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Repetition (looping) Control Structures

Why Is Repetition Needed?
o Can input, add, and average multiple numbers using a limited number of
variables
o For example, to add five numbers:
Declare a variable for each number, input the numbers and add the
variables together
cin>>x; cin>>y; cin>>z;
sum=(x+y+z)/3;
What if we need to find the sum of 1000 numbers?
Create a loop that reads a number into a variable and adds it to a variable
that contains the sum of the numbers
Repetition (looping) structures to be covered:
o for looping structure
o while looping structure
o dowhile looping structure

for Looping (Repetition) Structure

syntax:
for (initialization statement; loop condition;
update statement)
statement;
next statement;
initialization statement usually initializes a variable (called the for loop control
variable, or for indexed variable)
In C++, for is a reserved word
Update statement may increment (or decrement) the loop variable by any fixed
number

Example 1: Write C++ program to print the numbers from 1 to 10.

# include <iostream.h>
void main ()
{
for ( int i = 1 ; i <=10; i++)
cout <<i<<endl;
}
Exercise: print the numbers from 10 to 1
Example 2:
#include <iostream.h>
void main ()
{
for (int i = 1 ; i <=5; i++)
{
cout <<"Hello"<<endl;
cout<<"*"<<endl;
}
}
Example 3:
#include <iostream.h>
void main ()
{
for (int i = 1 ; i <=5; i++)
cout <<"Hello"<<endl;
cout<<"*"<<endl;
}
Exercise: print the even numbers between 1 and 20.
Exercise: print the odd numbers between 1 and 20.
Exercise: write a C++ program to calculate and print the sum of numbers 1 to 10.
Exercise: write a C++ program to insert 10 values and calculate their sum.
Exercise: write a C++ program to insert 10 values and print out the odd values only.
Example 4: what is the output of the following code?
#include <iostream.h>
void main()
{
int i;
for (i=0;i<5;i++);
cout<<"*"<<endl;
}

*
Example 5: what is the output of the following code?
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#include <iostream.h>
void main()
{
for ( ; ; )
cout << "Hello" << endl;
}
Infinite loop
Try:
for (int i=1; ; )
cout << "Hello" << endl;
Try:
for (int i=1; ; i++ )
cout << "Hello" << endl;
Example 5: what is the output of the following code?
#include <iostream.h>
void main()
{
for (int x=1, n=10; x<=5&&n>=5 ; x++, n--) cout<<x<<" "<<n<<endl;
}
Exercise: write a C++ program to insert n values and print out the maximum.
Exercise: write a C++ program to insert an integer values and print out its factorial
Exercise: write a C++ program to calculate S where
S=1+22+32+42++102
S=1/n+3/n+5/n++9/n