BO CO KHOA HC TNG KT TI I-173

Nghin cu yu cu k thut khi u ni ngun in phn tn vo li in trung p

ThS. L Vit Cng Phng pht trin HT, Vin Nng lng
Tm tt: ti ny s a ra nhng xut i vi yu cu k thut khi u ni ngun in
phn tn vo li in trung p trong h thng in Vit Nam. Phn u gii thiu tng quan
v cc loi ngun in phn tn chnh hin c trn th gii, mt s c im chnh ca
nhng loi ngun in ny v s xut hin ca chng trong h thng in Vit Nam. Phn
tip theo s trnh by li ch, nh hng v k thut ca ngun in phn tn n h thng
in. Sau , nhng yu cu k thut i vi ngun in phn tn u ni vo li in trung
p ca Vit Nam, cc nc Bc u, Hoa K, Anh v mt s quc gia khc c gii thiu, so
snh v nh gi. ti nghin cu hot ng ca ngun in phn tn ti Vit Nam vi m
hnh c la chn l ngun thy in nh trong li phn phi trung p. Trong , tp
trung vo nghin cu nh hng ca ngun in phn tn n cht lng in p v h
thng bo v ca li in trung p. T cc kt qu nghin cu, ti a ra mt s kin
ngh, xut i vi yu cu k thut khi u ni ngun in phn tn vo li in trung
p.
1. C s v l do thc hin ti
Hin nay ngun in t nng lng ti to u ni vo li trung p (trong ch yu l nh
my thy in nh) ang pht trin nhanh v rng trn phm vi ton quc. Thng t s
32/2010/TT-BCT ca B Cng Thng ban hnh ngy 30 thng 7 nm 2010 v Quy nh h
thng in phn phi cng a ra nhng quy nh k thut vn hnh ngun in trong li
trung p i vi tn s, in p v bo v h thng in. Tuy nhin quy nh ny cha yu
cu xem xt c th n s thay i v nhng nh hng khi u ni ngun in phn tn vo
li in trung p. Trong khi thc t mt s nh my thu in nh vn hnh u ni vo
li trung p ang gy nn nhng nh hng n li in phn phi nh in p trn li
tng cao, thu hp pham vi bo v ca r-le...
Trong nc mt s bi bo, nghin cu khoa hc v lun n tt nghip sau i hc cng
bc u cp n nh hng ca ngun in khi u ni vo li in trung p. Nhng ti
liu ny ch yu tp trung nghin cu tc ng ca ngun in n n nh in p v tn
tht cng sut trn li in khi u ni vo li trung p. Cc nghin cu ny cha phn
tch, nh gi y nhng nh hng khc ca ngun in khi u ni vo li trung p
cng nh cha a ra nhng gii php c tnh cht ton din, lu di.
Trn th gii c nhiu nghin cu v nh hng ca ngun in khi u ni vo li in
phn phi ni chung v li in trung p ni ring. Cc nghin cu ny thng gii quyt
nhng vn ca tng quc gia, tng khu vc hoc d n c th. Nhiu quc gia c
nhng yu cu k thut ring, chi tit i vi ngun in u ni vo li in phn phi theo
tng cp in p (110kV, trung p v h p) hoc quy m cng sut ca ngun in.
Do , cn thit phi c nghin cu hot ng ca ngun in phn tn trong li in trung
p Vit Nam. T c th a ra nhng kin ngh, xut i vi yu cu k thut khi u
ni ngun in phn tn nhm gii quyt v hn ch nh hng ca ngun in ny i vi
li in trung p trn phm vi ton quc, trong hin ti cng nh tng lai.
2. Phng php nghin cu v kt qu t c
Bng phng php m phng m hnh bng phn mm PSS/E (t m hnh thc t l hot
ng ca nhng thy in nh khu vc Tin Yn, Bnh Liu tnh Qung Ninh trong li
trung p) kt hp vi thng k, phn tch ti t c nhng kt qu sau:

a) u ni ngun in phn tn vo li in trung p c th gy qu in p trn li

trong mt s ch vn hnh nu cha lp t thm thit b iu chnh in p trn
li hoc quy nh v gii hn trn in p ca ngun in khi vn hnh qu cao.
in p
KV

Hnh 2.1: Phn b in p nt trn ng trc 35kV khi T Khe Soong pht cng
sut ln nht nm 2010

Hnh 2.2: Phn b in p nt trn ng trc 35kV khi thm mt s T nh pht

cng sut ln nht nm 2015
Thc t vn hnh v qua kt qu tnh ton cho thy, ngun thy in nh ng gp
vai tr ht sc quan trng i vi li in trung p ca khu vc Tin Yn. Khi nh
my thy in Khe Soong vn hnh, tin cy cung cp in cho c khu vc c
nng cao, cht lng in p trn li trung p c ci thin r rt. Tuy nhin, n
thi im nm 2015 khi mt s nh my thy in khc cng i vo vn hnh th
trong ch bnh thng v ch ph ti cc tiu, khi huy ng pht cng sut cao
ca cc nh my thy in trn li trung p ti mt s nt xy ra hin tng qu in
p khin in p vt ngng cho php.
khc phc nh hng ca ngun in phn tn n in p trn li trung p c
bit trong ch ph ti cc tiu ngoi vic yu cu cc nh my in cn phi trang
b h thng iu khin dng kch t mnh cn c th p dng thm mt s gii
php khc. Cc gii php ny c th l gii php tm im m trn li ngun in

phn tn vn hnh c lp, gii php la chn im u ni ti u trn li in trung

p khu vc theo phng php di truyn, gii php lp t thit b FACTS trn li
phn phi (D-FACTS). Nhng quan trng nht cn phi quy nh di in p lm vic
trong ch bnh thng ca ngun in cng nh yu cu cc nh my thy in
nh phi trang b h thng thng tin lin lc, iu khin gim st n v iu ,
vn hnh li in trung p c kh nng a ra nhng thao tc kp thi.
b) Ngun in phn tn u ni vo li in trung p cn c th lm mt tnh chn lc
ca h thng r-le bo v hin c.
Bng 2.1: Dng ngn mch trn xut tuyn 371 TBA 110kV Tin Yn khi c s c ti
nt Tin Yn, m H nm 2015

Nm 3 pha nt Tin Yn

Inm trn Z 371 khi

c ngun T nh
(A)
528,8

Chm t 1 pha nt Tin

Yn

353,3

Nm 3 pha nt m H

458,8

Chm t 1 pha nt m
H

303,4

TT

Loi s c

Kt qu tnh ton cho thy, khi c s c bt k trn xut tuyn 373 v xut tuyn 375
th r-le bo v xut tuyn 371 cng tc ng. Nu h thng bo v xut tuyn 371
vi loi r le v thng s chnh nh c gi nguyn th h thng bo v ny s mt
tnh chn lc khi c nhiu ngun in u ni vo xut tuyn ny. T lm gim
tin cy cung cp in ca li.
c) Ngun in phn tn lm gim vng bo v ca r-le qu dng u xut tuyn ng
dy.
Bng 2.2: Thng s chnh nh r le bo v ng dy 35kV TBA 110kV Tin Yn
S
hiu
my
ct

Thit
b
c
bo v

Loi r le
bo v

T s
TU,TI

2-DL51/50
371

ng
dy
371

2-DL51/50

Tr s chnh nh
Tr s
Tr s t
dng nm
tc ng
I>>>= 15A

300/5Y

I>> =
12,5A
I> = 5A

3-DL51/20

Thi gian ct
& thit b tc
ng

I 900A

0,0sec ct 371

I 750A

1,0sec ct 371

I 300A

1,5sec ct 371

Bng 2.3: Dng ngn mch ti u xut tuyn 371 TBA 110kV Tin Yn khi c s c
ti nt Pc Fe v thy in nh Khe Soong u ni vo li in nm 2010
TT

Inm khi khng c

T Khe Soong
(A)
Ngn mch ba pha
690,1
Loi s c

Chm t mt pha

446,3

Inm khi c T
Khe Soong (A)
620,2

Thay i (A)
tng (+); gim
(-)
-69,9

354,8

-91,6

Bng 2.4: Dng ngn mch ti u xut tuyn 371 TBA 110kV Tin Yn khi c s c
ti nt Pc Fe v mt s thy in nh u ni vo li in nm 2015
TT

Thay i (A)
Inm khi khng c
Inm khi c ngun
tng (+); gim
ngun T nh
T nh(A)
(-)
(A)
Ngn mch ba pha
796,1
568,0
-228,1
Loi s c

Chm t mt pha

490,0

279,4

-210,6

Nh vy, khi thng s chnh nh r-le khng thay i, khi trong ch c ba

ngun thy in pht in trong ch ph ti cc i v c s c ngn mch mt
pha ti nt Pc Fe th r-le bo v s khng tc ng. Vng bo v ca r-le b thu
hp do nhiu nh my thy in u ni vo li in trung p.
3. Kt lun v kin ngh
ti gii thiu quy nh k thut i vi ngun in phn tn khi u ni vo li
in phn phi ca Vit Nam (c trnh by trong thng t 32/2010/TT-BCT) v
mt s quc gia trn th gii. T , ti xem xt nh gi s khc bit gia quy
nh ca Vit Nam v cc nc, nhu cu b sung nhng yu cu mi vo quy nh
hin hnh.
Kt qu tnh ton trong nghin cu ch ra nhng nh hng khi c nhiu ngun
in phn tn u ni vo li in trung p. u ni ngun in phn tn vo li
in trung p c th gy qu in p trn li trong mt s ch vn hnh nu cha
lp t thm thit b iu chnh in p trn li hoc quy nh v gii hn trn in
p ca ngun in khi vn hnh qu cao. Ngun in phn tn thy in nh u ni
vo li in trung p cn c th lm mt tnh chn lc ca h thng r-le bo v hin
c cng nh lm gim vng bo v ca r-le qu dng u xut tuyn ng dy.
T ti a ra mt s xut, kin ngh nh sau:
-

Yu cu v in p: Mt s ngun in phn tn u ni vo li in trung p

nh tua-bin gi hay thy in nh do nhng c tnh k thut nn rt kh duy
tr di in p trong ch lm vic bnh thng trn li in l +10% v -5%
nh quy nh hin nay trong thng t 32/2010/TT-BCT. in p trn li c th
vt qu gi tr gii hn trn trong ch ph ti cc tiu v huy ng ngun
thy in nh pht cao. in p trn li in c th xung di gi tr gii hn
di nu khi ng my pht khng ng b ca tua-bin gi trong ch ph ti
cc i. V vy, xut xem xt p dng di in p trong ch lm vic bnh
thng i vi ngun in u ni vo li in phn phi trung p l +5% v 10%.

Tiu chun v tn s: Hin nay, nhiu nh sn xut my pht in vi c tnh c

th duy tr pht cng sut lin tc trong mt di tn s kh rng. Do xem xt
yu cu nhng ngun in phn tn xy mi u ni vo li in trung p c di
tn s lm vic trong ch bnh thng (pht cng sut lin tc khng c
gim pht) l t 47,5 n 51,5Hz. Vic m rng di tn s ch lm vic bnh
thng s lm tng tin cy cung cp in cho li in phn phi.

Yu cu v h thng bo v: Ngun in phn tn ngoi nhng trang b bo v

cho my pht cn phi trang b h thng bo v ti v tr u ni nh my in vo
li trung p nhm nng cao tin cy ca li in. Ty theo quy m cng sut,
v tr nh my trong h thng in, c tnh ni t ca li in...h thng bo v
ca my pht v nh my cn c: my ct u cc my pht, my ct gia nh
my v li in, thit b t ng kim tra ng b, thit b t ng iu chnh
in p, r-le in p thp, r-le bo v qu p, r-le qu in p im trung tnh,
r-le tn s thp, r-le tn s cao, r-le qu dng v qu dng theo thi gian, r le
bo v qu dng trung tnh, thit b lin ng.

T kt qu nghin cu ca ti, xut mt s hng nghin cu tip theo nh sau:

- Nghin cu gii php iu khin in p trn li phn phi trung p khi c ngun
in phn tn.
- Nghin cu yu cu k thut khi u ni ngun in phn tn vo li in h p.