https://facebook.

com/yplitgroup

Mt s cng thc gii nhanh ha hc

Mt s cng thc gii nhanh ha hc

TNH pH
1.

Dung dch axit yu HA: pH = (log Ka + logCa) hoc pH = log( Ca)

(Ca > 0,01M ; : in li ca axit)

2.

Dung dch m (hn hp gm axit yu HA v mui NaA):

3.

Dung dch baz yu BOH:

(1)

pH = (log Ka + log

Ca
)
Cm

(2)

pH = 14 + (log Kb + logCb)

(3)

TNH HIU SUT PHN NG TNG HP NH3 :

H% = 2 2
-

MX
MY

(4)

%VNH

(X: hh ban u; Y: hh sau)

trong Y

=(

MX
MY

- 1).100

(5)

K: t l mol N2 v H2 l 1:3

BI TON V CO2
1. Tnh lng kt ta khi hp th ht lng CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2
iu kin: n n CO

n = nOH- - n CO2

Cng thc:

(6)

2. Tnh lng kt ta khi hp th ht lng CO2 vo dung dch cha hn hp gm NaOH v Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2
iu kin: n CO nCO
23

n CO2- = n OH- - nCO2

Cng thc:

(7)

(Cn so snh n CO vi nCa v nBa tnh lng kt ta)

3. Tnh th tch CO2 cn hp th ht vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu
23

(Dng ny c 2 kt qu)

Cng thc:

n CO2 = n

n CO2 = n (8) hoc

OH-

- n (9)

BI TON V NHM KM
1. Tnh lng NaOH cn cho vo dung dch Al3+ thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny c 2 kt qu)
Cng thc: n OH = 3n (10)

hoc

OH -

= 4n Al3 - n (11)

2. Tnh lng NaOH cn cho vo hn hp dung dch Al3+ v H+ thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny
c 2 kt qu)
n OH = 3n + n H
n OH = 4n Al3 - n + n H
(12)
(13)
min

max

3. Tnh lng HCl cn cho vo dung dch Na[Al(OH)4] (hoc NaAlO2) thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu
(Dng ny c 2 kt qu)

Cng thc:

n H = n (14) hoc

H+

= 4n AlO - 3n (15)
2

4. Tnh lng HCl cn cho vo hn hp dung dch NaOH v Na[Al(OH)4] (hoc NaAlO2) thu c lng kt ta
theo yu cu
(Dng ny c 2 kt qu)

Cng thc:

n H = n nOH- (16)

hoc

H+

= 4n AlO - 3n nOH

(17)

2+

5. Tnh lng NaOH cn cho vo dung dch Zn thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny c 2 kt qu):
nOH- = 2n

(18)

hoc

nOH- = 4n

- 2n

Zn2+

(19)

BI TON V HNO3
1. Kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 d
a. Tnh lng kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 d:

KL

.i KL nspk .i spk

(20)
- iKL=ha tr kim loi trong mui nitrat - isp kh: s e m N+5 nhn vo (Vd: iNO=5-2=3)
- Nu c Fe d tc dng vi HNO3 th s to mui Fe2+, khng to mui Fe3+
b. Tnh khi lng mui nitrat thu c khi cho hn hp kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 d (Sn phm khng c
NH4NO3)
Cng thc:
mMui = mKim loi + 62nsp kh . isp kh = mKim loi + 62 3n NO + n NO + 8n N O + 10n N
(21)
2

- M NO = 62
c. Tnh lng mui nitrat thu c khi cho hn hp st v oxit st tc dng vi HNO3 d (Sn phm khng c
NH4NO3)
3

Page 1

https://facebook.com/yplitgroup

mMui =

Mt s cng thc gii nhanh ha hc

242
242
mhh + 8(3n NO + n NO2 8n N2 O 10n N2 )
mhh + 8 n spk .i spk =

80
80

d. Tnh s mol HNO3 tham gia: nHNO3

(22)

= nspk.(ispkh+s Ntrongspkh ) = 4nNO +2nNO

+12nN2 +10nN2O +10nNH4NO3

(23)
2. Tnh khi lng kim loi ban u trong bi ton oxh 2 ln
R + O2 hn hp A (R d v oxit ca R)
R(NO3)n + SP Kh + H2O
HNO
3

mR=

MR
M
m hh + 8. nspk .i spk = R m hh + 8(n NO2 3n NO 8n N2O + 8n NH4 NO3 + 10n N2 )

80
80

(24)

BI TON V H2SO4
1. Kim loi tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng d
a. Tnh khi lng mui sunfat

mMui =

m KL +

96
nspk .ispk
2

a. Tnh lng kim loi tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng d:

(25)

mKL + 96(3.nS +nSO 2 +4n H 2S )

KL

.i KL nspk .i spk

spkh
b. Tnh s mol axit tham gia phn ng: nH2SO4 = nspk.( 2 +s Strongspkh

(26)

) =4nS +2nSO

+5nH S
2

(27)
2. Hn hp st v oxit st tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng d
mMui =

400
160

hh

+ 8.6n + 8.2n
+ 8.8n H S
S
SO2
2

(28)

3. Tnh khi lng kim loi ban u trong bi ton oxh 2 ln

R + O2 hn hp A (R d v oxit ca R)
R(SO4)n + SP Kh + H2O
H SO
2

mR=

4 dac

MR
M
m hh + 8. n spk .i spk = R m hh + 8(2nSO2 6nS 10n H 2S )

80
80

(29)

- n gin: nu l Fe: mFe = 0,7mhh + 5,6ne trao i; nu l Cu: mCu = 0,8.mhh + 6,4.ne trao i

(30)

KIM LOI (R) TC DNG VI HCl, H2SO4 TO MUI V GII PHNG H2

I.

tng (gim) khi lng dung dch phn ng ( m) s l:

Kim loi R (Ha tr x) tc dng vi axit thng:

m = m KL - m H 2

(31)

nR.x=2nH2

(32)

1. Kim loi + HCl Mui clorua + H2

mmuoiclorua =mKLp+71.nH2

(33)

2. Kim loi + H2SO4 long Mui sunfat + H2

mmuoisunfat =mKLp+96.nH2

(34)

MUI TC DNG VI AXIT: (C th chng minh cc CT bng phng php tng gim khi lng)
1. Mui cacbonat + ddHCl Mui clorua + CO2 + H2O

mmuoiclorua =mmuoicacbonat +(71-60).nCO2

(35)

2. Mui cacbonat + H2SO4 long Mui sunfat + CO2 + H2O

mmuoisunfat =mmuoicacbonat +(96-60)nCO2

(36)

3. Mui sunfit + ddHCl Mui clorua + SO2 + H2O

mmuoiclorua =mmuoisunfit -(80-71)nSO2

(37)

4. Mui sunfit + ddH2SO4 long Mui sunfat + SO2 + H2O

mmuoisunfat =mmuoisunfit +(96-80)nSO2

(38)

OXIT TC DNG VI AXIT TO MUI + H2O:

c th xem phn ng l: [O]+ 2[H] H2O

n O/ oxit = n O / H 2 O =

1
nH
2

(39)

1. Oxit + ddH2SO4 long Mui sunfat + H2O

mmuoisunfat =moxit +80nH2SO4

(40)

2. Oxit + ddHCl Mui clorua + H2O

mmuoiclorua =moxit +55nH2O =moxit +27,5nHCl

(41)

CC PHN NG NHIT LUYN

1. Oxit tc dng vi cht kh
TH 1. Oxit + CO :
RxOy + yCO xR + yCO2 (1)
Phn ng (1) c th vit gn nh sau: [O]oxit + CO CO2

R l nhng kim loi sau Al.

Page 2

https://facebook.com/yplitgroup

Mt s cng thc gii nhanh ha hc

TH 2. Oxit + H2 :
RxOy + yH 2 xR + yH 2O (2)
R l nhng kim loi sau Al.
Phn ng (2) c th vit gn nh sau: [O]oxit + H2 H2O
TH 3. Oxit + Al (phn ng nhit nhm) : 3RxOy + 2yAl 3xR + yAl 2O3 (3)
Phn ng (3) c th vit gn nh sau: 3[O] oxit + 2Al Al2O3
C 3 trng hp c CT chung:

n[O]/oxit = nCO = n H 2 = nCO 2 =n H 2O

(42)

m R = moxit - m[O]/ oxit

2. Th tch kh thu c khi cho hn hp sn phm sau phn ng nhit nhm (Al + FexOy) tc dng vi HNO3:
i spk
(43)
n kh =
[3n Al + 3x - 2y n Fe O ]
3
3. Tnh lng Ag sinh ra khi cho a(mol) Fe vo b(mol) AgNO3; ta so snh:
3a>b
nAg =b
3a<b
nAg =3a
(44)
x

Page 3

https://facebook.com/yplitgroup

Mt s cng thc gii nhanh ha hc

HA HU C
1. Tnh s lin kt ca CxHyOzNtClm: k =

n CO

S H=

nA

n .(x
i

- 2)

2 + 2x + t - y - m

2
k=1: 1 lk i = 1 vng

k=0: ch c lk n
2. Da vo phn ng chy:
S C =

2+

2n H O
2

nA

n Ankan(Ancol) = n H 2O - nCO 2

3. Tnh s ng phn ca:

- Ancol no, n chc (CnH2n+1OH):
- Anehit n chc, no (CnH2nO) :
- Axit no n chc, mch h CnH2nO2
- Este no, n chc (CnH2nO2):
- Amin n chc, no (CnH2n+3N):
- Ete n chc, no (CnH2n+2O):
- Xeton n chc, no (CnH2nO):
4. S Trieste to bi glixerol v n axit bo
5. Tnh s n peptit ti a to bi x amino axit khc nhau
6. Tnh s ete to bi n ancol n chc:

x: ha tr)

(45)

k=2: 1 lk ba=2 lk i = 2 vng

n CO - n H O = k.n A

* Lu : A l CxHy hoc CxHyOz mch h, khi chy cho:

7. S nhm este =

(n: s nguyn t;

2n-2
2n-3
2n 3
2n-2
2n-1
(n-1)(n-2)
(n-2)(n-3)
n2(n+1)
xn
n(n+1)

n Ankin = nCO2 - n H 2O
th A c s = (k+1)
(1<n<6)
(2<n<7)
(2<n<7)
(1<n<5)
(1<n<5)
(2<n<5)
(3<n<7)

(47)
(48)
(49)
(50)
(51)
(52)
(53)
(54)
(55)
(56)

n NaOH
n este

8. Amino axit A c CTPT (NH2)x-R-(COOH)y

(46)

(57)

x=

n HCl
nA

y=

n NaOH

(58)

nA

Page 4