hiu u vo (x1 ,x2 ,x3) v nhiu tn hiu
u ra (y1 ,y2 ,y3 ). Mt cch tng qut c th biu din theo m hnh ton hc
nh sau:
Vi: y1 =f(x1 ,x2 ,,xn )

y2 =f(x1 ,x2 ,,xn )
.
.
ym =f(x1 ,x2 ,,xn )
Hnh 1.1: M hnh ton hc ca mch t hp

- Cng c th trnh by di dng vector nh sau: Y =F(X)
1.2. Phn tch mch t hp:
- T yu cu nhim v cho ta bin thnh cc vn logic, tm ra bng
chc nng ra bng chn l.
- c thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Vn logic thc
Bng chc nng
Bng chn l
Bng karnaugh
Biu thc logic
Hnh 1.2: Bc phn tch mch t hp

1. Phn tch yu cu:
Xc nh no l bin u vo.
Xc nh no l bin u ra.
Tm ra mi lin h gia chng vi nhau.
iu ny i hi ngi thit k phi nm r yu cu thit k, y l mt vic kh
khn nhng rt quan trng trong qu trnh thit k.
2. K bng chn l:
- Lit k thnh bng v mi quan h tng ng vi nhau gia trng thi tn hiu
u vo vi trng thi hm s u ra Bng ny gi l bng chc nng.
17
- Tin hnh thay gi tr logic (0 ,1) cho trng thi ta c bng chn l.
V d:
Hnh 1.3: S iu khin bng n Y thng qua 2 cng tc A&B

Bng chc nng:
Kha
A
Ngt
Ngt
ng
ng
Bng chn l:
Kha B
Kha C
Ngt
ng
Ngt
ng
Tt
Tt
Tt
Sng
A
0
0
1
1
B
0
1
0
1
C
0
0
0
1
1.3. Tng hp mch t hp:

Nu s bin tng i t th dng phng php hnh v.
Nu s bin tng i nhiu th dng phng php i s.
c tin hnh theo s sau:
Bng karnaugh
hoc
PP. Mc.cluskey
biu thc
ti thiu
s
logic
s
mch in
biu thc logic

Hnh 1.4: Phng php tng hp mch logic
1.4. Mt s mch t hp thng gp trong h thng:
Cc mch t hp hin nay thng gp l:
B m ha (m ha nh phn, m ha BCD) thp phn, u tin.
B gii m (gii m nh phn, gii m BCD_ led 7 on) hin th k t.
B chn knh.
B cng, b so snh.
18
B kim tra chn l.

ROM , EPROM
B dn knh, phn knh.
1.5. Khi nim v mch trnh t (hay mch dy) _ sequential circuits:
- u ra ch b kch hot
x1
Z
1
khi cc u vo c
mmch
ch
x2
Z
2
kch hot theo mt trnh
trnh
t
Y1
t
hp
y1
t no . iu ny
Y2
y2
khng th thc hin bng
mch logic t hp thun
2
ty m cn n c tnh
1
nh ca FF.
Hnh 1.5: M hnh ton hc ca mch iu khin trnh t
Hnh 1.6: Nguyn l lm vic ca cng AND
A
B
J
CLK
Y A
>thi gian
thiet lap yeu cau

cua FF
B ln
c AA A ln
c BB
ln cao
cao trtrc
ln cao
caotrtrc
Y ca FF_JK
Hnh 1.7: Nguyn l lm vic
R
1.6. Mt s phn t nh
trong mch trnh t:
S
1. Rle thi gian:
T
S2L
S1L
S3L
Hnh 1.8: S relay thi gian
19
2.Cc mch lt:

Loi ng b
Khng
FF
ng b
Pr
R
R-S
Pr
CL
S
Clr
Clr
Pr
Pr
Q
CL
Clr
Clr
CL
Q
J-K
Q
Q
Pr
J
Clr
Bng chn Bng kch hnh trng thi Gin xung

l
01
CL
Qn R S Qn+1 QnQn+1R S
0X
X0
0 0 0 0
0 0 x 0
1
0
R
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
10
0 1 0 0
1 0 1 0
S
0 1 1 x
1 1 0 x
Q
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
Q
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 x
Q'= S+ R Q
RS=0
CL
1
Qn D Qn+1 QnQn+1D
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 1
00
D
0 1 1
0 1 1
0
1 0 0
1 0 0
Q
1 1 1
1 1 1
Q'n+1=D
Khi J = 1 Qn J K Qn+1 QnQn+1J K
0X
& K =1 th 0 0 0 0
0 0 0x
0
Q lun thay 0 0 1 0
0 1 1x
i trng 0 1 0 1
1 0 x1
thi ngha 0 1 1 1
1 1 x0
l mch b 1 0 0 1
dao ng 1 0 1 0
nn JK ch 1 1 0 1
lm vic 1 1 1 0
ch
ng b
Q' =
1X
X0
1
CL
J
K
X1
Q
Q
n+1
Pr
T
Q
CL
Cng
khng c
ch
khng
ng b
Qn T Qn+1
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
QnQn+1T
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
Clr
CL
1
00
1
1
T
Q
Q
Q'n+1=TQ
20
1.7. Phng php m t mch trnh t:

Sau y l mt vi phng php nu ra phn tch v tng hp mch trnh t.
1.7.1.Phng php bng chuyn trng thi:
Sau khi kho st k qu trnh cng ngh, ta tin hnh lp bng. v d ta c bng nh
sau:
Trng
Tn hiu vo
Tn hiu ra
thi
x1 x2 x3 ... Y1 Y2 ...
S1
S1 S2 S3
0
1
S2
S1 S2
0
0
S3
S2 S3
1
1
S4
S5
...
Cc ct ca bng ghi: bin u vo (tn hiu vo): x1, x2, x3 ; hm u ra y1,
y2, y3
- S hng ca bng ghi r s trng thi trong cn c ca h (S1 ,S2 ,S3).
- giao gia ct tn hiu vo xi vi hng trng thi Sj ghi trng thi ca mch.
Nu trng thi mch trng vi trng thi hng l trng thi n nh.
- giao gia ct tn hiu ra Yi v hng trng thi Sj chnh l tn hiu ra tng
ng.
* iu quan trng l ghi y v ng cc trng thi trong cc ca bng, c
hai cch:
Cch 1:
Nm r d liu vo, nm su v quy trnh cng ngh ghi trng thi n
nh hin nhin.
Ghi cc trng thi chuyn r rng (cc trng thi n nh 2 d dng nhn
ra).
Cc trng thi khng bit chc chn th trng v s b sung sau.
Cch 2:
Phn tch xem tng in trng thi. Vic ny l logic, cht ch, r
rng.
Tuy nhin rt kh khn, nhiu khi khng phn bit c cc trng thi
tng t nh sau.
-
21
V d ta c bng sau:
Bin(x)
Trng
thi(S)
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S2/1
S4/1
S1/1
S3/1
S5/0
S4/1
S2/0
S1/1
S4/0
S3/0
S3/0
S4/1
S1/1
S2/0
S4/0
1.7.2. Phng php hnh trng thi:

M t cc trng thi chuyn ca mt mch logic tng t. hnh gm: cc
nh, cung nh hng, trn cung ny ghi tn hiu vo/ra & kt qu. Phng php ny
thng dng cho hm ch mt u ra.
a. hnh Mealy:
hnh Mealy chnh l s chuyn trng thi thnh hnh.
ta thc hin chuyn t bng trng thi sang hnh:
Bng c 5 trng thi; l nm nh ca hnh.
Cc cung nh hng trn ghi hai thng s: bin tc ng, kt qu hm khi
chu s tc ng ca bin.
/1
(++)/1
0
3
(+)/1
/1
0
5
/0
Hnh 1.10: hnh Mealy

b. hnh Moore:
hnh Moore cng thc hin chuyn bng trng thi thnh hnh. T bng
trng thi hay t hnh Moore ta chuyn sang hnh nh sau:
Vi nh l cc gi tr trng thi: cung nh hng; bin ghi tc ng.
22
Bc 1: T cc bng trng thi ta tm ra cc trng thi & gi tr tng ng.

V d: bng bn c 5 trng thi t S1 S5 nhng ch c: S1 c gi tr S1/1; S5 c gi tr
S5/0
Cn cc trng thi: S2 , S3 , S4 c 2 gi tr 0 & 1 nn ta c 6 nh.
Vy tng cng, hnh Moore c 8 nh. nh ny gn tng ng vi cc Q, t Q1
n Q8 .
Q1 = S2/0 ; Q2 = S3/0 ; Q3 = S4/0 ;Q4 = S5/0 ; Q5 = S1/1 ; Q6 = S2/1 ; Q7 = S3/1
Q8 = S4/1
Bc 2:
Tin hnh thnh lp bng nh sau:
(T bng trng thi ta tin hnh in nh Qi vo v d gc u bn tri, ging
vi S2 bn bng trng thi ta c S4 /1 Q8 in Q8 vo ny, tng t nh vy
cho n ht).
ct tn hiu ra l kt qu ca tng nh Q tng ng.
Bc 3: Tin hnh v th Moore tng t hnh Mealy.
* th Moore c nhiu nh hn hnh Mealy. Nhng bin u ra n gin hn
Mealy.
Q4/0
+
+
Q3/0
Q2/0
Q1/0
(+)
Q5/1
Q6/1
(++)
Q7/1
Q8/1
(+)
Hnh 1.11: hnh Moore

1.7.3. Phng php lu :
Phng php ny m t h thng mt cch trc quan, bao gm cc khi c bn sau:
1) Khi ny biu th gi tr ban u chun b sn sng hoc cho h thng
hot ng.
2) Thc hin cng vic (x l, tnh ton ...).
3) Khi kim tra iu kin v a ra mt trong hai quyt nh.
4) Kt thc cng vic.
V d ta c s thut ton sau:
Chuyn a) sang hnh Moore; hnh c su nh, nm nh l trng thi ca z, mt
nh cn li l trng thi bt u v kt thc.
23
1.8 Grafcet_Cng c m t mch trnh t trong cng nghip:

1.8.1. Hot ng theo logic trnh t ca thit b trong cng nghip:
Trong dy chuyn sn xut cng nghip my mc thng hot ng theo trnh
t logic cht ch nhm m bo cht lng sn phm, an ton cho ngi v thit b.
Cu trc hot ng trnh t ca dy chuyn a ra yu cu cho iu khin ng thi
cng gi cho ta s phn nhm logic ca hot ng trnh t bi cc tp hp con ca
my mc v cc thut ton iu khin bng chng trnh con. S khi ca h iu
khin qu trnh c th hin theo s sau:
Tn hiu
vo
Cu trc
iu khin
trnh t
Qu trnh
Hnh 1.12: S khi ca h iu khin qu trnh

Mt qu trnh cng ngh bao gm ba hnh thc hot ng sau:
+ Hon ton t ng
+ Bn t ng
+ Bng tay
Trong qu trnh h thng lm vic, m bo an ton v linh hot, h iu khin cn
phi c s chuyn i d dng t t ng bn t ng hoc bng tay v
ngc li nh vy h mi p ng c yu cu thc t.
Trong qu trnh lm vic, s khng bnh thng (s c) ca h thng c rt
nhiu loi; v vy trong qu trnh phn tch h thng c gng m t chng mt cch y
nht, ngha l cc s kin v li a s phi c nh ngha trc. Trong vn v
s c ngi ta thng phn ra lm 3 nhm sau:
+ H hng mt b phn trong cu trc iu khin.
+ H hng cu trc trnh t iu khin.
+ H hng b phn chp hnh.
Khi thit k h thng phi tnh n cc phng n khc nhau nh: vic dng
my khn cp, x l tc ngn vt liu v nhiu hin tng nguy him khc ng thi
cho php ngi vn hnh can thip ngay im xy ra s c hoc c lp vng xy ra s
c .
Grafcet l cng c rt hu ch thit k v thc hin y cc yu cu ca
h thng t ng ho cc qu trnh cng ngh.
24
1.8.2. nh ngha Grafcet:

Grafcet l t vit tt ca ting Php Graphe fontionnel de commande tape
transition, l hnh chc nng cho php m t cc trng thi hot ng ca h thng
v biu din qu trnh iu khin vi cc trng thi chuyn bin t trng thi ny sang
trng thi khc, l mt graphe nh hng v xc nh bi cc phn t sau:
G := {E, T, A, M}
Trong :
+ E = {E1, E2, E3, ... , Em} l mt tp hu hn cc trng thi (giai on ) ca h thng,
c k hiu bng hnh vung. ng vi mi trng thi sao cho hnh vi iu khin l
khng thay i, hnh vi c th hot ng hoc l khng hot ng. iu khin
chnh l thc hin cc mnh logic cha cc bin vo/ra h thng c c trng
thi xc nh trong h v y cng chnh l mt trong cc
trng thi ca Grafcet.
(P, M: a.Ek)
Ej
Trng thi Ej hnh 1.13 l s phi hp gia bin ra P v
M, vi M = a.Ek , trong Ek l bin c trng cho hot
ng ca trng thi Ek cn a l bin u vo ca h.
Hnh 1.13
+ T = {t1, t2, t3, ... ti} l tp hu hn cc chuyn trng thi, biu din bng du gch
ngang. Gia hai trng thi lun tn ti mt chuyn trng thi, chuyn trng thi ny
c dng hm Bool gn vi mt chuyn trng thi mt tip nhn .
Vic thc hin chuyn trng thi tj hnh 1.14 c thc
hin bi tch Ev.a. c , trong Ev l bin c trng cho s
tj
Ev.a. c
hot ng trng thi Ev, cn a, c l cc bin vo. iu kin
chuyn trng thi tj l tj = Ev.a. c .
Hnh 1.14
tj
Ev.(a)
Hnh 1.15
Vic chuyn trng thi tj hnh 1.15 c thc hin bi

iu kin logic: Ev.(a), trong Ek l bin c trng cho
s hot ng trng thi Ek, cn a biu din s thay i t
0 ln 1ca bin u vo a.
+ A = {a1, a2, a3, ... ai} l tp cc cung nh hng ni gia 1 trng thi vi 1 chuyn
trng thi hoc 1 chuyn trng thi vi mt trng thi.
+ M = {m1, m2, m3, ... mi} l tp cc gi tr (0,1). Nu mi = 1 th trng thi i l hot
ng, ngc li trng thi i khng hot ng.
1.8.3. Mt s k hiu dng trong Grafcet:
a) Hnh vung c nh s nh hnh 1.16 a), b) biu th trng thi; hnh ch nht
bn phi dng m t hot ng ca trng thi .
b) Hai hnh ch nht lng vo nhau c nh s, biu th trng thi khi u.
c) Hnh vung nh s c km theo du chm . biu th trng thi hot ng.
25
Khi ng
qut ht
a)
dng bng ti
ph gia
2.
b)
c)
d)
Hnh 1.16
a, b k hiu trng thi ; c trng thi khi u; d trng thi hot ng
5
b
a)
b)
7
c
9
t/q/2s
10
c)
d)
Hnh 1.17
t12
t79
t13
t89
9
a) OR
b) OR
t123
2
t789
c) AND
d) AND
Hnh 1.18
26
d) Du gch ngang biu th cho vic chuyn trng thi. Trng thi c chuyn
khi iu kin chuyn c tho mn. Xem hnh 1.17
e) Cc k hiu phn nhnh hnh 1.18:
Hnh 1.18 a) khi TT1 ang hot ng nu t12 tho mn th TT2 hot ng; nu
t13 tho mn th TT3 hot ng; nu t12 v t13 cng tho mn th TT2 v TT3
cng hot ng gi l TT OR. Tng t cho hnh 1.18 b).
Hnh 1.18 c) TT1 ang hot ng nu t123 tho mn th c hai TT2 v TT3 hot
ng gi l trng thi AND.
Hnh 1.18 d) TT7 v TT8 ang hot ng nu t789 tho mn th TT9 hot ng
trng thi ny gi l TT AND.
f) Hnh 1.19 a) cho php thc hin bc nhy, nu ang hot ng TT2, iu
kin a tho mn th h thng s chuyn hot ng t TT2 sang TT5 b qua TT3
v TT4; ngc li nu a khng tho mn th cc trng thi 3, 4, 5 ln lt s
c thc hin.
2
a
6
d
7
e
b
4
8
c
a)
b)
Hnh 1.19
Hnh 1.19 b) nu iu kin f cha tho mn th TT8 s quay v li TT7, nu f tho mn

th TT8 mi chuyn sang TT9.
1.8.4. ng dng Grafcet:
Ta xt mt v d c th m t hot ng ca h thng t ng iu khin qu
trnh. H thng trn c s cng ngh hnh 1.20. Thng X dng cha nc
chun b cho h thng trn. Trc khi ng c M ko cnh khuy trn yu cu
thng Y phi c nc; cn 1 v 2 cn vt liu; lc ng c M khi ng cnh
khuy cng l lc hai bng ti C1, C2 c khi ng a hai vt liu A, B vo
thng trng Y.
27
A
B
V2
1
V3
V4
2
C1
V1
V5
C2
P
Nlim
Nma
x
Ev
M
Y
Nmin
Sn phm ra
Hnh 1.20: S cng ngh ca h thng trn

Trnh t khuy trn nh sau:
- Nu mc vt liu thng trn l min (Nmin) th h thng lm vic ch t
ng (AUT) Cp tn hiu cho m cc van V1, V2, V3.
- Bm P c khi ng bm nc t thng X vo thng Y.
- Khi khi lng cn trn cc cn 1, 2 th van V2, V3 ng li.
- Nc trong thng Y tng dn cho n khi t mc max (Nmax) th bm P dng
v van V1 ng li.
- Khi vic chun b nguyn vt liu trn xong, ng c khuy M bt u hot
ng ng thi cc van V4, V5 m, bng ti C1, C2 hot ng a liu vo
thng Y.
- Qu trnh trn c tnh bng thi gian t2, sau thi gian t2 th c tn hiu Ft2 xut
hin v ct ng c khuy M kt thc qu trnh trn.
- Nlim l tn hiu cc hn trn cm hot ng khi thng trn Y qu y.
- Trc khi ng c M hot ng th van Ev m tho ht vt liu trong thng Y
ra ngoi n mc min (Nmin ng), ng thi vt liu trn cn 1, 2 ht th van
V4, V5 t ng ng li nhng bng ti C1, C2 cn phi quay thm mt on na
a ht vt liu trn bng ti xung thng Y.
- V l do an ton, h thng cn c nt dng khn cp (AU) khi h thng c s c
bt thng, ng thi trc khi h thng hot ng li cn c tn hiu t li cho
h thng (REP).
28
S cu trc ca h thng:
M
P
C1
C2
V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
Ev
AU
AUTT
REP
Cu trc ca
h iu khin
Cc thit b
ca qu trnh
Nlim
Nmax
A
Nmin
B
Hnh 1.21: S cu trc chung ca h thng trn

y:
M, P, C1, C2, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, Ev l bin iu khin qu trnh: AUT, AU, REP.
A, B, Nmin, Nmax, Nlim l tn hiu qu trnh a v iu khin trng thi.
Vi v d c th ny chng ta cn lu n hai phng thc iu khin sau:
1. Phng thc lm vic t ng theo chu k. Chu k y l chu k trn, ngha
l h thng thc hin xong mi m trn. Mt m trn c bt u bng tn
hiu iu khin AUT (iu kin bt u l P, M, V1, V2... trng thi cha lm
vic).
2. Phng thc kho khi c s c, khi c s c ngu nhin th h thng phi c
dng khn cp bng lnh AU. Lc ny phi cht li ngay kt qu ang x l,
n khi no s c c khc phc xong th c hot ng theo trnh t t li
bng lnh REP vi vic tnh n hoc khng tnh n iu kin khi ng ban
u.
Ban u chng ta bt u i vo thit k h thng cha c lnh AU v REP tham gia,
l Grafcet hnh 1.22. Trng thi khi u trong trng hp ny l TT1. Gi s cc
iu kin u l thng mc min, c cu chp, hnh trng thi tt (sn sng lm
vic)
th trng thi 2, 3, 4 c thc hin (van V1 m, bm P quay, van V2, V3 m a vt
liu xung cn 1, 2). Khi nc trong thng dng ln n mc max (Nmax) th h thng
chuyn sang trng thi 5. Khi khi lng trn cn 1 (tn hiu bo A), khi lng
29
trn cn 2 (tn hiu bo B) th h thng chun sang trng thi 6, 7. Trng thi 5, 6, 7
biu hin cho nguyn liu trong mt m trn chun b xong. Khi cc iu kin Nmax,
A, B tha mn th h thng s chuyn sang trng thi 8, tng ng ng c trn M
hot ng, thi gian t2 c tnh, van V4, V5 m, bng ti C1, C2 hot ng. Khi x ht
liu trn hai cn 1, 2 th van V1, V2 dng v thi gian t1 c tnh hai bng ti chy
thm 1 thi gian na (t1). Sau thi gian ny bng ti dng v tn hiu Ft1 xut hin v
h thng chuyn sang trng thi 9, ti y M vn cn hot ng n khi thi gian t2 kt
thc h thng s chuyn v trng thi ngh chun b cho chu k tip theo.
1
10
AU_Nmin
Mmin
P, V1
3
Nmax
V2
V3
REP_ AU
AU
11
M, V4, V5, C1, C2, t1

Ft1
M, t2
Ft2
Hnh 1.22
Hnh 1.22 b) xt cho trng hp s c v khc phc xong s c tin hnh chy
li h thng.
30
Hnh 1.23 v 1.24 tnh n cc trng hp s c v t li.
1
10
AU_Nmin.M10
Mmin.M10
P, V1
Nmax.M10
V2.M10
V3.M10
A.M10
REP. AU
B.M10
AU
11
M10
M, V4, V5, C1, C2, t1
AU
AU
Ft1. AU
M, t2
Ft2. AU
12
REP.M10
9
Ev.M10
13
14
Nmin.M10
C1, C2, t1:M10

Ft1.M10
15
16
Hnh 1.23
31
15
14
AU .REP
14
REP.M14
Ev:M14
15
15
M14.Nmin
C1,C2,t1:M14
Ft1.M14
15
15
AUT.M14.Nlim
P,V1,Nlim:M14
15
15
Nmax.M14
V2:M14
15
A.M14
15
15
V3:M14
B.M14
15
M14
M,V4,V5,C1,C2,t1
15
F1. AU
M,t2
15
AU
AU
F2. AU
Hnh 1.24
32
Chng 2: B iu khin lp trnh PLC
CHNG 2: B IU KHIN LP TRNH PLC

2.1. c im b iu khin logic kh trnh (PLC):
Programmable Control Systems
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
S ra i ca b iu khin PLC:
- Nm 1642, Pascal pht minh ra my tnh c kh dng bnh rng.
n nm 1834 Babbage hon thin my tnh c kh "vi sai" c kh nng tnh ton
vi chnh xc ti 6 con s thp phn.
- Nm 1808, Joseph M.Jaquard dng cc l trn tm ba th kim loi mng, sp xp
chng trn my dt theo nhiu chiu khc nhau iu khin my dt t ng thc
hin cc mu hng phc tp.
- Trc nm 1904, Hoa K v c s dng mch rle trin khai chic my tnh
in t u tin trn th gii.
- Nm 1943, Mauhly v Ackert ch to "ci my tnh" u tin gi l "my tnh v tch
phn s in t" vit tt l ENIAC. My c:
18.000 n in t chn khng.
500.000 mi hn th cng.
Chim din tch 1613 ft2.
Cng sut tiu th in 174 kW.
6000 nt bm.
Khong vi trm phch cm.
Chic my tnh ny phc tp n ni ch mi thao tc c vi pht li v h hng
xut hin. Vic sa cha lp t li n in t chy li phi mt n c tun.
Ch ti khi p dng k thut bn dn vo nm 1948, a vo sn xut cng nghip vo
nm 1956 th nhng my tnh in t lp trnh li mi c sn xut v thng mi
ho.
S pht trin ca my tnh cng km theo k thut iu khin t ng.
Mch tch hp in t - IC - nm 1959.
Mch tch hp gam rng - LSI - nm 1965.
B vi x l - nm 1974.
D liu chng trnh - iu khin.
K thut lu gi...
Nhng pht minh ny nh du mt bc rt quan trng v quyt nh trong
vic pht trin t k thut my tnh v cc ng dng ca n nh PLC, CNC,... lc ny
khi nim iu khin bng c kh v bng in t mi c phn bit.
n cui thp k 20, ngi ta dng nhiu ch tiu phn bit cc loi k thut iu
khin, bi v trong thc t sn xut i hi iu khin tng th nhng h thng my
tnh ch khng iu khin n l tng my.
S pht trin ca PLC em li nhiu thun li v lm cho n cc thao tc my tr
nn nhanh, nhy, d dng v tin cy hn. N c kh nng thay th hon ton cho cc
phng php iu khin truyn thng dng rle (loi thit b phc tp v cng knh);
33
kh nng iu khin thit b d dng v linh hot da trn vic lp trnh trn cc lnh
logic c bn; kh nng nh thi, m; gii quyt cc vn ton hc v cng ngh;
kh nng to lp, gi i, tip nhn nhng tn hiu nhm mc ch kim sot s kch
hot hoc nh ch nhng chc nng ca my hoc mt dy chuyn cng ngh.
Nh vy nhng c im lm cho PLC c tnh nng u vit v thch hp trong
mi trng cng nghip:
Kh nng khng nhiu rt tt.
Cu trc dng module rt thun tin cho vic thit k, m rng, ci to nng
cp...
C nhng modul chuyn dng thc hin nhng chc nng c bit hay
nhng modul truyn thng kt ni PLC vi mng cng nghip hoc mng
Internet...
Kh nng lp trnh c, lp trnh d dng cng l c im quan trng xp
hng mt h thng iu khin t ng .
Yu cu ca ngi lp trnh khng cn gii v kin thc in t m ch cn
nm vng cng ngh sn xut v bit chn thit b thch hp l c th lp trnh
c.
Thuc vo h sn xut linh hot do tnh thay i c chng trnh hoc thay
i trc tip cc thng s m khng cn thay i li chng trnh.
2.2. Cc khi nim c bn v PLC:
Cc thnh phn ca mt PLC thng c cc modul phn cng sau:
1. Modul ngun.
2. Modul n v x l trung tm.
3. Modul b nh chng trnh v d liu.
4. Modul u vo.
5. Modul u ra.
6. Modul phi ghp ( h tr cho vn truyn thng ni b).
7. Modul chc nng ( h tr cho vn truyn thng mng).
Panel lp
trnh, vn
hnh,
gim st.
B nh
chng
trnh
Khi ng vo
B nh
d liu
n v
x l
trung tm
Ngun
Khi ng ra
Qun
l
vic
phi
ghp
Hnh 2.1: M hnh tng qut ca mt PLC
34
2.2.1. PLC hay PC:

thc hin mt chng trnh iu khin s th yu cu PLC phi c tnh nng
nh mt my tnh (PC).
CPU (n v x l trung tm).
B nh chnh (RAM, EEPROM, EPROM...), b nh m rng.
H iu hnh.
Port vo/ra (giao tip trc tip vi thit b iu khin).
Port truyn thng (trao i thng tin vi mi trng xung quanh).
Cc khi chc nng c bit nh: T, C, cc khi chuyn dng khc.
2.2.2. So snh vi h thng iu khin khc:
iu khin
Vi chc nng c lu tr bng :
Tp xc vt l
B nh kh lp trnh
Quy trnh cng
Quy trnh mm
Khng thay
i
Thay i
c
Kh lp trnh
t do
B nh thay
i c
Lin kt cng
Lin kt
phch cm
RAM EEPROM
ROM EPROM
Rle, linh kin in t, mch

in t, c - thu kh
PLC x l mt bit.
PLC x l t ng
Hnh 2.2: Nhng c trng lp trnh ca cc loi iu khin

PLC c u im vt tri so vi cc h thng iu khin c in nh rle, mch t hp
in t, IC s.
Thit b cho php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin s thng qua
ngn ng lp trnh.
B iu khin s nh gn.
D dng trao i thng tin vi mi trng xung quanh nh: TD (text display),
OP (operation), PC, PG hay mng truyn thng cng nghip, k c mng
internet.
35
Thc hin chng trnh lin tc theo vng qut.

2.3. Cu trc phn cng ca PLC:
2.3.1. n v x l trung tm (CPU Central Procesing Unit):
Thng trong mi PLC c mt n v x l trung tm, ngoi ra cn c mt s
loi ln c ti hai n v x l trung tm dng thc hin nhng chc nng iu
khin phc tp v quan trng gi l hot standby hay redundant.
a) n v x l "mt -bit": Thch hp cho nhng ng dng nh, ch n thun l logic
ON/OFF, thi gian x l di, nhng kt cu n gin nn gi thnh h vn c th
trng chp nhn.
b) n v x l "t - ng":
X l nhanh cc thng tin s, vn bn, php tnh, o lng, nh gi, kim tra.
Cu trc phn cng phc tp hn nhiu.
Gi thnh cao.
* Nguyn l hot ng:
- Thng tin lu tr trong b nh chng trnh gi tun t (do c iu khin v
kim sot bi b m chng trnh do n v x l trung tm khng ch).
- B x l lin kt cc tn hiu (d liu) n l (theo mt quy nh no - do thut
ton iu khin) rt ra kt qu l cc lnh cho u ra.
- S thao tc tun t ca chng trnh i qua mt chu trnh y ri sau li bt u
li t u thi gian gi l "thi gian qut".
- o thi gian m b x l x l 1 Kbyte chng trnh lm ch tiu nh gi gia cc PLC.
Nh vy b vi x l quyt nh kh nng v chc nng ca PLC.
Bng 2.1: So snh b vi x l 1 bt v b vi x l t ng
B x l mt - bit
B x l t - ng
X l trc tip cc tn hiu u vo Cc tn hiu vo/ra ch c th c
(a ch n).
a ch ho thng qua t ng.
Cung cp lnh nh hn, thng Cung cp tp lnh ln hn, i hi
thng ch l mt quyt nh
phi c nhng kin thc v vi tnh.
c/ khng.
Ngn ng u vo n gin, khng Ngn ng u vo phc tp dng
cn kin thc tnh ton.
cho vic cung cp lnh ln.
Kh nng hn ch trong vic x l Thu thp v x l d liu s.
d liu s (khng c chc nng
ton hc v logic).
Chng trnh thc hin lin tip, Cc qu trnh thi gian ti hn
khng b gin on, thi gian ca c a ch ho qua cc lnh gin
chu trnh tng i di.
on hoc chuyn i iu khin
khn cp.
Ch phi c vi my tnh n Phi ghp vi my tnh hoc h
gin.
thng cc my tnh.
Kh nng x l cc tn hiu tng X l tn hiu tng t c u
t b hn ch.
vo v u ra.
36
2.2.3. B nh: Bao gm c RAM, ROM, EEPROM.

Mt ngun in d phng l cn thit cho RAM duy tr d liu ngay c khi
mt ngun in chnh.
B nh c thit k thnh dng modul cho php d dng thch nghi vi cc
chc nng iu khin vi cc kch c khc nhau. Mun rng b nh ch cn cm th
nh vo rnh cm ch sn trn modul CPU.
2.3.4. Khi vo/ra:
Hot ng x l tn hiu bn trong PLC: 5VDC, 15VDC (in p cho h TTL &
CMOS). Trong khi tn hiu iu khin bn ngoi c th ln hn. khong 24VDV
n 240VDC hay 110VAC n 220VAC vi dng ln.
Khi giao tip vo ra c vai tr giao tip gia mch vi in t ca PLC vi
mch cng sut bn ngoi.Thc hin chuyn mc in p tn hiu v cch ly bng
mch cch ly quang (Opto-isolator) trn cc khi vo ra. Cho php tn hiu nh i qua
v ghim cc tn hiu c mc cao xung mc tn hiu chun. Tc dng chng nhiu tt
khi chuyn cng tc bo v qu p t ngun cung cp in ln n in p 1500V.
Ng vo: nhn trc tip tn hiu t cm bin.
Ng ra: l cc transistor, rle hay triac vt l.
2.3.5. Thit b lp trnh: C 2 loi thit b c th lp trnh c l
Cc thit b chuyn dng i vi tng nhm PLC ca hng tng ng.
My tnh c ci t phn mm l cng c l tng nht.
2.3.6. Rle: Rle l b nh 1 bt, c tc dng nh rle ph tr vt l nh trong mch
iu khin dng rle truyn thng gi l cc r le logic. Theo thut ng my tnh th
rle cn c gi l c, k hiu l M. C rt nhiu loi rle chng ta s kho st k hn
i vi loi cc PLC ca hng.
2.3.7. Modul qun l vic phi ghp: Dng phi ghp b PLC vi cc thit b bn
ngoi nh my tnh, thit b lp trnh, bng vn hnh v mng truyn thng cng
nghip.
2.3.8. Thanh ghi (Register): l b nh 16 bit hay 32 bit lu tr tm thi khi PLC
thc hin qu trnh tnh ton.
- Thanh ghi cht (Latch register) duy tr ni dung cho n khi n c chng ln bng
ni dung mi.
- Thanh ghi chuyn dng (Special register).
- Thanh ghi tp tin hay thanh ghi b nh chng trnh (Program memory registers).
- Thanh ghi iu chnh gi tr c t bin tr bn ngoi (External adjusting register).
- Thanh ghi ch mc (Index register).
2.3.9. B m (Counter): k hiu l C.
a) Phn loi theo tn hiu u vo:
- B m ln.
- B m xung.
- B m ln - xung, b m ny c c chuyn dng chn chiu m.
- B m pha ph thuc vo s lch pha gia hai tn hiu xung kch.
37
- B m tc cao (high speed counter), xung kch c tn s cao khong vi kHz n

vi chc kHz.
b) Phn loi theo kch thc ca thanh ghi v chc nng ca b m:
- B m 16 bit: thng l b m chun, c gi tr m trong khong -32768 32767.
- B m 32 bit: cng c th l b m chun nhng thng l b m tc cao.
- B m cht: duy tr ni dung m ngay c khi PLC b mt in.
2.3.10. B nh th (timer): k hiu l T, c dng nh cc s kin c quan tm
n vn thi gian, b nh th trn PLC c gi l b nh th logic. Vic t chc
nh th thc cht l mt b m xung vi chu k c th thay i c. Chu k ca
xung tnh bng n v ms gi l phn gii. Tham s ca b nh th l khong thi
gian nh th, tham s ny c th l bin hoc l hng nhp vo l s nguyn.
2.4. Gii thiu mt s nhm PLC ph bin hin nay trn th gii:
1. Siemens: c ba nhm
CPU S7 200:
CPU 21x: 210; 212; 214; 215-2DP; 216.
CPU 22x: 221; 222; 224; 224XP; 226; 226XM.
CPU S7300: 312IFM; 312C; 313; 313C; 313C-2DP+P; 313C-2DP; 314;
314IFM; 314C-2DP+P; 314C-2DP; 315; 315-2DP; 315E-2DP; 316-2DP; 318-2
CPU S7400: Lin h cataloge Siemens.
2. Mitsubishi: H FX
3. Omron: H CMQ
4. Controtechnique: H Compact TWD LCAA 10DRP; TWD LCAA 16DRP; TWD
LCAA 24DRP...
5. ABB: Ba nhm
AC 100M
AC 400M
AC 800M, y l loi c 2 module CPU lm vic song song theo ch d
phng nng.
2.5. Tng quan v h PLC S7-200 ca hng Siemens:
C hai series: 21x (loi c khng cn sn xut na) v 22x (loi mi). V mt
tnh nng th loi mi c u im hn nhiu. Bao gm cc loi CPU sau: 221, 222,
224, 224XP, 226, 226XM trong CPU 224XP c h tr analog 2I/1O onboard v 2
port truyn thng.
38
Bng 2.2: Cc loi CPU S7-200
Bng 2.3: So snh cc thng s v c im k thut ca series 22x
39
Bng 2.4: M s v cc thng s v in p ngun v I/O
Bng 2.5: Cc thng s v cng sut tiu th v dng in I/O
2.6. Cu trc phn cng ca S7-200:

2.6.1. Hnh dng bn ngoi:
1. Cc n trng thi:
n RUN-mu xanh: Ch nh PLC ch lm vic v thc hin chng
trnh c np vo b nh chng trnh.
n STOP-mu vng: Ch nh PLC ch STOP, dng chng trnh ang
thc hin li (cc u ra u ch off).
n SF-mu , n bo hiu h thng b hng c ngha l li phn cng hoc
h iu hnh. y cn phn bit r li h thng vi li chng trnh ngi
dng, khi li chng trnh ngi dng th CPU khng th nhn bit c v
trc khi download xung CPU, phn mm lp trnh lm nhim v kim tra
trc khi dch sang m my.
40
Hnh 2.3: CPU S7-200 module

n Ix.x-mu xanh: Ch nh trng thi On/Off ca u vo s.
n Qx.x-mu xanh: Ch nh trng thi On/Off ca u vo s.
Port truyn thng ni tip: RS 485 protocol, 9 chn s dng cho vic
phi ghp vi PC, PG, TD200, TD200C, OP, mng bin tn, mng cng
nghip.
Tc truyn - nhn d liu theo kiu PPI tc chun l 9600 baud.
Tc truyn - nhn d liu theo kiu Freeport l 300 38400 baud.
Hnh 2.4: Cu trc ca port RS 485
41
Bng 2.6: M t chc nng ca cc chn ca port RS 485
2. Cng tc chn ch :
Cng tc chn ch RUN: Cho php PLC thc hin chng trnh, khi
chng trnh gp li hoc gp lnh STOP th PLC s t ng chuyn sang ch
STOP mc d cng tc vn ch RUN (nn quan st n trng thi).
Cng tc chn ch STOP: Khi chuyn sang ch STOP, dng cng bc
chng trnh ang chy, cc tn hiu ra lc ny u v off.
Cng tc chn ch TERM: cho php ngi vn hnh chn mt trong hai
ch RUN/STOP t xa, ngoi ra ch ny c dng download chng
trnh ngi dng.
3. Vt chnh nh tng t: Mi CPU c t 1 n 2 vt chnh nh tng t, c th xoay
c mt gc 270, dng thay i gi tr ca bin s dng trong chng trnh.
4. Pin v ngun nui b nh: S dng t vn nng v pin. Khi nng lng ca t b cn
kit PLC s t ng chuyn sang s dng nng lng t pin.
2.6.2. Giao tip vi thit b ngoi vi:
a) Thit b lp trnh loi PGxx c trang b sn phn mm lp trnh, ch lp trnh c
vi ngn ng STL.
b) My tnh PC: H iu hnh Win 95/98/ME/2000/NT4.x.
Trn c ci t phn mm Step7 Micro/Win 32 v Step7 Micro/Dos. Hin nay hu
ht s dng Step7 Mcro/Win 32 version 3.0, 3.2, 4.0. V4.0 cho php ngi lp trnh c
th xem c gi tr, trng thi cng nh th ca cc bin. Nhng ch s dng c
trn my tnh c ci t h iu hnh Window 2000/ WinNT v PLC loi version mi
nht hin nay. Sau y l cch ci t v giao tip gia PC-PLC:
42
Hnh 2.6: Ci t phn mm STEP7 trn Window 95/98/ME/2000/NT

Sau khi thc hin xong, trn mn hnh s xut hin:
43
Hnh 2.7: Giao tip gia PC/PG vi PLC thng qua PC/PPI cable
44
Sau khi tin hnh lp t phn cng xong, ta tin hnh thit lp truyn thng gia
PC/PG vi PLC. l thit lp tc , s bit d liu truyn/nhn, bit chn l, cng
COM, a ch PLC, thi gian Time out... c tin hnh nh sau:
Hnh 2.8: Thit lp kt ni gia PC/PG ti PLC

1. Kch chut vo biu tng Communications trn Group bar.
2. Kim tra vic thit lp truyn thng.
3. Kch double vo biu tng Refresh d tm a ch v cc thng s
ca PLC.
4. Nu khng nhn c phn hi t PLC hoc Window vn khng thit lp
c truyn thng th kch vo Set PG/PC interface sau kch double vo
PC/PPI cable.
5. nh du vo PC/PPI cable v chn properties...
6. Vo PPI/Addres t a ch 2 (a ch mc nh) v tc truyn l 9.6
kbps. Vo Local connection/ connnection to chn port kt ni
(COM1/COM2/USB), chp nhn vic la chon ny bng nt OK.
45
7. Vo kch double biu tng Refresf ln na xem s kt ni gia PC

v PLC.
c) Giao tip vi mng cng nghip:
Nu l mng PPI th ch cn u ni v ni trc tip vo Port truyn thng ca
CPU.
Nu l mng Profibus - DP phi c thm modul EM 277.
Nu l mng Ethernet hoc internet phi c thm modul CP 243-1/ CP 2431IT.
Nu l mng AS-I phi c thm modul CP 243-2.
Ngoi ra cn c thm TD200 (Text Display) dng hin th v thng bo
bng text, c th iu chnh trc tip gi tr ca bin trong chng trnh ngi
dng, ng vai tr nh mt panel vn hnh.
TP070 loi ny l Touch panel, c thit k c bit cho S7-200, c chc nng nh
HMI (Human Mechanical Interface).
Tip!: Gi phn mm STEP 7 Micro/Win32 V3.x cng c chia ra nhiu modul.
Modul chnh dng thc hin nhnh chc nng c bn, mt s modul chuyn dng
nh: USS hay Modbus, S7-200 Toolbox: TP_Desinger cho OP 070 ( cu hnh cho
TO 070), Microcomputing limited, ActiveX components h tr vic truyn thng
gia PC vi PLC qua cc ngn lp trnh khc. S7-200 OPC server for random OPC
clients cng s dng cho vic truy xut d liu vi S7-200.
2.6.3. Giao tip gia sensor v c cu chp hnh:
S7-200 c hai loi c bn:
AC/DC/RLY_loi ny in p ngun cung cp t 85 264VAC, tn s 47 63 Hz;
in p vo: c ngun cung cp in p chun cho sensor l 24VDC.
in p ra: loi ny s dng ngun in ngoi, c th l DC hoc AC nhng khng
vt qu 220V. Nu s dng i vi nhng thit b tiu th c cng sut b khong
chng vi Woat th c th ly trc tip ngun ca cm bin.
Sau y l th d v mch in giao tip gia PLC vi cm bin v c cu chp hnh l
ng c 1 chiu c o chiu quay.
46
Hnh 2.9: S mch in giao tip gia CPU 221

loi AC/DC/RLY v c cu chp hnh
47
Hnh 2.10: S mch giao tip gia CPU 224 AC/DC/RLY

vi sensor v c cu chp hnh
Hnh 2.11: S mch giao tip gia CPU 224 DC/DC/DC

vi sensor v c cu chp hnh
DC/DC/DC_Ngun nui 24VDC.
Ngun nui cm bin 24VDC.
u ra Transitor h colector ngun cung cp 24VDC.
2.7. Cu trc b nh S7-200:

2.7.1. Phn chia b nh: B nh c chia lm 4 vng c bn, hu ht cc vng nh
u c kh nng c/ghi ch tr vng nh c bit SM (Special Memory) l vng nh
c s ch c, s cn li c th c/ghi c.
Vng nh chng trnh: L min b nh c dng lu gi cc lnh.
chng trnh. Vng ny thuc kiu non-valatie c/ghi c.
Vng nh tham s: L min lu gi cc tham s nh t kho, a ch trm...
cng ging nh vng chng trnh, vng ny thuc kiu (non-valatile) c/ghi
c.
48
Vng d liu: c s dng ct cc d liu ca chng trnh bao gm kt

qu ca cc php tnh, hng s c nh ngha trong chng trnh, b m
truyn thng...
Vng i tng: Timer, b m, b m tc cao v cc cng vo/ra tng
t c t trong vng nh cui cng. Vng ny khng thuc kiu non-valatile
nhng c/ghi c.
Hai vng nh cui cng c ngha quan trng trong vic thc hin mt chng trnh.
Do vy s c trnh by chi tit mc tip theo.
Chng trnh
Chng trnh
Chng trnh
Tham s
Tham s
Tham s
D liu
D liu
D liu
EEPROM
i tng
Min nh ngoi
Hnh 2.12: B nh trong v ngoi ca S7200

2.7.2. Vng nh d liu v i tng v cch truy cp:
Vng nh d liu l vng nh ng, n c th truy cp theo tng bit, byte, t n
(worrd), t kp (double word) v cng c th truy nhp c vi mng d liu. c
s dng lm min lu tr d liu cho cc thut ton, cc hm truyn thng, lp bng,
cc hm dch chuyn, xoay vng thanh ghi, con tr a ch...
Vng i tng c s dng lu gi d liu cho cc i tng lp trnh nh cc
gi tr tc thi, gi tr t trc ca Counter hay Timer. D liu kiu i tng bao
gm cc thanh ghi ca counter, Timer, cc b m tc cao, b m vo/ra tng t
v cc thanh ghi AC (Accumulator).
Vng nh d liu v i tng c chia ra nhiu min nh nh vi nhng ng dng
khc nhau. Chng c k hiu bng ch ci u ca tn ting Anh. Thng s, chc
nng, gii hn ca cc vng nh tng ng vi tng CPU c m t qua cc bng
sau:
49
Bng 2.7: c im v gii hn vng nh ca CPU S7 22x.
a ch truy nhp c quy c vi cng thc:

Truy nhp theo bit:
- Vit: tn min (+) a ch byte (+).(+) ch s bit (t 07).
- c: ngc li, v d: V12.7_bit 7 ca byte 12 trong vng nh V.
M8.2_bit 2 ca byte 8 trong vng nh M.
Truy nhp theo byte:
- Vit: tn min (+) B (+) a ch ca byte trong min.
- c: ngc li, v d: VB32_byte 32 trong vng nh V.
truy nhp theo Word (t n):
- Vit: tn min (+) W (+) a ch byte cao ca t trong min.
- c: ngc li, v d: VW180_Word 180 trong vng nh V, t ny gm c
2 byte 180 v 181.
50
15 14 13
VW180
12
11 10
VB180 (byte cao)
VB181(byte thp)
Truy nhp theo double Word (t kp):

- Vit: tn min (+) D (+)a ch byte cao ca t cao trong min.
- c: ngc li, v d: VD8_double Word 8 trong vng nh V, t kp ny
bao gm 4 byte 8, 9, 10, 11.
31
VD8
24 23
Byte 8
16
Byte 9
15
Byte 10
Byte 11
Tt c cc byte thuc vng d liu u c th truy nhp bng con tr. Con tr
quy nh trong vng nh V, L hoc cc thanh ghi AC1, AC2, AC3. Mi con tr gm
4 byte, dng lnh MOVD. Quy c s dng con tr truy nhp nh sau:
Truy nhp con tr a ch:
&a ch byte (cao) l ton hng ly a ch ca byte, t hoc t kp m con tr ang
ch vo. V d:
- AC1=&VB10, thanh ghi AC1 cha i ch ca byte 10 thuc vng nh V.
- VD100=&VW110, t kp VD100 cha a ch byte cao (VB110) ca t n
VW110.
- AC2=&VD150, thanh ghi AC2 cha a ch ca byte cao (VB150) ca t
kp VD150.
Truy nhp con tr d liu:
*con tr d liu l ton hng ly ni dung ca byte, t hoc t kp m con tr
ang ch vo. V d nh i php gn a ch trn th:
- *AC1 = VB10, ly ni dung ca byte VB10.
- *VD100 = VW110, ly ni dung ca t n VW110.
- *AC1 = VD150, ly ni dung ca t kp VD150.
Php gn a ch v s dng con tr nh trn cng c tc dng vi nhng
thanh ghi 16 bit ca Timer, b m thuc vng i tng hay cc vng nh I, Q, V, M,
AI, AQ, SM.
51
AC1
VB109
VB110
VB111
VB112
VB113
a ch VW110
1
3
5
7
2
4
6
8
MOVD &VW110, AC1 to con tr a ch bng cch

a a ch ca byte cao VB110 vo thanh ghi AC1.
AC0
1 2 3 4
MOVD *AC1, AC0, a gi tr trong word VW110

vo trong thanh ghi AC0.
AC1
VB109
VB110
VB111
VB112
VB113
a ch VW112
1
3
5
7
2
4
6
8
+D +2, AC1 cng 2 vo gi tr a ch ca con tr

VW110 ri lu gi trong thanh ghi AC1.
MOVD *AC1, AC0, a gi tr trong word VW112
vo trong thanh ghi AC0.
AC0
5 6 7 8
Hnh 2.13: Cch to v s dng con tr a ch

2.7.3 M rng cng vo ra:
S module m rng tu thuc vo tng loi CPU, s module tng ng vi
tng loi CPU c trnh by theo bng 2.3. Cch mc ni cc module m rng c
mc ni tip (theo mt mc xch) v pha bn phi ca module CPU.
Cc module s hoc tng t u chim ch trn b m vo/ra tng ng
vi u vo/ra ca module. V d v cch khai bo a ch trn cc module m rng:
Hnh 2.14: Ghp ni CPU 224XP vi module m rng
52
Hnh 2.15: Ghp ni CPU 212 vi module m rng
Hnh 2.16: Ghp ni CPU 214 hoc 215 vi module m rng
53
Chng 3: Ngn ng lp trnh v ng dng
CHNG 3: NGN NG LP TRNH V NG DNG

3.1.Gii thiu cc ngn ng lp trnh:
Lp trnh cho S7 200 v cc PLC khc ca hng Siemens da trn 3 phng
php c bn:
Phng php hnh thang (Ladder logic _ LAD).
Phng php khi hm (Function Block Diagram _ FBD).
Phng php lit k cu lnh (Statement List _ STL).
Chng ny s gii thiu cc thnh phn c bn ca ba phng php v cch s dng
chng trong lp trnh.
Nu chng trnh c vit theo ngn ng LAD (hoc FBD) th c th chyn sang
ngn ng STL hay FBD (hoc LAD) tng ng. Nhng khng phi bt c chng
trnh vit theo STL no cng chuyn sang ngn ng LAD hay FBD c. B tp lnh
STL c trnh by trong gio n ny u c mt chc nng nh cc tip im, cun
dy, cc hp (trong LAD) hay IC s trong FBD.
Nhng lnh ny phi phi hp c trng thi cc tip im quyt nh v
gi tr trng thi u ra hoc gi tr logic cho php hoc khng cho php thc chc
nng ca mt (hay nhiu) cun dy hoc hp. Trong lp trnh lgic thng hay s dng
hai ngn ng LAD v STL v n gn gi hn i vi chuyn ngnh in. Sau y l
nhng nh ngha cn phi nm khi bt tay vo thit k mt chng trnh:
3.1.1. nh ngha v LAD: LAD l ngn ng lp trnh bng ha. Nhnh thnh phn
c bn dng trong LAD tng ng vi nhng thnh phn c bn dng trong bng
mch rle.
+ Tip im c hai loi: Thng ng
Thng h
+ Cun dy (coil):
( )
+ Hp (box): M t cc hm khc nhau, n lm vic khi c tn hiu a n
hp. C cc nhm hp sau: hp cc b nh thi, hp cc b m, hp di chuyn
d liu, hp cc hm ton hc, hp trong truyn thng mng...
+ Mng LAD: L mch ni cc phn t thnh mt mng hon thin, cc phn t
nh cun dy hoc cc hp phi c mc ng chiu. Ngun in c hai
ng chnh, mt ng bn tri th hin dy nng, mt ng bn phi l dy
trung tnh (neutral) nhng khng c th hin trn giao din lp trnh. Mt
mch lm vic c khi cc phn t c mc ng chiu v kn mch.
3.1.2. nh ngha v STL: L phng php th hin chng trnh di dng tp hp
cc cu lnh. to ra mt chng trnh bng STL, ngi lp trnh cn phi hiu r
phng thc s dng 9 bit trong ngn xp (stack) logic ca S7 200.
Ngn xp l mt khi 9 bit chng ln nhau t S0S8, nhng tt c cc thut ton
lin quan n ngn xp u lm vic vi bit u tin v bit th hai (S0 v S1) ca
ngn xp. gi tr logic mi c th c gi hoc ni thm vo ngn xp. Hai bit S0 v
S1 phi hp vi nhau th ngn xp c ko ln mt bit.
Ngn xp ca S7 200 (logic stack):
54
S0
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
Stack0 bit u tin ca ngn xp.

Stack1 bit th hai ca ngn xp.
Stack2 bit th ba ca ngn xp.
Stack3 bit th t ca ngn xp.
Stack4 bit th nm ca ngn xp.
Stack5 bit th su ca ngn xp.
Stack6 bit th by ca ngn xp.
Stack7 bit th tm ca ngn xp.
Stack8 bit th chn ca ngn xp.
3.2.Vng qut (thc hin chng trnh) v cu trc ca mt chng trnh:

PLC thc hin chng trnh theo vng lp. Mi vng lp c gi l vng qut (scan).
Cc giai on ca vng qut:
Khi gp lnh vo/ra tc thi ngay lp tc h thng dng tt c mi cng vic

khc, ngay c chng trnh x l ngt thc hin chng trnh ny trc tip vi cng
vo/ra.
Nu s dng cc ch ngt, chng trnh con tng ng vi tng tn hiu
ngt c son tho v ci t nh mt b phn ca chng trnh. Chng trnh
x l ngt ch c thc hin trong vng qut khi xut hin tn hiu bo ngt v c
th xy ra bt c thi im n trong vng qut.
55
3.3.Tp lnh S7-200:

Tp lnh ca S7-200 c chia lm 3 nhm:
1. Cc lnh m khi thc hin th lm vic c lp khng ph thuc vo gi tr
logic ca bit u tin trong ngn xp (gi l nhm lnh khng iu kin).
2. Cc lnh ch thc hin khi bit u tin trong ngn xp c gi tr bng 1 (gi
l nhm lnh c iu kin).
3. Cc nhn lnh nh du v tr trong tp lnh (gi l nhm lnh iu khin
chng trnh).
! Cc ngn ng s dng ch I (Immediately) ch ngha tc thi.
Cy lnh
Tp lnh Bit
Tp lnh can thip vo thi gian h thng
Tp lnh truyn thng
Tp lnh so snh
Tp lnh bin i
Tp cc b m
Tp lnh ton hc
Tp lnh ton hc
Tp lnh iu khin ngt

Tp lnh cc php tnh logic bin i
Tp lnh di chuyn d liu
Tp lnh iu khin chng trnh
Tp lnh thao tc vi thanh ghi (dch/quay vng thanh ghi)
Tp lnh lm vic vi chui
Tp lnh lm vic vi bng d liu
Tp cc b nh thi
Tp lnh gi chng trnh con v chng trnh ngt
Hnh 3.3: M t cy lnh vi SIMATIC S7-200

56
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
Hnh 3.4: M t cy lnh bit

2
2
Hnh 3.5: M t cy lnh can thip vo thi gian h thng

2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.6: M t cy lnh truyn thng
57
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
58
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Hnh 3.7: M t cy lnh so snh
59
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.8: M t cy lnh bin i

2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.9: M t cy lnh cc b m

2
2
2
Hnh 3.10: M t cy lnh cc b nh thi

2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.11: M t cy lnh iu khin ngt

60
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.12: M t cy lnh hc kiu Floating-Point

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.13: M t cy lnh ton hc kiu Integer

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.14: M t cy lnh php tnh logic bin i

61
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.15: M t cy lnh di chuyn d liu

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Hnh 3.16: M t cy lnh iu khin chng trnh

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.17: M t cy lnh iu khin chng trnh
62
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.18: M t cy lnh lm vic vi chui
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Hnh 3.19: M t cy lnh lm vic vi bng d liu

! 1_Cc lnh khng iu kin.
2_Cc lnh c iu kin.
3_Cc lnh iu khin chng trnh.
3.4. C php v cch ng dng SIMATIC struction S7-200:
3.4.1. Ton hng v gii hn cho php:
63
Bng 3.1: Gii hn ton hng ca CPU S7-200 series CPU 22x
3.4.2. SIMATIC instructions:

1. SIMATIC Bit Logic Instructions:
STL
LAD
M t
(Description)
Ton hng
(Operands)
Kiu d
liu
(Data
Types)
64

bit
LD
A
O
LDN
bit
AN
ON
LDI
bit
AI
OI
LDNI
bit
AIN
OIN
NOT
EU
ED
NOT
Tip im thng m s c
ng khi bit = 1
bit: I, Q, M, V, SM,
T, C, S, L
Bool
Tip im thng ng s c
m khi bit = 1
T, C, S, L
Bool
Tip im thng m s ng
tc thi (khng ph thuc vo
chu k vng qut)
bit: I
Bool
Tip im thng ng s m
chu k vng qut)
bit: I
Bool
Khng
Khng
o gi tr logic ca bit u tin

trong ngn xp
Bit u tin trong ngn xp c
gi tr bng 1 (trong khong thi
gian ng bng 1 chu k vng
qut) khi pht hin sn ln ca
tn hiu u vo.
Bit u tin trong ngn xp c
gi tr bng 1 (trong khong thi
gian ng bng 1 chu k vng
qut) khi pht hin sn xung
ca tn hiu u vo.
T, C, S, L
Bool
T, C, S, L
Bool
Hnh 3.20: V d minh ho lnh LD, NOT, ED trong chng trnh LAD v STL
65
STL
= bit
=I bit
bit, n
R bit, n
LAD
bit
bit
bit
S
n
bit
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Cun dy u ra trng thi ON

khi c dng in iu khin i
qua.
Cun dy u ra trng thi ON
chu k vng qut) khi c dng
in iu khin i qua.
T, C, S, L
Set 1 mng gm n tip im,

tnh t tip im "bit" (n <=
128 tip im).
SI
bit
RI bit, n
RI
NOP
NOP
n
n
bit: Q
Bool
T, C, S, L
n: IB, QB, MB,
Bool
VB, SMB, SB, LB,
AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
VB, SMB, SB, LB, Bool

AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
SI bit, n
Bool
Reset 1 mng gm n tip
im, tnh t tip im "bit" (n T, C, S, L
n: IB, QB, MB,
<= 128 tip im).
bit
Kiu d
liu
Data Types
Set tc thi 1 mng gm n tip bit: Q

im, tnh t tip im "bit" (n n: IB, QB, MB,
VB, SMB, SB, LB,
<= 128 tip im).
Bool
AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
Reset tc thi 1 mng gm n

tip im, tnh t tip im
"bit" (n <= 128 tip im).
Lnh rng, khng hot ng n

ln.
bit: Q
n: IB, QB, MB,
VB, SMB, SB, LB, Bool
AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
n: 0 255
Byte
66
Hnh 3.21: V d minh ho lnh =, S, R trong chng trnh LAD v STL
2. SIMATIC Compare Byte Instructions:

STL
LDB=
AB=
OB=
LAD
IN1
==B
IN2
LDB<>
AB<>
OB<>
IN1
<>B
IN2
LDB<
AB<
IN1
<B
IN2
M t
(Description)
COMPARE BYTE
Lnh so snh gi tr ca hai byte
IN1 v IN2.
Trng thi tip im l ng khi
lnh so snh IN1= IN2 l ng.

IN1 v IN2.
lnh so snh IN1<> IN2 l ng.

IN1 v IN2.
Ton hng
(Operands)
IB, QB, MB,
VB, SMB, SB,
LB, AC,
Constant,
VD, AC,
LD
IB, QB, MB,
VB, SMB, SB,
LB, AC,
Constant,
VD, AC,
LD
IB, QB, MB,
VB, SMB, SB,
LB, AC,
Kiu d liu
(Data Types)
Byte
Byte
Byte
67

OB<
lnh so snh IN1< IN2 l ng.
LDB<=
AB<=
OB<=
IN1
<=B
IN2
LDB>
AB>
OB>
IN1
>B
IN2
LDB>=
AB>=
OB>=
IN1
>=B
IN2
LDW=
AW=
OW=
LDW<>
AW<>
OW<>
IN1
==I
IN2
IN1
<>I
IN2
LDW>
AW>
OW>
LDW>=
AW>=
OW>=
LDW<
IN1
>I
IN2
IN1
>=I
IN2
IN1
<I
IN2
Constant,
VD, AC,

IN1 v IN2.
lnh so snh IN1<= IN2 l ng.
LD
IB, QB, MB,
VB, SMB, SB,
LB, AC,
Constant,
VD, AC,

IN1 v IN2.
lnh so snh IN1> IN2 l ng.
LD
IB, QB, MB,
VB, SMB, SB,
LB, AC,
Constant,
VD, AC,

IN1 v IN2.
lnh so snh IN1>= IN2 l ng.
LD
IB, QB, MB,
VB, SMB, SB,
LB, AC,
Constant,
VD, AC,
LD
COMPARE WORD (COPARE INTEGER)
Lnh so snh gi tr ca hai
IW, QW, MW, VW,
Word IN1 v IN2.
SMW, SW, LW,
Trng thi tip im l ng khi AC, Constant,
lnh so snh IN1= IN2 l ng.
VD, AC, LD
IW, QW, MW, VW,
Word IN1 v IN2.
SMW, SW, LW,
lnh so snh IN1<> IN2 l ng. VD, AC, LD
Word IN1 v IN2.
lnh so snh IN1 > IN2 l ng.
IW, QW, MW, VW,

SMW, SW, LW,
AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
IW, QW, MW, VW,
Word IN1 v IN2.
SMW, SW, LW,
lnh so snh IN1 >= IN2 l ng. VD, AC, LD
IW, QW, MW, VW,
Word IN1 v IN2.
SMW, SW, LW,
Byte
Byte
Byte
Word
Word
Word
Word
Word
68

lnh so snh IN1 < IN2 l ng.
AW<
OW<
LDW<=
AW<=
OW<=
IN1
<=I
IN2
LDDW=
ADW=
ODW=
LDDW<>
ADW<>
ODW<>
IN1
==D
IN2
IN1
<>D
IN2
LDDW>
ADW>
ODW>
IN1
>D
IN2
LDDW>=
ADW>=
ODW>=
IN1
>=D
IN2
LDDW<
ADW<
ODW<
LDDW<=
ADW<=
ODW<=
LDR=
AR=
IN1
<D
IN2
IN1
<D
IN2
IN1
==R
IN2
OR=
LDR<>
AR<>
IN1
<>R
IN2
AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
IW, QW, MW, VW,
Word IN1 v IN2.
SMW, SW, LW,
lnh so snh IN1 <= IN2 l ng. VD, AC, LD
COMPARE DOUBLEWORD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
DoubleWord IN1 v IN2.
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
Trng thi tip im l ng khi Constant, VD,
lnh so snh IN1 = IN2 l ng.
AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
lnh so snh IN1 <> IN2 l ng.
AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
lnh so snh IN1 > IN2 l ng.
AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
lnh so snh IN1 >= IN2 l ng.
AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
lnh so snh IN1 < IN2 l ng.
AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
lnh so snh IN1 <= IN2 l ng.
AC, LD
COMPARE REAL
Lnh so snh gi tr ca hai s
ID, QD, MD, VD,
thc IN1 v IN2.
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
lnh so snh IN1 = IN2 l ng.
AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
thc IN1 v IN2.
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
Word
Double
Word
Double
Word
Double
Word
Double
Word
Double
Word
Double
Word
Real
Real
69
lnh so snh IN1 <> IN2 l ng
OR<>
LDR>
AR>
IN1
>R
IN2
OR>
LDR>=
AR>=
IN1
>=R
IN2
OR>=
LDR<
AR<
IN1
<R
IN2
OR<
LDR<=
AR<=
OR<=
IN1
<=R
IN2

thc IN1 v IN2.
lnh so snh IN1 > IN2 l ng
thc IN1 v IN2.
lnh so snh IN1 >= IN2 l ng
thc IN1 v IN2.
lnh so snh IN1 < IN2 l ng
thc IN1 v IN2.
lnh so snh IN1 <= IN2 l ng
Constant, VD,
AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
Constant, VD,
Real
AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
Constant, VD,
Real
AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
Constant, VD,
Real
AC, LD
ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD, AC,
Constant, VD,
Real
AC, LD
Hnh 3.22: V d minh ho lnh so snh trong chng trnh LAD, FBD v STL
3. SIMATIC Timer Instructions:

70
STL
LAD
TON Txxx, PT
Txxx
TON
EN
PT
Txxx
TONR Txxx, PT
TONR
EN
PT
Txxx
TOF
EN
PT
TOF Txxx, PT
M t
(Description)
On_Delay_Timer (TON)
y l lnh m thi
gian hot khi tn hiu
EN l ON.
Khi gi tr m tc thi
trong thanh ghi CT >=
gi tr t trc trong
thanh ghi PT th bit
trng thi Txxx ca b
Timer l ON.
Ton hng
(Operands)
Kiu d
liu
(Data
Types)
Txxx: Constant
IN : power flow
word
bool
Gi tr m tc thi
trong thanh ghi CT =
0 v bit trng thi v
off khi tn hiu u
vo l off. Ngc li
PT: IW, QW,
MW, SMW,
vi b TON, thanh
VW, LW, SW,
ghi CV v bit trng
AIW,
T, C, AC,
thi vn gi nguyn
Constant, VD,
tr khi c lnh Reset
b TONR. Ngoi ra
AC, LD
c th s dng lnh
Reset xo thanh
ghi tc thi cng nh
bit trng thi ca b
TON.
Ta c th s dng
ton hng Word (INT)
tng ng vi lnh
INT hay ton hng bit
tng ng vi bit
trng thi.
Trng thi ca bit
Txxx c cung trng
thi vi tn hiu ti
chn EN u vo,
ti thi im ny gi
tr trong thanh ghi
CT= 0. Ti thi im
INT
71
khi c sn xung
ca tn hiu chn
EN gi tr trong thanh
ghi CV bt u tng
dn n khi CT = PT
bit Txxx xung mc
thp v CT gi
nguyn gi tr ny cho
n khi c tn hiu
(mc cao mi kch
vo chn EN).
C th xo CT v
Txxx bng lnh Reset.
Bng 3.2: S Timer v phn gii
Note: Khng th cng mt lc s dng c 2 b TON v TOF cho cng 1 a ch

(v d T37).
Bng 3.3: Gi tr t ti a cho tng loi v trng thi lm vic ca cc loi Timer
Vic s dng tip im thng ng Q0.0 bn di m lm tn hiu u vo cho

Timer m bo cho Q0.0 s c gi tr logic bng 1 trong mt vng qut mi thi
im m gi tr m tc thi ca b Timer t gi tr t trc PT.
72
To khong thi gian tr 300ms bng cc loi timer c phn gii khc nhau:
Hnh 3.23: V d cch s dng b TON
73
Hnh 3.24: V d cch s dng b TONR
.
Hnh 3.25: V d cch s dng b TOF
74
4. SIMATIC Counter Instructions (Count Up, Count Up Down, Count Down ):

STL
LAD
Cxxx
CTU
CTU Cxxx, PV
CU
R
PV
Cxxx
CTUD Cxxx,
PV
CTUD
CU
CD
R
PV
Cxxx
CTU
CTD Cxxx, PV
CD
LD
PV
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Khai bo b m tin theo

sn ln ca tn hiu u vo
CU. Khi gi tr m tc thi CWord ln hn hoc bng gi
tr t trc PV, th bit trng
thi Cxxx c gi tr bng 1. B
m c Reset khi R c gi tr
logic bng 1. B m ngng
m khi gi tr m t gi tr
cc i 32767.
Cxxx:
Constant
EU, R : power
flow.
PT: IW, QW,
MW, SMW,
VW, LW, SW,
AIW, T, C,
AC, Constant,
VD, AC,
Khai bo b m tin/li; m
tin theo sn ln ca tn hiu
u vo CU, m li theo sn
ln ca tn hiu u vo CD.
Khi g tr m tc thi C-Word
ln hn hoc bng gi tr t
trc PV, ht bit trng thi
Cxxx c gi tr bng 1. B m
c Reset khi R c gi tr
logic bng 1. B m ngng
m tin khi gi tr m t gi
tr cc i 32767. B m
ngng m li khi gi tr m
t gi tr cc i -32768.
CTUD reset khi u vo R c
gi tr logic bng 1.
LD
Cxxx:
Constant
EU, ED, R :
power flow.
PT: IW, QW,
MW, SMW,
VW, LW, SW,
AIW, T, C,
AC, Constant,
VD, AC,
Kiu d
liu
Data Types
word
bool
INT
word
bool
INT
LD
Khai bo b m li theo sn
ln ca tn hiu u vo CD.
Khi c sn ln ti LD, gi tr
t trc PV c load vo
thanh tc thi C-Word. Mi
khi c sn ln ti CD, gi tr
trong C-Word gim i 1 n
v, cho n khi C-Word = 0 th
bt trng thi Cbit = 1.
75
Hnh 3.26: V d cch s dng b CTD
76
Hnh 3.27: V d cch s dng b CTUD

5. SIMATIC Integer Math Instructions:
STL
M t
Description
LAD
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
Add Integer and Subtract Integer

MOVW IN1, OUT
+I
IN2, OUT
hoc
+I
IN1, IN2
MOVW IN1, OUT

-I
IN2, OUT
hoc
-I
IN1, IN2
Lnh cng hai

s nguyn 16
bit IN1 + IN2
kt qu cha
trong OUT (16
bit)
ADD_I
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
SUB_I
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh tr hai s
nguyn 16 bit
IN1- IN2 kt
qu cha trong
OUT (16 bit)
IN1, IN2: IW, QW, MW,

SMW, VW, LW, SW,
AIW, T, C, AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
OUT: IW, QW, MW,
SMW, VW, LW, SW, T,
C, AC, VD, AC,
INT
LD
Add Double Integer and Subtract Double Integer

MOVD IN1, OUT
+D
IN2, OUT
hoc
+D
IN1, IN2
MOVD IN1, OUT

-D
IN2, OUT
hoc
-D
IN1, IN2
ADD_DI
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
SUB_DI
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh cng hai

s nguyn 32
bit IN1 + IN2
kt qu cha
trong OUT (32
bit)
Lnh tr hai s
nguyn 32 bit
IN1 - IN2 kt
qu cha trong
OUT (32 bit)
IN1, IN2: ID, QD, MD,

VD, SMD, SD, LD,
HC,AC, Constant, VD,
AC, LD
OUT: ID, QD, MD, VD,
SMD, SD, LD,AC, VD,
DINT
AC, LD
Add Real and Subtract Real
MOVR IN1, OUT

+R
IN2, OUT
hoc
+R
IN1, IN2
ADD_R
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh cng hai

s thc 32 bit
IN1 + IN2 kt
qu cha trong
OUT (32 bit)

VD, SMD, SD, LD,
AC, LD
SMD, SD, LD,AC, VD,
Real
AC, LD
77

MOVR IN1, OUT
-R
IN2, OUT
hoc
-R
IN1, IN2
SUB_R
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh tr hai s
thc 32 bit IN1
+ IN2 kt qu
cha trong
OUT (32 bit)

VD, SMD, SD, LD,
AC, LD
SMD, SD, LD,AC, VD,
Real
AC, LD
Miltiply Integer and Divide Integer

MOVW IN1, OUT
*I
IN2, OUT
hoc
*I
IN1, IN2
MOVW IN1, UT
/I
IN2, OUT
hoc
/I
IN1, IN2
MULL_I
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
DIV_I
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh nhn hai

s nguyn 16
bit IN1*IN2
kt qu cha
trong OUT (16
bit)
Lnh chia hai
s nguyn 16
bit IN1/IN2 kt
qu cha trong
OUT (16 bit)

SMW, VW, LW, SW,
AIW, T, C, AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
OUT: IW, QW, MW,
SMW, VW, LW, SW, T,
C, AC, VD, AC,
INT
LD
Miltiply Double Integer and Divide Double Integer

MOVD IN1, OUT
*D
IN2, OUT
hoc
*D
IN1, IN2
MOVD IN1, OUT

/D
IN2, OUT
hoc
/D
IN1, IN2
MUL_DI
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
DIV_DI
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh nhn hai

s nguyn 32
bit IN1*IN2
kt qu cha
trong OUT (32
bit)
Lnh chia hai
s nguyn 32
bit IN1/IN2 kt
qu cha trong
OUT (32 bit)

VD, SMD, SD, LD,
AC, LD
SMD, SD, LD,AC, VD,
DINT
AC, LD
Multiply Integer to Double Double Integer and Divide Integer to Double Double Integer
78
MUL
EN
MOVW IN1, OUT

MUL IN2, OUT
hoc
MUL IN1, IN2
MOVW IN1, OUT

DIV IN2, OUT
hoc
DIV IN1, IN2
IN1 OUT
IN2
DIV
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh nhn hai

s nguyn 16
bit IN1*IN2
kt qu cha
trong OUT (32
bit)
Lnh chia hai

s nguyn 16
bit IN1*IN2
kt qu cha
trong OUT (32
bit)

SMW, VW, LW, SW, AIW,
T, C, AC, Constant, VD,
INT
AC, LD
SMD, SD, LD,AC, VD,
AC, LD
DINT
INT
AC, LD
SMD, SD, LD,AC, VD,
DINT
AC, LD
Miltiply Real and Divide Real
MOVR IN1, OUT

*R
IN2, OUT
hoc
*R
IN1, IN2
MOVR IN1, OUT

/R
IN2, OUT
hoc
/R
IN1, IN2
MUL_R
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
DIV_R
EN
IN1 OUT
IN2
Lnh nhn hai

s thc 32 bit
IN1*IN2 kt
qu cha trong
OUT (32 bit)
Lnh chia hai

s thc 32 bit
IN1/IN2 kt
qu cha trong
OUT (32 bit)

AC, LD
SMD, SD, LD,AC, VD,
Real
AC, LD
Nhng lnh ny lm n gin ho cc vng iu khin bn trong chng trnh hoc l cc qu

trnh lp. Trong LAD hay trong STL cc lnh tng hoc gim u lm vic vi cc ton hng c
kiu Byte, t n, kiu t kp theo nguyn tc cng hoc tr ton hng vi s nguyn 1.
tit kim nh ta c th s dng u vo ng thi lm u ra.
Increment Byte and Decrement Byte

IN: IB, QB, MB, VB,
M t trn.
INC_B
EN
INCB OUT
IN OUT
SMB, SB, LB, AC,

Constant, VD, AC,
LD
OUT:IB, QB, MB, VB,
Byte
79
SMB, SB, LB, AC, VD,
DECB OUT
DEC_B
EN
AC, LD
IN OUT
Increment Word and Decrement Word
INCW OUT
INC_W
EN
IN OUT
DECW OUT
IN: IW, QW, MW, SMW,

VW, LW, SW, AIW, T, C,
AC, Constant, VD, AC,
LD
M t trn
OUT: IW, QW, MW,
DEC_W
EN

T, C, AC, VD, AC,
IN OUT
LD
INT
Increment Double Word and Decrement Double Word

IN: ID, QD, MD, VD,
INC_DW
INCD OUT
IN OUT
DEC_DW
EN
DECB OUT
SMD, SD, LD, HC,AC,

Constant, VD, AC,
EN
M t trn
IN OUT
LD
DINT
SMD, SD, LD, HC,AC,

VD, AC, LD
80
Hnh 3.28: V d v cch s dng lnh MIL, DIV
Hnh 3.29: V d v cch s dng lnh INC. DEC
81
Hnh 3.30: V d v cch s dng lnh ADD, MUL, DIV vi s thc
82
6. SIMATIC Numerical Function Instructions:

STL
LAD
SQRT
EN
SQRT IN, OUT
LN IN, OUT
EPX IN, OUT
IN OUT
M t
(Description)
Square Root
Lnh thc hin php
ly cn bc hai ca s
thc 32 bit. Kt qu
cng l s 32 bit c
ghi vo t kp OUT.
Ton hng
(Operands)
IN: ID, QD, MD,
VD, SMD, SD, LD,
HC,AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
OUT: ID, QD, MD,
VD, SMD, SD, LD,
HC,AC, VD,
AC, LD
Natural Logarithm (logarit t nhin)
Lnh Natural
IN: ID, QD, MD,
Logarithm thc hin
VD, SMD, SD, LD,
php logirit t nhin
HC,AC, Constant,
ca s thc 32 bit, Kt VD, AC, LD
SQRT
EN
qu c lu vo t
OUT: ID, QD, MD,
kp OUT.
IN OUT
VD, SMD, SD, LD,
Lnh ny cng c
HC,AC, VD,
s dng thc hin
php logarit c s 10
AC, LD
t php ly logarit t
nhin.
Natural Exponential (php ly t nhin)
IN: ID, QD, MD,
VD, SMD, SD, LD,
EPX
HC,AC, Constant,
EN
VD, AC, LD
IN OUT
OUT: ID, QD, MD,
VD, SMD, SD, LD,
HC,AC, VD,
Kiu d
liu
(Data
Types)
Real
Real
Real
AC, LD
82
SIN IN, OUT
SIN
EN
IN OUT
COS
EN
COS IN, OUT
TAN IN, OUT
IN OUT
TAN
EN
IN OUT
PID TBL, LOOP
Sine, Cosine and Tangent

Lnh Sine, Cosine v
Tangent nh gi tr
hm lng gic ca
gc IN (s thc 32
bit). Kt qu c lu
vo doubleword OUT.
Vi iu kin: IN tnh
bng radian, nu l
th phi thc hin
php chuyn t
sang radian bng cch
thc hin lnh
MUL_R nhn gi
tr IN Vi 1.745329E2 (/180)
Lnh thc hin tnh
ton vng lp, vi s
th t l LOOP
(0<=LOOP<=7) v
bng tham chiu ca
qu trnh l TBL.
! Trc khi thc hin
qu trnh tnh ton
vng lp PID ny cn
IN: ID, QD, MD,

VD, SMD, SD, LD,
HC,AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
OUT: ID, QD, MD,
VD, SMD, SD, LD,
HC,AC, VD,
Real
AC, LD
TBL:
VB
LOOP:
Constant (0 7)
BYTE
BYTE
PID
EN
TBL OUT
LOOP
83
phi thc hin mt s

th tc quy nh trc
khi qu trnh tnh ton
din ra nh: vic khai
bo tham s ca hm,
a ch ca mng d
liu, ly mu tn hiu
vo analog u vo,
thc hin qu trnh
tnh ton, chun ho,
hiu chnh... Phn ny
s c trnh by c
th chng sau.
7. SIMATIC Move Instructions:

M t
Ton hng
Description
Operands
Move Byte, Move Word, Move Double Word and Move Real
Lnh thc hin
IN: IB, QB, MB, VB,
vic chuyn d
SMB, SB, LB, AC,
MOV_B
liu t byte IN vo Constant, VD,
EN
byte OUT khi c
AC, LD
IN OUT
sn ln ca tn
MOVB IN, OUT
OUT:IB, QB, MB,
hiu vo.
VB, SMB, SB, LB,
AC, VD, AC,
LD
Lnh thc hin
IN: IW, QW, VW,
LW, SW, AIW, T, C,
vic chuyn d
MOV_W
liu t Word IN
AC, Constant, VD,
EN
vo Word OUT
AC, LD
IN OUT
khi c sn ln
MOVW IN,OUT
OUT: IW, QW, MW,
ca tn hiu vo.
STL
LAD
Kiu d liu
Data Types
Byte
Word, INT
SMW, VW, LW, SW,

AIW, T, C, AC, VD,
AC, LD
84
MOV_DW
EN
IN OUT
MOVD IN, OUT
MOV_R
EN
IN OUT
MOVR IN, OUT
Lnh thc hin

vic chuyn d
liu t kp IN vo
t kp OUT khi c
sn ln ca tn
hiu vo.
Lnh thc hin

vic chuyn d
liu l s thc t
t kp IN vo t
kp OUT khi c
sn ln ca tn
hiu vo.
IN: ID, QD, MD,

VD, SMD, SD, LD,
HC,AC, &VB, &IB,
&QB, &SB, &MB,
&T, &C, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
OUT: ID, QD, MD,
VD, SMD, SD, LD,
HC,AC, VD,
AC, LD
IN: ID, QD, MD,
VD, SMD, SD, LD,
HC,AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
OUT: ID, QD, MD,
VD, SMD, SD, LD,
HC,AC, VD,
DoubleWord,
DINT
Real
AC, LD
Block Move Byte, Block Move Word, Block Move Double Word and Block Move Real
IN, OUT: IB, QB,
Lnh thc hin
vic chuyn N
MB, VB, SMB, SB,
Byte
BLKMOV_B
byte d liu tnh t LB, VD, AC,
EN
byte IN vo vng
IN
OUT
a ch tnh t byte LD.
BMB IN, OUT,
N
N: IB, QB, MB, VB,
OUT khi c sn
N
SMB, SB, LB, AC,
ln ca tn hiu
vo.
Constant, VD,
Byte
BMW IN, OUT,

N
BLKMOV_W
EN
IN
N
OUT
Lnh thc hin

vic chuyn N t
n d liu tnh t
t n IN vo
vng a ch tnh
t t n OUT khi
c sn ln ca tn
hiu vo.
AC, LD
1 <= N <= 255
IN: IW, QW, VW,
LW, SW, SMW, AIW,
T, C, AC, VD, AC,
LD
OUT: IW, QW, VW,
Word
LW, SW, SMW, AQW,

T, C, AC, VD, AC,
LD
85
BLKMOV_D
EN
BMD IN, OUT,

N
IN
N
OUT
Lnh thc hin

vic chuyn N t
kp d liu tnh t
t kp IN vo
vng a ch tnh
t t kp OUT khi
c sn ln ca tn
hiu vo.
N: IB, QB, MB, VB,

SMB, SB, LB, AC,
Constant, VD,
Byte
AC, LD
1 <= N <= 255
IN, OUT: ID, QD,
MD, VD, SMD, SD,
LD, VD, AC,
DWord
LD.
N: IB, QB, MB, VB,
SMB, SB, LB, AC,
Constant, VD,
Byte
AC, LD
1 <= N <= 255
SWAP IN
SWAP
EN ENO
IN
BIR IN, OUT
IN: IW, QW, VW,

LW, SW, SMW, AIW,
T, C, AC.
Move Byte Immedieate Read/ Write

Lnh c tc thi
IN: IB
MOV_BIR
gi
tr
byte
u
EN
vo cng vt l
OUT: IB, QB, MB,
IN OUT
IN v ghi trc tip VB, SMB, SB, LB,
vo byte OUT.
AC, VD, AC,
MOV_BIW
EN
BIW IN, OUT
Swap Byte
Lnh o d liu
ca 2 byte trong t
n IN.
IN
OUT
Lnh c tc thi
gi tr byte IN v
ghi trc tip ra u
ra cng vt l
byte OUT.
LD
IN: IB, QB, MB, VB,
SMB, SB, LB, AC,
Constant, VD,
Word
Byte
Byte
AC, LD
OUT: QB
86
Hnh 3.31: V d minh ho v cch s dng lnh khi hm
Hnh 3.32: V d minh ho v cch s dng lnh khi hm
87
8. SIMATIC Table Instructions:

Cc lnh lm vic vi bng d liu gi tc l lnh bng, cho php nhp d liu vo
mt bng, sp xp s lng theo th t c nhp vo hoc theo th t ngc li.
Bng c nh ngha l mt mng t n xp lin nhau t a ch thp nht tnh
t u bng n a ch cao nht tnh n cui bng. Hai t n u tin ca bng dng
qun l bng. D liu c ghi vo trong bng bt u t t n th 3 trong bng, mi
d liu chim mt t n, mt bng ch cha ti a 100 d liu. C ngha l bng ln
nht c 204 byte.
Hai t n u bng c ngha nh sau:
Hnh 3.33: M t bng d liu

+ T u k hiu bng TL, cha kch thc ca bng khng k hai t n qun l.
+ T n th hai k hiu bng EC, qun l s cc d liu hin c trong bng.
Bit SM1.4 c dng bo trng thi y bng.
Cc lnh lm vic vi bng gm c cc lnh:
+ Nhp thm d liu vo bng: ATT - Add to Table (AT_T_TBL).
+ Ly d liu ra khi bng theo th t vo trc ra trc: First - In - First - Out
(FIFO).
+ Ly d liu ra khi bng theo th t vo sau ra trc: Last - In - First - Out
(LIFO).
Tip: Lnh bng c thc hin lin tc (mt t trong mt vng qut) khi u vo vn cn
c kch. Bi vy trc khi gi lnh lm vic vi bng nn thc hin lnh pht hin
sn ln (EU) cho tn hiu u vo.
STL
LAD
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu
d liu
Data
Types
Add to Table
88
AD_T_TBL
EN
ENO
DATA
TBL
ATT DATA,
TABLE
Lnh ghi thm vo bng mt

DATA:
d liu kiu t n, c xc
IW, QW, VW,
LW, SW, MW,
nh bng ni dung ca ton
SMW,
AIW, T, C,
hng DATA trong lnh. Bng
AC,
Constant,
c ch nh trong lnh bng
VD, AC,
ton hng TBL xc nh t u
tin ca bng, tc l TL. Nu
LD
bng y tc l EC=TL, Bit
SM1.4=1.
TBL:
D liu mi c a vo s
IW, QW, VW,
nm trong t cha dng u
LW, SW, MW,
tin, tc l ngay sau d liu
SMW, T, C, VD,
c nhp trc . Khi lnh
thc hin xong th ni dung ca
AC, LD
t EC tng thm 1 n v.
INT
Word
Hnh 3.34: V d v cch thc hin lnh ATT

S dng lnh tm kim tm d liu theo mu cho trc trong mt bng. Mu d
liu nh trc l ni dung ca ton hng PTN ca lnh. Tham s CMD l lut tm kim,
c 4 lut tm kim: =, <>, <, >.
Bng c ch nh trong lnh tm kim c ch nh bng ni dung ca ton
hng TBL ch nh nm ngay trc vng cha d liu ca bng ( ny chnh l t n
EC).
Bng quy nh cho lnh tm kim bao gm b m EC tc thi c kiu t n ghi
s cc d liu c trong bng v vng d liu ca bng. S lng ln nht cc d liu ca
bng c th c ca bng l 100.
89
Mi d liu trong bng c kch thc bng t n. D liu trong bng c nh s t

0n vi n c gi tr cc i bng 99. S cc d liu c trong bng l ni dung ca t n
EC, khng bt buc lnh tm kim phi bt u t u bng. Lnh c th bt u cng
vic tm kim ti mt im bt k trong vng d liu. Ton hng INDX xc nh im
xut pht ca cng vic tm kim bng vic ch ra ch s (099) ca d liu u tin trong
vng nh tm kim. Nh vy mun tm t u bng INDX phi c gi tr bng 0. Ni
dung ca INDX l s nguyn trong khong t 0 n EC.
Nu s dng lnh tm kim vi bng c to bi cc lnh ATT, FIFO, LIFO th
nh EC l nh u bng phi c ch nh trong lnh ti ton hng TBL. Khi s dng
lnh ATT, FIFO, LIFO i hi phi thng bo t s cc u vo cc i cho lnh ( nh
TL) cn khi s dng lnh tm kim TBL_FIND th khng cn. Ton hng SRC ca lnh
tm kim l tn ca nh EC (2 byte).
C php ca lnh tm kim trong LAD v STL khc nhau. Trong khi c 4 lut tm
kim CMD trong LAD, th trong STL tng ng vi mi lut tm kim c 1 lnh tm
kim ring. Nh vy trong LAD ch c 1 hp cho 4 lnh tm kim th trong STL l:
FND=, FND<>, FND<, FND>.
Ni dung ca ton hng trong LAD c quy nh nh sau:
a) CMD = 1, tm theo lut = (bng nhau.).
b) CMD = 2, tm theo lut <> (khc nhau).
c) CMD = 3, tm theo lut < (nh hn).
d) CMD = 4, tm theo lut > (ln hn).
STL
FND= TBL,
PARNT, INDX
FND<> TBL,
PARNT, INDX
AD_T_TBL
EN
ENO
TBL
PTN
INDX
FND< TBL,
PARNT, INDX
M t
Description
LAD
CMD
Table Fine
Thc hin vic tm kim
trong bng xc nh bi
TBL , bt u t v tr
d liu INDX nh ch
d liu PARNT. Lut
tm kim c quy nh
bi CMD c gi tr t 1
n 4 tng ng =, <>,
<, >.
Khi tm thy , INDX s
ch vo d liu u
tin tm c trong bng
v lnh c kt thc.
Do tm kim d
liu tip theo, INDX
phi c tng gi tr l
v gi li lnh ny. Nu
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
TBL: IW, QW,

VW, LW, SW,
MW, SMW, AIW,
T, C, VD, AC,
Word
LD
PTN: IW, QW,

VW, LW, SW,
MW, SMW, AIW,
T, C, AC,
Constant, VD,
INT
AC, LD
INDX: LW, SW,

MW, SMW, AIW,
T, C, VD, AC,
Word
LD
90
FND> TBL,
PARNT, INDX
nh khng tm thy
INDX c gi tr ng
bng gi tr ca b m
EC.
CMD: Constant
Byte
Bng 3.5: S khc nhau gia bng d liu nh ngha bng lnh ATT, FIFO, LIFO v
lnh FIN
91
Hnh 3.35: V d v cch s dng lnh tm kim FND
STL
FIFO TABLE,
DATA
M t
(Description)
LAD
EN
FIFO
ENO
TBL
DATA
Ton hng
(Operands)
Fisrt - In - Fisrf - Out

Lnh ly d liu u
TBL: IW, QW,
VW, LW, SW,
tin ca bng ra khi
bng. Nu bng trng MW, T, C, VD,
c ngha l d liu trong
AC, LD
c ly ra ht, hay
EC=0, bit SM1.4=1. D
liu ly ra c ghi vo
DATA (kiu t). Cc d
liu cn li c dn ln DATA: IW, QW,
VW, LW, SW,
v tr trn lp ch
MW, SMW, AIW,
trng va mi b ly i.
T, C, AQW,
Khi lnh thc hin xong
VD, AC,
ni dung ca EC gim
LD
i mt n v.
Kiu d
liu
(Data
Types)
INT
Word
92
Hnh 3.36: V d v cch s dng lnh FIFO

.
STL
M t
Description
LAD
LIFO TABLE,
DATA
LIFO
EN
ENO
TBL
DATA
Last - In - Fisrf - Out

Lnh ly d liu cui
cng ca bng ra khi
bng tc l d liu c
nhp sau cng. Nu
bng trng c ngha
l d liu trong c
ly ra ht, hay EC=0, bit
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
TBL: IW, QW,

VW, LW, SW,
MW, T, C, VD,
AC, LD
INT
93
SM1.4=1. D liu ly ra
ghi vo DATA
(kiu t). Cc d liu
cn li c dn ln v
tr trn lp ch trng
va mi b ly i. Khi
lnh thc hin xong ni
dung ca EC gim i
mt n v.
DATA: IW, QW,

VW, LW, SW,
MW, SMW, AIW,
T, C, AQW,
VD, AC,
Word
LD
Hnh 3.37: V d v cch s dng lnh LIFO
STL
LAD
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data Types
Memory Fill
FILL IN, OUT,
N
FILL
EN ENO
IN
N
Lnh in gi tr
cha trong Word IN
vo mng bt u t
IN: IW, QW, VW,

LW, SW, MW, SMW,
AIW, T, C, AC,
Constant, VD, AC,
Word
LD
OUT
94
a ch Word OUT.
N l s t n ca
mng, 1<=N<=255
N: IB, QB, MB, VB,

SMB, SB, LB, AC,
Constant, VD,
Byte
AC, LD
OUT: IW, QW, VW,
LW, SW, MW, SMW,
AIW, T, C, VD,
Word
AC, LD
Hnh 3.38: V d v cch s dng lnh FILL

9. SIMATIC Logical Operation Instructions:
STL
M t
Description
LAD
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
And Byte, Or Byte, Exclusive Or Byte
ANDB IN1,
OUT
WAND_B
EN ENO
IN1
IN2
OUT
Lnh thc hin AND gia cc

bit tng ng ca hai Byte
IN1 v IN2, kt qu ghi vo
Byte OUT.
IN1, IN2:
IB, QB, MB,
VB, SMB,
SB, LB, AC,
Constant,
VD, AC,
Byte
LD
ORB IN1, OUT
WOR_B
EN ENO
IN1
IN2
OUT
Lnh thc hin OR gia cc

Byte OUT.
OUT:
IB, QB, MB,
VB, SMB,
SB, LB, AC,
VD, AC,
Byte
95
XORB IN1,
OUT
ANDW IN1,
OUT
WXOR_B
EN ENO
IN1
IN2
OUT
Lnh thc hin XOR gia cc

Byte OUT.
And Word, Or Word, Exclusive Or Word

Lnh thc hin AND gia cc IN1, IN2:
WAND_W
bit tng ng ca hai Word
IW, QW, VW,
EN ENO
LW, SW, MW,
IN1 OUT
SMW, AIW, T,
Word OUT.
IN2
ORW IN1, OUT
WOR_W
EN ENO
IN1
IN2
XORW IN1,
OUT
LD
OUT
WXOR_W
EN ENO
IN1
IN2
OUT

Word OUT.
Lnh thc hin XOR gia cc
Word OUT.
C, AC,
Constant,
VD, AC,
LD
Word
OUT:
IW, QW, VW,
LW, SW, MW,
SMW, T, C,
AC, VD,
AC, LD
ANDD IN1,
OUT
And DWord, Or DWord, Exclusive Or DWord

Lnh thc hin AND gia cc IN1, IN2:
WAND_DW
bit tng ng ca hai t kp
ID, QD, VD,
EN ENO
IN1 v IN2, kt qu ghi vo t LD, SD, MD,
IN1 OUT
SMD, HD, AC,
kp OUT.
IN2
Constant,
VD, AC,
ORD 1, OUT
XORD IN1,
OUT
WOR_DW
EN ENO
IN1
IN2
OUT
WXOR_DW
EN ENO
IN1
IN2
OUT

LD
IN1 v IN2, kt qu ghi vo t
kp OUT.
Double
Word
Lnh thc hin XOR gia cc OUT:

ID, QD, VD,
LD,
MD, SMD,
IN1 v IN2, kt qu ghi vo t
kp OUT.
AC, VD,
AC, LD
96
Hnh 3.39: V d v cch s dng lnh AND, OR, XOR

STL
INVB
OUT
LAD
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Invert Byte, Invert Word, Invert DWord

Lnh o tng bit ca
IN:IB, QB, MB,
byte u vo IN, kt qa VB, SMB, SB, LB,
a ra u ra OUT.
AC, Constant,
INV_B
EN ENO
Thng th u vo v
VD, AC, LD
ra cng a ch.
IN1 OUT
OUT:IB, QB, MB,
VB, SMB, SB, LB,
AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
Byte
97
INV_W
EN ENO
INVW
OUT
IN1
OUT
Lnh o tng bit ca t

n u vo IN, kt qa
a ra u ra OUT.
Thng th u vo v
ra cng a ch.
IN: IW, QW, VW,

LW, SW, MW,
SMW, AC, AIW , T,
C, Constant, VD,
AC, LD
Word
OUT: IW, QW,

VW, LW, SW, MW,
SMW, AC, T, C,
VD, AC, LD
INV_DW
EN ENO
INVD
OUT
IN1
OUT
Lnh o tng bit ca t

kp u vo IN, kt qa
a ra u ra OUT.
Thng th u vo v
ra cng a ch.
IN: ID, QD, VD,

LD, SD, MD, SMD,
HD, AC, Constant,
VD, AC, LD
OUT: ID, QD, VD,
DWord
LD, SD, MD, SMD,

AC, VD, AC,
LD
Hnh 3.40: V d v cch s dng lnh INVB, INVW, INVD

10. SIMATIC Stack Logic Instructions:
Cc lnh tip im trong i s Boolean cho php to lp c cc mch logic
(khng c nh). Trong LAD cc mch ny biu din thng qua cu trc mch, mc ni
tip hay song song cc mch tip im thng ng v cc tip im thng m. STL c
th s dng cc lnh A (And) v O (Or) cho cc tip im mc ni tip v song song l
thng h hoc cc lnh AN (And Not) v ON (Or Not) cho cc tip im mc ni tip
v song song l thng ng. Gi tr ca cc bit trong ngn xp thay i tu thuc vo
tng lnh. Trong phn ny chng ta s i su hn v s lm vic ca cc bit trong ngn
xp, vic hiu v nm bt v ngn xp l iu rt cn thit trong vn lp trnh dng
ngn ng STL.
98
Ngoi nhng lnh lm vic trc tip vi tip im, S7-200 cn c 5 lnh c bit
biu din cc php tnh ca i s Boolean cho cc bit trong ngn xp, c gi l cc
lnh stack logic. Trong LAD khng dng nhng lnh ny. STL s dng cc lnh ny
thc hin nhng php ton ca phng trnh c nhiu biu thc con. Sau y l bng tm
tt c php v hng dn cch s dng lnh.
STL
LAD
ALD
none
OLD
none
LPS
none
LRD
none
LPP
none
LDS n
none
M t
Description
And Load
Lnh t hp gi tr u tin v gi tr ca bit
th hai trong ngn xp bng php tnh .
Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca
ngn xp. Gi tr cn li c ko ln 1 bit.
Or LoaD
Lnh t hp gi tr u tin v gi tr ca bit
th hai trong ngn xp bng php tnh .
Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca
ngn xp. Gi tr cn li c ko ln 1 bit.
Logic PuSh
Sao chp gi tr ca bit u tin vo bit th
hai trong ngn xp. Ga tr cn li b y
xung 1 bit. Bit cui cng b y ra ngoi.
Logic ReaD
Lnh sao chp gi tr ca bit th hai vo bit
u tin ca ngn xp, cc gi tr cn li
ca ngn xp vn gi nguyn.
Logic PoP
Lnh ko ngn xp ln 1 bit theo nguyn
tc bit sao ln bit trc.
LoaD Stack
Lnh sao chp gi tr ca bit th n (ngn
xp c 9 bit th bit th nh c tnh l
1...n bit cui cng l 8) ca ngn xp ln
bit u tin. Cc gi tr cn li ca ngn xp
b y li xung 1 bit, bit cui cng b y
ra khi ngn xp.
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
n: 18
Byte
99
Hnh 3.41: M t hot ng ca lnh LDS
Hnh 3.42: M t hot ng ca lnh ALD v OLD
Hnh 3.43: M t hot ng ca lnh LPS, LRD, LPP
100
Hnh 3.44: V d v cch s dng lnh ALD, OLD, LPP, LPS, LRD
11. SIMATIC Conversion Instructions:
Cc hm i kiu d liu cho php thc hin vic i kiu d liu t kiu ny sang kiu
khc. Sau y l cc lnh bin i kiu d liu trong STL v LAD:
STL
M t
Description
LAD
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
BCD to Integer and Integer to BCD

BCDI OUT
BCD_I
EN
ENO
IN OUT
IBCD OUT
I_BCD
EN
ENO
IN
OUT
Lnh chuyn i mt s
nh_thp phn IN sang s
nguyn v lu kt qu
vo OUT.
Gii hn ca IN:
09999.
Lnh chuyn i mt s
nguyn IN sang s
nh_thp phn v lu kt
qu vo OUT.
Gii hn ca IN:
09999.
IN: IW, QW, VW,

LW, MW, SMW,
AIW ,AC, T, C,
Constant, VD,
Word
AC, LD, SW.

OUT: IW, QW, VW,
LW, MW, SMW, AC,
T, C, VD, AC,
LD, SW.
IN: IW, QW, VW,
LW, MW, SMW,
AIW ,AC, T, C,
Constant, VD,
Word
AC, LD.
OUT: IW, QW, VW,
LW, MW, SMW, AC,
T, C, VD, AC,
LD.
101
DTR IN, OUT
DI_R
EN
ENO
IN
OUT
Double Integer to Real

Lnh chuyn i s
nguyn 32 bit IN sang s
thc (32 bit) v lu kt
qu vo OUT.
IN: ID, QD, VD, LD,

MD, SMD, AC, HD,
Constant, VD,
DWord
AC, LD, SD.

OUT:ID, QD, VD,
LD, MD, SMD, AC,
HD, VD, AC,
LD, SD.
ROUND IN,
OUT
RONUD
EN
ENO
IN OUT
Round
Lnh chuyn i s thc
IN thnh s nguyn
double Integer (lm trn
s) v kt qa lu vo
OUT.
Nu phn l >= 0.5 th
c lm trn v pha ln
hn 1 n v.
IN: ID, QD, VD, LD,

MD, SMD, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD, SD.
OUT:ID, QD, VD,
LD, MD, SMD, AC,
HD, VD, AC,
Real
DINT
LD, SD.
Truncate
TRUNC IN,
OUT
TRUNC
EN
ENO
IN OUT
IN: ID, QD, VD, LD,

MD, SMD, AC,
Constant, VD,
Hm chuyn i s thc
32 bit c du sang s
nguyn 32 bit c du.
AC, LD, SD.

OUT:ID, QD, VD,
LD, MD, SMD, AC,
HD, VD, AC,
Real
DINT
LD, SD.
Double Integer to Integer and Integer to Double Integer
ITD IN, OUT
I_DI
EN
ENO
IN OUT
Lnh chuyn i s
nguyn 16 bit sang s
nguyn 32 bit.
IN: IW, QW, VW,

LW, MW,SW, SMW,
AIW ,AC, T, C,
Constant, VD,
INT
AC, LD.
102
DI_I
EN
ENO
DTI IN, OUT
(Integer to
Real)
BTI IN, OUT
IN OUT
Lnh chuyn i s
nguyn 32 bit sang s
nguyn 16 bit.
OUT: ID, QD,VD,

LD, MD,SD, SMD,
AC, VD, AC,
DINT
LD.
IN: ID, QD,VD, LD,
MD,SD, SMD,
AC,Constant, VD,
DINT
AC, LD.
OUT: IW, QW, VW,
LW, MW,SW, SMW,
AC, T, C, VD,
INT
AC, LD.
Integer to Real, Byte to Integer and Integer to Byte
Khng c lnh chuyn
i trc tip ny. Ta c
th thc hin c bng
cch dng lnh ITD
(chuyn s nguyn 16 bit
none
none
thnh s nguyn 32 bit)
sau dng tip lnh
DTR (chuyn s nguyn
32 bit sang s thc ).
IN: IB, QB, MB,
SMB, VB, SB, LB,
AC, Constant, VD,
Lnh chuyn i gi tr
ca Byte IN thnh gi tr
AC, LD.
Integer 16 bit v lu vo
OUT: IW, QW, VW,
OUT.
LW, MW,SW, SMW,
AC, T, C, VD,
AC, LD.
IBT IN, OUT

I_B
EN
ENO
Lnh chuyn i gi tr
trong Word IN thnh gi
Byte v lu gi tr ny
vo OUT.
IN OUT
IN: IW, QW, VW,

LW, MW,SW, SMW,
AC, T, C, AIW,
Constant, VD,
none
Byte
INT
INT
AC, LD.
103
OUT: IB, QB, MB,
SMB, VB, SB, LB,
AC, VD, AC,
Byte
LD.
Hnh 3.45: V d minh ho cch s dng cc lnh chuyn i
STL
LAD
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
104
Types
Decode
DECO
EN ENO
IN OUT
DECO IN, OUT
ENCO
EN ENO
ENCO IN, OUT
IN OUT
IN: IB, QB, MB,

SMB, VB, SB,
Lnh t gi tr logic 1 vo LB, AC, Constant,
bit ca t n OUT c ch VD, AC,
s (trng s ca bit thuc LD
Word) bng s nguyn
OUT: IW, QW,
nm trong nibble (4 bit)
VW, LW,
thp ca byte u vo IN.
MW,SW, SMW,
Cc bit cn li ca t n
AC, T, C, AIW,
c gi tr logic bng 0.
VD, AC,
Lnh xc nh ch s ca
bit thp nht trong t n
IN c gi tr logic 1v ghi
kt qu ny vo nibble
thp nht ca byte u ra
OUT.
LD.
IN: IW, QW, VW,
LW, MW,SW,
SMW, AC, T, C,
AIW, VD,
AC, LD.
OUT: IB, QB,
MB, SMB, VB,
SB, LB, AC,
VD, AC,
Byte
Word
Word
Byte
LD.
Hnh 3.46: V d v cch s dng lnh DECO
105
Hnh 3.47: V d v cch s dng lnh ENCO
STL
LAD
SEG
EN ENO
IN OUT
SEG IN, OUT
M t
(Description)
Segment
Lnh xut cc bit cho
thanh ghi 7 on tng
ng vi ni dung ca 4
bit thp nht ca byte
u vo IN. Kt qu
c chi vo byte u
ra.
Ton hng
(Operands)
IN: IB, QB, MB,
SMB, LB, VB, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, SB, LD.
OUT: IB, QB, MB,
SMB, LB, VB, AC,
VD, AC, SB,
LD.
ASCII to Hexa and Hexa to ASCII
Thc hin php bin i IN, OUT:
mt chui k t c
IB, QB, MB, SMB,
di c ch th trong
LB, VB, VD,
ton hng LEN, bt u
bng k t ch nh trong AC, SB, LD.
ATH IN,
OUT, LEN
Kiu d
liu
(Data
Types)
Byte
Byte
ATH
EN
IN OUT
LEN
106
ATH
EN
IN OUT
LEN
HTA IN,
OUT, LEN
ton hng IN, sang s

nguyn h c s 16 v
ghi vo vng nh k t
byte c ch nh bi
OUT. di cc i
ca chui k t l 255.
Nhng k t hp l l
nhng k t c m
ASCII t 3039 v
4146 (c s 16, ng
vi cc k t t 09,
AF ). Nu m ho mt
k t b sai th qu trnh
m ho b dng li v bit
SM1.7 c gi tr logic
bng 1.
Thc hin i mt dy
ch vit trong h c s
16 thnh chui k t m
ASCII. Dy s u vo
c lu trong mng bt
u bng IN v c
di l LEN. di cc
i ca dy s l 255.
Chui k t u ra c
ghi vo mng c byte
u l OUT.
LEN:
IB, QB, MB, SMB,
LB, VB, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, SB, LD.
Byte
IN, OUT:
IB, QB, MB, SMB,
LB, VB, VD,
AC, SB, LD.
Byte
LEN:
IB, QB, MB, SMB,
LB, VB, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, SB, LD.
Hnh 3.48: V d v cch s dng lnh ATH, HTA
107
Hnh 3.49: V d v cch s dng lnh SEG
Hnh 3.50: M hin th thanh ghi 7 on

12. SIMATIC Clock Instrutions:
Tuyt i khng s dng lnh c/ghi (TODR/TODW) thi gian thc cng mt
lc trong chng trnh chnh v chng trnh x l ngt. Khi mt lnh TODR hoc
TODW thc hin th khi gi chng trnh x l ngt, cc lnh lm vic vi ng h
thi gian thc trong chng trnh x l ngt s khng c thc hin na. Bit SM4.5 s
c mc logic 1 trong nhng trng hp nh vy.
ng h thi gian thc ch c i vi CPU214 tr ln. c th lm vic vi
ng h thi gian thc th CPU s cung cp 2 lnh c/ghi gi tr cho ng h. Nhng gi
tr c c hoc ghi c vi ng h thi gian thc l cc gi tr v ngy, thng, nm
v cc gi tr v gi, pht, giy.
Cc d liu c/ghi vi ng h thi gian thc trong LAD, STL c di 1 byte
v phi c m ho theo kiu s nh thp phn BCD (Ex: 16#95 cho nm 95).
Chng nm trong b m gm 8 byte lin nhau theo th t nh sau:
Hnh 3.51: B m 8 byte ca lnh ng h thi gian thc

108
Cc gi tr ca cc thng s phi nm trong gii hn:
CPU S7-200 khng thc hin kim tra li ngy thng, ngy ca tun iu chnh
li ngy thng. Gi tr v ngy thng nh l February 30 c th c chp nhn. Do
bn s phi chc chn rng ngy thng ca bn a vo l ng.
STL
LAD
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
Read Real-Time Clock and Set Real-Time Clock

READ_RTC
EN
ENO
TODR T
TODW T
SET_RTC
EN
ENO
T
Lnh c ni dung
ca ng h thi
gian thc vo b
m 8 byte c ch
nh trong lnh bng
ton hng T.
Lnh ghi ni dung
ca b m 8 byte
c ch nh trong
lnh bng ton hng
T vo ng h thi
gian thc.
T: VB,IB, QB, MB,

SMB, SB, LB, VD,
AC, LD.
Byte
13. SIMATIC Program Control Instrutions:

Cc lnh ca chng trnh, nu khng c nhng lnh iu khin ring, s c
thc hin tun t t trn xung di trong mt vng qut. Lnh iu khin chng trnh
cho php thay i th t thc hin lnh. Chng cho php chuyn th t nh: ng l ra
l lnh tip theo, ti mt lnh bt c no khc ca chng trnh; trong ni iu khin
chuyn n phi c nh du trc bng nhn ch ch. Nhm lnh iu khin chng
trnh gm: lnh nhy, lnh gi chng trnh con, nhn ch ch (hay gi n gin l
nhn), phi c nh du trc khi thc hin lnh nhy hay lnh gi chng trnh con.
Vic t nhn cho lnh nhy phi nm trong chng trnh. Nhn ca chng trnh
con hay nhn ca chng trnh x l ngt phi c khai bo u chng trnh. Khng
th dng lnh JMP chuyn iu khin t chng trnh chnh vo nhn bt k trong
chng trnh con hoc chng trnh x l ngt. Ngc li cng khng c php t mt
chng trnh con hay chng trnh x l ngt nhy ra ngoi chng trnh chnh .
109
Lnh gi chng trnh con l lnh chuyn quyn iu khin n chng trnh con.
Sau khi chng trnh con thc hin xong th quyn iu khin li c chuyn v lnh
tip theo trong chng trnh chnh ngay sau lnh gi chng trnh con. T mt chng
trnh con c th gi mt chng trnh con khc trong n, c th gi nh vy nhiu nht l
8 ln. Php quy cng c th thc hin c trong S7-200, mc d khng b cm song
phi ch n gii hn trn.
Trng thi ca ngn xp: Nu lnh nhy hay lnh gi chng trnh con c thc
hin th nh ngn xp lun c gi tr logic bng 1. Nh vy trong chng trnh con cc
lnh c iu kin c thc hin nh lnh khng c iu kin. Sau cc lnh LBL (lnh
t nhn) v SBR, lnh LD trong STL s b v hiu ho.
Khi mt chng trnh con c gi, ton b ni dung trong ngn xp s c ct
i, nh ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic mi l 1, cc bit khc cn li ca ngn xp nhn
gi tr logic l 0 v iu khin c chuyn n chng trnh con c gi. Khi thc
hin xong chng trnh con v trc khi quyn iu khin c chuyn n chng trnh
gi n th ni dung ca ngn xp c ct gi trc s c chuyn tr li cho
ngn xp.
Ni dung ca thanh ghi AC khng c ct gi khi gi chng trnh con, nhng
khi mt chng trnh x l ngt c gi, ni dung thanh ghi AC s c ct gi trc
khi thc hin chng trnh x l ngt v tr li sau khi chng trnh x l ngt va thc
hin xong. Bi vy chng trnh x l ngt c th t do s dng 4 thanh ghi AC ca S7200.
STL
LAD
M t
(Description)
Ton hng
(Operands)
Kiu d
liu
(Data
Types)
Jump to Label and Label

n
JMP
LBL
JMP
n
JMP
Lnh nhy thc hin

chuyn quyn iu
khin n nhn n
n:
trong mt chng
CPU 212:0 n 63
trnh.
CPU 21x khc t
Lnh khai bo nhn n
0 n 255.
trong mt chng
trnh.
none
110
Hnh 3.52: V d cch s dng lnh JMP, LBL
STL
SBR
RET
CRET
M t
Description
LAD
Ton hng
Operands
Subroutine and Return Subroutine

Lnh gi chng trnh
n:
con, thc hin php
SBRn
CPU 212:0 n 15
chuyn quyn iu
EN
khin n chng trnh CPU 21x khc t
0 n 255.
con c nhn n.
Lnh tr v chng
trnh gi chng
trnh con khng iu
RET
kin.
CRET
Lnh tr v chng
trnh gi chng
trnh con c iu kin.
none
Kiu d
liu
Data
Types
none
none
111
Hnh 3.53: V d cch s dng lnh gi v thot khi chng trnh con
Cc lnh sau s can thip vo thi gian vng qut, n c dng kt thc
chng trnh ang thc hin hoc ko di thm thi gian ca vng qut.
Trong chng trnh chnh, kt thc chng trnh bng lnh MEND, nhng trong
son tho chng trnh chng ta khng cn lnh kt thc ny m Step 7 MicroWin
mc nh ri. Lnh END cng l lnh kt thc chng trnh nhng l lnh kt thc c
iu kin.
Khi chng trnh chnh hoc chng trnh con gp lnh STOP th chng trnh s
kt thc ngay ti cui vng qut hin thi v CPU chuyn sang ch STOP.
Nu trong chng trnh x l ngt gp lnh STOP th ngt cng c dng li
ngay lp tc, cc tn hiu x l ngt ang cn nm trong hng i s b hu b, phn cn
li ca chng trnh s khng thc hin.Vic thc s chuyn sang ch STOP xy ra
cui chu k vng qut hin thi sau giai on xut tn hiu cho u ra.
Lnh WDR s khi ng li ng h quan st (Watchdog Timer), chng trnh
tip tc thc hin trong vng qut ch quan st. Nn cn thn khi s dng lnh ny.
Khi trong chng trnh s dng lnh lp, hoc thi gian tr qu ln th nhng qu trnh
sau b hn ch:
- Truyn thng (loi tr kiu Freeport).
- Cp nht vo ra (tr nhng lnh vo ra tc th).
- Cp nht cng bc.
- Cp nht cc bit kiu SM.
- Chun on thi gian chy.
- Vi cc vng qut ln hn 25 giy th cc b Timer c phn gii10ms v
100ms s khng c chnh xc.
Nu thi gian ca vng qut ln hn 300ms, hoc khi gp mt ngt c chng
trnh x l ngt vi thi gian chy chng trnh lu hn 300ms th cn phi s dng lnh
WDR khi ng li ng h quan st.
112
Vic chuyn cng tc phn cng sang ch STOP hoc thc hin lnh STOP
trong chng trnh s l nguyn nhn t ch iu khin vo ch dng trong
khong thi gian 1.4s.
STL
END
STOP
WDR
LAD
M t
(Description)
End and Stop and Watchdog Timer

Lnh kt thc chng
END
trnh hin hnh c iu
kin.
Lnh kt thc chng
trnh hin hnh v
STOP
chuyn sang ch
STOP.
WDR
Ton hng
(Operands)
Kiu d
liu
(Data
Types)
none
none
Lnh khi ng li ng
h quan st.
Hnh 3.54: V d v cch s dng lnh STOP, WDR, END

xy dng cu trc vng lp nhm thc hin lp mt khi lnh ring bit trong
chng trnh. S dng lnh FOR...NEXT thit k mt vng lp vi s ln c th nh
trc bng hai ton hng INIT kiu t n ch im khi pht v FINAL cng kiu t
n ch im kt thc. Ngoi ra lnh cn s dng mt t n INDX lu s vng lp
tc thi.
Mi mt cu lnh FOR i hi phi c mt cu lnh NEXT ng cui khi lnh
c lp. Cc vng FOR...NEXT c th c lng vo nhau nhng s lnh lng vo
nhau khng c vt qu 8 ln.
113
Ti thi im bt u thc hin lnh vng lp FOR, t n INDX nhn gi tr ca

INIT. Sau , mi khi kt thc mt vng lp, tc l khi gp lnh NEXT, ni dung ca
INDX c tng ln 1 n v v c so snh vi ni dung ca FINAL. Nu ni dung
ca INDX cha ln hn ni dung ca FINAL th chng trnh s tip tc thc hin li
vng lp, ngc li khi ni dung ca INDX ln hn ni dung ca FINAL th chng
trnh s kt thc lnh FOR...NEXT v tip tc thc hin lnh k tip nm ngay sau lnh
NEXT.
Khi lnh NEXT thc hin th bit u tin trong ngn xp c gi tr logic bng 1.
STL
FOR
INDX,
INIT,
FINAL
LAD
FOR
EN
ENO
INDX
INIT
FINAL
M t
(Description)
Ton hng
(Operands)
FOR...NEXT
V d a vo INIT
INDX: IW, QW, VW, LW,
gi tr 1, FINAL gi
MW,SW, SMW, AC, T, C,
tr l 10. Lnh s
VD, AC, LD.
thc hin lp ng
INIT: IW, QW, VW, LW,
10 ln, s ln lp
c qun l trong
AIW, Constant, VD, AC,
t n INDX. Vt
qu 10 ln lnh s
kt thc v chng
trnh tip tc thc
hin cc lnh k tip.
LD.
FINAL: IW, QW, VW, LW,
AIW, Constant, VD, AC,
Kiu d
liu
(Data
Types)
INT
INT
INT
LD.
NEXT
NEXT
Lnh kt thc vng

lp.
none
none
114
Hnh 3.55: V d v cch s dng lnh FOR...NEXT
14. SIMATIC Shift and Rotate Register Instrutions:

Lm vic vi thanh ghi c nhm lnh sau:
Lnh dch chuyn thanh ghi, trong ny cng c hai nhm:
+ Lnh dch chuyn thanh ghi 8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit.
+ Lnh dch chuyn thanh ghi c di tu , c nh ngha trong lnh.
Lnh quay vng thanh ghi, trong ny cng c hai nhm :
+ Lnh quay vng thanh ghi 8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit.
+ Lnh quay vng thanh ghi c di tu , c nh ngha trong lnh.
Khi s dng lnh dch chuyn cc bit ca thanh ghi (Byte, Word, DWord) cn ch
cc im sau y:
1. Khng thc hin vic dch chuyn nu s ln y bng 0.
2. Nu s ln y c gi tr ln hn 0, bit nh trn SM1.1 s c gi tr ca bit cui
cng c y ra.
3. Nu s ln y ln hn hoc bng 8 i vi byte, 16 i vi Word, 32 i vi
t kp th lnh s thc hin lnh y ln nht ch bng 8, 16, 32.
4. Lnh SLB (y cc bit ca byte sang tri), SLW (y cc bit ca Word sang
tri) v SLD (y cc bit ca t kp sang tri) s chuyn gi tr 0 vo bit thp
nht ca Byte, Word hoc DWord sau mi ln y. Sau lnh thc hin, bit SM1.1
s c gi tr logic ca bit th 8-N, 16-N hoc 32-N, trong N l s ln y.
5. Lnh SRB (y cc bit ca byte sang phi), SRW (y cc bit ca Word sang
phi) v SRD (y cc bit ca t kp sang phi) s chuyn gi tr 0 vo bit thp
nht ca Byte, Word hoc DWord sau mi ln y. Sau lnh thc hin, bit SM1.1
s c gi tr logic ca bit th N-1, trong N l s ln y.
6. Bit bo kt qu 0 (bit SM1.0) s c gi tr logic bng 1 nu nh sau khi thc
hin lnh y ni dung ca Byte, Word, DWord bng 0.
Khi s dng lnh quay vng cc bit ca thanh ghi (Byte, Word, DWord) cn ch cc
im sau y:
1. Lnh quay thc hin php y vng trn sang tri hoc sang phi cc bit ca
mt Byte, Word, DWord. Ti mi mt ln quay, gi tr ca cc bit b y ra mt
u ca thanh ghi li c a vo u kia ca thanh ghi .
2. Khng thc hin vic quay vng nu s ln quay bng 0. Hay bng mt bi s
ca 8 (i vi byte), ca 16 (i vi word) v ca 32 (i vi DWord).
3. i vi cc gi tr ca s m ln quay ln hn 8 (i vi byte), ca 16 (i vi
word) v ca 32 (i vi DWord) lnh s thc hin vi s m ln quay mi bng
phn d ca ca php chia tng ng.
4. Khi thc hin lnh quay sang phi RRB (quay cc bit ca byte sang phi),
RRW (quay cc bit ca Word sang phi) v RRD (quay cc bit ca t kp sang
phi), ti mi ln quay gi tr ca bit thp nht c ghi vo bit bo trn SM1.1.
115
Sau khi lnh thc hin, bit SM1.1 s c gi tr logic ca bit th N - 1, trong N
l s m ln quay.
5. Khi thc hin lnh quay sang tri RLB (quay cc bit ca byte sang tri), RLW
(quay cc bit ca Word sang tri) v RLD (quay cc bit ca t kp sang tri), ti
mi ln quay gi tr ca bit cao nht c ghi vo bit bo trn SM1.1.Sau khi lnh
thc hin, bit SM1.1 s c gi tr logic ca bit th N - 8, N 16, N 32, trong
N l s m ln quay.
6. Bit bo kt qu 0 (bit SM1.0) s c gi tr logic bng 1 nu nh sau khi thc
hin lnh quay ni dung ca Byte, Word, DWord bng 0.
Cc lnh dich chuyn hoc quay vng nh hng n kt qu ca cc bit
c bit nh sau:
Lnh
Kiu lnh
SM1.0
(kt qu 0)
SM1.1
(bo trn)
SM1.2
(kt qa m)
SM1.3
(chia cho 0)
SRB
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
SLB
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
SRW
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
SLW
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
SRD
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
SLD
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
RRB
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
RLB
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
RRW
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
RLW
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
RRD
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
RLD
khng du
c
c
khng
khng
SHRB
khng du
khng
c
khng
khng
Nhng iu sau y ch ng vi cc hm dch chuyn bit ca byte, t n v t kp:
+ Nu b m chuyn dch c gi tr ln hn 0 th bit nh trn SM1.1 c gi tr
logic ca bit cui cng c y ra.
+ Bit bo kt qu 0 SM1.0 c gi tr logic 1 nu sau khi lnh c thc hin, byte,
t hoc t kp c ni dung bng 0.
Nhng iu sau y ch ng vi cc hm dch chuyn bit ca byte, t n v t kp:
+ Nu b m chuyn dch khng phi l b s nguyn ca 8, 16, 32 i vi byte,
Word, DWord th gi tr ca bit cui cng b y ra ngoi s c gn cho bit
nh trn SM1.1.
+ Nu bit bo kt qu 0 c gi tr logic bng 1 th gi tr ca byte, t hay t kp
bng 0.
STL
LAD
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d liu
Data Types
Shift Right Byte and Shift Left Byte
116
SRB
N
OUT,
SHR_B
EN ENO
IN OUT
N
SLB
N
OUT,
SRW OUT,
N
SLW OUT,
N
SHL_B
EN ENO
IN OUT
N
Lnh dch phi hay

lnh dch tri thc
hin dch chuyn
cc bit ca Byte
u vo IN i N
ln sang phi hay
tri. kt qu c
lu vo u ra
OUT.
Lnh shift in gi
tr zero vo cc bit
va b dch chuyn
i, bit cui cng b
dch chuyn ra s
c a vo bit
bo trn SM1.1.
Bit bo kt qu 0
s c set ln 1
nu gi tr ca byte
dch chuyn l 0.
IN: IB, QB, MB, SMB,

VB, SB, LB, AC,
Constant, VD, AC,
LD.
OUT: IB, QB, MB,

SMB, VB, SB, LB, AC,
VD, AC, LD.
N: IB, QB, MB, SMB,

VB, SB, LB, AC,
Constant, VD, AC,
LD.
Shift Right Word and Shift Left Word

Lnh dch phi hay IN: IW, QW, VW, LW,
lnh dch tri thc MW,SW, SMW, AIW
,AC, T, C, Constant,
hin dch chuyn
cc
bit
ca
Word
VD, AC, LD.
SHR_W
EN ENO
u vo IN i N
ln sang phi hay
IN OUT
N
tri. kt qu c
lu vo u ra
OUT: IW, QW, VW,
OUT.
LW, MW,SW, SMW,
Lnh shift in gi
tr zero vo cc bit AC, T, C, VD, AC,
va b dch chuyn LD.
i, bit cui cng b
dch chuyn ra s
SHL_W
EN ENO
c a vo bit
bo trn SM1.1.
IN OUT
N: IB, QB, MB, SMB,
N
Bit bo kt qu 0
VB, SB, LB, AC,
s c set ln 1
Constant, VD, AC,
nu gi tr ca
Word dch chuyn LD.
l 0.
Byte
Word
Byte
117
STL
LAD
M t
Description
Ton hng
Operands
Kiu d liu
Data Types
Shift Right Double Word and Shift Left Double Word
SRD
N
OUT,
SHR_DW
EN ENO
IN OUT
N
SLD
N
OUT,
SHL_DW
EN ENO
IN OUT
N
Lnh dch phi hay

lnh dch tri thc
hin dch chuyn
cc bit ca t kp
u vo IN i N
ln sang phi hay
tri. kt qu c
lu vo u ra
OUT.
Lnh shift in gi
tr zero vo cc bit
va b dch chuyn
i, bit cui cng b
dch chuyn ra s
c a vo bit
bo trn SM1.1.
Bit bo kt qu 0
s c set ln 1
nu gi tr ca t
kp dch chuyn l
0.
IN: VD, ID, QD, MD,

LD, SD, HC, SMD, AC,
Constant, VD, AC,
LD.
DWord
OUT: VD, ID, QD,

MD, LD, SD, SMD,
AC, VD, AC,
LD.
Byte
N: IB, QB, MB, SMB,
VB, SB, LB, AC,
Constant, VD, AC,
LD.
Rotate Right Byte and Rotate Left Byte
118
RRB
N
RLB
N
OUT,
ROR_B
EN ENO
IN OUT
N
OUT,
ROL_B
EN ENO
IN OUT
N
Lnh quay vng sang

phi hay lnh quay vng
sang tri thc hin dch
chuyn cc bit ca byte
u vo IN i N ln sang
phi hay tri. kt qu
c lu vo u ra
OUT. Ti mi ln quay,
gi tr ca bit cui cng
(bit 0) c a vo bit
SM1.1 ng thi a vo
bit u tin (bit 7) ca
byte nu l quay phi,
cn ngc li i vi lnh
quay tri. Bit bo kt qu
0 s c gi tr bng 1 nu
gi tr trong byte bng
0.
IN: IB, QB, MB,

SMB, VB, SB,
LB, AC, VD,
AC, LD.
OUT: IB, QB,

MB, SMB, VB,
SB, LB, AC,
VD, AC,
Byte
LD.
N: IB, QB, MB,

SMB, VB, SB,
LB, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD.
RRW
N
RLW
N
OUT,
OUT,
Rotate Right Word and Rotate Left Word

IN: IW, QW,
Lnh quay vng sang
VW, LW,
MW,SW, SMW,
ROL_W
EN ENO
chuyn cc bit ca t n AIW ,AC, T, C,
u vo IN i N ln sang Constant, VD,
IN OUT
N
phi hay tri. kt qu
AC, LD.
c lu vo u ra
OUT: IW, QW,
OUT. Ti mi ln quay,
VW, LW,
MW,SW, SMW,
(bit 0) c a vo bit
ROL_W
SM1.1 ng thi a vo AC, T, C, VD,
EN ENO
bit u tin (bit 7) ca
AC, LD.
IN OUT
byte nu l quay phi,
N
cn ngc li i vi lnh
quay tri. Bit bo kt qu N: IB, QB, MB,
0 s c gi tr bng 1 nu SMB, VB, SB,
LB, AC,
gi tr trong t n
bng 0.
Constant, VD,
Word
Byte
AC, LD.
Rotate Right Double Word and Rotate Left Double Word
119
RRD
N
RLD
N
OUT,
OUT,
ROL_DW
EN ENO
IN OUT
N
ROL_DW
EN ENO
IN OUT
N
Lnh quay vng sang

chuyn cc bit ca t kp
u vo IN i N ln sang
phi hay tri. kt qu
c lu vo u ra
OUT. Ti mi ln quay,
(bit 0) c a vo bit
SM1.1 ng thi a vo
bit u tin (bit 7) ca t
kp nu l quay phi,
cn ngc li i vi lnh
quay tri. Bit bo kt qu
0 s c gi tr bng 1 nu
gi tr trong t kp
bng 0.
IN: VD, ID, QD,

MD, LD, HC,
SMD, AC,
Constant, VD,
AC, LD.
DWord
OUT: VD, ID,
QD, MD, LD,
SMD, AC,
VD, AC,
LD.
Byte
N: IB, QB, MB,

SMB, VB, LB,
AC, Constant,
VD, AC,
LD.
120
Hnh 3.56: V d v cch s dng lnh dch chuyn v quay vng thanh ghi
Lnh lm vic vi thanh ghi c di tu :
Lnh thuc nhm ny cung cp mt phng php ni tip v iu khin dng sn
phm hoc d liu. Thanh ghi c xc nh trong lnh bi ton hng S_BIT ch a ch
bit thp ca thanh ghi v di l gi tr tuyt i ca ton hng N trong lnh (ngha l
thanh ghi c di |N| bit). D liu c chuyn vo trong thanh ghi c tn l DATA
(DATA = Bool), mt ln trong mt vng qut.
S_BIT l bit thp nht ca thanh ghi, nu gi cao nht trong thanh ghi l MSB.b
th MSB.b s c tnh theo cng thc sau:
MSB.b = [(byte ca S_BIT) + phn nguyn ca(|N| - 1 + bit ca S_BIT)/8].[phn cn
tha ca php chia 8]
L do tr i 1 bi v S_BIT chim mt 1 bit ca thanh ghi.
V d S_BIT l V33.4 v N = 14 th MSB.b s l:
MSB.b = [(33) + (|14| - 1 + 4)/8]*remainder of the division by 8
= (33 + 2)*remainder of the division by 8
= 35.1
MSB.b l: V35.1
Chiu thc hin php dch chuyn ph thuc vo du ca ton hng N trong lnh.
Min gi tr cho php ca ton hng N l: -64 N 64.
121
Nu N dng th php dch chuyn l php dch tri, gi tr ca DATA c

chuyn vo bit thp nht, gi tr logic trong bit cao nht b y ra ngoi (vo bit bo trn
SM1.1). Ngc li N l m th php dch chuyn l php dch phi, gi tr ca DATA
c chuyn vo bit cao nht, gi tr logic trong bit thp nht b y ra ngoi (vo bit bo
trn SM1.1).
SHRB Lnh dch chuyn cc bit ca thanh ghi mt v tr trong mt vng qut. Thanh ghi
c xo trong lnh bng cc ton hng S_BIT ch a ch bit thp trong thanh ghi v |N|
ch di thanh ghi. Gi tr logic ca bit b y ra khi thanh ghi c ghi vo bit bo
trn SM1.1.
STL
LAD
Ton hng
Operands
Shift Register Bit

DATA, S_BIT:
I, Q, V, M, SM, T,
C, S, L.
ROL_DW
EN
SHRB
DATA,
S_BIT, N
Kiu d liu
Data Types
Bool
ENO
S_BIT OUT
DATA
N
N: IB, QB, MB,

SMB, VB, LB, AC,
Constant, VD,
Byte
AC, LD.
Hnh 3.57: M t hng dch chuyn ca thanh ghi vi ton hng m v dng
122
Hnh 3.58: V d v cch s dng lnh dch chuyn thanh ghi c di bt k

15. SIMATIC Interupt and Comunication Instrutions:
Cc ch ngt v x l ngt cho php thc hin cc qu trnh tc cao, phn
ng kp thi vi cc s kin bn trong v bn ngoi.
Nguyn tc c bn ca mt ch ngt cng ging nh thc hin vic gi mt
chng trnh con, ch khc nhau y l chng trnh con c gi ch ng bng lnh
gi chng trnh con CALL, cn chng trnh x l ngt c gi b ng bng tn hiu
bo ngt.
Khi c mt tn hiu bo ngt, h thng s t chc thc hin gi v thc hin
chng trnh con tng ng vi tn hiu ngt , hay ni cch khc l h thng s t chc
x l tn hiu bo ngt . Chng trnh con ny c gi l chng trnh x l ngt.
Do vic gi chng trnh x l ngt bng mt tn hiu bo ngt m thi im xut
hin tn hiu bo ngt hon ton b ng, bi vy h thng s phi h tr thm cho cng
vic x l ngt nh: ct gi ni dung ngn xp, ni dung thanh ghi AC v cc bit nh c
bit; t chc xp hng u tin cho cc tn hiu x l ngt trong trng hp chng cha
kp thi x l.
123
Bng3.7:Lit k cc tn hiu bo ngt tng ng vi tng loi CPU 21x

Kiu
M t tn hiu ngt
ngt
Ngt theo sn ln ca I0.0
0
CPU
212
Y
CPU
214
Y
CPU
215_2DP
Y
Ngt theo sn xung ca I0.0

Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Ngt nhn k t Port 0
Y
Y
Y
Ngt bo vic truyn d liu hon tt
9
Y
Y
Y
Port 0
10 Ngt thi gian 0
Y
Y
Y
11 Ngt thi gian 1
Y
Y
Ngt theo HSC0, khi gi tr tc thi bng gi
12
Y
Y
Y
tr t trc.
13
Y
Y
Y
tr t trc.
Ngt theo HSC1, khi c tn hiu bo i
14
Y
Y
hng m t bn ngoi.
Ngt theo HSC1, khi c tn hiu Reset t
15
Y
Y
ngoi
16
Y
Y
tr t trc.
Ngt theo HSC2, khi c tn hiu bo i
17
Y
Y
hng m t bn ngoi.
Ngt theo HSC2, khi c tn hiu Reset t
18
Y
Y
ngoi
19 PLS0 Ngt bo hon tt vic m xung
Y
Y
20 PLS1 Ngt bo hon tt vic m xung
Y
Y
Ngt theo b nh thi T32, khi gi tc thi
21
Y
CT=PT.
Ngt theo b nh thi T96, khi gi tc thi
22
Y
CT=PT.
23 Ngt bo hon tt vic nhn 1 gi tin Port 0
Y
24 Ngt bo hon tt vic nhn 1 gi tin Port 1
25 Ngt nhn k t Port 1
Ngt bo vic truyn d liu hon tt
26
Port 1
Nu khai bo kiu ngt 12 (HSC0, PV=CV) th hai ku ngt 0 v 1 b v hiu ho.
Ngc li, nu s dng kiu ngt 0 v 1 th kiu ngt 12 b v hiu ho.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
CPU
216
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
124
Bng 3.8: Lit k cc tn hiu bo ngt tng ng vi tng loi CPU 22x
Kiu
ngt
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
M t tn hiu ngt
Ngt nhn k t Port 0
Ngt bo vic truyn d liu hon tt Port 0
Ngt thi gian 0, SNB34
Ngt thi gian 1, SMB35
Ngt theo HSC0, khi gi tr tc thi bng gi tr t
trc CV=PV.
trc CV=PV.
Ngt theo HSC1, khi c tn hiu bo i hng m
t bn ngoi.
Ngt theo HSC1, khi c tn hiu Reset t ngoi
trc CV=PV.
t bn ngoi.
PLS0 Ngt bo hon tt vic m xung
PLS1 Ngt bo hon tt vic m xung
Ngt theo b nh thi T32, khi gi tc thi CT=PT.
Ngt theo b nh thi T96, khi gi tc thi CT=PT.
Ngt bo hon tt vic nhn 1 gi tin Port 0
Ngt bo hon tt vic nhn 1 gi tin Port 1
Ngt nhn k t Port 1
Ngt bo vic truyn d liu hon tt Port 1
t bn ngoi.
trc CV=PV.
t bn ngoi.
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
CPU
214,
224XP
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
CPU
226,
226XM
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
CPU
221
CPU
222
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
125

31
32
33

trc CV=PV.
trc CV=PV.
Th t u tin (priority) v hng i (Queuing) ca cc kiu ngt:

Th t u tin ca cc kiu ngt khc nhau c cng ho t trc theo
nguyn tc tn hiu no c trc th x l trc. Nu cng mt lc c nhiu tn hiu bo
ngt th h thng s sp hng i theo th t u tin sau:
Nhm ngt truyn thng (ni tip).
Nhm ngt vo ra (k c ngt cho b m HSC v ngt truyn xung).
Nhm cc tn hiu bo ngt thi gian.
Ti mi thi im ch c 1 chng trnh x l ngt c thc hin. Cng ni thm
rng, nhm ngt truyn thng c v tr u tin cao nht v ngt thi gian c v tr u tin
thp nht nhng khi h thng ang x l ngt thi gian m c tn hiu bo nht thi gian
th h thng vn tip tc x l n khi kt thc mi tip tc x l ngt truyn thng.
Bng hng i ln nht m tng CPU c th c:
Nhm u tin
212
214
215
216 221 222 224 226
Ngt truyn thng
4
4
4
8
4
4
4
8
Ngt vo ra
4
16
16
16
16
16
16 16
Ngt thi gian
2
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
Ring i vi tn hiu bo ngt truyn thng, mc d cha c x l, nhng k t
nhn c cng bit kim tra chn l vn c ghi nh li trong b m km theo ng
th t ca tn hiu bo ngt.
bit Start 7 hoc 8 bit ca k t
Parity
Stop
Khi hng i y th bit bo trn tng ng cho tng nhm ngt s set ln 1:
Nhm u tin
Bit bo trn
Ngt truyn thng
SM4.0
Ngt vo ra
SM4.1
Ngt thi gian
SM4.2
Cng vi vic chuyn vo ch RUN ca PLC, tt c cc ch ngt trc
khai bo trc s t ng hu (v hiu ho). N c kch li bng lnh ENI (kch
ngt ton cc).
Khai bo mt ch ngt phi thc hin hai vic:
1. Kch tn hiu bo ngt cho ch ngt tng ng (bng cch khai bo ti ton
hng EVENT) bng lnh ATCH.
2. Sau son tho ni dung ca chng trnh ngt trong khi INT_x.
C th gp nhiu tn hiu bo ngt vo cng mt chng trnh (chnh hoc con)
nhng mt tn hiu bo ngt ch c duy nht mt chng trnh x l ngt. Khi hu tn
hiu ngt bng lnh DISI th cc ngt vn tip tc nm vo hng i cho n khi chng
c kch kli bng lnh ENI.
126
STL
ATCH INT,
EVENT
DTCH EVENT
LAD
ATCH
EN
INT
EVENT
DTCH
EN
EVENT
ENI
DISI
CRETI
RETI
ENI
M t
Description
Attach Interupt
Lnh khai bo
ngt m hiu
INT (khi ngt),
Kiu ngt
EVENT
Detach Interupt
Lnh hu ngt
cc b tng ng
vi kiu ngt
EVENT.
Enable Interupt
Lnh kch ngt
ton cc.
Ton hng
Operands
INT: 0 127
EVENT: xem
bng lit k cc
tn hiu bo ngt
tng ng vi
tng loi CPU
Kiu d liu
Data Types
Byte
EVENT: xem
bng lit k cc
tn hiu bo ngt
tng ng vi
tng loi CPU
Byte
none
none
Disable Interupt
Lnh hu tt c
DISI
cc ngt cng
none
mt lc.
Conditional Return from Interupt
Lnh thot tc
thi khi chng
trnh ngt khi
CRETI
none
chng trnh
ngt cha kt
thc.
Return from Interupt
Lnh kt thc
chng trnh x
RETI
l ngt, cui
none
chng trnh.
none
none
none
Chng trnh x l ngt:

Cng nh chng trnh con, mi chng trnh x l ngt c mt nhn ring c
nh du ti im u ca chng trnh. Nhn ny c khai bo bng lnh INT.
Tt c cc lnh nm gia nhn ca chng trnh x l ngt v lnh quay v khng
iu kin RETI ca chng trnh x l ngt u thuc v ni dung ca chng trnh x l
127
ngt. C th kt thc chng trnh x l ngt sm hn bng lnh CRETI, nhng lnh
RETI vn l lnh kt thc ca chng trnh x l ngt. Nhng lnh ny khng cn khai
bo v chng trnh STEP t ng khai bo ging nh lnh MEND (kt thc chng
trnh chnh), lnh RET (lnh kt thc chng trnh con).
Chng trnh x l ngt cn phi c vit ti u, cng nhanh cng tt, khng nn
thc hin chng trnh x l ngt qu lu.
Khng c s dng cc lnh sau trong CTXLN: DISI, ENI, CALL, HDEF,
FOR...NEXT, END.
Hnh 3.59: V d v cch t chc mt chng trnh x l ngt

Ngt tryn thngni tip:
Cng truyn thng ni tip ca PLC c th iu khin bng chng trnh vit
trong LAD, STL. Chng trnh iu khin ny gi l iu khin cng t do (Freeport
Control). Trc khi thc hin qu trnh truyn thng, cc vn sau y cn phi c
thc hin:
Kiu bin bn truyn/nhn (giao thc truyn_Protocol).
Tc truyn/nhn tn hiu.
S bit c truyn cho 1 k t (7 or 8 bit).
Ch kim tra li (cho k t nhn) chn l Parity.
Tt c cc vn ny c nh ngha trong byte c bit SMB30 sau:
128
Hnh 3.60: M t byte nh ngha vic truyn thng ni tip

! Khi truyn thng ch Freeport th PLC khng lm vic vi my lp trnh PG.
Byte SMB2 lm b m ghi nh k t nhn c.
Bit SM3.0 dng kim tra li chn l k t nhn c, nu c li chn l
c pht hin th SM3.0 set ln 1.
S dng thng bo vic truyn thng hon tt.
Cc vn v gi/nhn message c m t nh sau:
Trm A
Trm
gi d liu
Port
RS485
chng trnh x l ngt

EVENT 8
SMB2
Bufer Recive
SM3.0
Parity test
Vng mong
mun
Hnh 3.61: M t cch nhn message ca PLC
129
Chng 4: Ngn ng lp trnh LADDER
CHNG 4
NGN NG LP TRNH LADDER
(Phn ny s c nhc cc chng trc )
4.1. Thit k chng trnh.
4.1.1. Cc khi chc nng h thng.
4.1.2. V d v mch kho ln.
4.1.3. V d v mch iu khin trnh t.
4.2. Thit k mch logic t hp.
4.2.1. V d mt mch logic t hp.
4.2.2. V d nhiu mch logic t hp.
4.3. Thit k mch iu khin trnh t.
4.3.1. Phng php lp trnh trnh t.
4.3.2. V d iu khin c cu cp phi cho my dp.
4.3.3. Phn nhnh trong iu khin trnh t.
126
Chng 5: K thut lp trnh iu khin trnh t
CHNG 5
K THUT LP TRNH IU KHIN TRNH T
5.1. iu khin trnh t dng thanh ghi.
5.1.1. Nguyn l c bn iu khin trnh t dng thanh ghi.
5.1.2. V d v iu khin tay my dng thanh ghi.
(Lin h li chng 3)
5.2 Sequence Control Relay (Relay iu khin tun t):
5.2.1. Lnh STL v lp trnh SCR:
+ Lnh SCR: Lnh nh du v tr bt u ca
on iu khin trnh t. Khi n c gi tr logic
bng 1 th c c pht cho php on iu khin
trnh t bt u lm vic. on iu khin trnh t
phi c kt thc bng lnh SCRE.
+ Lnh SCRT:Lnh thc hin vic chuyn bit iu
khin trnh t sang mt trng thi k tip khc (set
bit k tip). Khi c tn hiu truyn n lnh th S
bit c tham chiu s set ln v relay iu khin
trnh t ny bt u hot ng. on SCR ang
c thc hin lp tc tr v off.
+ Lnh SCRE: Lnh nh du s kt thc ca
on chng trnh iu khin trnh t c bt u
bng lnh SCR.
Trong STL, LAD, FBD cc relay iu khin
trnh t c s dng qun l cc hot ng ca my mc hoc nhng on chng
trnh iu khin theo tng bc.
Lnh LSCR chuyn trng thi logic ca SCR vo trong ngn xp (stacks) tng ng
vi gi tr ca S bit c tham chiu bi lnh. on chng trnh c hot ng hay
khng l ph thuc vo kt qu ca SCR stack. nh ngn xp c a kt qu ca S
bit (c tham chiu trong lnh)
ra trc tip cun dy (LAD) hay
hp (FBD). Hnh 1 m t s hot
ng ca S stack v logic stack
v kt qu ca vic thc hin
lnh LSCR.
+ Cc vn cn lu trong khi
s dng relay iu khin trnh t:
- Tt c cc vn logic gia
lnh LSCR v SCRE to ra bi
relay iu khin trnh t tu
Hnh 5.1: Kt qu ca vic thc hin lnh
thuc vo kt qu ca S stack
127
ca qu trnh thc hin lnh. Cn cc vn logic gia lnh SCRE v lnh LSCR
(bn ngoi ni dung ca chng trnh iu khin trnh t) khng ph thuc vo kt
qu cu S stack.
- Lnh SCRT set S bit cho php thc hin on lnh SCR k tip v cng reset S bit
c thc hin trc .
+ Cc vn hn ch khi s dng lnh iu khin trnh t:
- Bn khng th s dng nhiu S bit ging nhau cho nhiu hn mt chng trnh. V
d, nu bn s dng S0.1 trong chng trnh chnh, bn khng th s dng n trong
chng trnh con hoc chng trnh x l ngt.
- Khng s dng lnh nhy JMP v lnh khai bo nhn LBL trong on SSR. Ngha l
khng cho php nhy vo trong on SCR t bn ngoi hoc bn trong hoc t bn
trong nhy ra. Bn c th thc hin cp lnh JMP v LBL xung quanh on SCR.
- Bn khng th s dng lnh FOR...NEXT v lnh END trong on chng trnh
SCR.
5.2.2. AND nhnh SCR:
V d cch s dng lnh SCR (y cng l v d v cch s dng lnh AND nhnh):
Trong v d ny, bit SM0.1 c s dng set bit S0.1 tng ng vi trng
thi SCR1 hot ng trong vng qut u tin.
Sau thi gian delay 2s, bit T37 s chuyn tip n trng thi SCR2. Trong qu
trnh chuyn tip ny, n s lm ngng trng thi SCR1 v bt u hot ng trng
thi SCR2 (S0.2).
Trong vng nh d liu ca PLC S7-200 c vng nh S 32 byte dnh cho iu
khin trnh t.
128
5.2.3. iu khin phn k:

Trong nhiu ng dng, dng trng thi n phn ng thi thnh hai hoc nhiu dng.
Khi cc dng trong iu khin phn k cng i ra t mt dng n phi hot ng
ng thi. Xem m t hai dng phn k hnh 2.
State L
Transition Condition
State L
State L
Hnh 5.2: Dng iu khin phn k

Dng iu khin phn k c th c thc hin bng cch b sung cng mt lc nhiu
lnh SCRT vo trong mt chng trnh SCR. Xem v d sau:
129
5.2.4. iu khin hi t:
Cng nhiu trng hp tng t pht sinh khi hai hoc nhiu dng trng thi tun t
phi kt hp li thnh dng n. S kt hp gi l hi t. Tt c cc dng n phi
hon tt trc khi trng thi tip theo c thc hin. Xem m t hai dng phn k
hnh 5.3.
State L
State M
Transition Condition
State N
Hnh 5.3: Dng iu khin phn k

iu khin dng hi t c th b sung vo trong chng trnh SCR bng cch truyn t
trng thi L n trng thi L v t trng thi M n trng thi M. Khi hai bit trng
thi c trnh din l ng th trng thi N tip theo c cho php, xem v d sau:
130
ng dng: Dng kt thc mt hoc nhiu thit b ca qu trnh iu khin khi khng
mun n tip din trong chu trnh.
5.2.5. S lp li hot ng trnh t:
c ng dng trong nhng bi ton cng ngh hot ng theo tng bc (step) v
theo mt chu trnh nht nh khng c php thay i. V d iu khin my gpt; n giao thng; iu khin my trn nhin liu ...c th m t nh sau:
131
Hnh 5.4: iu khin trnh t theo chu trnh lp li

V d 1: iu khin hot ng ca cnh tay my mt bc t do gp chi tit my t
bng chuyn A chuyn sang bng chuyn B
Hnh 5.5: S cng ngh ca my gp- t

132
Chng 6: Cc chc nng chuyn dng trn S7-200
CHNG 6: CC CHC NNG CHUYN DNG TRN PLC S7-200

6.1. o lng v gim st nhit vi module EM235 nhn cm bin nhit in tr
Pt100:
Yu cu phn cng:
1 S7-200 CPU
1 Pt100 Temperature Sensor
1 TD200 Operator Interface
1 EM235 Analog Expansion Module
Chn dy in p trong gii hn 0V10V cho EM235, bt cc cng tc trn module theo
cc v tr c n nh tng ng vi tng dy in p u v phn di ca tn hiu
vo theo bng di y:
Khng o du
SW1 SW2
SW3
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF ON
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF ON
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF ON
OFF
o du
SW1 SW2
SW3
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF ON
OFF
OFF OFF
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF ON
OFF
OFF OFF
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF ON
OFF
OFF OFF
ON
SW4
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
SW5
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
SW6
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
SW4
ON
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
SW5
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
SW6
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
Gii hn dy
in p u vo
0 50 mV
0 100 mV
0 500 mV
01V
05V
0 20 mA
0 10 V
Gii hn dy
in p u vo
25 mV
50mV
100mV
250 mV
500 mV
1V
2.5V
5V
10V
phn di
12.5 V
25 V
125 V
250 V
12.5 mV
5 A
2.5 mV
phn di
12.5 V
25 V
50 V
125 V
250 V
500 V
12.5 mV
25 mV
50 mV
SW6: chn in p v dng vo c du hoc khng du; SW4, SW5: chn h s khuych
i; SW3,2,1: chn h s suy gim.
133
Gi tr chuyn i ADC 12 bit ca t n i vi tn hiu vo c/khng c du:
Hnh 6.1: Cu trc ca module EM235

Tu thuc vo s knh s dng trn module analog EM235 tng ng vi a ch
u vo (t n) phi s dng trong qu trnh lp trnh: AWI0_cho channel 1, AWI2_cho
channel 2, AWI4_cho channel 3.
Sau y l chng trnh gi m cho ngi s dng trong qu trnh o lng v
gim st nhit da trn h thng 1 module CPU, 1 module EM235, 1 cm bin nhit
in Pt100 v 1 TD200 (Text Display).
Module tin hnh c gi tr nhit in tr c bin thnh gi tr in p theo bc.
u u ra analog c s dng nh hng s ca ngun dng. Dng cung cp cho Pt100
l 12.5 mA ngun dng.
Vi mch ny u vo l tuyn tnh ca 5mV/1C. Gi tr analog ca u vo c
s ho qua h thng bin i ADC v c c u n theo chu k. T gi tr ny,
chng trnh s thc hin tnh ton v chuyn i theo cng thc sau:
T[C] = (Digital value - 0C offset)/ 1C value
134
Digital value: gi tr u vo analog c chuyn i.

0C offset: gi tr s, c o 0C; trong v d ny gi tr offset l 4000.
1C value: gi tr tng ng vi 1C, trong v d ny th 1C =16.
Chng trnh tnh ton gi tr thp phn v ghi kt qu vo bin ca
message1: "Temperature = xxx.xC" gi tr ny c hin th trn TD200. Trc khi khi
to chng trnh ny, phi xc nh c gii hn nhit thp nht v nhit cao nht.
Nu nhit vt qu ngng th s xut hin dng cnh bo trn TD200. Xut
hin dng thng bo Message 2: "Temperature > xxx.xC" nu nhit vt qu ngng.
Message 3: "Temperature < xxx.xC" nu nhit di ngng.
Hnh 6.2: Cch lp TD200 vi CPU v module EM235
Hnh 6.3: Cch lp ghp cm bin vi module EM235

135
Chng trnh vit trn Step 7 bng ngn ng STL:

Network 1: Set the High and Low Temperature Limits
LD First_Scan_On:SM0.1
// In the first scan cycle,
MOVD +0, VD196
// clear VW196 and VW198.
MOVW +16, VW250
// Load 1 C = 16 in VW250
MOVW +4000, VW252
// Set the 0 C offset = 4000.
MOVW +300, VW260
// Set the high temperature
// limit = 30 C.
MOVW +200, VW262
// Set the low temperature
// limit = 20 C.
MOVW +20000, AQW0
// Initialize a 12.5 mA current
// at analog output word AQW0.
Network 2: Calculate the Value and Enable Message 1
LD Always_On:SM0.0
// Every scan cycle,
MOVW AIW4, VW200
// move the value in analog
// input word AIW4 to VW200.
-I VW252, VW200
// Subtract the 0 C offset.
DIV VW250, VD198
// Divide the result by the 1 C
// value.
MUL +10, VD196
// Multiply the remainder by 10.
DIV VW250, VD196
// Divide the value in variable
// double word VD196 (remainder x 10)
// by the 1 C value.
MOVW VW198, VW160
// Shift the quotient by 1 decimal
// point to the left.
MOVW +0, VW198
// Clear VW198.
MUL +10, VD198
// Multiply the temperature value
// by 10.
+I VW160, VW200
// Add the result of temperature
// value x 10 with the value that
// is stored as the digit following
// the decimal point.
MOVW VW200, VW116
// Transfer the result to VW116
// (embedded value on the TD 200)
// for display.
S V12.7, 1
// Enable message 1 for display
// on the TD 200.
Network 3: If Temperature Exceeds High Limit, Enable Message 2 and Turn Off Furnace
LDW>= VW200, VW260
// If the temperature value >=
// the high temperature limit
// stored in VW260,
= V12.6
// enable message 2 on the TD 200.
R Q0.0, 1
// Turn off the furnace.
136
MOVW VW260, VW136
// Move the high temperature limit

// value to VW136 (embedded value
// on the TD 200) for display
// in message 2.
Network 4: If Temperature Drops Below Low Limit, Enable Message 3 and Turn On
Furnace
LDW<= VW200, VW262
// If the temperature value <=
// the low temperature limit
// stored in VW262,
= V12.5
// enable message 3 on the TD 200.
S Q0.0, 1
// Turn on the furnace.
MOVW VW262, VW156
// Move the low temperature limit
// value to VW156 (embedded value
// on the TD 200) for display in
// message 3.
Network 5: Main Program End
6.2. o lng v gim st nhit vi module EM235 nhn cm bin truyn tnh nhit
in Pt100:
Yu cu phn cng:
1 S7-200 CPU
1 Pt100 Temperature Detector
1 TD200 Operator Interface
1 EM235 Analog Expansion Module
y l chng trnh gi m lm th no c th o v gim st trong phm vi gii hn
theo danh ngha l thuyt s dng module m rng analog EM235. Nh u d nhit
Pt100 l c kt ni ti knh vo analog ca module.
Qa trnh chuyn i in tr trn Pt100 thnh nhit da trn s chuyn i
in p. Ngun ni Pt100 c s dng nh 1 ngun dng. Tn hiu cung cp c dng n
nh mc 2.5mA cho u d Pt100. Vi mch in ny, in p u vo thay i tuyn
tnh ca 1mV/C.
EM235 chuyn i gi tr analog (p) thnh digital c thc hin tun t theo chu
k. Chng trnh tnh ton nhit da tren cng thc sau:
T[C] = (te - to)/t1
te : gi tr s c trc tip t knh u vo AWIx(x = 0,2,4)
to : gi tr s, o 0C (C offset)
t1 : s nguyn tng ng vi 1C
Chng trnh tnh ton gi tr thp phn v ghi kt qu vo bin nh ca Message
1: "Temperature xxx.xC" kt qu ny c hin th trn TD200.
Trong qu trnh khi to, phi ch nh r vng gii hn (gi tr thp nht v gi tr
cao nht). Ngoi ra trn TD200 cn xem c cnh bo nu nhit vt qu gii hn n
nh trc. Cch lp TD200 vi CPU v module EM23 xem hnh 2.
137
o in tr shunt ca Pt100 s dng v d ny l ph hp trong gii hn nhit

t -200C100C. ng c tnh ca Pt100 xem bn di, n khng hon ton tuyn
tnh. Sai khc mt t so vi ng thng, hu ht s sai lch ny u nm trong gii hn.
Hnh 6.4: ng c tnh nhit in tr ca Pt100

Nhit trong gii hn t -200C -130C v t 0C 100C.Nhit o c t
hn gi tr thc t mt t v phi b thm.
S sai lch v in tr ph thuc vo nhit , xem hnh bn di. Trong trng
hp ny ta phn dy nhit ra lm 30 on, 10C cho mi on. Nh ta mi tm c
gi tr lch trung bnh cho tng on. Kt qu lch trong 30 on ny s c s
dng trong sut qu trnh "tuyn tnh ho" ca chng trnh bng cch b gi tr nhit
tng ng cho tng on.
138
Hnh 6.5: B gi tr nhit tng ng cho tng on

in tr thay i 0.4 tng ng vi nhit thay i 1C. Gi tr b c th
chuyn i sang C v c th a trc tip vo chng trnh tnh ton nhit . Gi tr b
c lit k theo bng sau:
Trong sut qu trnh thit lp, gi tr hiu chnh c lu li trong vng nh m

v sau chng trnh s thm vo trong gi tr nhit o c. Gi tr in tr o c
ca Pt100 0C l 100. in tr thay i tuyn tnh theo nhit theo h s 0.4/C.
Ngun nui cung cp cho cm bin phi l ngun dng n nh 2.5mA.
Dy in p la chn t 0V 1V, trong phn di l 10A/n v. Nh vy
2.5mA c quy i thnh 250 n v. Chn gi tr ngng thp tng ng vi 2.5mA l
4000, t phng trnh bin i sau: (32000*2.5mA)/20mA = 4000.
La chn in p trong gii hn t 0V 1V bng cch la chn cc cng tc theo
cc ch nh sau:
139
Switch: 1
3
5
7
9
11
ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF
Cch lp ghp cm bin vi module EM235 xem hnh 3.
Network 1: Initialize the Current for the Pt100
// In the first scan cycle,
MOVW +4000, AQW0
// move 4000 into analog output
// word AQW0 to initialize a
// 2.5 mA current for the Pt100.
Network 2: Load the Measured Value and Calculate the Temperature
MOVW AIW4, VW200
// load measured value from AIW4
// in VW200.
-I VW252, VW200
// Subtract the 0 C offset from
// the temperature value.
DIV VW250, VD198
// Divide the result by C.
MUL +10, VD196
// Multiply the remainder by 10. . .
DIV VW250, VD196
// Divide the result by the C
// value and add the resulting
// value to the first
// position after decimal.
MOVW VW198, VW160
// Move VW198 to temporary
// location VW160.
MOVW +0, VW198
// Clear VW198.
MUL +10, VD198
// Multiply the temperature value
// by 10.
+I VW160, VW200
// Add the temperature value and
// the value in the first position
// after the decimal to determine
// the exact temperature.
Network 3: Enable Message 2 On the TD 200
LDW>= VW200, VW260 // If the temperature value measured
// >= the high limit,
R V12.5, 3
// reset all three TD 200 messages.
= V12.6
// Enable the TD 200 message,
// "Temperature>".
MOVW VW260, VW136 // Move the high limit into the
// TD 200 embedded value display.
JMP 1
// Jump to Label 1.
Network 4: Enable Message 3 On the TD 200
LDW<= VW200, VW262 // If the temperature value measured
// <= the low limit,
R V12.5, 3
// reset all three TD 200 messages.
= V12.5
// Enable the TD 200 message,
140
// "Temperature<".
// Move the low limit into the
// TD 200 embedded value display.
// Jump to Label 1.
MOVW VW262, VW156

JMP 1
Network5: Find the Compensation Value and Display the Temperature

LD Always_On:SM0.0
// Every scan cycle,
MOVD +0, AC1
// load the starting address for
// the temperature table B
// into accumulator AC1.
FND> VW398, VW200, AC1
// Begin searching table B at
// VW398 until the value stored
// in VW200 is found.
// Then, place the index value
// in accumulator AC1.
MOVD &VB300, AC2
// Load the starting address of
// table A into AC2.
MUL +2, AC1
// Multiply the index by 2.
+D AC1, AC2
// Add the index to the starting
// address.
MOVW *AC2, VW116
// Move the adjustment value into
// VW116.
+I VW200, VW116
// Add the adjustment value to
// the measured temperature to
// get the true value.
S V12.7, 1
// Enable the first TD 200 message,
// "Temperature=".
Network 6: Label One
LBL 1
// This is the destination for
// the Jump to Label instruction
// in Network 3 and Network 4.
6.3. Cch s dng b m tc cao ghi li gi tr analog bng cch chuyn i gi
tr analog sang tn s:
Yu cu phn cng:
Trong phn ny c s dng u ra xung phc v cho mc ch iu khin
nn phi s dng PLC DC/DC/DC CPU loi 214, 215, 216, 221, 222, 224,
224XP, 226, 226XM.
B chuyn i in p sang tn s loi SFW01 (Trnker Commpany), c tiu
chun k thut nh sau:
141
+ Ngun cung cp: 24VDC

+ p vo: 0VDC 10VDC
+ u ra: Sng xung vung, 24VDC-GND
+ Gii hn o: 0VDC 10VDC 0Hz 2000Hz
+ Ratio ( tng tuyn tnh): 200Hz/V
M t: Vi s tr gip ca b chuyn i in p sang tn s, b m tc cao (HSC)
ca PLC 214 c s dng ghi li gi tr in p ny. B chuyn i s dng in p
vo t 0V 10V. Gi tr ny c chuyn i sang dy xung vung c tn s tng ng
0Hz 2000Hz. Tn hiu ny c a vo b m tc cao ca CPU 214. Dy xung
ny s c m, sau khong thi gian nh trc, lng xung s c ghi v gi tr in
p c tnh ton.
Hnh 6.6: Cch lp b bin i in p sang tn s vi u vo ca b m tc cao

Main Program (OB1):
Network 1: Call Subroutine SBR0
// Load SM0.1.
CALL SBR_0:SBR0
// Call SBR0.
Subroutine Program (SBR0):
Network 1: Subroutine SBR0
Network 2: Initialize High-Speed Counter and Enable Timed Interrupt
LD Always_On:SM0.0
// Load SM0.0.
MOVB 16#FC, HSC1_Ctrl:SMB47 // Load control bits for HSC1.
142
HDEF 1, 0
// Assign mode 0 to HSC1.
MOVD +0, HSC1_CV:SMD48
// Set the new current value of
// HSC1.
MOVD 16#0000FFFF, HSC1_PV:SMD52 // Set the new preset value of
// HSC1 (not used in this example).
MOVB 100, Time_0_Intrvl:SMB34 // Set the time interval for
// timed INT0 = 100 ms.
ATCH INT_0:INT0, 10
// Attach interrupt event 10 to
// INT0.
ENI
// Enable all interrupt events.
HSC 1
// Start HSC1.
Network 3: End of Subroutine SBR0
Interupt Program (INT0):
Network 1: Interrupt Routine INT0
Network 2: Evaluate High-Speed Counter HSC1
LD Always_On:SM0.0
// Load SM0.0.
MOVD HC1, VD100
// Move the value in HSC1 to
// VD100 to store the current
// count.
MOVD +0, HSC1_CV:SMD48
// Reset the current value (CV)
// of HSC1 = 0.
MOVB 16#C0, HSC1_Ctrl:SMB47 // Enable HSC1 and update current
// value (CV).
HSC 1
// Start HSC1.
SRD VD100, 1
// Divide the count stored in
// VD100 in half.
MOVB VB103, Display_Voltage:QB0 // Display the result at QB0.
// (10 times the voltage).
Network 3: End of Interrupt Routine INT0
6.4. Cch o mc t u vo analog:
Yu cu phn cng:
EM235 mudule, v tr cc DIP Switching nh sau:
1
3
5
7
9
off
off
on
off
off
TD200 (Text Display)
y l chng trnh c gi tr analog t knh vo ca S7-200 v cung cp cho gi tr u
ra mc. Tt c cc gi tr yu cu phi c cung cp vi gi tr c thit lp trong
chng trnh. Cc bin sau y c a vo v tr thch hp trong cng thc:
Ov : gi tr u ra mc
Iv
: gi tr u vo analog
Osh : gii hn mc cao cho gi tr u ra
Osl : gii hn mc thp cho gi tr u ra
143
Ish : gii hn trn ca gi tr du vo analog

Isl : gii hn di ca gi tr du vo analog
S quan h gia gi tr u vo analog v gi tr u ra mc c th hin theo th sau:
Hnh 6.7: th biu din quan h gia u vo analog v u ra mc

Cng thc sau tnh ton gi tr mc c th say ra t th:
Ov = [(Osh - Osl)*(Iv - Isl)/(Ish - Isl)] + Osl
Thut ton ca chng trnh:
Bt u chng
trnh chnh
Khi d liu: Thit lp cu hnh cho
TD200, thit lp mc thp v mc cao
Khai bo tham s trong vng nh V v

chun b gi chng trnh con SBR0
SBR0: gi tr mc cho u ra analog
Lm trn v a ti u ra Word
(analog)
SBR0: gi tr mc cho TD200
Hin th message trn TD200
Kt thc chng
trnh chnh
144

Main Program (OB1):
Network 1: Read the Analog Input Value and Convert to Real
LD Always_On:SM0.0
// Load SM0.0.
MOVD +0, AC1
// Move 0 to AC1 to clear AC1.
MOVW AIW0, AC1
// Move the value in AIW0 into AC1.
DTR AC1, VD500
// Convert the value in AC1 from
// decimal to real and store the
// real number in VD500.
Network 2: Store the Maximum and Minumum Scaling Values
LD Always_On:SM0.0
// Load SM0.0.
MOVD VD500, VD1000
// Move the value in VD500 into
// VD1000.
MOVD VD200, VD1004
// VD1004.
MOVD VD204, VD1008
// VD1008.
MOVW VW208, VW1012
// Move the value in VW208 into
// VW1012.
MOVD VD212, VD1016
// VD1016.
CALL SBR_0:SBR0
// Call SBR0.
Network 3: Truncate the Value Received from Subroutine SBR0
LD Always_On:SM0.0
// Load SM0.0.
TRUNC VD2000, AC1
// Truncate the value in VD2000
// and store the result in AC1.
MOVW AC1, AQW0
// Move the value in AC1 to
// AQW0.
Network 4: Store the TD 200 Maximum and Minimum Scale Values
LD Always_On:SM0.0
// Load SM0.0.
MOVD VD216, VD1012
// VD1012.
MOVD VD220, VD1016
// VD1016.
CALL SBR_0:SBR0
// Call SBR0.
Network 5: Enable the TD 200 Message to Display the Liquid Level Value
LD Always_On:SM0.0
// Load SM0.0.
MOVR VD2000, AC1
// accumulator AC1.
*R 100.0, AC1
// Multiply the value in AC1
// by 100.
TRUNC AC1, AC1
// Truncate value in AC1.
MOVW AC1, VW116
// Move the value in AC1 into
145
// VW116 for TD 200 display.

// Enable 'Liquid Level = ' message
// on the TD 200.
Network 6: Enable Max. Level Reached Message on the TD 200
LDR>= VD2000, VD224
// If VD2000 >= VD224,
= V12.6
// enable 'Max. Level Reached'
// message on the TD 200.
Network 7: Enable Min. Level Reached Message on the TD 200
LDR<= VD2000, VD228
// If VD2000 <= VD228,
= V12.5
// enable 'Min. Level Reached'
// message on the TD 200.
Network 8: Open the Inlet Valve
LDN V12.6
// Load variable memory bit V12.6
// as a Normally Closed contact.
// If V12.6 is not set
A I0.0
// and input I0.0 is set
AN Q0.1
// and output Q0.1 is not set,
= Q0.0
// set output Q0.0.
Network 9: Open the Outlet Valve
LDN V12.5
// Load variable memory bit V12.5
// as a Normally Closed contact.
// If V12.5 is not set
A I0.1
// and input I0.1 is set
AN Q0.0
// and output Q0.0 is not set,
= Q0.1
// set output Q0.1.
Network 10: End of Main Program
=
V12.7
Subroutine Program (SBR0):

Network 1: Subroutine SBR0
Network 2: Subtract Minimum Scale Values from Maximum Scale Values
LD Always_On:SM0.0
// Load SM0.0.
MOVR VD1012, AC1
// AC1.
-R VD1016, AC1
// Subtract the value in VD1016
// from the value in AC1.
MOVR VD1004, AC2
// AC2.
-R VD1008, AC2
MOVR VD1000, AC3
// AC3.
-R VD1008, AC3
146

Network 3: Perform Final Mathematical Calculations
LD Always_On:SM0.0
// Load SM0.0.
/R AC2, AC3
// Divide the value in AC3 by
// the value in AC2.
*R AC1, AC3
// Multiply the value in AC1
// by the value in AC3.
MOVR AC3, VD2000
// Add the value in AC3 to
// the value in VD1016
+R VD1016, VD2000
// and place the sum in VD2000.
Network 4: End of Subroutine SBR0
6.5. Module iu khin v tr mt trc:
Yu cu phn cng:
Mt CPU-221 or 222 or 224 or 224XP or 226 or 226XM
Bi v u ra xung c s dng trong phn gi ny nn CPU loi
DC/DC/DC c la chn.
Mt cp PC/PPI.
Mt b lp trnh (PG) hoc my tnh (PC).
Mt motor bc loi SIMOSTEP vi tng trng moment l 2Nm,
tng trng dng in l 1.8A. tra thng s k thut ca cc lai ng
c bc ny da vo trang web sau: ht//www.ad.siemens.de/.
Mt module FM STEPDRIVE.
Mt on cp cho motor khong chng 10m.
in tr hoc CALEX module 8502.
Mt b cp cho tn hiu iu khin ti ngun nui.
Mt b m phng cho S7 200.
CPU 221 s dng trong v d ny s dng hai u ra pht xung tc cao iu khin
motor (c th pht ti tn s 20kHz), nn dng chc nng ramp up hoc ramp down ca
cc i CPU 221 tr ln. S dng b ngun c bit FM STEPDRIVE chuyn i
xung iu khin thnh ngun dng cung cp cho cc cun dy ca motor. T trng
quay ca motor c th chuyn i sang v tr, c th l s bc tng ng vi gc o .A
do xung iu khin to ra mt cch tun t. Dy xung tun t tng ng vi tn s ca
nhng bc ging nhau (xung ng b). Nu tn s khng cao th s xy ra hin tng
chuyn ng step-to-step ca trc ng c s chuyn thnh chuyn ng quay lin tc
(iu ny c th gy ra mt bc).
Trong v d mu ny s dng u ra pht xung Q0.0 cho motor; I0.0 tn hiu iu
khin motor; vic iu khin c ra s xung vung c n nh nh l vic c s bc
ca motor; u vo I0.1 l cng tc off ca motor; u vo I0.5 la chn hng quay
ca motor.
gim thiu li trong qu trnh iu khin tn s cao, nn s dng c tnh
ramp lc tng hoc gim tc iu ny s hiu qu hn rt nhiu. c tnh ramp ny s
c gii thiu phn s dng hai hm pht xung tc cao PTO v PWM.
147
+ Module FM STEPDRIVE:
Module ny c th iu khin bng tn hiu clock mc cao l u im ni bt.
Mi mt xung clock tng ng vi mt bc ca motor. Ngi ta c th n nh gi tr
ca dng pha, s bc, suy gim dng bng cc la chn trn cc cng tc ca module.
+ Input Signals:
PULSE
Clock pulse
Mi sn ln to nn mt bc, in p 24VDC
Drection of
Chn chiu quay thun ngc
DIR
rotation
Nu c tn hiu vo l cho php th b phn ngun s sn
ENABLE Enable
sng cung cp
Mc dng pha ca motor c set ln, n c th thay i
PWM
Current Control
c bng cch iu bin rng xung.
+ Out Signals:
READY1_N
Ready Status Sau khi u vo enable cho php hot ng, b phn
ngun s c bo co sn sng hot ng cho u ra READY1_N.
+ Tn hiu giao tip:
Tn hiu ca b iu khin mc cao c cung cp bng xung iu khin u vo
24VDC, c th cho php iu khin motor u vo GATE_N.
Hnh 6.8: S ghp ni step motor vi b iu khin
148
+ Inputs:
GATE_N Enable the clock pulse signal : Khi c 24V cng vo GATE_N, tn hiu
ang ch i cho vic iu khin stepper motor. Nu cho 0V, tn hiu ch b hu b.
+ Outputs:
V tr zero ca b m vng quay bn trong, in
ZERO
Zero signal right counter
p 24V c cp cho u ra zero ny.
Sau khi u vo cho php hot ng, b phn
READY2 Ready status
ngun bo co l c c bi u ra ready2.
Nu tn hiu clock b hu bi u vo GATE_N
MSTILL Motor Stepped
v motor dng li, s dng li ny l s chp nhn
bi tn hiu MSTILL.
+ B chuyn i in p cho b iu khin Stepper Motor:
Xem hnh sau y bn c th d dng to mt mch in kt ni b iu khin
lp trnh ti b drive ca stepper motor. Tt c cc u vo ca b FM STEPDRIVE l
5V.
Hnh 6.9: S ghp ni gia u ra ca PLC vi module FM STEPDRIVE

Cng c th la chn b chuyn i Callex (nh l module 8502) to ra ngun tn hiu
5V.
Hnh 6.10: S ghp ni gia u ra ca PLC vi Calex
149
M t chng trnh:
Trong vng qut u tin (SM0.1=1) cc gi tr quan trng cho vic to xung c
t li. y tc hot ng cng nh s bc theo danh ngha l thuyt.
Cch la chn hng quay ca motor:
Bn c th s dng cng tc I0.5 la chn hng quay. Nu u vo I0.5 = 1
u ra Q0.2 c set ln mc cao v chiu quay ca ng c lc ny l ngc chiu kim
ng h. Nu u vo I0.5 = 0, u ra Q0.2 c reset xung mc thp v chiu quay ca
motor lc ny l cng chiu kim ng h. Trong trng hp trnh motor mt bc,
hng quay ch c th thay i c khi bit nh trng thi hot ng ca motor l off
(M0.1 = 0).
Cc bc khi ng motor:
1. n nt Start, iu c ngha l c sn ln truyn ti u vo I0.0.
2. Khng c kho lin ng, iu c ngha l bit nh lin ng b reset.
3. B iu khin chuyn sang ch off, c ngha l bit nh hot ng b
reset.
Nu cc yu t c hi t, bit nh M0.1 c reset v b iu khin s dng
lnh PLS khi ng vic pht ra dy xung cng Q0.0. iu cn thit cho vic pht
xung l phi c d liu c khai bo tng ng trong vng nh c bit tng ng vi
lnh PTO/PWM v u ra Q0.3 c set.
Cch dng motor:
1. n nt Stop, iu ny tng ng vi vic truyn xung ln n port I0.1
2. B iu khin bt ln on, iu tng ng vi M0.1 c set.
Nu cc yu t c hi t, bit nh M0.1 c reset. Sau xung ra ti port
Q0.0 b ngt i bi v qu trnh iu bin rng xung b gii phng kt ni vi lnh
PLS0. Khi iu ny xy ra, rng xung b gim xung zero. Sau ngt 0 c x l,
bit nh M0.1 c reset ln na chun b cho vic khi ng b iu khin ln tip
theo.
Cu trc chng trnh iu khin:
Khi ng CT chnh
Ch nh rng v chu k xung, cho

php INT0 hot ng.
No
Bt motor sang
off?
Yes
150
La chn chiu quay

I0.5
No
Nt khi ng
Motor hot ng v
removebit lin ng?
Yes
Pht dy xung ra ti cng Q0.0
No
Stop motor, nut

I0.1 hot ng ?
Yes
Ngt dy xung ra ti cng Q0.0
Kt thc
CT chnh
Chng trnh th hin di dng ngn ng STL:

Network 1: ***MAIN PROGRAM*** Specify Pulse Width and Cycle Time
LD First_Scan_On
// Load SM0.1.
MOVW +500, PLS0_Cycle
// Specify cycle time of 500
// microseconds for PWM.
MOVW +0, PWM0_PW
// Specify pulse width of 0.
MOVD +40000, PTO0_PC
// Read out 40,000 pulses.
S Enable_Drive, 1
// Enable the FM STEPDRIVE.
ATCH INT_0, 19
// Attach interrupt event 19 to
// INT0.
ENI
// Enable interrupt.
Network 2: Enable Counterclockwise Rotation
LDN Drive_ON
// Load M0.1 as a Normally Closed
// contact.
151
// If M0.1 is not set

A Direction
// and input I0.5 is set,
S Q0.2, 1
// set output Q0.2.
Network 3: Enable Clockwise Rotation
LDN Drive_ON
// Load M0.1 as a Normally Closed
// contact.
// If M0.1 is not set
AN Direction
// and input I1.5 is not set,
R Q0.2, 1
// reset output Q0.2.
Network 4: Activate Interlock
LD Motor_STOP
// Load input I0.1.
// If input I0.1 is set,
S Interlock, 1
// set memory bit M0.2.
Network 5: Cancel Interlock
LDN Motor_START
// Load input I0.0 as a Normally
// Closed contact.
// If input I0.0 is not set
AN Motor_STOP
// and input I0.1 is not set,
R Interlock, 1
// reset memory bit M0.2.
Network 6: Set PWM/PTO Control for Output Q0.0 and Start Drive
LD Motor_START
// Load input I0.0
EU
// If there is a positive transition
// (Edge Up) at input I0.0
AN Interlock
// and memory bit M0.2 is not set
AN Drive_ON
// and memory bit M0.1 is not set,
MOVB 16#85, PLS0_Ctrl
// load the control bits for pulse
// train output at output Q0.0.
PLS 0
// Enable pulse function at output
// Q0.0.
S Drive_ON, 1
// Set memory bit M0.1.
Network 7: Stop Drive and Set PWM/PTO Control for Output Q0.0
LD Motor_STOP
// Load input I1.1
EU
// If there is a positive transition
// (Edge Up) at input I0.1
A Drive_ON
// and memory bit M0.1 is set,
R Drive_ON, 1
// reset memory bit M0.1.
MOVB 16#CB, PLS0_Ctrl
// Load control bits for pulse width
// modulation at output Q0.0.
PLS 0
// End pulse output at Q0.0.
Network 8: Kt thc chng trnh chnh.
Network 1: Bt u chng trnh con ( Interrupt Routine INT0)
Network 2: Reset Memory Bit M0.1 (drive ON)
LD Always_On
// Load SM0.0.
152
R Drive_ON, 1
// Reset memory bit M0.1.
Network 3: End of Interrupt Routine INT0.
RETI
// End INT0.
6.6. Cc ng dng truyn thng trn Step 7-200:
6.6.1. Kt ni PLC vi my in qua cng song trong ch truyn thng Freeport:
Hnh 6.11: Kt ni PLC vi my in qua cng song

6.6.2. Truyn thng gia S505 v S7 trong mng qua module giao din trng MIF:
Hnh 6.12: Kt ni S505 v S7 trong mng qua module giao din trng MIF
153
6.6.3. Truyn thng S7-200 ch Freeport s dng modem in thoi telephone

network:
Hnh 6.12: Kt ni S7-200 ch Freeport s dng modem in thoi
Hnh 6.13: Kt ni port truyn thng gia S7 v modem
154
6.6.4. Truyn thng Freeport kt ni mng vi S7-200 CPUs trong trng hp I/O
xa:
Hnh 6.14: Truyn thng gia cc S7-200 vi nhau

6.6.5. S dng trnh ng dng Hyper Terminal window kt ni gia PC v PLC:
Hnh 6.15: Truyn thng gia S7 v PC
155
6.6.6. Kt ni gia S7-200 vi encoder s dng port truyn thng RS485:
Hnh 6.16: Kt ni Encoder vo port truyn thng
156
6.6.7. Truyn thng theo giao thc Mudbus kt ni cc S7-200 slave:
Hnh 6.17: Kt ni truyn thng theo giao thc Mudbus

6.6.8. S dng modem Radio kt ni mng S7-200:
Hnh 6.18: Kt ni truyn thng s dng Radio modem
157
6.6.9. S dng TD-200 iu khin v gim st S7-200:
Hnh 6.19: Kt ni truyn thng S7-200 v TD200
158
6.6.10. Tch hp mng AS-I vi S7-200:
Hnh 6.20: Kt ni truyn thng S7-200 vi sensor v c cu chp hnh qua mng AS-I
6.6.11. Kt ni S7-300 vi S7-200 theo chun Profibus v vi my lp trnh:
Hnh 6.21: Truyn thng S7-200 v S7-300 theo chun Profibus

159
6.6.12. Kt ni S7-200 vi mng Ethernet:
Hnh 6.22: Truyn thng S7-200 trong mng Ethernet
Hnh 6.23: Cc modem kt ni S7-200 vi mng Ethernet
160
Chng 7: Nhng ng dng ca PLC
CHNG 7
NHNG NG DNG CA PLC
7.1. ng dng PLC trong lnh vc iu khin robot:
V vn robot cng nghip ch yu l cc cnh tay my lm vic trong cc nh my
lp rp v sn xut t, m t, ti cc bn cng, kho bi cha hngth PLC c nhng
vai tr rt ln.
y ch gii thiu n bn c ch yu l cc bn sinh vin tham d cc cuc
thi robocon. y l chng trnh thng xuyn t chc hng nm, vic cho robot t
ng d theo cc vch trng l ti chnh m rt nhiu bn trong cuc tn rt nhiu thi
gian. Sau y ti s a ra mt gii php cc bn tham kho trong qu trnh ng dng
PLC vo lnh vc ny. y l m hnh s sn u:
Hnh 7.1: S sn u v hnh trnh m robot cn phi thc hin

Bng 1: M t hnh trnh lm vic ca Robot
S
4
5
8
9
10
12
13
vch
Bnh
T1
T1
T1
T1
T1
T1
cng
tri
thm 1
Bnh
vch
T2
L2
T2
L2
T2
L2
phi
ch
chy
chy
b
r
chy
r
r phi
lm
thng
thng bng phi thng phi
vic
16
17
23
24
27
28
29
T1
L1
T1
L1
T1
T1
T1
T2
T2
T2
T2
T2
L2
T2
chy
thng
r
tri
chy
thng
r
tri
30
cng
thm
1
vch
chy r
chy b
thng phi thng bng
161

S
31
33
36
vch
Bnh
L1
T1
L1
tri
Bnh
T2
T2
T2
phi
ch
chy
r tri
lm r tri
thng
vic
41
42
43
T1
T1
T1
T2
L2
T2
chy
thng
>43
ngng & b bng
r
chy
phi thng
7.2. ng dng PLC trong h thng sn xut linh hot:

Hin nay, h thng cn bng nh lng c ng dng rt rng ri trong cc
nh my x nghip cng nghip. ni u c s phi trn cc cht theo t l nh trc
(bi ton phi liu) th c s tham gia ca cn bng nh lng, c bit l cc nh
my ch bin vt liu xy dng, nh my phn bn, cao su... H thng ny c kh nng
iu chnh t ng c tng cht ng vi t l t trc da trn c s cc vng lp
iu chnh v d PI, PID.
t vn :
Lm th no phi
liu theo gi tr t trc
ca 3 cht clanhke, thch
cao, ph gia tng ng
l 70%, 20%,10%
nghin xi thnh xi mng.
Trong tng khi
lng cn phi vo
my nghin l A tn/h.
Ngoi ra, h thng lm
vic cn ph thuc vo
cn liu hi v u vo
ca my nghin (sau khi
ra khi my nghin
nhng ht c khi lng
ln c hi v nh
phn ly ng) v in
Hnh 7.2: S cng ngh ca h thng phi liu
y ca my nghin. C
ngha l lc no h thng lm vic cng phi m bo c yu t u tin l in
dy ca my nghin 80%. Nu lng liu t h thng phi liu a n cng vi liu
hi v lm cho in y ca my nghin vt mc 80%B tn/h th h s t ng
162
gim lng liu cung cp n nhng vn m bo c t l phn trm ca bi ton

phi liu mc d khi lng xut khng t A tn/h, ngoi ra vng lp iu chnh cn
phi nhn bit c s thay i tham s ca Clanhke kp thi iu chnh ph gia v
thch cao. S thay i thng s trn thch cao v ph gia l hm bc nht vi bin l
clanhke. Nh vy mi bng ti c mt vng lp iu chnh PI vi thng s phn hi l
tn hiu tng hp t hai tn hiu ca loadcell v encoder, u ra l gi tr setpoint xung
bin tn theo ng USS. Ngoi ra h thng cn lm vic c ch Manual, trong
ch ny h thng khng quan tm n lng liu hi v v in y ca my
nghin. Nh vy h thng lm vic 3 ch : MN80%B; MN>80%B;
Manual. gi s 80% lng liu trong my nghin l 270 tn. C th m t s khi
iu khin h thng nh sau:
PID_0
PV
CV SP
270 B
Clanhke
MM4
Bng ti
chun
ho
B t
hp
chuyn
mch
Cn liu
hi v
in
y ca
MN
PID_1
PV
CV SP
Thch cao
MM4
Bng ti
Bng ti
chun
ho
PID_2
PV
CV SP
Manual
Ph gia
MM4
chun
ho
Hnh 7.3: S m t h thng iu khin CBL cho h thng nghin xi mng

ng nhin l h thng phi qun l trong gii hn nht nh, nu mt trong 3 bng
ti gp s c v d lng liu vt mc ngng c t ti u cn bng, lc dng
a v vt mc 20mA th h thng s dng lm vic thng qua chng trnh con x
l s c. Hoc bt c 1 bng chuyn no cng c gim st trt ai, nu xy ra th
chng trnh x l s c cng s c gi.
Yu cu phn cng ca h thng:
+ 1 PLC_CPU 226
+ 2 EM235 Module
+ 3 Bin tn MM3 hoc MM4 (iu chnh tc 3 bng ti)
163
+ 4 Load cell (ly tn hiu v u cn)

+ 4 u cn (chun ho tn hiu v t 420 mA; ci t gi tr gii hn trn)
+ 1 Sound Sensor
+ B cp ng trc ni t RS-485 Port n PLC
+ 3 Encoder
S u ni h thng nh hnh 2.
Qa trnh tnh ton, chun ho, setpoint cho tng vng lp c thc hin nh sau:
Bi ton t ra l lm th no tn hiu phn hi v c chuyn sang n v tn/h
so snh vi gi tr setpoint.
Tnh ti trng Q:
q.L
2
Vi: Q: Ti trng im [Kg]
q: Ti trng trn bng ti [Kg/m]
L:
Chiu di tnh ton [m]
Cng thc tnh trng lng P trn bng ti
theo thi gian :
Hnh 7.4: Mt ct dc ca bng
2.Q
P = q.V =
.V (*)
L
Vi: P: Trng lng bng ti theo thi gian [Kg/s]
V: Vn tc di ca bng ti [m/s]
Theo (*), tnh q bng cch tnh Q v L bit trc. chun ho q t [01]ta chia q
cho qmax ; tnh qmax ta da vo Pmax l gi tr t tng ng vi % ca mi cht v
Vmax ca bng ti (da vo tc nh mc ca ng c).
Nh vy, tn hiu phn hi v chnh l P [tn/h]. Cn phi tm vn tc V [m/h] v ti
trng trn bng ti q [tn/m].
Xy dng cng thc tnh ton tc ca bng ti nh vo Encoder:
Gi s chn thi gian tnh ton l 250ms tng ng vi s xung tnh c l x xung
Nu ta chn loi encoder c thng s 500xung/vng th sau x xung:
x
2x
Bnh xe encoder quay c:
(vng) tng ng vi gc quay
(rad).
500
500
2x
Sau 1ms bnh xe encoder quay c:
(rad).
Q=
250.500
Nh vy vn tc gc ca bnh xe l:
1 2x rad
.
= 1000.
(
)
250 500
s
Vn tc di ca bnh xe bng vn tc di ca bng ti:
m
d
1 2x d
Ved = . = 1000.
.
.
( ) = Vbt
2
250 500 2
s
164
d: ng knh ca bnh xe: chn d = 0,1 [m]; L=0.5 [m]

m
1000.2x.d
Vbt = Ved = 3600.
= 18,086 x ( )
250.500
h
Chun ho v gi tr t [01] tin hnh chia cho Vmax ; tnh Vmax da vo tc nh
mc ca ng c.
Hnh 7.5: S khi chng trnh iu khin h thng cn bng

165
Chun ho v a v u vo CV (Current Value) ca b PID ca PLC:

[0 q max ] = [0,0 1,0]
q
=
q max
q max
q.Vbt
P
=
= [0,0 1,0][
. 0,0 1,0] = [0,0 1,0]
Pmax q max .Vmax
Qu trnh thc hin c thc hin theo s khi hnh 7.5.
Cc qu trnh tnh ton ny thc hin trong PLC. tnh Q da vo u vo
analog tng ng, ti y ta phi thc hin cc bc ly mu. i vi b PID ta phi
c chng trnh khai bo cc tham s cn thit ca b PID lin h chng 3. tnh
vn tc V phi s dng b m tc cao... iu khin cc bin tn trong mng dng
giao thc USS protocol nh trnh by phn 7.5.
7.3. ng dng PLC trong iu khin qu trnh:
Di y l s cng ngh ca h thng phi liu, nghin, phn loi v phn phi xi
mng vo trong cc sil. y khng xt n vic iu khin h thng phi liu nh
nu trn phn 7.2. Ch thc hin cng vic tng i n gin:
Chn sil mun nhp vo thng qua cc van sau: chuyn v tr ca van 3 ng v chn
v tr ca van trn mng kh ng 3. Nu chuyn van 3 ng sang bn phi th sil 1
c nhp. Sang v tr gia th sil 1 v sil 2 hoc sil 3, nu van trn mng kh ng
3 ng th sil 2 c nhp, van trng thi m th sil 3 c nhp. Nu van 3 ng
chuyn sang tri th sil 2 hoc sil 3, nu van trn mng kh ng 3 ng th sil 2
c nhp, van trng thi m th sil 3 c nhp. Gi s khi ang nhp cho sil 1
(van 3 ng v tr bn tri) m pht hin y th h thng s t ng chuyn van 3 ng
sang bn phi nhp cho sil 2 hoc 3 (nu 2 y th nhp vo 3 v ngc li).
iu kin khi ng h thng:
166
Hnh 7.6: S cng ngh ca h thng cp liu, nhin, phn loi, phn phi xi mng
Cc sil cha y.
Du thu lc cp cho my nghin p sut.
Cc bng chuyn khng b trt ai.
Sau khi chn sil v kim tra cc iu kin an ton cho vic khi ng, h thng
phi c khi ng theo trnh t nh sau: MK2, MK3 MK1 M van
Qut ht (lc bi) Gu ti Phn ly ng M van du My nghin BTC
BTTG BTCL, BTPG, BTTC.
T yu cu cng nh nh trn ta tin hnh thit k chng trnh nh sau:
1. V gin thi gian hoc vit lu thut ton.
2. Tnh chn PLC v module m rng.
3. Phn cng I/O.
4. Quy nh cc nh gim st li, khi ng hoc dng t xa.
5. Tin hnh dch sang ngn ng ca PLC t gin thi gian hoc vit lu
thut ton.
7.4. ng dng PLC trong mng thu nhn d liu t bin tn:
iu khin bin tn thng qua PLC ngi ta thng dng cc cch sau:
167
1. Dng cc du vo/ra s ca PLC, nhng ch thc hin c nhng chc nng

n gin nh dng, khi ng, o chiu cn vic thay i thi gian khi ng
hc dng, t li tc ...khng th thc hin c ch ny.
2. thay i gi tr setpoint trong iu khin phn hi, mi bin tn mt i 1 u
vo analog v 1 u ra analog . Ngoi ra cn phi dng cc du vo/ra s
iu khin bin tn.
3. iu khin bin tn qua mng Profibus, i vi loi MM3, MM4 ca Siemens
c sn giao din Profibus trn RS458 Port. Nhng i vi nhng ng dng
nh th vic thit k mt mng Profibus s a gi thnh ln cao, do khng
kinh t.
4. Dng Port 0 ca PLC kt ni ti cc Port ca bin tn, 1 PLC c th u
khin ti a 1 mng gm 31 bin tn. Mng ny gi l mng USS. Dng kt ni
l im-im. Ta c th iu khin ton b cc chc nng ca bin tn thng
qua mng ny, ngoi ra cn cn c th gim st c dng in, in p, tc ,
hng quay...da vo cc vng nh m PLC dnh ring cho mi bin tn. Chi
ph cho mng ny l thp v ti u nht cho cc ng dng nh v va.
5. Chun iu khin mng bin tn (giao thc USS)
Sau y l phng php iu khin mng bin tn dng PLC qua giao thc USS:
7.4.1. iu kin s dng giao thc USS:
Th vin lnh ca STEP 7 - Micro/Win cung cp 14 chng trnh con, 3 th tc
ngt v mt tp lnh (gm 8 lnh) h tr cho giao thc USS.
+ Giao thc USS s dng Cng 0 (Port 0) cho truyn thng USS.
S dng lnh USS_INIT la chn Port 0 cho c USS hoc PPI. Sau khi
la chn Port 0 cho truyn thng vi chun USS, khng c s dng Port 0 cho
bt k mc ch no khc.
pht trin cc chng trnh ng dng s dng giao thc USS, nn s dng
CPU 226, CPU 226XM hoc module EM 277 PROFIBUS-DP kt ni n card
PROFIBUS-CP my tnh. Cng truyn thng th hai cc loi CPU ny s cho php
STEP 7 - Micro/Win gim st c ng dng trong khi s dng giao thc USS.
+ Cc lnh USS tc ng n tt c cc bit SM vi truyn thng Freeport qua
Port 0.
+ Cc lnh USS s dng 14 chng trnh con v 3 th tc ngt.
+ Cc gi tr ca cc lnh USS yu cu 400 byte ca min nh V. a ch bt
u c n nh bi ngi s dng v phn cn li dnh cho cc gi tr khc.
+ Vi lnh trong lnh USS yu cu mt b m truyn thng 16 byte. Chng
hn vi mt tham s cho lnh, cn phi cung cp mt a ch bt u trong min nh V
ca b m ny.
+ Khi thc hin cc php tnh, cc lnh USS s dng thanh ghi AC0 n AC3.
Cng c th s dng cc thanh ghi trong chng trnh; tuy nhin, gi tr trong cc
thanh ghi s b thay i bi lnh USS.
168
+
Cc lnh
USS s lm tng b
nh ca chng trnh
ln n 3450 byte.
Tu thuc vo loi
lnh USS m dung
lng ca b nh c
th tng t 2150 byte
n 3450 byte.
+
Cc lnh
USS khng th s
dng trong chng
trnh con.
Hnh 7.7: Kt ni PLC v bin tn theo giao thc USS
* Lu :
thay i phng thc truyn thng ca Port 0 tr li PPI truyn thng vi
STEP 7 - Micro/Win, cn phi s dng lnh USS _ INIT khc n nh li phng
thc cho Port 0.
Cng c th nh li phng thc bng cch chuyn S7-200 sang ch STOP,
vic ny s Reset cc tham s ca Port 0.
7.4.2. Thi gian yu cu cho vic truyn thng vi bin tn:
Truyn thng vi cc MicroMaster (MM) khng ng b vi vng qut ca S7200. S7-200 hon thnh vi vng qut trc khi mt MM hon thnh vic truyn
thng. Cc yu t gip xc nh thi gian yu cu: s MM c trong mng, tc baud,
v thi gian vng qut ca S7-200.
C vi loi yu cu thi gian tr di hn khi s dng cc lnh truy xut thng
s. Thi gian yu cu cho vic truy nhp cc tham s tu thuc loi thit b v tham s
c truy nhp.
Sau khi lnh USS _ INIT n nh Port 0 cho giao thc USS, S7-200 s thc hin
hi vng tt c cc bin tn trong nhng khong thi gian theo di y.
Bng 7.1: Thi gian yu cu cho truyn thng vi MM
Tc
Thi gian hi vng gia cc bin tn
1200
240 ms (max)
2400
130 ms (max)
4800
75 ms (max)
9600
50 ms (max)
19200
35 ms (max)
38400
30 ms (max)
57600
25 ms (max)
115200
25 ms (max)
169
7.4.3. S dng cc lnh USS:

s dng cc lnh trong chng trnh iu khin S7-200, cn phi theo cc
bc sau:
1. a lnh USS _INIT vo trong chng trnh v thc hin lnh ny cho mi
mt vng qut. C th s dng lnh ny thit lp cc gi tr hoc thay i cc thng
s truyn thng.
Khi s dng lnh USS _ INIT s c vi n chng trnh con v th tc ngt
c t ng thm vo trong chng trnh.
2. Ch thc hin mt lnh USS _ INIT trong chng trnh cho mi Drive.
C th a vo nhiu lnh USS_RPM_x hay USS_WPM_x khi c yu cu,
nhng ch mt lnh c lm vic trong mt thi im.
3. Cp pht vng nh V cho th vin lnh bng cch kch chut phi (ly t
menu) trn Program Block trong cy th mc.
4. Ci t cc tham s v a ch v tc c s dng trong chng trnh cho
drive.
5. Dng cp kt ni truyn thng t S7-200 n cc drive.
* Ch :
Cc thit b kt ni vi in th khc nhau c th l nguyn nhn sinh ra dng
in khng mong mun trong cp kt ni. Dng in ny l nguyn nhn dn n cc
li truyn thng hoc lm hng thit b.
Cn phi chc chn rng cc thit b c kt ni vi cp u c cng dng in
nh mc hoc c cch ly ngn nga dng in khng mong mun.
7.4.4. Cc lnh trong giao thc USS:
4.1. Lnh USS- INIT:
Cu trc lnh:
Lnh USS_ INIT c s dng cho php thit lp hoc khng cho php
truyn thng vi cc MM. Trc khi bt k mt lnh USS no khc c s dng, lnh
USS_INIT phi c thc hin trc m khng c xy ra li no. Khi lnh thc
hin xong v bit Done c set ln ngay lp tc trc khi thc hin lnh k tip.
Lnh ny c thc hin mi vng qut khi u vo EN c tc ng.
170
Thc hin lnh USS_INIT ch mt ln cho mi s thay i trng thi truyn

thng. S dng lnh chuyn i dng to mt xung u vo EN. Khi thay i gi tr
ban u cc tham s s thc hin mt lnh USS_ INIT mi.
Gi tr cho u vo Mode la chn giao thc truyn thng: u vo c gi tr
010 s n nh Port 0 dng cho giao thc USS v ch cho php lm vic theo giao thc
ny. Nu u vo c gi tr 000 s n nh Port 0 dng cho giao thc PPI v khng cho
php lm vic theo giao thc USS.
Tc truyn c t cc gi tr: 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400,
57600 v 115200 (baud).
u vo Active dng xc nh a ch ca Drive. Ch h tr s a ch Drive
t 0 n 30.
Cc tham s s dng trong lnh USS_INIT.
Bng 7.2: Kiu d liu v ton hng ca cc u vo/ra trong lnh USS_INIT
u vo/ra
Kiu
liu
Mode
Byte
Baud,Activ
e
Done
Error
Dword
Bool
Byte
Ton hng
VB,IB,QB,MB,SB,SMB,LB,AC,Constant,*VD,*AC,
*LD
VD,ID,QD,MD,SD,SMD,LD,Constant,AC,
*VD,*AC,*LD
I, Q, M, S, SM, T, C, V, L
VB, IB, QB, MB, SB, SMB, LB, AC,*VD,*AC,*LD
Khi lnh USS_INIT kt thc, u ra Done c set ln. u ra Error (kiu byte)
cha kt qu thc hin lnh.
4.2. Lnh USS - CTRL:
Cu trc lnh:
Lnh USS_CTRL c s dng iu khin hot

ng ca bin tn. Lnh ny c a vo b m truyn
thng, t y, lnh c gi ti a ch ca bin tn, nu a
ch c xc nh tham s Active trong lnh USS _
INIT.
171
Ch mt lnh USS _CTRL c n nh cho mi Drive.

- Bit EN phi c set ln mi cho php lnh USS_CTRL thc hin. Lnh
ny lun mc cao (mc cho php).
- RUN (RUN/STOP) cho thy drive l on hoc off. Khi bit RUN mc cao,
MM nhn lnh khi ng tc danh nh v theo chiu chn trc. Drive
lm vic, cc iu kin phi theo ng nh sau:
+ a ch Drive phi c la chn t u vo Active trong lnh USS_INIT.
+ u vo OFF2 v OFF3 phi c set 0.
+ Cc u ra Fault v Inhibit phi l 0.
- Khi u vo RUN l OFF , mt lnh c chuyn n MM iu khin
gim tc ng c xung cho n khi ng c dng.
- u vo OFF2 c s dng cho php iu khin MM dng vi tc
chm.
- u vo OFF3 c s dng cho php iu khin MM dng vi tc
nhanh.
- Bit Resp_R bo nhn phn hi t Drive. Tt c cc hot ng ca MM c
thm d thng tin trng thi. Ti mi thi im, S7-200 nhn mt phn hi t Drive,
bit Resp_R c set ln v tt c cc gi tr tip theo c cp nht.
- Bit F_ACK (Fault Acknowledge) c s dng nhn bit li t Drive.
Cc li ca Drive c xo khi F_ACK chuyn t 0 ln 1.
- Bit Dir (Direction) xc nh hng quay m MM s iu khin.
- u vo Drive (Drive address) l a ch ca MM m lnh USS_ CTRL iu
khin ti. a ch hp l: 0 n 31.
- u vo Type (Drive type) dng la chn kiu MM. i vi th h MM3
(hoc sm hn) u vo Type c t 0; cn i vi MM4 gi tr t l 1.
- Speed-SP (speed setpoint): l tc cn t theo t l phn trm. Cc gi tr
m s lm ng c quay theo chiu ngc li.
Phm vi t: -200% 200%.
- Error: l mt byte li cha kt qu mi nht ca yu cu truyn thng n
Drive.
- Status: l mt word th hin gi tr phn hi t bin tn.
- Speed l tc ng c theo t l phn trm. Phm vi: -200% n 200%.
- D-Dir: cho bit hng quay.
- Inhibit: cho bit tnh trng ca the inhibit bit on the drive (0 - not inhibit, 1inhibit ). xo bit inhibit ny, bit Fault phi tr v off, v cc u vo RUN, OFF2,
OFF3 cng phi tr v off.
- Fault: cho bit tnh trng ca bit li ( 0 - khng c li, 1- li ). Drive s hin
th m li. xo bit Fault, cn phi cha li xy ra li v set bit F_ACK.
172
Bng 7.3: Kiu d liu v ton hng ca cc u vo/ra trong lnh USS _CTRL
u vo/ra
Kiu d liu Ton hng
RUN, OFF2, OFF3,
BOOL
I, Q, M, S, SM, T, C, V, C, L, Power Flow
F_ACK, DIR
Resp_R,
Run_EN,
BOOL
I, Q, M, S, SM, T, C, V, C, L
D_Dir, Inhibit, Fault
VB, IB, QB, MB, SB, SMB, LB, AC, *VD,
Drive, Type
BYTE
*AC, *LD, Constant
Error
BYTE
*AC, *LD
VW, T, C, IW, QW, SW, MW, SMW, LW,
Status
WORD
AC, AQW, *VD, *AC, *LD
VD, ID, QD, MD, SMD, LD, AC, *VD,
Speed_SP
REAL
*AC, *LD, Constant
VD, ID, QD, MD, SMD, LD, AC, *VD,
Speed
REAL
*AC, *LD
4.3. Lnh USS_RPM_x:
Cu trc lnh:
C 3 lnh c cho giao thc USS.

USS_RPM_W: l lnh c mt tham s Word.
USS_RPM_D: l lnh c mt tham s Douple Word.
USS_RPM_R: l lnh c mt tham s thc.
Ch mt lnh c (USS_RPM_x) hoc ghi (USS_WPM_x) c th lm vic ti
mt thi im.
Lnh USS_RPM_x hon thnh vic thc hin lnh khi MM nhn bit cch thc
ca lnh, hoc khi mt li trng thi c thng bo. Vng qut vn tip tc thc hin
trong khi qu trnh ch s phn hi.
- Bit EN phi c set cho php truyn i cc yu cu, v nn gi li
trng thi cho n khi bit Done c set ln - tn hiu hon thnh qu trnh (V d:
173
mt lnh USS_RPM_x truyn n MM mi vng qut khi u vo XMT _REQ l

on). Do , u vo XMT-REQ nn c kch xung khi nhn c sn xung ln
truyn mt yu cu cho mi chuyn tip dng ca u vo EN.
Bng 7.4: Kiu d liu v ton hng ca cc u vo/ra trong lnh USS_RPM_x
u vo/ra
Kiu d liu
Ton h?ng
XMT-REQ
BOOL
I, Q, M, SM, T, C, V, L
Drive
BYTE
*AC, *LD, Constant
Param,
WORD
VW, IW, QW, MW, SW, SMW, LW, T, C,
Index
AC, AIW, *VD, *AC, *LD, Constant
DB-Ptr
DWORD
&VB
Value
WORD
DWORD,REAL VD, ID, QD, MD, SD, SMD, LD, *VD,
*AC
Done
BOOL
I, Q, M, S, SM, T, C, V, L
Error
BYTE
*AC, *LD
-
u vo Drive l a ch ca MM m lnh USS_RPM_x c chuyn ti.

a ch hp l l 0 n 31.
- Param l s tham s (l gi tr cn c t MM).
- Index l con tr ch vo gi tr c.
- Value l gi tr ca thng s phn hi.
- u vo DB_Ptr c cung cp bi a ch ca b m 16 byte. Trong lnh
USS _RPM_x, b m ny dng cha kt qu ca lnh a n t MM.
Khi lnh USS_RPM_x hon tt, u ra Done c set ln v u ra Error
(kiu byte) v u ra Value cha cc kt qu ca vic thc hin lnh. u ra Error v
Value s khng hp l cho n khi u ra Done c set ln.
4.4. Lnh USS _WPM _x:
Cu trc lnh:
174
C 3 lnh ghi cho giao thc USS:

USS_WPM_W: l lnh ghi mt tham s Word.
USS_WPM_D: l lnh ghi mt tham s Double Word.
USS _WPM_R: l lnh ghi mt tham s thc.
Ch mt lnh c (USS_WPM _x) hoc ghi (USS_WPM_x) c th lm vic ti
mt thi im.
Lnh USS_WPM_x hon thnh vic thc hin lnh khi MM nhn bit cch thc
ca lnh, hoc khi mt li trng thi c thng bo.Vng qut vn tip tc thc hin
trong khi qu trnh ch s phn hi.
- Bit EN phi c set cho php truyn i cc yu cu, v nn gi li trng
thi cho n khi bit Done c set ln - tn hiu hon thnh qu trnh ( V
d: mt lnh USS-WPM-x truyn n MM mi vng qut khi u vo
XMT_REQ l on). Do , u vo XMT-REQ nn c kch xung khi nhn
c sn xung ln truyn mt yu cu cho mi chuyn tip dng ca
u vo EN.
- u vo Drive l a ch ca MM m lnh USS_WPM_x c chuyn ti.
a ch hp l l 0 n 31.
- Param l s tham s.
- Index l bin ch vo gi tr c.
- Value l gi tr ca thng s cn ghi n b nh RAM trong bin tn. i vi
MM3 cng c th ghi gi tr ny vo EEPROM, bng cch ci t tham s
P971.
- u vo DB-Ptr c cung cp bi a ch ca b m 16 byte. Trong lnh
USS _WPM_x, b m ny dng cha kt qu ca lnh a n t MM.
Khi lnh USS_WPM_x hon tt, u ra Done c set ln v u ra Error
(kiu byte) cha cc kt qu ca vic thc hin lnh.
Khi u vo EEPROM c set ln, lnh s ghi vo c b nh RAM v
EEPROM ca bin tn. Khi u vo EEPROM khng c set th lnh ny s ch ghi
175
vo b nh RAM v MM3 khng h tr chc nng ny, do , cn phi chc chn rng
u vo khng c set lnh ch lm vic vi MM3.
Bng 7.5: Kiu d liu v ton hng ca cc u vo/ra trong lnh USS_WPM_x
u vo/ra
Kiu d liu
Ton hng
XMT-REQ
BOOL
I, Q, M, SM, T, C, V, L
EEPROM
BOOL
I, Q, M, S, SM, T, C, V, L
Drive
BYTE
*AC, *LD, Constant
Param, Index WORD
AC, AIW, *VD, *AC, *LD, Constant
DB-Ptr
DWORD
&VB
Value
WORD
DWORD,REAL VD, ID, QD, MD, SD, SMD, LD, *VD,
*AC
Done
BOOL
I, Q, M, S, SM, T, C, V, L
Error
BYTE
*AC, *LD
7.4.5. Kt ni v ci t MicroMaster Series 3 (MM3):
5.1. Kt ni MM3:
C th s dng cp chun PROFIBUS v cc u ni kt ni S7-200 vi
MicroMaster Series 3.
* Ch :
Cc thit b kt ni vi in th khc nhau c th s l nguyn nhn dn ti vic
pht sinh dng in khng mong mun trong cp kt ni. Dng in ny l nguyn
nhn dn ti cc li truyn thng hoc lm hng thit b.
Cn phi chc chn rng tt c cc thit b c kt ni vo mt cp truyn
thng u c cng dng in nh mc hoc c cch ly ngn nga dng in pht
sinh khng mong mun.
5.2. Ci t MM3:
Trc khi kt ni n S7-200, cn phi chc chn rng c cc thng s ca
MM. S dng cc keypad c sn trn bin tn ci t nh sau:
1. Reset bin tn ci t li (tu chn). Nhn phm P: hin th P000. Nhn
phm mi tn ln hoc xung cho n khi hin th P944. Nhn P nhp thng s:
P944 = 1
2. Cho php truy xut c/ghi tt c cc thng s. Nhn P, nhn phm mi
tn ln hoc xung cho n khi hin th P009. Nhn P nhp:
P009 = 3
176
3. Kim tra li vic ci t thng s ng c cho bin tn. Vic ci t ny

phi theo loi ng c c s dng. Nhn P, nhn phm mi tn ln hoc xung cho
n khi hin th thng s cn ci t. Nhn P nhp:
P081 = Tn s nh mc ca ng c (Hz).
P082 = Tc nh mc ca ng c (RPM).
P083 = Dng in nh mc ca ng c (A).
P084 = in p nh mc ca ng c (V).
P085 = Cng sut nh mc ca ng c (kW/HP).
4. t ch iu khin ti ch hay t xa ( Local/Remove ). Nhn P, nhn phm
mi tn ln hoc xung cho n khi hin th P910. Nhn P nhp:
P910 = 1 ( Remove )
5. nh gi tr tc Baud cho chun RS-485. Nhn P, nhn phm mi tn ln
hoc xung cho n khi hin th P092. Nhn P nhp, nhn phm mi tn hin th
ng gi tr tc Baud cho chun RS-485:
P092 3
( 1200 baud )
4
( 2400 baud )
5
( 4800 baud )
6
( 9600 baud - chun )
7
( 19200 baud )
6. Nhp a ch Slave. Mi drive (ti a 31) c th vn hnh qua mt bus.
Nhn P, nhn phm mi tn ln hoc xung cho n khi hin th P091. Nhn P nhp.
Nhn phm mi tn hin th a ch mong mun, nhn P nhp:
P091 = 0 31
7. nh thi gian tng tc (tu chn). Vi thi gian t ny tc ng c s
tng dn cho n khi t max. Nhn P, nhn phm mi tn ln hoc xung cho n khi
hin th P002. Nhn P nhp:
P002 = 0 650.00
8. nh thi gian gim tc (tu chn). Sau khong thi gian ny ng c s
gim n tc cho n khi dng. Nhn P, nhn phm mi tn ln hoc xung cho n
khi hin th P003. Nhn P nhp:
P003 = 0 650.00
9. Serial Link Time-out. y l khong thi gian ln nht cho php gia hai
ln truy nhp d liu.
Thi gian ny c tnh sau khi mt d liu c nhn. Nu mt d liu ca
bc in khng c nhn, bin tn s ngt v hin th m li F008. t gi tr 0
ngng vic iu khin.
Nhn P, nhn phm mi tn ln hoc xung cho n khi hin th P093. Nhn P
nhp. Nhn phm mi tn nhp gi tr mong mun:
P093 = 0 ( 240 (thi gian c tnh bng giy)
177
10. Serial Link Nominal System Setpoint. Gi tr ny c th thay i, nhng

phi tng ng 50Hz hoc 60Hz, c nh ngha tng ng vi gi 100% gi tr cho
PV hoc SP. Nhn P, nhn phm mi tn ln hoc xung cho n khi hin th P094.
Nhn P nhp. Nhn cc phm mi tn chn gi tr mong mun:
P094 = 0 400.00
11. Tng thch USS (tu chn). Nhn P, nhn phm mi tn ln hoc xung
cho n khi hin th P095. Nhn P nhp:
P095 = 0 phn gii 0,1Hz
phn gii 0,01Hz
12. EEPROM iu khin (tu chn). Nhn P, nhn phm mi tn ln hoc
xung cho n khi hin th P971. Nhn P nhp:
P971 = 0: Thay i cc thng s ci t (bao gm c P971) b mt khi
mt ngun.
1: Tham s ci t c lu li trong sut thi gian mt ngun.
13: Hin th vn hnh. Nhn P thot.
7.4.6. Kt ni v ci t MicroMaster Series 4 (MM4):
1) Kt ni MM4:
kt ni vi MM4, ta s dng cp RS-485 (ni trc tip S7-200 vi MM4).
Ngoi ra, cn c th dng cp chun PROFIBUS v cc u ni kt ni.
* Ch :
Cc thit b kt ni vi in th khc nhau c th s l nguyn nhn dn ti vic
pht sinh dng in khng mong mun chy trong cp kt ni. Dng in ny l
nguyn nhn dn ti cc li truyn thng hoc lm hng thit b.
Cn phi chc chn rng tt c cc thit b c kt ni vo mt cp truyn
thng u c cng dng in nh mc hoc c cch ly ngn nga dng in pht
sinh khng mong mun.
Nu S7-200 l im nt cui trong mng, hoc nu kt ni l im - im
(point-to-point), cn phi s dng u A1 v B1 (khng phi A2 v B2) ca u cm.
2) Ci t MM4:
Trc khi kt ni n S7-200, cn phi chc chn rng c cc thng s ca
MM. S dng cc keypad c sn trn bin tn ci t nh sau:
1. Reset ci t li cho h thng (tu chn):
P0010 = 30
P0970 = 1
Nu b qua bc ny, cc thng s tip theo s c set theo cc gi tr:
USS PZD length:
P2012 Index0 = 2
USS PKW length:
P2013 Index0 = 127
2. Cho php truy nhp c/ghi cc thng s:
P0003 = 3
3. Kim tra ci dt thng s ng c cho bin tn:
178
P0304 = in p ng c (V)
P0305 = dng in ng c (A)
P0307 = cng sut ng c (W)
P0310 = tn s ng c (Hz)
P0311 = tc ng c (RPM)
Cc thng s ci t ny c th thay i tu thuc vo loi ng c c s
dng.
Trc khi ci t cc thng s P0304, P0305, P0307, P0310, P0311, cn thit
phi set thng s P0010 ln 1 trc. Sau khi kt thc vic ci t, t thng s P0010
v 0. Cc thng s P0304, P0305, P0307, P0310, P0311 ch c th thay i trong ch
quick commissioning.
4. nh ch iu khin t xa hay ti ch (Local/Remove):
P0700 Index0 = 5
5. t la chn tn s setpoint cho USS cng COM
P1000 Index0 = 5
6. nh thi gian tng tc (tu chn), l thi gian ng c tng tc n tc
max:
P1120 = 0 650,00 (s).
7. nh thi gian gim tc (tu chn), l thi gian ng c gim dn tc
cho n khi dng:
P1121 = 0 650,00 (s).
8. t tn s tham chiu:
P2000 = 1 n 650 Hz
9. Tiu chun ho USS:
P2009 Index0 = 0
10. t gi tr tc baud cho chun RS-485:
P2010 Index0 = 4 (2400 baud)
5 (4800 baud)
6 (9600 baud)
7 (19200 baud)
8 (38400 baud)
9 (57600 baud)
10 (115200 baud)
11. Nhp a ch Slave:
P2011 Index0 = 0 n 31
12. t thi gian trng gia hai bc in, y l khong thi gian cho php
gia hai ln truy nhp d liu bc in. N c s dng ct bin tn trong khong
thi gian xy ra li truyn thng. Thi gian ny tnh t lc sau khi mt d liu hp l
ca bc in c nhn. Nu c mt d liu khng c nhn, bin tn s ngt v hin
th m li F0070. t gi tr 0 ngng iu khin.
179
P2014 Index0 = 0 n 65,535 ms

13. Chuyn d liu t RAM n EEPROM:
P0971 = 1 (bt u chuyn).
Lu ci t s thay i cc thng s vo EEPROM.
7.4.7. Chng trnh t PLC iu khin v thu thp cc thng s t mng bin tn:
Network 1: Chng trnh ci t tham s v truyn thng vi bin tn Clanhke.
// 1_chn USS Protocol
// 9600_Tc truyn gia PLC v
bin tn
// 16#00000001_a ch ca bin tn
// MB3_Cha kt qu ca vic thc
hin lnh (xem bng m li)
// M0.3_bit bo trng thi lm vic
ca lnh USS_INIT
180
Network 2: Chng trnh iu khin bin tn.

// V500.0_Khi ng hoc dng ng
c.
// V500.1=1 _Dng ng c vi thi
gian lu hn trng hp OFF3.
//F_ACKN Li ca bin tn s c
xo khi tn hiu a n t chn ny
tch cc.
//SM0.0_lun bng 0 c ngha l ng
c lun quay thun.
//Drive = 0, a ch ca bin tn trong
mng.
//Type = 0, kiu bin tn l MM3,
nu bng 1 th tng ng vi MM4.
// VD88_gi tr setpoint tc ca
ng c (nm trong gii hn t 200%+200%)
//V501.1_bo nhn c tn
hiu phn hi (ch set ln trong 1
vng qut sau cc gi tr tip theo
s c cp nht).
//VB617_bo kt qu mi nht ca
vic truyn thng ti Drive.
//VW618_thanh ghi trng thi (c hai
loi tng ng cho MM3, MM4).
//MD620_cha gi tr thc ca tc
ng c(-200%+200%).
//V601.4_bo trng thi lm vic hin
ti ca ng c (0-Stop, 1-Run).
//V601.5 cho bit hng quay.
Network 3:
//DB_Ptr_dnh b m
16 byte cho vic ghi cc
d liu t PLC n bin
tn, ghi c gi tr ti
y ta phi dng bin con
tr &VB630.
//Param=009_cho php
c/ghi tt c cc gi tr
t bin tn.
181
Chng trnh cng c tin hnh tng t i vi n bin tn trong mng USS, vi
n = (0 31), t cc b m, t kp, t n, byte v bit trng thi chng ta c th dng
cc phn mm khc nh VisualBasic, Delphi... thit k giao din, to lp c s d
liu, nht k, cnh bo c th hnh thnh mng SCADA mini iu khin v gim
st h thng. Ngoi mng bin tn dng PLC iu khin, chng ta cng c th tch
hp mng bao gm nhiu PLC v bin tn c s iu khin v gim st t PC. lm
iu ny rt kh khn nu nh khng c s h tr ca gi phn mm Microcomputing
ca Siemens. Phn mm ny khi c ci t, n s c cc tool, file .ocx, .dll rt hu
ch cho vic nh ngha ng truyn, qut v cp nht theo s kin, to lp giao din,
truy xut d liu t PLC...Phn mm ny ch h tr cho VisualBasic.
7.5. ng dng PLC trong h thng iu khin gim st:
Cc bc tin hnh thit lp h thng iu khin v gim st t PC:
+ Cp trng:
1. Thit k phn cng da vo yu cu ca qu trnh cng ngh.
2. Thut ton iu khin cho mi trm trong mng.
3. Quy nh a ch ca trm, giao thc truyn thng, thut ton truyn thng gia
cc trm trong mng, quy nh trm master/slave nu l trong mng PPI; cc
trm l ngang cp nu l mng Freeport (giao thc ny gi l iu khin cng t
do_mi trm u l trm ch v cng u l trm t). y l vic rt cn thit
trong qu trnh tch hp mng.
4. Lp bng quy nh cc a ch, m hiu, li... cn thit cho vic truyn thng.
5. Vit chng trnh iu khin tng ng cho tng trm.
+ Cp iu khin v gim st:
1. Ci t cc phn mm h tr nh: Prodave, microcomputing...
2. Thit kt giao din HMI trn cc mm VisualBiasic, Delphi...
3. Lp trnh hng i tng tng ng vi tng thit b trn s cng ngh kt
hp vi bng quy nh c tin hnh bc 4.
4. Thit lp c s d liu, nht k vn hnh, cnh bo, bo co, v th, truy xut
n my in nu cn thit.
5. Kim tra ton b v tin hnh th tc kt ni.
182
Chng 8: La chn TB, kim tra v bo tr HT
CHNG 8
LA CHN, LP T, KIM TRA V BO TR H THNG
8.1. Xem xt s kh thi:
Kho st h thng:
ti liu ny cp ti PLC ca mt s hng cng nghip ln trn
th gii c bit l h CPU S7-200 ca Siemens. c im ca loi
PLC ny l b nh chng trnh v d liu b, kh nng tnh ton, x
l vi tc khng cao, h tr cc ngt (thi gian, vo ra, truyn
thng) t. S module m rng ti a ch c 7 module, s u vo/ra
tng cng xem bng chi tit trch t catalogue ca hng.
S7-200 gm c series c v series mi:
Series c 21x bao gm cc loi sau: CPU 210, 212, 214, 215-2DP, 216 loi ny
hin nay khng cn c sn xut na, ch sn xut theo n t hng ca mt s nh
my phc v cho mc ch thay th.
Series mi 22x bao gm cc loi sau: CPU 221, 222, 224, 224XP, 226, 226XM
hin ti hng ang sn xut loi ny. Do trong ti liu ny ch yu cp n cc
loi CPU Series 22x.
Bng 8.1: Quy nh ngun dng cung cp cho cc module
183
Bng 8.2: Cu hnh I/O max ca S7-200 series CPU 22x
T bng cu hnh trn cho thy CPU S7-200 ch thch hp cho nhng ng dng
nh v va. Da vo quy m ca h thng, nu h thng sn xut theo dy chuyn th
c th phn dy chuyn ra lm nhiu cm da trn c im cng ngh. Sao cho mi
184
cm lm vic tng i c lp nhau, khong cch dy ni n cm bin v c cu

chp hnh khng vt qu chiu di quy nh tng ng vi tng loi, s I/O hp l
nm trong khong m cc loi PLC nh cho php.
8.2. Trnh t thit k h thng PLC:
Trnh t thit k h thng thc hin qua cc bc sau:
1. T mi cm c chia trong phn xem xt s kh thi ca h thng tin hnh
phn tch chi tit quy trnh cng ngh, h truyn ng v trang b in. M t chi
tit s lin ng gia cc phn t ca h thng trn c s thnh lp gin thi
gian hay lu thut ton c bit phi ch n cc li c th xy ra trong qu
trnh my ang hot ng bnh thng.
2. Tnh chn thit b cm bin v c cu chp hnh:
Nu u vo ch c chc nng logic 0&1 th tnh chn cho u vo s.
Nu c chc nng phn tch tn hiu phc v cho vic gim st (nhit ,
m, mc, lu lng, khi lng, lc tc dng) hoc iu khin c phn hi
th phi tnh chn cho u vo analog.
Nu iu chnh ng c theo phng php PID loop th phi tnh chn cho u
ra analog.
C cu chp hnh l Piton thu lc hay kh nn th phi tnh chn van thu hoc
kh tng ng. iu khin cc van ny phi tnh chn cho u ra s, ngoi
tr cc van tit lu hoc van phn trm iu khin thng qua ng c th c th
tnh chn bin tn hoc b iu chnh tng ng vi ng c. Ngoi ra c th
dng PID loop iu khin cc van , lc phi tnh chn cho du ra
analog.
C cu chp hnh l ng c phi xem xt c cn thit phi iu khin tc
khng. Nu c th phi tnh chn bin tn, b iu chnh in p nu l ng c
mt chiu hay module iu khin v tr nu l ng c bc. Xem xt c cn
thit phi kt ni bin tn vi PLC khng? Nu ch n thun l vic khi ng
v dng ng c th khng nht thit phi kt ni qua cng truyn thng m ch
cn dng cc u ra s l . Nu cn thit gim st dng in, in p, nhit
hoc t li gi tr tc th phi kt ni bin tn vi PLC thng qua cng
truyn thng theo giao thc ring ca hng. Hin hai giao thc c s dng
thng dng nht i vi bin tn MicroMaster 430, 440 l USS protocol v
Mudbus protocol.
Tnh chn cng tc, nt n trn panel iu khin bng tay.
Ngoi ra cn phi xem xt dng ra ca c cu chp hnh: Ich > 1.5A i vi PLC
loi DC/DC/RLY; Ich > 0.2A i vi loi DC/DC/DC th nht thit phi thng
qua h r le trung gian, Transistor, Tiristor hay Triac.
3. Tnh chn PLC:
Cc ng dng s dng u ra pht xung nhanh th nht thit phi chn PLC u
ra Transistor (loi DC/DC/DC).
185
Nu khng s dng cho cc ng dng c u ra pht xung nhanh th nn chn

PLC loi u ra l rle (loi DC/DC/RLY). V loi ny n gin hn trong vic
giao tip vi c cu chp hnh.
Tnh tng s:
- u vo s
- u ra s
- u vo analog
- u ra analog
Tnh chn module Digital.

Tnh chn muodule analog.
(da vo bng 1)
Xem xt nu s dng cng truyn thng vo nhng mc ch nh iu khin

bin tn, kt ni panel, OPs (Operation), PC hay mng th nn s dng PLC c
hai cng truyn thng PPI nh CPU 2224XP, 226, 226XM.
4. Nu h thng lm vic dy chuyn th phi thit k mng kt ni cc PLC li vi
nhau. Quy trnh thit k v chy mng s nu r hn mn hc mng truyn thng
cng nghip, trong gio trnh ny ch gii hn trn 1 PLC.
8.3. Thit k chng trnh trn PLC:
Trnh t thit k chng trnh ca PLC thc hin theo cc bc sau y:
1. Trn c s gin thi gian hay lu thut ton da theo bi ton cng ngh
phn tch phn 8.2. Tin hnh phn chia a ch vo/ra, thit lp nhng vng nh
phc v cho qu trnh x l d liu. Lit k cc b m, b nh thi cn thit
phi s dng trong chng trnh, cc bit, byte trong vng nh c bit. Lit k
cc chng trnh con, chng trnh x l ngt...
2. Sau tin hnh bin dch t gin thi gian hay lu thut ton sang ngn ng
ca PLC.
3. C th dng cc cng tc v n Led hay dng phn mm PLCsim cho S7-200
chy th chng trnh ch offline. Trn c s xem xt, nh gi mc ti
u ca chng trnh. Chng trnh cn phi c vit ngn gn (nht l cc
chng trnh x l ngt) v tin cy, c bit cn phi c cc chng trnh x l s
c.
8.4. T chc b tr phn cng h thng:
H thng PLC bao gm: Module ngun, module CPU, Module m rng tt c
u c lp trn gi theo chn DIN nh trong hnh v 1 v 2.
Hnh 8.1: Gi lp t PLC theo chun DIN
186
hai mt giao tip vi dy ni ca cm bin v c cu chp hnh, khng gian ti
Hnh 8.2: Khong cch lp t cho php ca PLC trong t in

thu phi 25mm. C th lp t cc Rack theo chiu ng hoc ngang. S rack khng
vt qu hai rack. Khong cch gia hai mt trc v sau t khng c nh hn
75mm. PLC phi t trong khng gian tng i thong, t bi. Trong cc t in
thng phi c qut thng gi.
Hnh 8.3: M hnh ca t in c lp t PLC
187
Hnh 8.4: M hnh ca t in c lp t PLC v bin tn

Trn y l m hnh ca vi t in lm v d chng ta c th tham kho cch b tr
phn cng ca h thng.
8.5. Chy th chng trnh:
y l qu trnh chy tht trn my ch online. Trc khi chy ch ny phi
thc hin cc bc sau:
1. Kim tra mc tip xc dy ni cng nh a ch u vo ca cng tc, nt
nhn, cng tc hnh trnh da vo cc n trng thi trn u vo ca PLC.
Dng ng h o c cc tn hiu tng t.
2. Kim tra dy ni n cc c cu chp hnh ln cui trc khi cho chy th
nghim. Xem xt chc chn u ni ng theo s hay cha. Kim tra in
p trn cc c cu chp hnh xem th t cha.
3. C th vit tng on chng trnh nh kim tra trng thi hot ng ca
tng u ra, nht l i vi cc c cu thu lc v kh nn. Bc ny gi l
bc chy n ng. Thng thc hin cho nhng my mc c cng ngh
tng i phc tp. Cc my n gin c th b qua bc ny. a cc c cu
v tr li trng thi ban u (ng vi quy trnh thit k theo gin thi
gian hay lu thut ton).
4. Np chng trnh vo PLC v chy lin ng ton b h thng. Xem xt, nh
gi mc tin cy ca chng trnh nu cha tt th c th hiu chnh thm
mt vi ln na.
188
8.6. Lp ti liu cho h thng:

Lp ti liu theo cc gi sau:
1. Ti liu chung cho h thng nh: Ti liu v phn cng v phn mm ca PLC,
ng c, bin tn
2. Ti liu lp t: Cc bn v, ti liu hng dn lp t cng nh ti liu v cch
ci t phn mm v chy th nghim h thng.
3. Ti liu vn hnh: Hng dn cc quy trnh vn hnh my.
4. Ti liu bo dng.
189
Bi th nghim
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa

Khoa in
B mn T ng o Lng
BI THC HNH
IU KHIN LOGIC
LU !
Trc khi n PTN yu cu mi Sinh Vin phi thc hin thit k
trc chng trnh nh.
Bin son : Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh
190
Bi th nghim
1. Khi ng ng c bng in tr ph:
Phn a ch vo/ra:
u vo (Input)
Start
I0.0
Stop
I0.1
Circuit Breaker
I0.2
u ra (Output)
Khi ng t
Q0.0
K1
Q0.1
K2
Q0.2
K3
Q0.3
Yu cu:
Khi ng ng c ng khi ng t Sau 3s ng Relay K1
Sau 2s ng Relay K2 Sau 2s ng Relay K3 Stop Dng ng c,
a cc Relay v trng thi ban u.
Nu ng c ang hot ng m xy ra s c ngn mch Dng ngay lp tc.
191
Bi th nghim
2. M hnh iu khin my trn liu:
Phn a ch vo/ra:
u vo (Input)
Start
I0.0
Stop
I0.1
Reset
I0.2
S1
I0.3
S2
I0.4
u ra (Output)
K1
Q0.0
K1
Q0.1
K3
Q0.2
K4
Q0.3
n Run
Q0.4
n Stop
Q0.5
Yu cu:
Khi ng n RUN sng ln; K1, K2 khi ng, liu khc nhau c cung
cp bi hai bng ti S3 tc ng Dng K1, K2; Khi ng K3 bt u trn
Sau 15s Dng K3; Khi ng K4 xut liu ra khi bnh trn S2 xung mc
thp K4 dng; Qa trnh t ng lp li trong 2 ln na v t ng dng h thng;
n (n stop) sng ln v xanh tt i.
Nu ang lm vic bnh thng m gp s c th n Stop dng khn cp h
thng; sau khi khc phc xong, trc khi chy li phi n Reset xo gi tr c trong
thanh ghi tc thi ca b m bt u li t u.
192
Bi th nghim
3. M hnh iu khin n giao thng:
Phn a ch vo/ra:
u vo (Input)
Start
I0.0
Stop
I0.1
u ra (Output)
n Xanh 1
Q0.0
n vng 1
Q0.1
n 1
Q0.2
n Xanh 2
Q0.3
n vng 2
Q0.4
n 2
Q0.5
Yu cu:
iu khin cc n hot ng theo gin thi gian trn.
193
Bi th nghim
4. M hnh iu khin hot ng ca my gp-t:
Phn a ch vo/ra:
u vo (Input)
Start
I0.0
Stop
I0.1
Reset
S1
S2
S3
S4
u ra (Output)
A1
Q0.0
A2
Q0.1
A3
Q0.2
A4
Q0.3
A5
Q0.4
Yu cu:
Cnh tay my thc hin gp vt trn bng chuyn A b sang bng chuyn B.
Trc khi xut pht, v tr ca cnh tay v tr bng chuyn B (S1 tc ng).
n nt Start Cnh tay quay ngc chiu kim ng h S2 tc ng
Dng quay, bng chun A hot ng S3 tc ng Dng bng chuyn A, gp vt
(A5 = 1) S4 tc ng Cnh tay quay cng chiu kim ng h S1 tc ng
Dng Quay, nh vt (A5 = 0; S4 = 0); Sau thc hin lp li hnh trnh nh trn.
Khi c s c bt thng xy ra, n Stop Dng h thng; sau khi khc phc
xong s c n Reset Cnh tay t ng quay v li v tr xut pht ban u v
dng ti y.
194
cng chi tit mn hc iu khin logic
B mn t ng o Lng Khoa in
CNG CHI TIT MN HC

IU KHIN LOGIC
M s :
S n v hc trnh: 04(LT:3.5;TN:0.5)
Ging vin ph trch: ThS. Lm Tng c
ThS. Khng Cng Minh
KS. Nguyn Mnh H
M T MN HC
Mn hc iu khin logic trnh by cc kin thc c bn h thng iu khin logic.
Cc vn c cp n iu khin logic, cc phng php phn tch v thit k h
thng iu khin logic. ng thi gio trnh ny trnh by cc kin thc c bn v b lp
trnh PLC. S dng b lp trnh PLC v nghin cu cc vn c lin quan ti ngt,
truyn thng, x l li.
MC TIU MN HC:
Cung cp cho sinh vin nhng kin thc c bn v chuyn su v h thng iu khin
logic. Sinh vin nm vng cc phng php phn tch v tng hp h thng iu khin
logic v nm bt c cc vn c lin quan n thit b lp PLC.
CHNG 0
L THUYT C S (5 LT)
1.1. Khi nim v logic hai trng thi.
1.2. Cc hm c bn ca i s logic v cc tnh cht c bn ca chng.
1.3.Cc phng php biu din hm logic.
1.4. Cc phng php ti thiu hm logic.
CHNG 1
MCH T HP V MCH TRNH T (7 LT)
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.
2.7.
2.8.
2.9.
M hnh ton hc ca mch t hp.

Phn tch mch t hp.
Tng hp mch t hp.
Gii thiu mt s mch t hp thng gp.
Khi nim v mch trnh t.
Mt s phn t nh trong mch trnh t.
Phng php m t mch trnh t.
Tng hp mch trnh t.
Grafcet.
Ngi bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh
CHNG 2
B IU KHIN LP TRNH PLC (7 LT)
2.1 c im b iu khin lp trnh PLC.
2.2 Khi nim c bn v PLC.
2.2.1 .PC hay PLC.
2.2.2. S so snh vi h thng iu khin khc.
2.3. PLC-Cu trc phn cng.
2.3.1. B x l trung tm.
2.3.2. B nh.
2.3.3. Khi vo/ra.
2.3.4. Thit b lp trnh.
2.4. C bn v lp trnh PLC.
2.4.1 Gii thch chng trnh Ladder.
2.4.2. Ng vo v ng ra.
2.4.3. R le.
2.4.4. Thanh ghi.
2.4.5. B m.
2.4.6. B nh thi.
2.4.7. Tp lnh.
2.5. C ch hot ng v x l tn hiu trn PLC.
PLC loi FXO,FXOS.
PLC loi FXON,FX,FX2C,FX2N.
Tm tt.
Cu hi n tp.
CHNG 3
PHNG PHP LP TRNH PLC (10 LT)
3.1. Ngn ng lp trnh Instruction (STL) v Ladder.
3.2. Cc lnh c bn.
3.3. Lp trnh cho cc tc v c bn trn PLC.
3.3.1. Lp trnh s dng r le ph tr.
3.3.2. Lp trnh s dng thanh ghi.
3.3.3. Lp trnh cho b nh th.
3.3.4. Lp trnh cho b m.
3.4 Cc lnh ng dng.
3.4.1. Nhm lnh v iu khin lu trnh.
3.4.2. Nhm lnh v so snh v dch chuyn.
3.4.3. Nhm lnh v x l s hc v logic.
3.4.4. Nhm lnh quay v dch chuyn chui bit.
Tm tt.
Cu hi n tp.
CHNG 4
NGN NG LP TRNH LADDER (5 LT)
(Phn ny s c nhc li cc chng )
4.1. Thit k chng trnh.
4.1.1. Cc khi chc nng h thng.
4.1.2. V d v mch kho ln.
4.1.3. V d v mch iu khin trnh t.
4.2. Thit k mch logic t hp.
4.2.1. V d mt mch logic t hp.
4.2.2. V d nhiu mch logic t hp.
4.3. Thit k mch iu khin trnh t.
4.3.1. Phng php lp trnh trnh t.
4.3.2. V d iu khin c cu cp phi cho my dp.
4.3.3. Phn nhnh trong iu khin trnh t.
Tm tt.
Cu hi n tp.
CHNG 5
K THUT LP TRNH IU KHIN TRNH T (5 LT)
V d v cc bc th tc tng qut.
5.1. iu khin trnh t dng thanh ghi.
5.1.1. Nguyn l c bn iu khin trnh t dng thanh ghi.
5.1.2. V d v iu khin tay my dng thanh ghi.
5.2. iu khin trnh t dng STEPLADDER.
5.2.1. Hot ng ca mch trnh t STL.
5.2.2. Lnh STL v lp trnh STL.
5.2.3. OR nhnh STL.
5.2.4. AND nhnh STL.
5.2.5. S kt hp cc loi nhnh STL.
5.2.6. S lp li hot ng trnh t.
5.3. V d lp trnh STL iu khin my gp-t.
5.4. ng dng v iu khin trnh t dng lnh ng dng IST.
Tm tt.
Cu hi n tp.
CHNG 6
CC CHC NNG CHUYN DNG TRN PLC (4 LT)
6.1.Mun m rng vo/ra.
6.2.1. Mun nhn cm bin nhit .
6.2.2. Mun nhn cm bin cp nhit in.
6.2.3. Mun chuyn dng m tc cao.
6.2.4. Mun x l tn hiu lin tc.

6.2.5. B iu khin cam lp trnh.
6.2.6. Mun ch iu khin vo/ra xa.
6.2.7. Mun iu khin v tr mt trc.
Tm tt.
Cu hi n tp.
CHNG 7
NHNG NG DNG CA PLC (5 LT)
7.1. ng dng PLC trong lnh vc iu khin robot.
7.2. ng dng PLC trong h thng sn xut linh hot.
7.3. ng dng PLC trong iu khin qu trnh.
7.4. ng dng PLC trong mng thu nhn d liu.
7.5. iu khin trnh t my phn loi bi mu.
7.6. ng dng PLC trong h thng iu khin gim st.
Tm tt.
Cu hi n tp.
CHNG 8
LA CHN, LP T, KIM TRA V BO TR H THNG (5 LT)
9.1. Xem xt s kh thi.
8.2. Trnh t thit k h thng PLC.
8.3. T chc b tr phn cng h thng.
8.4. Chy th chng trnh.
8.5. Lp ti liu cho h thng.
8.6. Bo tr h thng PLC.
Tm tt.
Cu hi n tp.
CC BI TH NGHIM
TI LU THAM KHO
[1] PLC-Step7-200 Nguyn Don Phc & Phan Xun Minh

[3] Allen Bradley Trainning Center, A New View into Control, H Ni,1995
[4] E.P Popov & E.I. Yurevich, Robotics, Mir Publishers - Moscow,1987.
[5] Ian G.Warnock, Progarmmable controllers.-Operation and application, Prentice
all, 1988.
[6] Mitsubishi Electric Training Center, PLC MELSEC, Osaka 1996.
[7] Mitsubishi Electric, FX Series Programmable Controllers - Progamming
Mannual, Osaka, 8/1996.
[8] Philip John Mc Kerrow: Introdution to Robotics, British Library, England,1993.

[9] R.Ackermann, J.Franz, T.Hartmann, A.Hopf, M.Kantel, B.Plagemann,
Programmable Logic Controllers -Advanced Level, Festo Didactic KG,
Esslingen,1987.
[10] Ray Asfaht. Robots And Manufacturing Automation, University of Arkansas,
Fayetteville, 1989.
[11] Richarch C.Dorf, Robert H.Bishop, Modern Con troll System. 7th edition
Addison Wesley,1995.
[12] Richard S.Sandige, Moderr Digital Design, Mc. Graw-Hill,1990.
[13] SIEMENS Traning Center, Simatic S-5 PLC & Simatic S7 PLC, Singapore
1995.
[14] S.Brian Morriss, Automated Manufacturing Systems: Actuators, Controls,
Sensors, and Robotics, Glencoe/Mc Graw-Hill 1995.
FILE : S7-200-e.pdf
FILE : S7-200New.pdf
FILE : S7-21x-e.pdf
FILE : S7-200N-e.pdf
FILE : S7-200N-e.pdf
10
FILE : S7-CP 342-1_e
11
FILE : Communication With SIMATIC
12
FILE : 2h_prime_en.pdf
Trnh by phng php iu khin tun t.
FILE : 2h_feb_1299_komplett.pdf
Trnh by phng php iu khin tun t.
gii thiu 3 phng php v qu trnh iu khin tun
t.
bit
S
n
MOV-B
EN
ENO
IN
OUT
bit
R
n
MOV-B
EN
ENO
IN
OUT
NOP
MOV-B
EN
ENO
IN
bit
P
N
OUT
bit
bit
bit
13
Mc lc
CHNG 0: L THUYT C S
0.1. Khi nim v logic trng thi.....................................................................................1
0.2. Cc hm c bn ca i s logic v cc tnh cht c bn ca chng.........................1
0.2.1. Quan h gia cc h s...............................................................................4
0.2.2. Quan h gia cc bin v hng s..............................................................4
0.2.3. Cc nh l tng t i s thng............................................................4
0.2.4. Cc nh l c th ch c trong i s logic.............................................4
0.2.5. Mt s ng thc tin dng........................................................................4
0.3. Cc phng php biu din hm logic ....................................................................5
0.3.1. Phng php biu din thnh bng...........................................................5
0.3.2. Phng php biu din hnh hc................................................................5
0.3.3. Phng php biu din biu thc i s...................................................6
0.3.4. Phng php biu din bng bng Karnaugh...........................................7
0.4 . Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic......................................................................8
0.4.1. Phng php ti thiu hm logic bng bin i i s.............................8
0.4.2. Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic bng bng Karnaugh...................11
0.4.3. Phng php ti thiu hm logic bng thut ton Quire MC.Cluskey...12
Bi tp...........................................................................................................................14
CHNG 1: MCH T HP V MCH TRNH T

1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
1.7.
M hnh ton hc ca mch t hp....................................................................17

Phn tch mch t hp........................................................................................17
Tng hp mch t hp.......................................................................................18
Mt s mch t hp thng gp trong h thng................................................18
Khi nim v mch trnh t (hay mch dy) _ sequential circuits.....................19
Mt s phn t nh trong mch trnh t............................................................19
Phng php m t mch trnh t......................................................................21
1.7.1. Phng php bng chuyn trng thi.......................................................21
1.7.2. Phng php hnh trng thi...............................................................22
a. hnh Mealy....................................................................................22
b. hnh Moore...................................................................................22
1.7.3. Phng php lu ..................................................................................23
2.8. Tng hp mch trnh t..........................................................................................24
2.9. Grafcet....................................................................................................................25
CHNG 2: B IU KHIN LP TRNH PLC

2.1. c im b iu khin logic kh trnh (PLC).......................................................33
2.2. Cc khi nim c bn v PLC.................................................................................34
2.2.1. PLC hay PC...............................................................................................35
Mc lc
2.2.2. So snh vi h thng iu khin khc.......................................................35

2.3. Cu trc phn cng ca PLC...................................................................................36
2.3.1. n v x l trung tm (CPU Central Procesing Unit).............................36
a) n v x l "mt -bit".......................................................................36
b) n v x l "t - ng".......................................................................36
2.2.3. B nh.......................................................................................................37
2.3.4. Khi vo/ra..................................................................................................37
2.3.5. Thit b lp trnh........................................................................................37
2.3.6. Rle...........................................................................................................37
2.3.7. Modul qun l vic phi ghp...................................................................37
2.3.8. Thanh ghi (Register).................................................................................37
2.3.9. B m (Counter)......................................................................................37
a) Phn loi theo tn hiu u vo...........................................................37
b) Phn loi theo kch thc ca thanh ghi v chc nng ca b m...37
2.3.10. B nh th (timer)...................................................................................38
2.4. Gii thiu mt s nhm PLC ph bin hin nay trn th gii...............................38
2.5. Tng quan v h PLC S7-200 ca hng Siemens...................................................38
2.6. Cu trc phn cng ca S7-200..............................................................................40
2.6.1. Hnh dng bn ngoi.................................................................................40
2.6.2. Giao tip vi thit b ngoi vi....................................................................42
a) Kt ni vi PG....................................................................................42
b) Kt ni vi PC....................................................................................42
c) Giao tip vi mng cng nghip.........................................................46
2.6.3. Giao tip gia sensor v c cu chp hnh...............................................46
2.7. Cu trc b nh S7-200..........................................................................................48
2.7.1. Phn chia b nh.......................................................................................48
2.7.2. Vng nh d liu v i tng v cch truy cp......................................49
2.7.3. M rng cng vo ra.................................................................................52
CHNG 3: NGN NG LP TRNH V NG DNG

3.1.Gii thiu cc ngn ng lp trnh.............................................................................54
3.1.1. nh ngha v LAD...................................................................................54
3.1.2. nh ngha v STL....................................................................................54
3.2.Vng qut (thc hin chng trnh) v cu trc ca mt chng trnh...................55
3.3.Tp lnh S7-200.......................................................................................................56
3.4. C php v cch ng dng SIMATIC struction S7-200.........................................63
3.4.1. Ton hng v gii hn cho php...............................................................63
3.4.2. SIMATIC instructions...............................................................................64
1. SIMATIC Bit Logic Instructions.............................................................64
2. SIMATIC Compare Byte Instructions.....................................................67
3. SIMATIC Timer Instructions...................................................................70
Mc lc
4. SIMATIC Counter Instructions (Count Up, Count Up Down, Count

Down )......................................................................................................75
5. SIMATIC Integer Math Instructions........................................................77
6. SIMATIC Numerical Function Instructions............................................82
7. SIMATIC Move Instructions...................................................................84
8. SIMATIC Table Instructions...................................................................87
9. SIMATIC Logical Operation Instructions...............................................93
10. SIMATIC Stack Logic Instructions.........................................................96
11. SIMATIC Conversion Instructions.........................................................99
12. SIMATIC Clock Instrutions...................................................................105
13. SIMATIC Program Control Instrutions.................................................106
14. SIMATIC Shift and Rotate Register Instrutions....................................112
15. SIMATIC Interupt and Comunication Instrutions.................................119
CHNG 4: NGN NG LP TRNH LADDER

4.1. Thit k chng trnh............................................................................................126
4.1.1. Cc khi chc nng h thng .................................................................126
4.1.2. V d v mch kho ln.......................................................................... 126
4.1.3. V d v mch iu khin trnh t...........................................................126
4.2. Thit k mch logic t hp........................................................................ 126
4.2.1. V d mt mch logic t hp...................................................................126
4.2.2. V d nhiu mch logic t hp................................................................126
4.3. Thit k mch iu khin trnh t........................................................................ 126
4.3.1. Phng php lp trnh trnh t.............................................................. .126
4.3.2. V d iu khin c cu cp phi cho my dp......................................126
4.3.3. Phn nhnh trong iu khin trnh t..................................................... 126
Bi Tp
CHNG 5: K THUT LP TRNH IU KHIN TRNH T

5.1. iu khin trnh t dng thanh ghi.......................................................................127
5.1.1. Nguyn l c bn iu khin trnh t dng thanh ghi.............................127
5.1.2. V d v iu khin tay my dng thanh ghi..........................................127
5.2 Sequence Control Relay (Relay iu khin tun t)..............................................127
5.2.1. Lnh STL v lp trnh SCR.....................................................................127
5.2.2. AND nhnh SCR.....................................................................................128
5.2.3. iu khin phn k.................................................................................129
5.2.4. iu khin hi t.....................................................................................130
5.2.5. S lp li hot ng trnh t....................................................................131
Mc lc
CHNG 6: CC CHC NNG CHUYN DNG TRN PLC S7-200

6.1.
o lng v gim st nhit vi module EM235 nhn cm bin nhit in tr

Pt100.................................................................................................................133
6.2.
o lng v gim st nhit vi module EM235 nhn cm bin truyn tnh nhit
in Pt100...................................................................................................................137
Cch s dng b m tc cao ghi li gi tr analog bng cch chuyn i gi tr
analog sang tn s........................................................................................................141
6.3.
6.4. Cch o mc t u vo analog........................................................................143

6.5. Module iu khin v tr mt trc.....................................................................147
6.6. Cc ng dng truyn thng trn Step 7-200......................................................153
6.6.1. Kt ni PLC vi my in qua cng song trong ch truyn thng
Freeport..................................................................................................153
6.6.2. Truyn thng gia S505 v S7 trong mng qua module giao din trng
MIF.........................................................................................................153
6.6.3. Truyn thng S7-200 ch Freeport s dng modem in thoi
telephone network..................................................................................154
6.6.4. Truyn thng Freeport kt ni mng vi S7-200 CPUs trong trng
hp I/O xa...........................................................................................155
6.6.5. S dng trnh ng dng Hyper Terminal window kt ni gia PC v
PLC........................................................................................................155
6.6.6. Kt ni gia S7-200 vi encoder s dng port truyn thng RS485....156
6.6.7. Truyn thng theo thc Mudbus kt ni cc S7-200 slave..............156
6.6.8. S dng modem Radio kt ni mng S7-200...................................157
6.6.9. S dng TD-200 iu khin v gim st S7-200.............................158
6.6.10. Tch hp mng AS-I vi S7-200...........................................................159
6.6.11. Kt ni S7-300 vi S7-200 theo chun Profibus v vi my LP.........159
6.6.12. Kt ni S7-200 vi mng Ethernet........................................................160
CHNG 7: NHNG NG DNG CA PLC

7.1. ng dng PLC trong lnh vc iu khin robot...................................................161
7.2. ng dng PLC trong h thng sn xut linh hot.................................................162
7.3. ng dng PLC trong iu khin qu trnh............................................................166
7.4. ng dng PLC trong mng thu nhn d liu t bin tn......................................167
7.4.1. iu kin s dng giao thc USS...........................................................168
7.4.2. Thi gian yu cu cho vic truyn thng vi bin tn............................169
7.4.3. S dng cc lnh USS.............................................................................170
7.4.4. Cc lnh trong giao thc USS.................................................................170
7.4.5. Kt ni v ci t MicroMaster Series 3 (MM3)....................................176
7.4.6. Kt ni v ci t MicroMaster Series 4 (MM4)....................................178
7.5. ng dng PLC trong h thng iu khin gim st..............................................180
Mc lc
CHNG 8: LA CHN, LP T, KIM TRA V BO TR H THNG

8.1. Xem xt s kh thi................................................................................................183
8.2. Trnh t thit k h thng PLC..............................................................................185
8.3. Thit k chng trnh trn PLC............................................................................186
8.4. T chc b tr phn cng h thng.......................................................................186
8.5. Chy th chng trnh..........................................................................................188
8.6. Lp ti liu cho h thng.......................................................................................189
CC BI TH NGHIM......................................................................................................190
TI LU THAM KHO
[3] T ng ho vi PLC & Inverter ca Omron_Nguyn Tn Phc, Nguyn
Thanh Giang_Nh xut bn tr.
[4] Allen Bradley Trainning Center, A New View into Control, H Ni,1995
[5] S tay hng dn lp trnh PLC_Nguyn Thu Thin, Mai Xun V_Nh xut
bn tr.
[6] iu khin Logic_PGS.TS Nguyn Trng Thun_Nh xut bn khoa hc k
thut, 2004.
[7] Siemens Training Center on CD.
[8] Siemens Catalog.
[9] Ian G.Warnock, Progarmmable controllers.-Operation and application,
Prentice all, 1988.
[10] Mitsubishi Electric Training Center, PLC MELSEC, Osaka 1996.
[11] Mitsubishi Electric, FX Series Programmable Controllers - Progamming
Mannual, Osaka, 8/1996.
[12]
iu khin Logic v ng dng; PGS.TS Nguyn Trng Thun; Nh
XBKH &KT.
[13] K thut S; PGS.TS Nguyn Hu Phng.

GT Mon Hoc Dieu Khien Logic

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i Hc Nng

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa

Ngi bin son:

Nng, thng 11 nm 2005

CHNG 0: L THUYT C S (3T)

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

` nh l - tnh cht - h s c bn ca i s logic:

* u im ca cch biu din ny l d nhn v t nhm ln .

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

c) Hm ba bin biu din trong khng gian 3 chiu:

d) Hm n bin biu din trong khng gian n chiu

Hm Y tng ng 4 t hp gi tr cc bin ABC = 001, 011, 100, 111

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

0.4.2. Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic bng bng Karnaugh:

Hnh 0.1: M t hot ng ca h thng l si

A tc ng khi t0 < 10oC (u o a)

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

T hp cui cng khng cn kh nng lin kt na, y chnh l cc tch cc

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

1.Tm cc tch cc tiu

2.Tm cc tch cc tiu ti thiu nh 1

Ly nhng ct ch c 1 du x v y l tch quan trng.

Hnh 0.2: M t hot ng ca my in

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

Chng 1: Mch t hp v mch trnh t

CHNG 1: MCH T HP V MCH TRNH T

Vi: y1 =f(x1 ,x2 ,,xn )

Hnh 1.1: M hnh ton hc ca mch t hp

Bng chc nng

Biu thc logic

Hnh 1.2: Bc phn tch mch t hp

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

Chng 1: Mch t hp v mch trnh t

Hnh 1.3: S iu khin bng n Y thng qua 2 cng tc A&B

1.3. Tng hp mch t hp:

biu thc logic

Chng 1: Mch t hp v mch trnh t

B kim tra chn l.

Hnh 1.6: Nguyn l lm vic ca cng AND

thiet lap yeu cau

Hnh 1.8: S relay thi gian

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

Chng 1: Mch t hp v mch trnh t

2.Cc mch lt:

Bng chn Bng kch hnh trng thi Gin xung

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

Chng 1: Mch t hp v mch trnh t

1.7. Phng php m t mch trnh t:

Bin son: Lm Tng c - Nguyn Kim nh

Chng 1: Mch t hp v mch trnh t

1.7.2. Phng php hnh trng thi:

Hnh 1.10: hnh Mealy

Chng 1: Mch t hp v mch trnh t

Bc 1: T cc bng trng thi ta tm ra cc trng thi & gi tr tng ng.

Hnh 1.11: hnh Moore

Chng 1: Mch t hp v mch trnh t

1.8 Grafcet_Cng c m t mch trnh t trong cng nghip: