Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2
1. .................................................................................................................................................3
1.1.
........................................................................................................................4
1.2. ..........................................................................................................................5
1.3. .............................................................................................................................7
1.4. ...........................................................................................................................7
1.5. ...................................................................................................................................8
1.6. / .................................................................................................................8
1.6.1. ..................................................................................................................8
1.6.2. ..................................................................................................................9
1.7. ......................................................................................................................9
2. ................................................................................................................9
2.1. ..........................................................................................................10
2.2. ......................................................................................................................10
.............................................................................................................................................12
..........................................................................................................................................13
, , , ,
,
. XVII,
XIX . ,
, ,
, ,
.
,
,
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
(lat. gualitas , , )
. (lat. guantitas )
.
1.
2
1.
0,001% .
.
.
,
(), .
.
12, . ,
,
.
2.
1.1.
, . ,
. ,
. .
.
.
. 1.493 C (2.719 C),
3.100 C (5.600 C). 8,9 .
.
. .
, . .
.
1.2.
12,
.
.
() (
) : - .
1768 (1495 0)
3200 (2927 0)
6,67x10-3 m3/mol
376,5 kJ/mol
16,19 kJ/mol
1.
, :
5
1,88 (Pauling)
1,70 (Alred)
420 J/(kg*K)
17,2106S/m
100 W/(m*K)
1.
760,4 kJ/mol
2.
1648 kJ/mol
3.
3232 kJ/mol
4.
4950 kJ/mol
2.
:
:
...
..
..
56
(.)
77,27
..
4,566
56
57
(.)
271,79
..
0,836
57
58
(.)
70,86
..
2,307
58
2,824
60
Co
Co
Co
59
Co
60
Co
..
Fe
Fe
Fe
5,8% 32
(.)
5,2714
Ni
3.
* :
.= ,
...= ,
..= ,
.=
..= ,
..= ,
1.3.
. 12 (
),
CN - ,
0,05 ppm.
1.4.
2. -
: 34
.
. (II) (III)
, .
1.5.
.
.
, , ,
.
( 12).
20% . ,
.
, (), , , , ,
, . ( ).
( , , , , ,
, ).
.
12,
,
12, 5
8 g .
,
. (50) 150 500 g
.
1.6. /
1.6.1.
, 12
.
.
12.
.
8
1.6.2.
. .
:
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
() ;
.
1.7.
( 12)
().
( 12)
. , -
( 12). (60)
.
2.
2.1.
,
. ,
.
, (II)-
.
(ph = 9)
.
2S.
2.2.
2h eksaaminokobalt ( II ) jon
2++6 NH 3 [ Co ( NH 3 ) 6 ]
Co
2
2++6 NH 3 [ ( N H 3 )6 ]
10
. 1 % NH 4Cl
2S (2S ).
2 cm2 HCl 1 mol/dom3 (
) 1-2 . .
++ 4 NH 3
2+ H 2 S cos + 2 NH 4
[ Co ( N H 3 )6 ]
CoS i NiS.
Co2+ Ni2+,
(NaOCl/HCl)
, 3:1 (HCl/HNO3).
NaOC l
HCL
2++Cl+ S+ H
+ Co
+2 H
3 HCl
NH O3
2++2 NO +3 S +4 H 2 O
+ 3 Co
11
Co 2+ -
( ) (II)-,
.
[ Co(SCN )4 ]
II)-
2+ +4 SCN
Co
.
, .
,
( ), .
, , .
.
20 ppm (. parts per million)
: .
. B12 (
),
CN- .
0,05 ppm.
12
1) ., , , , -
, 2013.
2) ., ,
, , ,
2013. , . 183
3) ., ; ., ; ., ,
, , 2000. , . 154
4) www.wikipedia.com , : 29. 30. , 2015.
5) www.studenti.rs/sutentske_skripte_analitikahemija_i_analiza.com , : 30. ,
2015.
13