(cont axoweny 268 aye REBATE | {ul4) anauropy 600") — ays | va) eee eur | (wy anam peg — way | (iw) atau gyoe (asu) aout ouea 49 meu saoamfua | Cy) ansue | wea “Vy + aAG{aq UBALA Bae SIN AoELE: Sify JO aunos: udsopitn Ul alae ay yur AMOS Jo ann oy posyufional ‘souasylled ne iy “SUUSHALY, pur SAMAK bs Ip © apMMWED yeHEVEWMUY! 2 696 1% a-01— &e) ony srOL ~ G3 quusy Ol (@) ood Cle Oh tu) ores gay "Uy) 514) OL OM) OIA OT GA) eRe aranparaagy Seay peidape nag aay sao! Sucmnpay omy) “GOUT pays umpagtf We eaydpynur aog -(Qo0K/1) Y coe Coe IMEI COL/L) Hap = KANNUR Se Esai sur Qudt ndhaudnaesy “Covor} oa pur “(yar uraaigay |) bang wsaxyaud Tuama yey 24) 44 parsaypug aff Gob), o:du aldiymyy “saxtoud anyadasdde £4 powealpuy eae nope pur sepdysyuyy SluaHSS 50 soyduaquu aug ef sure oTp [IE Feruaaues Zo 9eeiweape aye sey ay se AIpUPAL yraisiyd Jo aifinas omy v1 pasn Sisom sf] wards sip pue warsss (puosag pur werdony anergy "SIN aye Pue HME aenay we viasés (puonag “ited WAoy) sd Sn saronsds (jmonag 1HeLD ‘AaesMMUs EE OS Ask STUN jena fp Maiiasnsram Surassep BLINN 40 SWALSAS tau = YS” Speen pani poies age spun pruiamerp d) wen pakpap t st if) wumuauour go 0 Jo wifin wposse sdxa aq uno yoayen sapyucenb Shido satin ayy “ssn joromepurf pales 4 lupe pueayiBuoy ‘sivw “27 “soynuenb pewouepu Higgasyous 10) peitope yun sy, ousinseaus jo ayy SR UMmoUY “paepuRls poxty ewes YiLh paises oq 03 Ayiuenb (eo[sAyd & soseshuo> Tusuiswisvaus Aion] "2uo UMOEY & Yl soppuene bay jt Uespalmnn oy) Jo sisistoa auaMaunsEapy eemnuvuayd sor affues Taymou » Jo siupwasnseat soul mI ayRU wrandoypaap 9 DIF tam TRY) DO]ADp matt Jo {MEN GawIauNA § OLLVIRUAL “HAASNL. IY ALDIYS “1038 EHH \IPA oaTsRaNM nL Xf “KSauUa!TS Tesiskyd toy Foye veredan WwoUL HLL SUNSIWAANS YS YyLoU, fo aanseaU ey yeu |] y YOURUE JO Kpmas ays Yolmr ADELE jvap FadUa;IE [eoYsAYd “sesl9s amp 07 ajqndaogad YapéioAa Tuysodwo> AQUEISQOS BYE Sf If ‘asOsqayD ‘sseRI SEY POE aueds sordaae iem Hug due sf 3] : asker) MALLYA 40 dan. NGeneral aune = A047 9q rnesre 2BA1 cubic centimetre 4.346 cubic decimetre Guid ounve 1 1 1 1 1 grain i 1 q 1 == 0586 cubic 64.80 milligram magnd = 37.52 Silogien une 28.35 kilogeton pound - 0.453 tilogren ‘quintsl 100 ky 1 seat — 6.933 kilpgeant tot = 11.66 gra 1 Snat 1.882 ewhour ¥ gallon 3.456 lites 1 AU (Aatronomical : Wau — issn SYSTEME INTERNATIONALE (SD CNIT The General Conference of Weight Mocsure gave efficisi atarus tu a single practren! system, the Intemational syscon of units. The syatens foes of the niotric system. It as sever Lasie anits asd Ove suppizmentaiy uns. “These units are given below Qnamtity Unit metre ™ Mass kitogrem kg Time seer! 8 Leste ampere current Veraperscuns X Luminous 5 intensity Amount of role ‘ra ou) substance Pus engl Solid male MECHANICS Mechanics is thy braach of physics which cals the wetinn of force ae forees on material awivether they’ are ai test ar én eotion, sfotton * ‘he continwoxs esange of position ce boy with respect te 4 feed seferemen is culled motion of that body. Thore arc varias kinds af notion. . Qne dimenstenal metton : Walking, bee running on the roads ate the examples of one incensionad rnotian, Tee dimensional motion; Profectite motion, -A.crtorn cctin, a billara fll over plane ate. ae she -examples of two dimensional mation Theew dimensional motion . The abject moving in che space wivelvung all the 1 dimensions e Dixptuctameat + Wher. bady 7 pa.nt to another font alone # tbe f irrespacti 1¢ body, It har yen have fet wegaiuade end placement, veloeity, fares ere. and ‘Spoed «M1 isthe race of of pusidon of fidy wih seq! 16 vane aitny,steaight of curved th. _ Total dst: reused by the bexly a Byood Fi * rime maken Velowity « It inthe vate of chang of position of a busy wan respect Io time in straight lise amg. A particular direction. isa weet quantity. Acceleration : It is the ute of change of velocity, Wen the shanpst of velocity desresses with time thew it is said to be vettrted. It is & véetor emiity 9Gravuatioas secelersiien fs 98 Acceleration 2 1 Ie the i@ to gravity with wlfcl 5 feeety ing badly moves turers the entra, Ha eyual w Equation of Merton : Ifa body stants sawing swith in sewader a m itor acecamtinn ains 2. Enat velcuity ip time interval & thereby wrdergoes a displacement «, ther the foliowing refations sxist ( veutar ”) ene x, 19 the estunce tavvethed by a toad ie oh ‘aston Fores : (is tht which chonges oF ehange the sine of ries or matizan of & Bod Inertia = 1s the igherens {orem at nest est ected upon by & forge oF #2 ‘eep a body mova the ubsenae of any Hurec wet on i, Celik divcowered she Inne of inectia Momentum 1p) : It is the product of mass aut velocity of @ hosly. tt is a vector quantity oP Lawes of Motion First taw : Everybody continues pf rest of of unifores motion in a seni competed by some. extern fore to Seeond law : The rule of momentum of a 89¢y es pr nal tg the applied orce and taker place is ‘which the Third law: To every acts an equa! aad opposite rection. Action and reaction which occurs fa paies act om aitfercit boudivs, If they ated the sata body, the Roslin force wou! be vera wil there Gould never be aveeleraed lio nome : The produc of the fnrre and time ng which the Forces is anlled the imputae 0 e Bites ‘Muducioal au Tepe Far Conservation of Mumentan, Im the ciumce wf external forces, 1 1 mine bodes mieract sith one asarher, monrentam Lessing costo, Mathematically, adi’ + ans 1M, ne and Fy ave the inasses ody. Application of Conser arte In propulsion of fackst, fhe mass of rocxet beeps decveasinns Ws mass of ts €38, eration of te rocket con locky oF che By Nuwlon’s third Jaw of morien, an equal and ‘oppaxite force which is ils reausion coun into play. This reactinn firce mety on a Wy a he ewes and is dinected away from she contre, 1 is culled centrifugal fares. Anplication of Centvipetal Force 4, Banking of soads 2. Bending of a oyctise 3. Conieat pies 4, Speed groveinorApplication of Centrifugal Force A device cenitifnges i vaed vo seprane one material Groot anvsher. The hesvier miserial ace thrown outwand and collected at appenprine plane. the simnlar devie knowa at the aeparator i used tor separate ercsin fram milk. The nik ie belog Urewvier thay cream and is forced to throw watoracd sb of the spizning bond amd is drawn off. The sreain which is lighler stays neat tte want und fy Mathers, 48 ~ afl (itl) Bue to the shape of the earth, the ‘equatorial rasius ofthe ear is greater than the polar racius by nearly 22 kms. The vale of ‘a i greater at the pois than the equator (7) Due to the rotation of the earth, the vale cof g’increanes wca n hody moves tram the equetor towards the pole. Keplar's Law of Planetary Motion J. Sephir formulated three faws on the sibwervation of motion of plane of first astronyafeP Mr. Tycho Brake, ‘These are following : 1. The few of orbte The palb of the stall hody is a conic sectinn having theslarge body #5 one fens, The partienlar seefionsa deter mined by the speed of the small body aL given instant 2. The law of area Hevea Bept out im a siven time by the radis& Vaxcrarafoing, the terge body to the small body afatwaye the sant 3. The tanta perleds bor closed ortits (cuir poe Smee Eres) iy always the (Ferré angjr exis) sine. Buick: A satellite is any body revolving fous large body unde the influence ofthe latter eglmpee is 2 satellite of the earth, If the time Petigd nf the satelite be exactly equal to the perio’ pf revoluliun f the earth, thea it will appear to be Sationary at che sare place on the earth. This calied parking, orbit Weightlesyness : When « gravitational Force ‘on any body is opposed by an equal endl opposite inoril foroe, s weightiess state i produced, # i rolative only and it docs not mean that gravitational force has seomed to act, itis only thal ihoir 38 na relative acceleration. Escape Velocity ; It isthe minimum velocity require! 49 accelerate the body to reach infinity Hoan the earthMathematically. ¥,— = Viet aoe 11.2 kanfsee on the earth surface tis numerieatly equal to J3 times the orbital velocity nens the earth's sufnce, ‘The Electrostatic Force : It exists between any two electric charges. fis attractive between coppnite charges and repulrive between fke charge, {tis also in contrast to gravitation which is always aciractive betvreen any two given masses. Kota Ao ly. A= Mathematics where gy. 45 se the charges and ris the distance between them, K— proportionatiyy constant which is equal 1 ‘The Magnotic Force 40 magnets. ‘The Moment of a Force : The tumiag cMlect ot a faree is walled aoment of the force ue os. ‘The moment ofthe force is given by the product of the magnionde of the Force and the lenin of the corresponding force arm. If / be the magnitude of force and / he the leagth of the force arm, thea ralhomaticaly i i given by. Fei 69.0 «109 NaviC® = ens batween say 1 ‘Couple : wo equal and opposite forces tid, at different points of a body are said 10 fat eauple. The action of 2 cnuple tends ta sotalé the object sn one direction Contre of Gravity + tris the (indi which the weight of the body may be contigered{to act When 9 body is suspended thom iltaréntce of 1 it will remoin in eqallibriumgthe centre of gravity of a body may ligMesttide. The posi of entre of pravity“Btystybody determines its abit Friction shee basly moves or teas 10 move over gffOtheh\the Oppositing force set up in fine plong of épntactat the surtace is called trettonn! force, Thetaighe of fictional foree is due ta surface icvegUlaitts attnolecular scales. Friction is of beo Aypes : (i) Stati fnvtion, v7) Kinetic: trict friction isa seladjusting force, ‘The law of static friction states = L. The maximum force of static fi independent of the ace of cnmtsct 2. The maxinumm force of stati Proportional to the narma! force Kinetic Frietinn isthe force of friction whieh is less tham the limiting ietion and is walled ito play when the body moves with a oniform speed The law of kinetic friction are similar to those of statie frit Rolling Frietion : Whun u body rolls offer « surface, the frictional force developed is knows the rolling tetion Importance of Friction = Crtie in many everyday activitis like walking er SPPping, fobjeuts Iisa serious nuisanog/th dBvicethat move continuously like elect ie moray yf r8l-oad tains. Friction become an eviNMUP us whit there is 100 line thicwon and conditions af sliprery. FLUID MECHARICS, Presspé® 1806 Fant F wuts por the surface OF Tuidffquid or gas) of area, 4, then the pig? Rysiven by Statie Iriction is eceDry enidivalnr tes {Te Si. unit of pressure i Nie? ot Paneat Pascal's Lav : It states that pressure applied ti liquid ot (res) at one point is twansmitted equally "hall icectinos thraughiont tbe Tigi. Application of Pascal's Law The eity pumping staion can pump waler to cur houses oaly bepanse oF the farce explained by Pascal's Law. The principle of the hytlnelie press is based on Pascal's nw and iis used in many common apptinnces suck that on automobile as tbe aydaulic break. Hydraubic pressure operates the wing flaps of many planes. Italso compresses colton. paper clo bales ints comparatively small bundles Bwovaney : When a body is immersed in 8 liquid (or gas) the fiquidl exerts at upseard ahrast over It his upsvard thrust is called buoyancy.