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    Is 875 Part-5 1987 PDF

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    Sathiya Selvan

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    IS : 875 ( Part 5) - 1987 ‘ Reatimed 1997) Indian Standard ACB-S28 CODE OF PRACTICE FO. DESIGN LOADS (OTHER THAN EARTHQUAKE) FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES PART § SPECIAL LOADS AND COMBINATIONS (Second Revision ) ‘Sixth Reprint AUGUST 2001 UDC 624,042 ; 006.76 © Copyright 1993, BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG. NEW DELHI 110002 Grs July 1988 3S : 875 ( Pare 5) - 1987 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN LOADS (OTHER THAN EARTHQUAKE) FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES PART5 SPECIAL LOADS AND LoaD ‘COMBINATIONS (Second Revision ) ‘Structural Safety Sectional Committee, BDO 37 Caiman Retrweing Bayo Du L. V. Ra Engiaceria-Chiel's Branch, Army Headquarters, ree Saat Meter: De K.O. Beata Bharat Heavy Eletsicals Limited, Corporce Keane ‘& Development” Divison, rab Sunt M8. Brazca 1m pemenal capacity (42/86, Sefarong Ercan, “lew Bula 7 SmuN-K, Buarcacnaera — Ragigteat Che Brinch, Aray Hesduater, Sra, Manaonaa (att Da $.G. Cuainadannt gal ulding Research Tonite (CSIR), . wee Smas A. Dara { Alvmate) GaugrEsoinean (NDZ TE | Central Public Works Department, New Di Wons (NDZ } 11 { alma) Da P. Daranarian Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Dm A'S. Ke Sast Altraate} Derure “Mosictra, Coumissir Municipat Corporation of Grester Bombay, ‘tne ( Ena} Danbey Grey Exentars ( Aliraie) Disgeron (CMDD-1 ) Water Commission, New Dell Centra Darery Rissroe (CMDD-1) (emar) Mas-Gns A. Mi, Gooutean lanttation of Kaginowrs( India ),Caleatta Paar D.N, Taxrna ( Alienate) (Contin on page 2) © Gonmicts 1968 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS ‘This publication is protected under the fnduan Cnpprighe ded (XIV of 1987) and ‘reproduction in whole or i part by any mesas except with written permission of the Publisher sal! be deemed to be am infringement of copyright under the aid Act, q 18 +875 ( Pare 5)~ 1987 ( Conese from page) Meters Reproestiog Sunt A.C Gorrs Natignal Thermal Power Cargoraion Lid, ‘New Deli Stewart and Lloyds of India Led, Calevtrn National Induafal Developmest Corporation hd, New Beit Jesme Dyanoton Samnanon Mansy ofRatiy CS 9 Ser ran ACP Moun Alaa) nS Re Kean st ‘Sues 5.N. Pan | Alternate) sum Sum, Sax Gurea ‘Sut M.M. Gnroom | Alienate) Suu G. Be Janeoinen ‘Tata Consulting Bogincers, New Delbi M.N, Dastur & Go, Coletta Mioaes ‘Same. Posen ( dlterete} Sum T. K.D. Moxem BIE Raven Da MN. Kasia Rao SwustotlEaginttng Resateh Cente CSTR), Midi sen M, V-Duasasunr army (Alert snap Eh Sova Mae essed India Lad, Nobay a's. V.Toweas ( Alienate) som. Rar incesing Amociation, Calcutta Forest Retearch Inatitute and Colleges, Debra ers India Lad, New Deli National Couch "for Cement & Buildiog ‘Materials, New Deli Indian Ex 388 { Allenaie) ‘Sunt PK. Mex: . 05, Sunmanaway Ministry of Surface Transport ( Roads Wing 1, ‘Suar. 3 try of Supt §., Cuaxmanonre( Alersce | new Des smnt MC Saanue Taian Meteorological Department, New Seu S Suyustax ational Suldigs Onpeatation, New Delkt Sust Stnans Rows") ational Mulding Gomnsction Cotertion Lt ‘eu pest Director General, BIS ( Be-afia Mere ) Suny ©. Rasa, ‘Director ( Gi Engg } Seerie {Conte on page 18) 15 1 875 ( Part 5) - 1987 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN LOADS (OTHER THAN EARTHQUAKE) FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES PARTS SPECIAL LOADS AND LOAD ‘COMBINATIONS { Second Revision } 0 FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standaed ( Part 5) ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on 31 August 1987, after the draft falls, ed by the Structural Safety Sectional Committee ‘had been approved by the Civil Enginecring Division Council 0.2 A building has to perform inany functions satisfac orily. Amongst thee fcsons ar the uty gfe building for the fotended ute and Sccupaney, siructural safety, fire safety; and compliance with, hygiente, {initation, ventilation and day light standards. The design of the balding is dependent upon the minimum requirements prescribed for each of the above functions. The minimum requirements pertaining to the structural safety of buildings arc being covered in this code by way of laying dows uinimom design loads which have to be assumed for dead loads, imposed loads, snow loads and other external loads, the stricture would be requis: ed to bear. Strict conformity to loading standards recommended in this cade, itis hoped, will not only ensure the sttural safety ofthe buldsnes Which are being designed and constructed in the country and thereby reduce the hazards to life and property caused by unsafe structures, but also climinate the wastage caused by assuming ‘unnecessarily heavy, Toad, ings. Notwithstanding shat is stated regarding the sructral ttely of buildings, the application of ie provisions should be earried out by come petent und responsible structural designer who would. satisfy himself thet the structure designed in accordance with this code meets the desired Performance requirements when the same is catried ut according to specifications. 0 This standard code of practice was frat publiched in 1957 for the guidance of civil engineers, designers and architects associated with plant Ing and design of buildings, Ye included the provisions for basie design 3 151875 ( Part 5 ) - 1987 Toads ( dead loads, lve loads, wind Joads and seismicloads ) to be assumed in the design of buildings. In its first revision in 1964, the wind pressure provisions were modified on the basis of studies of wid. phenomenon and sts effects on structures, undertaken by the special committee in consultanon with the Indian Meteorological Department, In addition to this, new clauses on wind loads for butterfly type structures were included, wind pressure coefficients fox shected roofs both curved and sloping were modi- fed; seismic load provisions were deleted ( separate code having been prepared } and metric system of weights and measurements was adopted. 0.3.1 With the increased adoption of the code, a number of comments were received on the provisions on live load values adopted for different ‘eceupancies. Simultaneously live load surveys have been carried out in ‘America, Canada and other countries to arrive at realistic live loads based fon actual determination of loading ( movable and immovable ) in different occupancies, Keeping this in view and other developments in the field of wind engineering, the committee responsible for the preparation of the standard decided to prepare second revition inthe following five parte: Part 1 Dead loads Part 2 Imposed loads Part 3 Wind loads Part 4 Snow Joads Part 5 Special loads and load combinations. Earthquake load is covered in a separate standard, namely 1S: 1893+ 1984* which should be considered along with the above loads. 0.3.2 This code ( Part 5) deals with loads and load effects ( other than those covered in Parts 1 to 4, and sefsmic toads) due to. temper- ature changes, internally generating stresses ( due to. creep, shrinkage, differential settlement, ete } in the building and its components, soil and hydrostatic pressure, accidental loads, etc, This part also includes guid ance on load combinations. 4 The code has taken into account the prevailing practices in regard to loading standards followed in this country by the various municipal autho- rities and has also taken note of the developments ina number of countries abroad. In the preparation of this code, the following national standards have been examined: a) National Building Code of Canada ( 1977 ) Supplement No. 4. Canadian Structural Desiqn Manual. design of eeructare (thie rerzin ). Criteria for earthquake 4 18 1875 ( Pare S )- 1907 b) DS 410-1989 Code of practice for lo i ‘ues Danud Standard Inanatons 2" MF Asem OF strut. ©) NZS 4203-1976 New Zealand Sta 0 N land Standard General and design loadin, ildi Association of Fas, Gcsign loading for building. Standards Association of Nee 4) ANSI A 581-1962 American Stand: i ; netican Standard Buildi le requis ‘ents for minimam design loads in busdinge and other seed, —<=a " 1. SCOPE 1 Teale (2a) dente wh 5 aie hanged a4 ed cd temper [ae re igs aes ye teal eerste Sle cotae Weare aimee ae edna 2 il ude” tg ae DU oat ee ria Sen a geageting a 2. TEMPERATURE EFFEQTS 21 puso ond concen ds to sang integer ati as Seg Sah SU NE temperate of te Eade ir 19 rl hee tener eign. Bevin sat dnt in atrdane wun is Sia false got gpantonfcniacion additio se feonalstesses due to temperature effects as approgtine sora ‘Risimum temperature which may hecexpeced. in eco oa, Be RaUnRY fre nicated in Fig: {and 2 respecively. These (ora sdance in astessing the maximus waiadone of oy 21.2 The temperatures indicated in Fig, Tenpeay ure the dade "The range of variation materials may be a a tempat Day cae foe te att oak which the materials componiag the tracts st Pe in tempera ations a dae consideration tet Variations of the material and airshould be gives & 1S 1875 ( Pare 5 )- 1987 ‘The tereicoral watcrs of India extend into the sca to-a distance of twolve nautical miles smeayired from the appropriate b Based upon Survey of India map with the permission ofthe Surveyor Genera of toda. © Govecament of ladia Copyright 1993 : ‘Responsibility for the corcectness of intermal detail reste withthe publishers, Fio, 1 Guany Suowma Hrowest Maxneu Teurenatons 6 18675 ( Past 5) 1907 Ts serhorn watm of tia extend into the ve to ditance of cwelve mee ‘measured from the ; re base fine, - “ it ss ‘Sued upon Survey of India map with the pormision of the Survevor General of india, © Government of India Copyright 1092, Responsibility for the correctnes of internal dotalle rests with the publishers Fie, 2. Garr Snowta Lowest Mivnua Taurzn ature, 7 18 875 ( Part 5 )- 1987 2.4.3.1 It should be borne in mind that the changes of mean temper ature in relation to the initial are Tiable to differ as between one structural clement and another ia buildings or structures, as for example, between ‘the external walls and the internal clements of a building. The distribution, of temperature through section of single-teaf structural clements may be asumed linear for the purpose of analysis, 2.15.2 The effect of mean temperature fy and toy and the temperature gradients :) and 0, in the hot and cold seasons for single-leaf structural elements shall be evaluated on the basis of analytical principles, Ne oe portions of the rructure below ground level, the variation of temperatures generally tanigmicant. However, dirtag the period. of constriction ‘wes the pertion of the structure are expored fo weather elvaats, ndequae pro Talon shotid be made to encounter adyern effect if any. Nom 2— Ititenn be shown by engineering principles, ori it known from experience, that noglece oftomte oral the fees af temperatare do not affect the ‘ecboruraltaleny and serviceability, they Seed aot be considered in dengm. 3. HYDROSTATIC AND SOIL PRESSURE S.A In the design of structures or parts of structures below ground level, such as retaining walls and other walls in basement floors, the pressure exerted by soil or water or bath shall be duly accounted for an the basis of established theories. Due allowance shall be made for possible surcharge from stationary or moving loads. When a portion o¢ whole of the soil is below the free water surface, the lateral earth pressure shall be evaluated (or weight of soil diminished by buoyancy and the full hydrostatic pressure, 31-1 All foundation siabs and other footings subjected to. water pres- sure shall be designed to resist a uniformly distributed uplift equal to the full hydrostatic pressure. Checking of overturning of foundation under submerged ‘condition shall “be done considering buoyant weight of foundation, 2.2 While determining the Iteral wil pressure on column like structural embers, such as pilsre which. rest in fping soy she width of the ‘ember thall be takea as fellows (see Fj Actual Width of Member Ratio of Efective Width to aetuat Width Less than 0-5 m 30 Beyond 05 m and up to 1m 30 to 20 Beyond tm 20 The relieving pressure of soit in front of the structural member concerned may geacrally not be taken into account, 18: 875 ( Part 5)» 1997 cee ph > 2b 10 3b r jad Fie. 3. Sxetew SHowmo Errcrive Wiotk or Puan For CALCULATING Son. Paossune 3.3 Safe guarding of structures and structural members against over-tum- ing and horizontal sliding shall be verified. Imposed loads having favour- able effect shall be disregarded for the purpose. Due consideration shall be givea to the posillity of seil being’ pemanenty or temporarily removed. 4, FATIGUE 4:1 General — Favigue cracks are usually initiated at points of high stress concentration, ‘These stress concentrations may be caused by or associated swith holes { such as bolt or rivet hotes in steel structures }, welds includ- ing stray or fasions im steel structures, defects ia materials, and local and general changes in geometry of members. ‘The cracks usually propogate loading is continuous, Where there is such loading cycles, sudden changes of shape of a member or part of a member, specially in regions of tensile stress _andjor local secondary bending, shall be avoided, Suitable steps shall be taken to ‘avoid critical vibrations due to wind and other causes. 4.2 Where necessary, permissible stresses shall be reduced to allow for the effects of fatigue. Allowance for fatigue shall be made for combinations of stresses duc to dead load and imposed load. Stresses due to wind and earthquakes may be ignored when fatigue is being considered unless other- wise specified in the relevant codes of practice. 9 18 1 875 ( Pare 5) ~ 1987 Bach clement ofthe structure shall be designed for the number of stress cycles of cach magnitude to which tis estimated that the element is liable to be subjected during the expected life of the structure ‘The runes of ee of each magnitude shill be eximated in the hgh of available data regarding the probable frequency of occurrence of cach of loading. * ate “Pe [Nors — Apart ftom, the general obasrations made herein the cae ro yi inci nag the pain eh and ape pes ansiog eur oF repaitive loading appeoching’ Teese ‘members, joints, materials, ete. te of 5, STRUCTURAL SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION 51 All Toads required to be carried by the structures or any part of it due to storage oF positioning of construction materials and erection equip= ment including all loads due to operation of such equipment, shall be ‘considered as erection loads. Proper provision shall be made, including temporary bracings to take care of all stresses due to erection foads, “The structure as a whole and all parts of structure in conjunction with the temporary bracings shali be capable of sustaining these erection loads without exceeding the permissible stresses specified in respective codes of Prsetice. Deadload, wind load and such parts of imposed foad as would imposed on the structure during the period of erection ahall be taken ‘8 acting together with erection loads, ACCIDENTAL LOADS 6.0 General — The occurrence of accidental loads with a significant value, is unlikely on a given structure over the period of time under consideration, and also in most cases is of short duration, The occurrence of an accidental oad could in many cases be expected to cause severe consequences unless special measures are taken: ‘The accidental loads arising out of human action include the following: ) Impacts and collisions, b) Explosions, and ¢) Fire, Characteristic of the above stated loads are that they are not a conse quence of normal use and that they are undesired, and that extensive efforts are made to avoid them. As a result, the probability of occurrence of an accidental load is small whercas the consequences may be severe. 10 181 875 ( Pare 5) 1987 ‘The causes of accidental Toads may be: a) inadequate ify of equipment (due to poor design or poor maintenance by wrong operation ( due to intuficient teaching or training, indio- pontion, negligence or unfavourable external circumstaness ) Jo son cae, accidental Jonson develop wader «combination of weval unfavourable oceurtence. a practical applications, it may be neces: 25 to neglect the most unlikely lok The obey of pemnaie idental loads which are neglected may differ for different consequer atx possible failure. A data iar for a detailed calculation of the proba- Dilly willskdom be available. cnn Duta of dete! Lede — Typin oc magnate of accidenal snl rl ply led ana Tae orginal cea MGtuntan’ Gefersiy, only ke plnepel lob bearing oyutems mand Be Sica to avn sats ele 6.1 Impacts and Collisions GLA General ~~ During an impact, the kinetic impact energy has to be absorbed by the vehicle hiting the structure and by the slructuze itself Iman accurate analysis, the probability of occurrence of an impact with & certain energy and the deformation characteristics of the object hitting the structuce and the structure itself at the actual place must be consider ed. Impact energies for dropped objects should be based on the actual loading capacity and lifting height. Common sources of izapact ar a) vehicles; b) dropped objects from cranes, fork lifts, ete; ) cranes out of control, crane failures; and d) fying fragments, ‘The codal requirements regarding impact from vehicles and cranes are given in 6.1.2 and 6, 6.1.2 Callisons Benoeen Vehicles and Structural Elements — Yn road traffic, the requirement that a structure shall be able to resist collision may be Assumed to be fulfilled if it is demonstrated that the structural element is able to stop a fictcious vehicle, as described in the following. It is assum- ed that the vehicte strikes the structural element at height of 1'2 m in any possible direction and at a speed of 10 mjs ( 36 km/h ). u 4S +875 ( Pare S)- 1987 ri fcitious vebice shall be considered to. cansist of two. mames Perce cet during compresion of the vehicle pradece ss ‘ce Teas seaman Som aero, cottesponding to ihe nan ee raking of paeammed that the mass my in breaked chunplensy eae Ct braking of mass m, begins, The following numerical values should be used: 1 = 400 kg, Cy = 10-000 KN per m the vehicle i comprensed, ‘ms ~ 12.000 kg, Cy = 300 KN per m the vehide is compressed. soni enes Es Senate ee oa {ore mass mg itespactive a the glance Toe swum the uate force to be 63 ee” KN forthe masse, ad 600 EN therefore, be oa the safe side to rece ition, braking ofthe mass my wil rsultin an impact wave, eect of which will depend toa great extent onthe. Ling Pae taney flerent concerned. Consequently, it wil not always be suite design for the static force, S15 Safety Ratings — With regard to safety railings pe structures against collision due to toad traffic, ahechd + tailings are able to resist on impact as described i G.1.2. mw neghet collides wih af-ty sa:tings, the ktsetic eneruy ofthe bat 2y te deformation of he rings wads epee Be thrall bee cntie She The par othe Eine eur Se Pt, serene galer whou bredking down maybe dened Me Fale ‘the tarumed rigiity ofthe velo curing the coe SLM Grone Inpast Lead on Bufer Sp — ‘Tie vaste horizontal load Py (rope Jz seting along the erane wack produced by inence at i crane ‘on the butfer stop, is calculated by the following foray Pye M vyR up to protect shown that the where ¥ — speed at which the crane is travelling at the moment of impact (assumed equal to hal the nominal value Ff # = maximum shortening ofthe buffer, assumed equal og 1 for light duty, mediumduty and heavjeduty one wot, flexible load susy fon and loading capacity not exceed. ing 50, and 0-9 m in every other Same eg ‘M= the reduced crane mass (t.¥/m); and is chtained by the formula: wm P+ pig) & 12 18 + 875 ( Part 5) - 1907 — 1g = acceleration due to gravity ( 9°81 mjs* }; Py — crane biage weigh Pra era weigh coefficient, assumed equal to zero for cranes with flexible + fool mapratce acl ah we Gee oe Os ae a Se 0. rane tating capacity (0s Ly = crane span (m); and 1 = pearson of a (a). 62 Explosions i ing on a structure. 6.2.1 General — Explosions may cause impulsive loading 0: The following types of explosions are particalarly Felevan *) Tetcaal ge explosions which may be caused by leakage of gat ipl (cluding piping ouside the room), evaperaton oun Yolasle Tiquids of tinintentional evaporation fom a rial (for example, fire}; >) Internal dust explosions; ©) Biter faitare; seam ana 4) External gas cloud explosions; and ©) External explosions of bighenplesives (TIT, dynamite). The codal requirement regarding internal gas explosions is given in 6.2.2, 428 Si Md, can me Ea OS es Gee ae mf oth foam eat (ok of Pee ue om Septal toe ae one oe so Side in ea ts Be ay ect pia ey Sera ee seine nsty fr cee of depetine Boe ecm erect, Te ort pi ene pa of ip we ins a ke tne oe Earat tenon eh cate ae e ee LGR smed to depend fi AV, where A is the total, Sh seme sored orci vir > meses PS rit ae attest B 46 1875 ( Pare S$) - 1987 1b) The internal preamae ix stained to act simuleancoutly upon all walls and fpses in ape closed Foot (©) The action g, may be taken as static action. ken ofthe time curve of netion, the following (Fig, 4» vebematic from the account wnt ewe. presure and tame i sanened, where i the creep eronston cal masini preerre i reacted, end fi the ea aL comvcagure ty the end of combeaton. For fy and fy the Tort Rati OP Be chonca ip elsion fo he, dyoame properties of the aructores ate BUNS thuen shouldbe chosea witha the mtervaly a given a Fg. ‘Nozn 2 — Figore 4isbased on tea with gas explosions in room, csrespand sporting teal Bag and sea netfee net be slide ona oeecinY titionn "The. fgure conrepuars to ah expleson cased by town gaa 2 Sea em aes Sec te ale se in foomm where there i aly the omy of gacs with a lower fate of combustion, ‘The pressure may be applied solely in one room oro more time. 1s ibe later eatey sll rooms ave incorporated ia the volume V. Only windows for other similarly week and light Taructural clements may be taken t0 be Se yGelon aresa even throwgh certain halted structaral pare reak at pressutes lest tha te. Figure 4 given purely 2 guide and probability of occurence of an expletion snoutd be checks a eoch hve uiing nppropriat value 63 Vertical Load on Air Raid Shelters 631 Characteristic Values — Aa regards buildings in which the indivi- dual floors are acted upon by a total characteristic imposed action of up to 5-0 EN}, vertical actions on air raid shelters generally Jocated below level, for example, basement, etc, should be considered to have {the following characteristic values: 8) Buildings with up to 2 storeys 28 KN/m* b) Buildings with $ to 4 storeys 94 kN}m* ¢) Buildings with more than 4 storeys 4 ANI <@) Buildings of particularly stable construction 28 kN/m* ) Rpecive othe number of storeys In the case of buildings with floors that are acted upon by a charac teristic imposed action larger than 5-0 LN/m?, the above valucs should be Jnereased "by the difference between the average imposed action on all storeys above the ane concerned and 5-0 KNjm*, Nore 1 —y storeys it i understood, every utlizable storey above the shelter, Nore 2 — By buildings ofa particular stable construction itis understood, build bearing nvucturen are rade (ror reinforced in-situ concrete, 4 4S : 875 ( Part 5) - 1987 sto KN/m? a a & 2 at Be HDT <> Fic, 4 Seton Suowmo Rurarion Between Parssvre xp Tru oas

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