(GASIFIER)

 (Thermo-chemical conversion)


3

(Combustion Process)
(Pyrolysis or
Distillation Process)
(Gasification Process)

 (Combustion Process)


CO2 H2O


(Biomass gas)
(Gasification) ( producer gas
syngas)

Gasification

11

GASIFICATION

CO + CH4 + H2

Gasifier Type
Fixed Bed
Updraft
Downdraft
Crossdraft

Fluidized Bed

Entrained Bed

Advantage : High thermal efficiency

Disadvantage : High tar,
Advantage : Low tar
Disadvantage : Small scale

-Start up

Gasification


CO, H2, CH4

Fuel

GASIFICATION PROCESS

Drying

1. Drying zone ()
2. Pyrolysis zone or Distillation
zone ()

3. Combustion zone or Hearth

zone ()
4. Reduction zone (

gasification)

Air

Air

Ash

100-200oC

200-600oC

900-1400oC

600-900oC

 GASIFICATION
1. Moisture content
2. Fuel size
3. Volatile matter
4. Bulk Density
5. Ash
18

1. MOISTURE CONTENT ()

2. FUEL SIZE ()

(
)


2-3 .

www.erdi.or.th

20

3. Bulk Density ( )

1200 kg/m3
fixed bed 50-75%

21

4. Ash ()

(
20%)

22

190 cm

 1.0-1.5 cm
50 kg/

1.
2.
3.

1.
2.
3.

 0.27

10
20
min
min
60min
100

min

1200

Temperature ( C)

1000

800

600

400
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5

200

0
0

20

40

60

80

100

Time (min)

120

(Drying zone)
(Pyrolysis zone)
(Combustion zone)
(Reduction zone)
(Ash pit)

9501100oC
400700oC

45-50oC

150400oC

250300oC

ER

ER

ER

ER

ER

0.18

0.22

0.27

0.29

0.32

0.18-0.32

1.
2.
3.

1. N2 = 55.84-63.84%
2. CO = 23.24-29.77%
3. H2 = 6.99-9.41%
4. CH4 = 1.37-2.02%
5. CO2= 1.99-2.83%
6. O2 = 0.43-2.44%

70

Gas composition (%)

60

50

40

30
N2
CO
H2

20

CH4

10

CO2
O2

0
.16

.18

.20

.22

.24

.26

.28

.30

.32

Equivalence ratio

0.18-0.32

.34

HHVGas = 5.66MJ/Nm3

Higer heating value (MJ/Nm )

5
30
4

CO = 29.77%

20

H2 = 8.36%
2
10
1

Gas composition (% volume)

40

HHVGas
CO
H2

CH4= 2.02%

CH4
0

0
.16

.18

.20

.22

.24

.26

Equivalence ratio

.28

.30

.32

ER = 0.27

0.18-0.32

.34

1.
2.
3.

(BTL)

 GASIFIER

120,000 /
( BOI )

 LPG
Dryer

Burner

300 kW


840 mm. 2570 mm.

5
(Hopper) 400 kg
(Pyrolysis chamber)
(Reaction chamber)

(Reduction chamber)
(Ash chamber)

4

(Reaction chamber)

(Ash chamber)



(Pyrolysis chamber)

(Pyrolysis chamber)

(Reaction chamber)

 LPG
Exhaust gas analyzer

Producer gas
Thermocouple

LPG

Air


100%
30 kW

50%
15 kW + 15 kW


Temperature (oC)
1,400

0% LPG
10% LPG
20% LPG
30% LPG
40% LPG
50% LPG

1,350
1,300
1,250
1,200
1,150
1,100
1,050
1,000

1 3 4 6 7 9 10 12 13 15 16 18 19 21 22 24 25
Axial distance (cm)


Case 1

Case 2

LPG

Gasification

Air

Crucible Furnace
Case 3

Air
Gasification+LPG

Flametemperature
900
800

Max.Temp =800C

Temperature(C)

700
600

Max.Temp =500C

500

Gasification

400

Gasification+LPG

300
200
100
0
1 3 5 7 9 1113151719212325272931333537394143

Time(min)

Maximumtemperaturedifference=300C

Computer

Data logger

Thermocouple

3
4

Gasifier
Cyclone

Wet scrubber

6
7

Gas cooler
Gas filter

High pressure blower

9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Orifice meter
Manometer
Gas booster
Proximity sensor
Dual fuel engine
Power meter
Light Load

Orifice meter
Orifice plate

BURNERS EFFICIENCY METHOD FOR LPG

mwater 19kg
c p , water 4.18kJ / kg K

Measure fuel
tank before and
after the
experiment

Boiling

Measuring
the
temperature

BURNERS EFFICIENCY METHOD FOR GASIFIER

Burners efficiency method for Producer Gas

mwater 19kg
c p , water 4.18kJ / kg K

Grinded Coconut
Shells 4.4kg as
Biomass fuel

Boiling

Measuring the
temperature