1

 ;
;
R* ;

, .

R.
R* .

14.

;
;

,
.
2 + 3 = 5 2 3 = 5 .
,

.
2 + 3 = 1 2 3 = 1 .
, + .
2 3 = 6 ( 2 ) ( 3) = +6 = 6 .
,
-
.
2 ( 3 ) = 6 ( 2 ) 3 = 6 .
;

+ = +

+ ( + ) =

( ) = ( )

+0=

1 =

+ ( ) = 0

( + ) +

1
= 1, 0

0 = 0

( + ) = +

15.

;
;

,
.
= + ( ) .
..: 5 ( 3 ) = 5 + ( +3 ) = 5 + 3 = 2 .
, .
: =

1
= , 0 .

1
1
1 1
..: : 3 = = .
6
2
2 3

.
, ,
.
,
.

, ,
;

...
=



, 1

0 = 1

, = 0

, = 1

1
, 0

16.

+
=

, .

: =

, .

= ( )

, .

( ) =

, .

, .

, .

;
;

10 1 < 10 .

. 0,00000023
2,3 107 .
1700000000 = 1, 7 109 .

,
.
, :

17.

1.
.

-

+

-

-

2. *.

... = 1, 2,3,...
=


+
=

: =

0
=1

= ( )

1
=

0 = 1, 2,3,...

( ) =

* .

18.

:
1 4
1
. 4 + - + 2 + - 5
2 6
3

3 1 4 1
-- +- -+
2 4 5 10

. -225 : ( -5 ) + 4 ( -7 ) + ( 8 - 5 ) : 3

. 4 +

1 4
1
+ 2+ 5 = 4+ 25+
2 6
3
=

= 1+

3 4 2
3 4+ 2
+ = 1+
=
6 6 6
6

6 +1 7
=
6
6
30 + 5 16 2 17
=
20
20

3 1 4 1
+ + =
2 4 5 10

. 225 : ( 5 ) + 4 ( 7 ) + (8 5 ) : 3 = 225 : ( 5 ) + 4 ( 7 ) + 3 : 3 = 45 28 + 1 = 18
:

4
1
+53
12
A=
1 3
4 - + 7
2 8

-3
( -5 )
2
B=
6
144 : -
5
4

19.

4 5 1
4 5 1
4 5 1 16 + 60 1
 
+
+
3
1
12
3
1
12
5
1 12 =
12
A
=
=
=
1
1 14
43

4 1
4

+
7
+
4
+7
8
2 2
8
 1 3
4    7
 2 8

75
75
75
12 = 12 = 12 = 75 2 = 5 .
1
1 + 14 15 12 15 6
+7
2
2
2
3
60
4 ( 3 ) ( 5 )
4 ( 5 )
30
3
1
2
2

2
=
= = .
=
=
B=
144 5 120
12
4
6
5
144 :
144
6
5
6
() () .
2
. -2 .
. .
3
.

3 .

. 2,24 .

10
.
2

. (

10
= 5)
2

:
. 1, 2313542 ...

. 4, 212121 ...

:
. ( - ) = - ( )

. ( + + ) - ( - - ) = 2 ( + )

. ( ) ( )

20.
. .

( ) + = ( ) + = 0 = 0
. ( + + ) ( ) = + + + + =

+ + + + = 2 + 2 = 2 ( + )
:

2 + ( 5 + 2 + 4 ) ( 2 + 3 + 8 )
= 1 = 3 .

2 + ( 5 + 2 + 4 ) ( 2 + 3 + 8 ) = 2 5 + 2 + 4 + 2 3 8
= 2 5 3 + 2 + 2 + 4 8 = ( 2 5 3 ) + ( 2 + 2 ) 4
= 10 + 4 4 = 10 ( 1) + 4 ( 3 ) 4 = 10 12 4 = 6
-6 1. ;

: 2 (3 ) = 6 2 + 3 = 1 . 2 3.
:
. 2-4 2 3

. 43 : 44

. 2-2 3-2

252
52

. (102 )

. 4
3

-2

. 24 23 = 24 + 3 = 21 =

1 1
=
21 2

. 22 32 = ( 2 3 ) = 62 =
2

1
1
=
2
36
6

. 43 : 44 = 43 4 = 41 =
2

1 1
=
41 4

2
. 252 = 25 = 52 = 25
5
5

. (102 ) = 1023 = 106 = 1000000

3

4
.
3

21.

32
9
3
= = 2 =
4
16
4

:
2
3
. 8x yz
64x 3 z 2 3

1
. 2x 2 y 3 3xy 6 xy
6

-2

x2
2y
. 3 3
y x

. ( -3x 2 yz 3 )

-3

1
1
. 2x 2 y3 3xy 6 xy = 2 3 x 2 x x y3 y 6 y = x 4 y10
6
6

8x 2 yz3
8 x2
z3
1
=

3 = x 23 y z 3 2 1 3
y
3 2 3
3
2
64 x
64x z
z
8
=

1 1
1
1 yz
1 1
x y z 2 = y z 2 = 2
8
x
8 x

. ( 3x 2 yz3 ) = ( 3 ) ( x 2 ) y 2 ( z3 ) = 9x 4 y 2 z 6
2

x 2 2y
. 3 3
y x

3
3
2
3
6
9
1 y6 x 9 1
y3 x 3 = ( y ) ( x ) = y x
= 3 4 = y3 x 5
= 2
2
3
4
3
( x 2 ) ( 2y ) x 8y 8 y x 8
x 2y
2

-8

-3

2003 2003 2004

:
:

2004 2004 2003

-5

2003 2003 2004

2004 2004 2003

2003
=

2004

8 + 3

2003
=

2004
5

8 ( 3)

2003

2004

2003
2003 2003 2003

=

=

2004
2004 2004 2004

5 + 5

(x - 2 )

-1

+ x -2 - ( -1 ) + ( -x ) , x = 1 .
x

2003
=
=1.
2004

22.

(x 2)

+ x 2 ( 1) + ( x ) = ( 1 2 ) + ( 1) ( 1) + ( 1) =
x

= ( 3 ) + ( 1) ( 1) + 12 =
1

( 3 )

( 1)

( 1)

+1 =

1 1
1
1
1
1
+
+ 1 = + 1 ( 1) + 1 = + 1 + 1 + 1 = + 3
3
3
3
3 1 1

1 + 9 8
=
3
3

:
. 2 2x 2 = 25

. 3x 32x+3 = 27

1
1
. - x = -
2
2

. x : 5-3 = 56

. 3x 32x + 3 = 27

. 2 2x 2 = 25
2 2x 21 = 25

3x + 2x + 3 = 33

2 2x +1 = 25

x + 2x + 3 = 3

2x + 1 = 5

3x = 0

2x = 4

x=0

x=2
3

. 1 x = 1
2
2
5

1 1
x = :
2 2
1
x =
2

. x : 53 = 56

x = 56 53

53

x = 56 3
2

1
1
x = =
4
2

x = 53 = 125

.
. 4 (10-2 )
3

1
x = 8 109
2
10

. 0, 001x =

1
1010

23.

. 4 (102 )
3

1
x = 8 109
102

. 0, 001x =

1
1010

1
1
x = 10
1000
10

4 106 102 x = 8 109

x=

8 109
4 106 102

1
1
x = 10
3
10
10

x=

8 109
4 108

103 x = 1010

x=

8 109

4 108

x=

x = 2 109 (8) = 2 1017 .

1010
103

x = 1010 (3) = 107 .

1, 5 104 mm ,
8, 5 105 mm 3, 5 10 3 mm .
.

V = 1, 5 10 4 8, 5 105 3,5 103 mm 3

V = 1, 5 8,5 3,5 10 4 105 103 mm 3

V = 44, 625 10 4 + 5 + 3 mm 3
V = 44, 625 1012 mm 3

V = 4, 4625 1013 mm 3 .

:
3
1000
3
A = ( 3 ) 22 + ( 1) + 43 : ( 8 ) + ( 2 ) : 4

A = ( 3 ) 22 + ( 1)

1000

3
2
+ 43 : ( 8 ) + ( 2 ) : 4 = ( 3 ) 2 + (1 8 ) + ( 2 ) : 4

= ( 3 ) 22 + ( 7 ) + ( 2 ) : 4 = 27 4 + ( 7 ) + ( 8 ) : 4 = 27 4 + ( 7 ) 2
3

= 27 4 7 2 = 40.

24.

1. () () () ().
( + ) = +

+ ( ) = 0

0
=0

( )

( ) =

0 = 0

1 = 1

+
=

2. . .

3. :

25.

4. :
12 = ......

13 = ......

( 1)

13 = ......

5.

= ......

( 2 )

( 2 )

= ......

= ......

x = 2 , y = 1 = 1 :

. ( x + y )

. ( 2x y + )

. (3 x )

6. :
. 4 2 3 2

7.

2 3
3 2
. 44 1 : 204 2

1 5 3
15 1 2 0
12

:
1

( 3 )3 ( 2 )4 ( 3 )2 ( 2 )3

.
1
1 1
0
( 2 )
2
( 3 ) 2

8.

:
. 22x 2 x +1 =
. (52 )
3

9.

6
2
. 2
2 3 4

1
23

. ( 3 )

5x + 2

1
x =1
53

= 27

. 42 x 25 = 8

A = ( 2 ) 32 + ( 42 8 ) : ( 3 ) ( 1)

2004

10.

1 6

2
16 128 2.
4

26.

11. .
. 225000000 : 0, 00005

. 0, 000021: 3000000

12. () ().
. 1 1 .
.
.
. .
. .
. .
. 0 .

13.
. ( + )

. ( + )

( + ) .
. +

. ( + )

14. , , :
. ( )

. +

15.

3 3 = 0 , :
.
.
.

16.

. ( )

= ( 3 2 2 ) , = 2 5 = ( 2 3 ) ,
1

17.

2x y + y 2x +
.

18.

0 = 0 .

27.

1
. ;
. ;
. ;
. ;

2
. , ,
;
. ;

1
1
5
4

4
( 2 3 ) : ( 8 )

( 1)

2
4

3 2 2
3
2
4

3
:
. 22x 43x +1 =

1
64

. ( 3 )

4x + 2

= 243