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Timpurile Verbelor
Timpurile Verbelor
Modul INDICATIV................................................................................................................................................ 3
1) Present tense simple ................................................................................................................................ 3
2) Present tense continuos ......................................................................................................................... 4
3) Present perfect (simple) ......................................................................................................................... 5
4) Present perfect continuos ..................................................................................................................... 6
5) Past tense (simple) ................................................................................................................................... 7
6) Past tense continuous ............................................................................................................................. 8
7) Past perfect simple ................................................................................................................................... 9
8) Past perfect continuous ........................................................................................................................ 10
9) Future Simple ............................................................................................................................................. 11
10) Future Continuous ................................................................................................................................. 11
11) Future Perfect Simple .......................................................................................................................... 12
12) Future Perfect Continuous ................................................................................................................ 12
Modul CONDITIONAL....................................................................................................................................... 13
13) Future in the Past Simple = Conditional Present Simple ....................................................13
14) Future in the Past Continuous = Conditional Present C ......................................................13
15) Conditional Past Simple .................................................................................................................... 14
16) Conditional Past Continuous ............................................................................................................ 14
Modul SUBCONJUNCTIV................................................................................................................................ 15
16. Sunconjunctiv vechi ............................................................................................................................. 15
17. Subconjunctiv prezent ......................................................................................................................... 15
18. Subconjunctiv perfect .......................................................................................................................... 15
19. Subconjunctiv analitic sau perifrasic .......................................................................................... 15
a)
shall / should......................................................................................................................................... 15
b)
may / might............................................................................................................................................ 16
c)
Would....................................................................................................................................................... 16
d)
Could....................................................................................................................................................... 16
NOTA: had better / best / rather...................................................................................................................... 16
FORMA VB+ING................................................................................................................................................. 17
1)
Participiul.............................................................................................................................................. 17
- The Present Participle - activ........................................................................................................................ 17
- The Present Participle - pasiv....................................................................................................................... 17
- The Past Participle -activ........................................................................................................................... 17
- The Past Participle - pasiv............................................................................................................................. 17
2)
Substantiv verbal................................................................................................................................ 17
3)
Gerundiv................................................................................................................................................. 17
Adjectiv verbal............................................................................................................................................... 17
Forma vb+ed................................................................................................................................................... 17
VERBELE MODALE........................................................................................................................................... 18
1) CAN COULD............................................................................................................................................ 18
To able to......................................................................................................................................................... 18
2) Must............................................................................................................................................................. 18
To have to........................................................................................................................................................ 18
3) May Might................................................................................................................................................ 19
To be allowed to, to be permitted to................................................................................................................. 19
To be possible to............................................................................................................................................. 19
4) SHALL SHOULD..................................................................................................................................... 19
5) WILL WOULD.......................................................................................................................................... 19
6) OUGHT TO.................................................................................................................................................. 19
7) Need - Needed.......................................................................................................................................... 19
8) Dare Dared.............................................................................................................................................. 20
9) To be going to........................................................................................................................................... 20
To be to............................................................................................................................................................ 20
To be on the point of + vb-ing.......................................................................................................................... 20
ORDINEA CUVINTELOR IN PROPOZITIE................................................................................................... 20
ZILELE SAPTAMANII:...................................................................................................................................... 21
Ora exacta: ....................................................................................................................................................... 21
Modul INDICATIV
1) Present tense simple - forma :
I, you, we, they - vb.forma1
He, she, it
- vb.forma1+s/es
Se traduce:
A
I
N
vb regulate
I, you, we, they
come
He, she, it
comes
.
Do
I, you, we, they
come
Does he, she, it
come
.
I, you, we, they dont
smoke
He, she, it
doesnt
smoke
vb neregulate
stop
stops
DIATEZA PASIVA
is come / stopped
dupa when, until, while, as nu se foloseste will si nici Present Perfect. Se foloseste Present Simple.
Ex: Putem manca cand vii = we can eat when you arrive.
NOTA: In general se folosec adverbele:
Every day/week/month/year, usually, sometimes, always, rarely, never, often, in the
morning/evening/afternoon, at night, on Monday,
to be + vb.forma1+ing
Timpul prezent = Este acea actiune care se desfasoara in momentul vorbirii Ex: Eu aud
vb regulate
I
am
coming
You
are
coming
He, she, it
is
coming
We
are
coming
They
are
coming
I
Am
I
coming
Are
you
coming
.
N
I
Am not
coming
You
Are not
coming
A
vb neregulate
stopping
DIATEZA PASIVA
is being solved
vb neregulat vb regulat
I, you, we, they have
driven
stopped
He, she, it
has
driven
stopped
..
Have I, you, they
driven
stopped
Has
he, she, it
driven
stopped
.
I, you, they
have not
driven
stopped
He, she, it
has not
driven
stopped
.
DIATEZA PASIVA
have been stopped
DIATEZA PASIVA
have been being stopped
- exprima o actiune inceputa in trecut, care se desfasoara si in prezent, in mod continuu si neintrerupt
Ex.
Ea nu invata de cand ai plecat, = she has not been learning
Ce fac ei de trei ore? = what they have been doing
- se foloseste cand vreau sa marchez durata unei actiuni incepute in trecut
se fol: for, since, how long
Ex: Eu conduc de zile = I have been driving for days
He has been feeling unwell for days.
- se foloseste pt a intreba ceva legat de durata sau in salut
Ex: ce ai mai facut in ultima perioada = what have you been doing lately
- pt a marca aspectul continuu al unei actiuni/stari incepute in trecut
Ex: ai alergat? = have you been running
- actiune inceputa in trecut cu o durata sigura avand efecte/rezultate visibile in prezent
Ex. He has been running. Thats why he is out of breath.
- pentru a exprima furia, iritarea, supararea, explicatia sau critica
Ex. She has been using my make-up
- se foloseste cand vrem sa exprimam politetea.
Ex. I have been wanting
NOTA:
dupa when, until, while, as nu se foloseste will si nici Present Perfect. Se foloseste Present Simple.
Ex: Putem manca cand vii = we can eat when you arrive.
NOTA: In general se folosesc adverbele:
Just, ever, already, yet, always, how long, so far, recently, since, for, today, this week / month,
I
N
Timpul imperfect = Exprima o actiune desfasurata in trecut, dar care continua si in momentul la
care se refera actiunea exprimata de verb. Ex: El venea, descleca
Timpul perfect simplu = Exprima actiunea savarsita in trecut, dar terminata de curand fata de
momentul vorbirii. Ex: El veni, desclec
Timpul perfect compus = Exprima actiuni trecute si terminate mai de mult sau de curand, fara a
preciza timpul cand au fost savarsite. Ex: Eu am ajuns.
Timpul mai mult ca perfectul = Exprima actiuni savarsite in trecut si terminate inaintea altei
actiuni trecute. Ex: El iesise / declecase inaintea plecarii lui
vb neregulat vb regulat
I, you, we, they
came
smoked
He, she, it
.
Did
I, you, we, they
come
smoke
he, she, it
.
I, you, we, they didnt
come
smoke
He, she, it
did not
DIATEZA PASIVA
was stopped
-exprima actiuni incepute in trecut (terminate sau continui) pe care le povestim si le percepem ca incheiate
Ex: I worked within Ropeco, a Romanian company = Am lucrat la Ropeco, o companie romaneasca
- obiceiuri sau stari vechi
Ex. He rode his bike to school every day when he was a child = Cand era copil mergea cu bicicleta
- actiuni sau evenimente incepute in trecut, finalizate care s-au petrecut la un moment din trecut, bine specificat
fol.adv.: last year, yesterday, a week ago, last week
Ex. She sold her car last week
- exprima actiuni incepute in trecut, terminate, fara legatura cu momentul present al vorbirii si care au referinta de
timp mentionata sau sugerata sau subinteleasa
Ex: Statea acolo fara sa se clinteasca = he sited there without budging
Shakespeare wrote at least 36 plays (deci el este mort si nu mai poate scrie)
- exprima actiuni/secvente incepute in trecut care s-au petrecut imediat una dupa alta
fol.adv. : sometimes, often, usually
Ex.
Am raspuns la telefon si i-am auzit vocea = I answered the phone and I heard his voice
She woke up, got out of bed and made a cup of tea
Ne duceam uneori acolo = we sometimes went there
- forma :
I, he, she, it
-was+vb+ing
you, we, they -were+vb+ing
se traduce cu: Timpul imperfect = Exprima o actiune desfasurata in trecut, dar care continua si in momentul la
care se refera actiunea exprimata de verb. Ex: El venea, descleca
Timpul perfect simplu = Exprima actiunea savarsita in trecut, dar terminata de curand fata de
momentul vorbirii. Ex: El veni, desclec
Timpul perfect compus = Exprima actiuni trecute si terminate mai de mult sau de curand, fara a
preciza timpul cand au fost savarsite. Ex: Eu am ajuns.
Timpul mai mult ca perfectul = Exprima actiuni savarsite in trecut si terminate inaintea altei
actiuni trecute. Ex: El iesise / declecase inaintea plecarii lui
vb neregulat vb regulat
I, He, she, it
was
coming
smoking
you, we, they were
.
Was
I, He, she, it
coming
smoking
Were
you, we, they
.
I, He, she, it
was not
coming
smoking
you, we, they were not
A
I
N
DIATEZA PASIVA
was being stopped
- doua sau mai multe actiuni incepute in trecut, desfasurate simultan si cu o durata sigura
Ex. I was washing up while he was drying the dishes
- exprima o actiune desf. in trecut pe o perioada de timp determinata.
- se refera la o actiune inceputa in trecut, care se afla in desfasurare la un moment bine specificat
fol.adv.: yesterday, a week ago, last week.
Ex. La ora 2, ieri scriam o scrisoare = Yesterday at 2 o clock I was writing a letter
De data aceasta sapt trecuta calatoream prin Africa = This time last week I was traveling accross
Africa
- exprima o actiune trecuta aflata in desfasurare si intrerupata de o alta actiune trecuta.
Ex. I was talking a shower when I heard the telephone ring
NOTA:
Cand se folosesc 2 Past Tense Continuous in acea propozitie se arata paralelismul actiunilor. Actiuni
lungi care se desfasoara in paralel. - folosim When, while, as
Ex. Ea citea cand el gatea =She was reading when he was cooking
Cand se folosesc 2 Past Tense Simple in acea propozitie se arata actiuni scurte, una s-a incheiat si a
inceput alta
Ex. Am inchis usa si am bagat cheia in yala
Cand se folosesc Past Tense Continuous si Past Tense Simple in acea propozitie se arata o actiune
lunga (Past Tense Continuous) intrerupta de una scurta (Past Tense Simple)
Ex. Ea citea cand telefonul a sunat.= She was reading when the phone rang - actiune scurta
actiune lunga
O forma specif timpului Past = viitor apropiat (near future in the past). exprima intentia savarsirii
unei actiuni viitoare
1) to be goig to =Past Continuos a vb to go + vb infinitiv = a avea de gand, a intentiona, a fi pe punctul
de a
Ex. Eu voiam sa intreb, eram pe punctul = I was going to ask
Vesnic se pregatea sa porneasca dar niciodata nu se urnea din loc = He was always going to go
and never going
2) to be to =Past Continuos a vb to be + vb infinitiv = a avea de gand, a intentiona, a fi pe punctul de
a cu diferenta ca actiunea a fost planificata / hotarata dinainte
Ex. Urmeaza sa vizitam muzeul duminica = We were being to visit the museum on Sunday
vb neregulat vb regulat
I, you, she he
had
driven
stopped
It, We, they
.
Had
I, you, she he
driven
stopped
It, We, they
.
I, you, she he
had not
driven
stopped
It, We, they
DIATEZA PASIVA
has been stopped
- actiune trecuta ce se petrece inaintea unei alte actiuni trecute sau inainte de o perioada de timp trecute, bine
definita
Ex. Regele era casatorit de mult cand baiatul s-a nascut si a fost botezat = the king had been married for a
long time when the boy was born and baptized
De abia vazu balonul ca si incepu sa deseneze un ceas pana cand impunse cauciucul si balonul se
sparse = He had no sooner seen the balloon than he started drawing a clock on it, until he stung the
rubber and the balloon burst.
Auzisem vestea inainte de a ajunge acasa = I had heard the rumor before to arrive at home
De abia incepusem sa citesc, cand el dadu buzna in odaie = I had scarcely started reading when he
rushed into the room
Catre ora 11 tradusesera intreaga poezie = They had translated the whole poem by 11 oclock
In preajama celei de-a doua zi de tabara el si-a facut mai multi preieteni= By his second day camp he
had made several friends.
- actiuni trecute, incheiate care au efecte visibile in trecut => fol.adv.: before, after
Ex. She felt safer after she had locked all the doors. = Ea se simti in siguranta dupa ce a incuiat usile
- echivalentul trecutului lui Present perfet
Ex. The room was empty, everyone has gone (Present Perfect: The room is empty, everyone has gone)
A
I
N
-exprima o actiune trecuta inceputa inaintea unei alte actiuni trecute dar continuand pe timpul duratei celei de a
doua actiuni.
Ex. Scria de 2 ore cand veni sa o vada cumnata ei = She had been writing for two hours when her sister in
law came to see her.
-exprima o actiune trecuta desf. inaintea unei alte actiuni trecute dar vreau sa insist asupra duratei primei actiuni.
fol. adv.: before, after, when
Ex. Condusesem pt 6 ore si eram f obosit = I had been driving for 6 hours and I was very tired
Past Perfect C
Past Tense C
NOTA: Daca actiunea de referinta este la Prezent ea se coreleaza cu Prezent Perfect= care este actiunea ce
se intampla inainte de actiunea de referinta
Daca actiunea de referinta este la Past Tense ea se coreleaza cu Past Perfect = care este actiunea ce
se intampla inainte de actiunea de referinta
Ex. Aflasem de relatia lor de la John inainte ca ei sa hotarasca sa-mi spuna = I had known about their
affair from John before they decided to tell me actiunea de referinta (Past Tense)
Expresia Used to se foloseste numai la trecut, cand vreau sa arat o actiune care o faceam in trecut si
nu o mai fac deloc/niciodata
Ex. Obisnuiam sa merg cu bicicleta cand eram copil =I used to ride on a bike when I was a child
-shall+vb-forma1
-will+ vb-forma 1
vb neregulat vb regulat
I, we
shall
come
smoke
you, he, she, it, they
will
.
Shall I, we
come
smoke
Will
you, he, she, it, they
.
I, we
shall not
come
smoke
you, he, she, it, they
will not
DIATEZA PASIVA
shall be stopped
- exprima ideea unei actiuni/stari viitoare care se va efectua sigur, viitor de porunca, promisiune si hotarare,
afirma savarsirea unei actiuni viitoare
Ex.
-shall+be+vb + ing
-will+be +vb + ing
nota:
se traduce cu: eu voi fuma
A
I
N
vb neregulat vb regulat
I, we
shall be
coming
smoking
you, he, she, it, they
will
be
.
Shall I, we
be
coming
smoking
Will
you, he, she, it, they
be
.
I, we
shall not be
coming
smoking
you, he, she, it, they
will not be
DIATEZA PASIVA
shall be being stopped
vb neregulat vb regulat
I, we
shall have
come smoked
you, he, she, it, they
will
have
.
Shall
I, we
have come smoked
Will
you, he, she, it, they
have
I, we
shall not
have come smoked
you, he, she, it, they
will not
have
DIATEZA PASIVA
shall have been stopped
- exprima ideea unei actiuni/stari viitoare care se va efectua inaintea unui anumit moment din viitor
Ex.
I shall have returned by ten = ma voi intoarce/ voi fi intors pana la zece
- o actiune/stare presupusa referitoare la trecut
Ex.
You will have heard about it= Vei fi auzit/probabil ai auzit despre asta.
vb neregulat vb regulat
I, we
shall have been
coming smoking
you, he, she, it, they
will have been
.
Shall I, we
have been coming
smoking
Will
you, he, she, it, they
have been
.
I, we
shall not have been coming smoking
you, he, she, it, they
will not have been
DIATEZA PASIVA
shall have been being stopped
- exprima ideea unei actiuni/stari viitoare care va incepe inaintea unui alt moment viitor, in timpul careia actiunea
va continua
Ex.
When he returns we shall have been waiting for him for hours together = Cind (in momentul in care)
se va intoarce (el) il vom fi asteptat cateva ceasuri in sir.
Modul CONDITIONAL
13) Future in the Past Simple = Conditional Present Simple
-forma :
I, we
you, he, she,it, they
-should+vb
-would+vb
nota:
se traduce cu: eu as fuma, voi fuma
vb neregulat vb regulat
I, we
should / would
come
smoke
you, he, she, it, they
should / would
.
Should/would I, we
come
smoke
Should/would you, he, she, it, they
.
I, we
should/would not
come
smoke
you, he, she, it, they
should/would not
A
I
N
DIATEZA PASIVA
should be stopped
(FFF RAR)
14) Future in the Past Continuous = Conditional Present C
forma: - I, we
-should+be + vb + ing
- you, he, she,it, they -would+be + vb + ing
nota:
se traduce cu: eu voi fuma
vb neregulat vb regulat
I, we
should be
coming
smoking
you, he, she, it, they
would be
.
Should be
I, we
be coming
smoking
Would be
you, he, she, it, they be
.
I, we
should not be coming
smoking
you, he, she, it, they
would not be
A
I
N
DIATEZA PASIVA
should be being stopped
I, we
you, he, she,it, they
nota:
se traduce cu: eu as fi fumat
vb neregulat vb regulat
I, we
should/would have come
smoked
you, he, she, it, they
should/would
.
I
S/W
I, we
have come
smoked
S/W
you, he, she, it, they
.
N
I, we
S/W not
have come
smoked
you, he, she, it, they S/W not
have
A
DIATEZA PASIVA
should have been stopped
- exprima ideea unei actiuni/stari a carei realizare a depins in general de indeplinirea unei conditii
Ex.
Ce-ai fi facut daca ai fi fost acolo = What would you have done if you had been there
El te-ar fi sunat = He would have called you
El ar fi trebuit sa te sune = He should have called you
- cu vb care exprima dorinta want, wish, like
Mi-ar fi placut sa locuiesc la tara =I should have liked to live in the country
(FFF RAR)
16) Conditional Past Continuous
forma: - I, we
-should+have been + vb + ing
- you, he, she,it, they -would+have beenbe + vb + ing
nota:
se traduce cu: eu as fi fumat
A
I
N
vb neregulat vb regulat
DIATEZA PASIVA
I, we
should have been coming
smoking should have been being stopped
you, he, she, it, they
would have been
.
Should I, we
have been
coming
smoking
Would you, he, she, it, they
.
I, we
should not have been coming
smoking
you, he, she, it, they
would not have been
NOTA:
- daca 2 propozitii sunt legate cu AND in ambele propozitii se foloseste acelasi TIMP
Modul SUBCONJUNCTIV
Exprima actiuni ireale dar realizabila
FORMA VB+ING
1) Participiul = forma ing are rol de complement si atribut
- The Present Participle - activ
Ex.
Coming = venind
Writing = scriind
Being unable to rise, the girl burst into tears = Nefiind in stare sa se ridice fata a izbucnit ..
He sat by the fireplace, reading = sedea langa camin, citind
The rain falling day and night ceased = Ploaia care cazuse ziua si noaptea inceta
- The Present Participle - pasiv
Ex.
Being beaten = fiind batut
Being sent = fiind trimis
The variety now being cultivated. = Varietatea care se cultiva acum..
Being written to hastily = fiind sris in graba.
Having lived in our country 2 years, he spoke = Intrucat locuise in tara noastra 2 ani, vorbea..
- The Past Participle -activ
Ex.
Having lived in our country 2 years, he spoke = Intrucat locuise in tara noastra 2 ani, vorbea..
- The Past Participle - pasiv
Ex.
Having been read = fiind citit, deoarece a fost citit
Having been reprimanded = fiind certat, deoarece fusese certat
2) Substantiv verbal nu au plural, sunt articulate sau nu, pot fi urmate de prepozitia OF
Ex.
3) Gerundiv constructie specifica limbii engleze, caracterizata de natura dubla de forma verbala si
Ex.
substantivala
Did you hear of his going there = ai auzit de plecarea lui acolo (ca pleca)
He insisted on her coming immediately = El insista (ca ea) sa vina imadiat
Adjectiv verbal
Ex.
A running boy = un baiat care alearga
An encouraging proposal = o propunere incurajatoare
Singing bird = Pasare cantatoare
Forma vb+ed
Ex.
A broken cup =o ceasca Sparta
The sentence underlined = propozitia subliniata
Imported goods = bunuri importate
VERBELE MODALE
-
Present
Echivalent
Inteles
Can
Must
May
Could
-- -Might
A putea
A trebuie
A putea, a avea voie
Shall
Will
Ought to
Need
Dare
Have
Do
Be
Should
Would
-- -Needed
Dared
Had
Done
Been
To be able to
To have to
To be allowed to
To be permitted to
To be possible to
-- --- --- --- --- --
A se putea
A trebuie
A vrea
A trebui, a se cuveni sa
A fi nevoie
A indrazni
A trebuie
Subliniaza necesitatea actiunii
A urma sa, a trebui sa
Ex.
You dont have to cross the street = Nu e nevoie, nu e necesar sa traversezi strada
3) May Might = a putea, a avea voie, a se putea, a fi posibil
MAY - Exprima posibilitatea si o presupunere sugerand ideea de nesiguranta.
Ex.
You may go in now, the lesson is over = Poti merge inauntru, lectia s-a terminat.
May I use your pen? = Pot folosi stiloul tau
It may happen = s-ar putea sa se intample
MIGHT Exprima probabiltaea scazuta de a se intampla ceva, putin probabil
Ex.
It might happen = este f putin probabilsa sa intample
She mght be a sleep = s-ar putea sa doarma, dar nu cred
He might have had an accident = Ar fi putut avea un accident (dar nu l-a avut)
To be allowed to, to be permitted to = cand se acorda permisiunea
Ex.
You may go in now, the lesson is over = Poti merge inauntru, lectia s-a terminat
You are allowed to .
To be possible to = cand exista posibilitatea
Ex.
It may rain today = S-ar pute sa ploua azi
It is possible to .
Dont go in it may be sleep = Nu intra s-ar putea sa doarma
Dont go in it is possible to.
Will Present
Would Past
Nota: used to = arata ca o actiune s-a facut in mod frecvent sau o stare a existat in modobisnuit in trecut, dar
acum s-a incheiat
Ex.
He used to work here = A muncit aici (acum nu)
He used to have a dog = Avea un caine (acum nu mai are)
ZILELE SAPTAMANII:
Luni
Marti
Miercuri
Joi
Vineri
Sambata
Duminica
= Monday
= Tuesday
= Wednesday
= Thursday
= Friday
= Saturday
= Sunday
Ora exacta: