AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SCHEME (ATS) IMPLEMENTATION WITH RELAYS FOR FAST SUPPLY RESTORATION AT SSU ROHM WAKO, KELANTANPROPOSED FAST SUPPLY RESTORATION AT SSU ROHM WAKO BLE OF CONTENTS Section Description Page 1 Introduction 3 2 Details of Proposed Scheme a 3 Relay Features 12 4 Advantages of Using Relay 14 5 Implementation Process 15 6 Conclusion 15 Appendix a, Example Photographs (Before and After) 16PROPOSED FAST SUPPLY RESTORATION AT SSU ROHM WAKO 1. INTRODUCTION The Simpro’s Automatic Transfer Scheme (ATS) solution is designed around the SEL~ 751A, manufactured by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories USA Inc, (SEL). This relay is economical yet has all the necessary relay elements fo implement ATS, such as voltage inputs. ATS is implemented to ensure that consumers connected to the particular substation experiences minimal supply interruption with a fault upstream from the substation, Simpro Engineering Sdn, Bhd. (Simpro) is offering to retrofit the 11KV incomer protection system with the to enhance the protection and reliability. 2. DETAILS OF PROPOSED SCHEME Consider the following distribution substation single busbar configuration of 2 incomers, 1 bus section and 2 outgoing feeders: (From SSU) (From SSU) Incomer Ho 4 Incomer No 2 fs Secon K Nexraty (CFF Poat Yeematy Chesed omy Open Cased urging Feeder outgoing Feeder 2 Automatic Transfer Scheme (ATS) is implemented so that the consumer of the particular substation experiences continuous supply. This scheme uses the logic where 2 out of 3 combinations of the switchgears ~ Incomer 1, Bus section or Incomer 2 will be on. Incomer breakers are in the close position while the Bus Section breaker is in the open position, If one of the incomers experiences a loss of supply, it will cause the incomer which experiences the loss of supply to open while closing the bus section breaker. This ensures supply to the consumers is uninterrupted,PROPOSED FAST SUPPLY RESTORATION AT SSU ROHM WAKO ‘The ATS logic utilizes the voltage level elements on the to detect loss of supply. Once loss of supply is detected, the incomer circuit breaker status is checked and opened if it was closed. If there was a protection trip, the ATS logic is disabled ‘As an added security check, the SEL patented Loss-of-Potential logic is utilized to ensure that VT failure does not result in an inadvertent operation of ATS. A check on whether the supply voltage on the other incomer is healthy or not is then done, Other checks such as breaker status on bus section and other incomer are also done. ‘After satisfying all the prerequisite conditions, the bus section is closed This would restore supply to all loads with only a very short period of interruption. The whole process can be completed in only few cycles. The actual change over time will depend on the circuit breaker performance and customer requirements. The overall operating time is typically about | second from loss of supply detection to restoration. Protection against faults on the busbar is provided by the OCEF elements on the same SEL-751A relays at the incomers, as is backup protection against feeder protection failure (feeder citeuit breaker trip failure). 2.1 Safety and Interlock The scheme is designed with utmost safety consideration in mind, A manual selector switch is installed to enable/disable ATS manually for maintenance purposes. ATS operation is also bypassed if: 1, The incomer relay sees and trips on a fault, This is because a trip of the relay implies a downstream fault that was not cleared by the downstream protection, ATS operation will not happen in this case. Failure of any of the circuit breakers involved in ATS, The breaker status is checked before open or close commands are sent. If any of the circuit breakers fail to operate, ATS terminates and if required, a message is displayed on the LCD of the relay. ‘The following actions have been incorporated in the scheme: i. Check the status of the incomer circuit breakers fi, Check the status of the bus-section circuit breaker iii, Check the voltage condition of the both feeders iv. Check the position of ATS enable/disable switch, ATS can only operate once all the above conditions are satisfied. ‘The execution of these checks adds only a few milliseconds time overhead to the scheme.PROPOSED FAST SUPPLY RESTORATION AT'SSU ROHM WAKO In cases where ATS could not operate, the system would just behave as it would without ATS being implemented and there would not be any negative consequences. Appropriate signage will be posted on the panels with the relays with information on what indications are expected on the relays for normal operation, after ATS has operated successfully and also failure of ATS to operate due to a circuit breaker failure,PROPOSED FAST 1Y RESTORATION AT SSU (OUMWAKO 22 Detailed Case Studies The operation of ATS is best described by looking at its response to the fault scenarios that are likely to occur. Case 1: Outgoing Feeder Fault Incomer No 4 Incomertlo 2 CO] Faut Curent cao} to bus Section ermaty oper ' root | ‘ung Feeder ugoing Feeder ‘The outgoing feeder fault will cause the OCEF relay at the outgoing feeder and SEL-751A at the incomer to detect the fault © Atthe incomer, the relay will begin to time its IDMT element and trip the incomer if the outgoing feeder OCEF relay does not clear the fault. If this relay times out and trips, then there will be no ATS operation, © At the faulted outgoing feeder, the IDMT OCEF protection detects the fault and begins to time, It will then operate and trip the breaker first if the fault is, sustained, © Clearance of fault is through the outgoing feeder OCEE relay and the incomer is not tripped. * No ATS operation is required in this case.PRovos FASPSUPPLY RUS! Case 2: Busbar Fault Incomer No 4 Incomer No 2 Fout Curent Fost cer Bus Secton : tormay ope out HE] ‘ougoin Feeser OutgongFeeser ‘The busbar fault will cause the at the incomer to detect a fault, The OCEE relays at the outgoing feeders will not detect the fault. Upon inception of the busbar fault: © At the incomer, the IDMT OCEF protection detects the fault and begins to time, It will then operate and trip the breaker * At the outgoing feeder, the IDMT OCEF protection does not detect the fault, © Clearance of fault is through the relay at the incomer, ATS is disabled in the event of the operating on busbar fault.PROPOSED FAST SUPPLY RESTORATION AT: (U ROHIM WAKO. Case 3: Incomer Cable Fault Incomertio 4 Incomer No 2 Wa bus Section lwermaty oe ‘Ouigeng Feeser Outgoing Feeder An incomer (main) cable fault will be detected by the upstream OCEF relays. The upstream OCEF relay will trip and clear the fault first because it is discriminated against the at the incomer. Upon inception of the ineomer cable fault: © At upstream, the OCEF protection detects the fault and begins to time. It should trip the breaker and clear the fault once its timer expires. © Once the upstream relay trips its breaker and disrupts supply, the would detect a loss of supply. © The would then initiate ATS to restore supply to consumers. © The would open its breaker, check that it has opened and close the bus section breaker. This will allow the healthy incomer to feed all the loads.PROPOSED FAST SUPPLY RESTORATION AT SSU ROHM WAKO 2.3. Summary of Case Studies All the scenarios can be summarized in the following table: SCENARIO ACTIONS Case I: Outgoing feeder faulted . Bus section remai . ATS operation not required ‘Outgoing feeder relay will see the fault and open the breaker to isolate the fault when timer expires, ins open and the incomer is not tripped. Case 2: Busbar section faulted > Tncomer relay will detect a fault and then operate and trip the breaker. Outgoing feeder relay will not detect a fault. . ATS logie is disabled for busbar fault, Case 3: Fault at incomer cable Upstream relay will detect a fault and trip to isolate the fault on the cable. ._Incomer relay detects loss of supply and initiates Automatic ‘Transfer Scheme. Opens main incomer breaker then closes the bus section breaker. . Supply is restored to all consumers.FAST SUPPLY RESTORATION AT SSU ROHIM WAKO 2.4 Other Concerns ‘There are some other conditions that may affect the operation of ATS as follow: ¢ When TNB personnel perform scheduled maintenance at the upstream substation, the related upstream feeder will be OFF manually then this will cause the ATS operate due to detection of loss of supply from upstream. Although this will restore the power supply to affected customer by the other incomer, TNB personnel may not expect this will happen. Therefore the ATS switch is required to be set to OFF position if TNB personnel do not want ATS to operate © Due to disturbance in the transmission power system or other unknown reasons, the phase voltage may sag by a small amount in a short time that may cause ATS to operate. However, the ATS has timers to confirm that the measured voltage drop is caused by loss of supply. Hence the voltage sag will not cause ATS to operate, * ATS relies on valid input voltages to make correct decision, The includes loss-of- potential logie that detects one, two, or three blown VT fises. This patented loss-of-potential logic is unique and is universally applicable. = 10-25 2.6 OSED FASTSU Prerequisite ‘The scheme requires the following prerequisites to ensure successful implementation: 1.0 Cireuit Breakers (Oil or Vacuum) Practically all circuit breakers currently used can be retrofitted. 2.0 Current Transformer (CT) ‘The current transformer with ratio of 1A or SA secondary and rating of 1SVA class 5P20 is recommended. 3.0 Voltage Transformer (VT) Voltage is required fo ensure the relay loss of supply funetion performs as desired. A set of 3-phase star-star connected VT Class 0.5 100VA burden with secondary voltage of 110V is recommended. 4.0 Electrical Closing The scheme is only possible if the breaker can be electrically clos Almost all but a few types of VCB currently used have this feature. Return to normal service ATS only operate once until the normalisation by authorized personnel. ‘The process to return the normal supply sources requires manual intervention. ‘This would form part of the process of returning the incomer back into service affer all necessary repairs or maintenance on this incomer have been completed. This will improve the safety to authorized personnel. Appropriate signage on the relay panels would contain information on the correct normalization procedure. -ueROPOSED PAST SUI LY RESTORATION AT'SSU ROH WAKO 3. RELAY FEATURES ‘The relays have been approved for use on the TNB system. Besides providing directional overcurrent and earth fault protection, the relay provides other features such as: 3.1 3.2 3.3 Relay status indication ‘The “EN” LED located at the front of the relay provides indications as to: 1 2, Indicate a healthy auxiliary power supply is available on the power supply module, Indicate relay is healthy, passes all self-diagnostics tests and is functional, If the SEL relay meets the above two criteria then it lights up the EN LED indication at the front of the relay. Continuous Self-supervision ‘The SEL relay continuously monitors itself for internal faults in the relay. The relay runs a variety of self tests to determine the status of the relay. 1e relay would check itself against pre-defined parameters. This test is done automatically and periodically. Alternatively, the user can “force” the relay to check itself by using one of the pushbuttons at the front panel. Once a failure is detected, corrective actions are followed through. The actions taken by relay is as follows: Disable overcurrent elements and trip/close logic. All outputs are de-energised (i.e. inhibit any tripping) The EN front-panel LED is extinguished. ‘The ALARM output contact signals an alarm condition. Generates automatic STATUS reports at the serial port for warnings. Display failure messages on the relay LCD display for failures Minimal Maintenance Requirements There are no moving parts or components within the relay to service, This reduces the time that the relay has to be taken out of service for maintenance, resulting in higher availability. ‘This means that the relay is protecting the feeder for a greater amount of time as compared to the present electromechanical relay. ~i2-PROPOSED FAST SUPPLY RESTORATION ATSSU ROHM WAKO, 3.4 tn 3.6 Reliability - 10 Years Warranty ‘The 10 years warranty manifests SEL’s commitment to quality and reliability, SEL is able to offer this warranty with confidence as the MTBF of SEL relays stands at 300 years at 90% confidence level. Event Reports Detailed event reporting and fault indications contained in the relay provides valuable clues to the protection team in analysing a fault condition quickly and enabling them to re-energise the system quickly. Requires No Proprietary Software No proprietary software is needed to communicate with the relays, ‘HyperTerminal program in Windows OS is sufficient. HyperTerminal allows the user to change the settings in the relay, operate the relay, extract event reports and view instantaneous meter readings. However, SEL now provide a free AcSELerator software to communicate relay with more user-friendly features, BhcPROPOSED FAST SUPPLY RESTORATION AT SSU ROHM WAKO . ADVANTAGES OF USING RELAY ‘The many benefits and advantages of using the relay include: 4.1 Extensive RMS Metering Capabilities The. relay provides accurate metering function, which includes phase voltages and currents, power metering, energy metering, power factor, frequency and station DC voltage. 4.2 Additional Protection Schemes The employs a very powerful patented SELogic Control Equations, which enables the user to develop traditional and customised schemes to suit almost any application 4.3 Six Steps Frequency Elements Six steps of accurate frequency elements for multilevel under- and overfrequency tvip and control. This enables a load shedding scheme to be implemented. 4.4 Phase and sequence under- and over-voltage Phase and sequence under- and overvoltage elements to increase control scheme flexibility. 4.5 Breaker status monitoring The relay offers breaker monitoring capabilities such as recording of number of operations and alarm facilities. aPROPOSED FAST }PLY RESTORATION AT SSU ROWM WAKO 5. IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS ‘The implementation process of Automatic Transfer Scheme (ATS) involves the following: - 5.1 Site investigation & technical audit of PE — to determine extent of work and other pertinent details, 5.2 Design, procurement and organize shutdown, 5.3. Retrofitting works can be broken down into several stages: «Shutdown and Isolation of panels + Removal of relays © Installation of relays * Setting the for ATS Testing + Re-energise lines 54 The retrofitting works involved with this proposal is straightforward. However, some additional works is needed VTs are required by the Additional works include: ¢ Inspection of panels for VT installation © Procurement of Vs © VT installation These additional works are not required if VTs are present at the incoming feeders, 6 CONCLUSION ‘The implementation of the ATS will result in very much faster restoration times and will improve customer supply reliability. The scheme is designed with personnel and equipment safety in mind. Implementation of ATS with will also result in enhanced protection, the relay providing phase and negative sequence overcurrent elements that provide sensitive coverage against phase-to-phase faults, ‘The scheme is fast to implement and will remove the need for major infrastructure work. to increase redundancy in the primary equipment. nis-PROPOSED FAST SUPPLY RESTORATION AT SSU ROM WAKO Appendix a, Example Photographs (Before and After) ee Photo of Incomer 2 (After)I TDiaMAESRNS ON ONEO ObvAA NHOW -4 at ss wos saviad visz-735 oNisn ag [ wsbewnaoarous | waawona | nerwersa ss (S1v) SNSHOS NBISNVEL OILWHOLY azo TaMTGiW BrSrOS HELEN ounounv | siaR i ui _apono ava | canouaay nouanassa | ava | NOSA v ASVHd € 3SVHd e 3SVHd T 3SWHd AMI AMI AXIT AMI N3d0 ATVIWWAON NOILO3S aso79 Su aso70 ATIWWSON ATIWWAON vISZ - 13S -4 vISd - 73S +4 @ GIN aNl SNIWOSNI ATT ONINOONI AIT