PIPELINE

BY
V.BHANU CHANDER
TIRUPATI,
INDIA

ACTIVITIES

Pi line
Pipe
li :
Transportation of liquids and gases from one
place to another place
place..

Pipe line activity :

Survey
Unloading & stocking of pipes at site
Marking
Trench excavation
Blasting
contd

 Sand bedding
Pipe
Pi lowering
l
i
Laying, joining
Back filling
Sand encasing
Specials
S i l fixing
fi i
contd

 Pedestals, thrust blocks & valve chambers

Hydro testing
Commissioning
i i i
Final measurement
Reconciliation

TYPE OF PIPES

Mild steel (MS)

Glass reinforcement plastic (GRP)

Ductile iron (DI)

( )

Cast iron (CI)

High density poly ethylene (HDPE)

Poly vinyl chloride (PVC)

Contd
Contd

Pre stressed concrete (PSC)

Reinforcement cement concrete (RCC)

Asbestos cement pressure (AC)

Bar wrapped
pp steel cylinder
y
((BWSC))

Galvanized iron (GI)

Low alloy pipe (LA)

PVC pipe

GRP pipe

MS pipe

BWSC pipe

GI pipe

CI pipe

HDPE pipe
i

LA pipe

RCC pipe
i

PSC pipe

DI pipe
i

AC pipe

TRENCH EXCAVATION

Obtain work permit before starting excavation work.

Marking is to be made

Excavate trench up to required level with free working

The side slopes of cutting shall generally have the following

slopes for stability.
slope
1:1
1:2

for excavation in
clay, muram & boulders etc
hard muram

NOTE: Slope not required for soft & hard rock

TRANSPORTATION
OF
MATERIAL TO SITE

Pipes shall be transported to the site of laying and stacked

along the route

Padding shall be placed between coated pipes and timber to

avoid damage to the coating

Suitable gap during pipe stacking should be left at proper

intervals to permit access from one side to the other

Unloading & stocking of material :

Each pipe & special should be properly stacked at
site in such a manner so as not to distort their circularity or
cause any damage to their outer coating.

PIPE HANDLING

manual pipe handling :

B f
Before
h dli the
handling
th pipe,
i
work men should wear
helmet and gloves
1.

Ropes
p used to lift the material must be in ggood condition,,
and it should not be let over sharp edges

2.

Ensure that the persons are moved away from the pit while
placing the pipe (if it is heavy)

3.

while handling materials in the wet season, ensure that the

materials are free from slush as it may cause slipping.

Pipe handling by machinery

Slings should be in good condition and free from defects,

Ensure proper clamping of slings, these are provided on

same direction on free length
g

Ensure pproper
p visibilityy for the crane.

C.I & D.I PIPES

LOWERING, LAYING &JOINING

 Pipes should be lowered slowly in to the trench by means of

chain ppulleyy block and tripod
p stand or cranes or with the
help of ropes.
Rubber gaskets shall be inserted into the groove in the
socket. Spigot end shall be lubricated with good quality of
grease or oil, then the spigot shall be slipped into socket by
means of jack on the other end.
end
p g ends of all ppipes
p shall face upp stream irrespective
p
of
Spigot
the direction of water flow.

GRP PIPES
LOWERING, LAYING
AND
JOINING

Lowering and laying :

Pipe
Pi shall
h ll be
b laid
l id in
i dry
d condition
diti andd under
d no circumstances
i
t
they shall rest on sludgy bedding. Pipes shall rest continuously
on the bottom of the trench.

Clearance of approximately 100mm in depth and width equal

to length
l
h off the
h collar
ll plus
l 30mm
30
on both
b h sides
id shall
h ll be
b
provided at the joint which shall be refilled from sides after the
jjoint is made.

The pipe should be lowered in to the trenches either by pulley

or by means of two ropes. For road crossing or river crossing
the pipe shall laid 2.0mtr. Below the bed level. The pipe
should be encased with 300mm thick sand.

Joining :
1. Spigot and socket and socket joint with double water tight
rubber
bb
ring
i gasket
k t packing
ki
p g jjoint with water tight
g rubber ringg
2. Double socket coupling
gasket packing
3. Flanged joint is used for connecting the valves, the flanged
joint is made from the same materials as the pipe
4. End pipes should not kept open, the ends shall be covered up
either by suitable cap or plug or double layer of gunny bags.

GRP joint with Spigot & socket end

M.S PIPES
LOWERING, LAYING, JOINING &
PAINTING

Before Laying, M.S pipes should be coated with cement or

Painting
1.

surface cleaning :
The pipe should be cleaned before painting with special
epoxy thinner. This avoids oil, Greece marks on the pipe.
Due to these marks the paint wasn't sticking. Inside dust can
be removed by using compressed air.
air

2.

primary coating
After surface cleaning, first primer coating is necessary. For
this purpose zinc phosphate primer is combined with
activator in 6:1 ratio. Zinc phosphate primer is component a
& activator
i
i component b,
is
b so
primer = component a + component

3.

Out side coating :

After primary coating, out side of pipe painted with
epoxy coall tar which
hi h is
i combined
bi d with
i h activator
i
i 4:1
in
41
ratio.

4.

Inside :
Foodd grade
d epoxy usedd for
f inside
i id painting
i i
resists
i
corrosion, this is the combination of resin & cure in 1:1
ratio.

Lowering, laying and joining of MS pipes:

Before welding the pipe faces shall be cleaned by scraping

by wire brushes
MS pipe provided with cement mortar / apoxy painting
in lining and coating
The
Th ends
d off MS pipes
i
shall
h ll have
h
beveled
b l d ends
d for
f welding
ldi

While assembling,
assembling the pipes shall be close to uniform gap.
gap
(Gap depends up on thickness) electrodes shall be conform
to is 814
814--1991 i.e, ee--6013

MS pipes are manufactured either by electro resistance

weldingg or submerged
g arc weldingg pprocess longitudinally
g
y or
spirally welded
Manual metal arc welding with covered electrodes.
electrodes

What is metal arc welding

In metal arc welding a metal rod is used as one
electrode during the welding operation this metal electrode is
melted by the heat of the arc and is fused with the base metal.
Welding defects :
1. Lack of penetration,
2. Slag inclusion,
3. Under cut,
4 Poor
4.
P
ffusion,
i
5. Porosity,
6 Weld crack,
6.
crack
7. Spatter,
pp g & distortion.
8. Wrapping

HDPE PIPE
LAYING & JOINING

 Fusion welding is commonly used in HDPE and is a

permanent type of joint
The pipes shall be brushed through out to remove any soil
deposited or stone their in
Pipes shall be laid in dry condition and under no
circumstances theyy shall rest on slushyy beddingg
Clearance of required depth & width on both sides shall
be provided,
provided at the joint which shall be refilled from sides
after the joint is made

 For road crossing or river crossing the pipe shall be laid 2

meter below the bed level and encasing should be done
Pipe after transporting to the exact place should be cut square
by the hacksaw blade
The face of the ppipe
p should be slightly
g y scrapped
pp pprior to the
fusion welding to remove oxidized layer
Ensure the leveling of pipes is maintained at the time of fusion
welding

 The heating mirror / pan should be heated up to 200 deg.

deg. c
and the surface of the pan should be 210 + or 5 deg
deg.. C
The heating pan should be metallic plate which is heated up
to the required temperature either by electrical coil embedded
inside or by blow torch
The fusion welding of pipe should be held in either side of
the heating mirror / pan with Teflon paper on each side
The contact pressure of 0.2 kg/cm
kg/cm2
2 in either side if the pipe
should be maintained

 Initial heating time for achieving the molten rim, varies from
1 to 5 min depending on the pipe wall thick & size.
size.
Pipes should be removed from the heating mirror / pan, when
the rim of the molten material is formed and ensure that the rim
formation is not excessive.
excessive.
Immediate joint should be made by the application of
moderate pressure of approx.
approx. 1 to 2 kg/cm
kg/cm2
2 for 2 to 3 sec
sec..
while joining, the pressure should be maintained until the
joint is luke warm
warm..
After the pressure is relieved, the joint should be allowed to
cool completely

Back Filling :
Back fill with excavated soil should be free from
cinders,
i d
ashes,
h
slag,
l
refuse,
f
rubbish,
bbi h vegetable
t bl or organic
i
metal, lumpy or frozen metal, boulders rocks, other materials
which in the opinion of any authority, is deleterious.
deleterious.
Concrete slabs over pipes :
when pipes are laid below roads (which may be
subjected to heavy traffic loads), trenches should be covered
with
ith reinforced
i f
d concrete
t slabs
l b

GRP Lamination Details

Materials used in the process:
1. Grinding wheels, (machine)
2. Surface,
3. Robin,
4. Matt,,
5. Resin,
6. Hardener,
7 Aerosol powder,
7.
powder

L i ti Process
Lamination
P
:
1. First,, ggrind the damaged
g pportion with ggrindingg wheel.
2. After that , mix the aerosol powder with hardener, this
mixture has to be put on damaged portion,
portion hardener is
used to set quickly that joint.
3. Surface is very soft material, this has to put on that portion
& paste with resin which is used for sticking & hardening.

4. Matt & robin are the strength of that lamination

process
these both used one by one on damaged portion.
5. The robin & matt used up to 7 times
6. Resin pour on robin & matt

Hydro Testing:

1. After Completion of each section of pipeline, it shall be

tested for water tightness before being covered in.
in

2. This can be done by closing each end by means of

valve, blank flange, cap or plug and filling the pipe with
water.

3. The pressure shall be raised gradually by means of a hydro

testing pump till the pressure is at least one and half times
th working
the
ki pressure.
4. A pressure to be specified by the authority for a duration of
one hour.

NOTE : In the test pressure drops after one hour

THANK U.....