A.

Phn m u

thnh thi quen vi nhiu ngi, mi khi b ng c

do s dng nng sn, nht l rau qu, th nguyn nhn
u tin ngi ta ngh n l cc loi thuc bo v thc
vt (BVTV). Np ngh ny l c c s, v thuc BVTV khng
nhng l nguyn nhn trc tip gy nn cc v ng c,
m cn l nguyn nhn tim n u c sc khe con
ngi v mi trng thng qua vic tch ly d lng
thuc BVTV.
Thuc BVTV l yu t quan trng bo v sn lng
lng thc, thc phm. Nh vy m nui sng c s
dn c tng ln nhanh chng trong nhiu thp k qua,
khong 40-50 nm v trc, khi thuc BVTV v ging mi
cha c s dng rng ri, nng sut la mi t trung
bnh 1 1,5 tn/ha/v th n nay, dn s cng nh nng
sut cy trng tng ln nhiu ln. Cng vi vic s
dng ging mi c nng sut cao trn din tch rng,
nhiu loi su bnh nguy him cng ng thi pht sinh
ph hi lm gim nng sut cy trng t 15-20%, c ni
40-50%, thm ch mt trng th vic hin din thuc BVTV
l ng nhin. Trc y, nng dn ch dng thuc BVTV
cho la, nay dng cho hu ht cc loi cy trng, nh
rau qu, u , cc loi cy trng cn khc
Kt qu kim tra mt s mu rau qu ti mt s ch
u mi cc thnh ph ln cho thy d lng thuc
BVTV cc loi c nhiu trong cc mu rau, vt hng chc
ln gii hn cho php. Nht l cc loi rau n l nh ci
ngt, mng ti, ci b xanh, ci bp, ci tho, rau mung,
kh qua, da leo Trn cc loi tri cy th d lng ng
k nht l nho, sau l to, i, xoi, cam qut. D lng
qu cao cc loi thuc BVTV khng nhng gy nh hng
xu n sc khe con ngi m cn tc ng khng tt
n mi trng. Cc cuc iu tra nghin cu u cho
thy, d lng thuc BVTV trong t lm gim ng k
mt giun t v cc h vi sinh vt, lm cht cua, c
Trc tnh hnh thc t nh trn, vic qun l cht ch
s dng thuc BVTV v tng cng nghin cu, a vo s

dng rng ri cc ch phm sinh hc an ton l vic lm

v cng cn thit v cp bch.

B.

Phn Ni dung

I-Hin trng d lng thuc BVTV trong nng sn

D lng thuc BVTV trn nng sn vt qu mc cho
php hin nay, ang l mt vn nhc nhi ca x hi. Ti
hi ngh v cng tc v sinh an ton thc phm trong ngnh
nng nghip Cc Bo v thc vt (BVTV B NN&PTNT) cng
b kt qu kim tra 25 mu rau ti cc tnh pha Bc, c ti
44% mu rau c d lng thuc bo v thc vt, trong 4%
c hot cht c hi vt qu gii hn cho php.
Kim tra 35 mu rau ti cc tnh pha Nam, Cc BVTV pht
hin ti 54% mu c d lng thuc bo v thc vt, trong
8,6% mu c pht hin c hm lng thuc bo v thc vt
kh nng gy ng c cho ngi s dng.
Ti Bnh Dng, kim tra 228 mu c n 72 mu pht
hin d lng clo v 9 mu c d lng thuc bo v thc vt
vt gii hn. Ti ng Nai, kim tra 495 mu rau, c ti 56
mu c d lng thuc bo v thc vt cao gp nhiu ln tiu
chun cho php. Mt s loi rau thng b pht hin cha nhiu
d lng thuc bo v thc vt nh: Hnh, c chua, u ,
mp ng, da chut...
Ti mt lot va rau ca H Ni nh Thng Tn, Hoi c,
Thanh Tr... tnh trng ti rau bng phn ti hoc ngun nc
b nhim kh ph bin. Khng ch cc loi rau c nh su ho,
khoai ty m ngay c cc loi rau dng n sng nh hnh,
rau dip, rau thm cng c ti bng nhng ngun nc
khng m bo v sinh.

Mt lot vng rau nh xm Hng Thi, Ho Lng, Quang

Trung, Tin Hong, Ph Cc, Ni Thn, ng Thai, N Bn thuc
huyn Thng Tn, hoc va rau thuc huyn Hoi c, thng
c ngay mt h phn g cnh rung rau, bc mi khn khn
khp vng.
Ngc li, ti nhiu rung rau Thanh Tr li c chm
bn bng ngun nc sng T Lch vn khng ch b nhim vi
sinh vt m cn b nhim kim loi nng.
Tnh trng lm dng thuc bo v thc vt cng din ra ph
bin ti cc vng nng thn hin nay. L ra phi m bo
quy trnh v s ngy sau khi phun thuc th ngc li, nhiu
ch rau li tranh th bn ngay rau c... p m. Tuy
nhin, nhn nhng m rau xanh mn mn sau khi c thu
hoch, kh ai c th ng rng nhiu loi trong s c nui
trng bi mt quy trnh rt mt v sinh.
Gn y, mc nng dn s dng thuc BVTV thuc cc
nhm c c cao, chm phn hy nh clor hu c, ln hu
c, carbamate... gim nhiu. Tuy nhin, mt s hot cht
nh methomyl, phenthoate, diazinon, dimethoate, isoproarb,
fenobucarb, benfuracarb, carbaryl, profenophos, methidation...
c c kh cao, nn d mc s dng gim vn to nguy
c cao trn rau qu. S v ng c cp tnh c gim nhng ch
l mt ni ca vn . Phn cn li khng thy c l d lng
tn ti trong rau qu vt qu mc an ton, nh hng lu di
n sc khe.