ΔΙΔΑΚΤΟΡΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΗ Θ.ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΟΡΙΔΗΣ PDF

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2011-2012.

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SUMMARY
This study, conducted with a view to both basic hawker critically and to explore
the field of ecclesiastical education profile, attitudes, perceptions and career choices
of students as future graduates as they are formed from the training provided at the
base of motivated educational policy on the other to determine the extent to which
the objectives of education as offered. The survey involved all students of Church
igh schools during the school year 2011-2012.
Following the investigation review was sought and reflected profile, attitudes, and
beliefs across the student population of ecclesiastical education throughout Greece.
At the same time examined the career choices of students and how they are
influenced by the past and all those within the educational policy practiced in every
aspect of student life.

............................................................................................................................ 1
SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 1
.......................................................................................................................... 15
:
......................................................................................................... 17
1o
: ........................................................................... 17
1.1.
................................................... 17
1.2.
- ............................................................. 18
1.3.
& . ............................................................... 20
1.3.1. ............................................................... 20
1.3.2. ......................................................................................................... 21
1.3.3. ................................................................................................................ 22
1.3.4. ................................................................................. 22
1.4.
.............................................................................................. 23
1.5.
......................................................................................... 24
................................................................................. 25
1821-1857 .......................................................................................... 27
1858-1939 ..................................................................................... 30
1940 -1970 ............................................................................................ 35
1971 -1975 ..................................................................................... 36
1976 2011. ................................................................................... 37
1.6.
....... 40
: ......................................... 47
2
2o
: :
............................................................................................................... 47
2.1.
.................................................................................. 47
2.2.

51
2.3.
.......................................................... 56
2.4.
............................................... 59
2.5.
61
2.6.
H . ................ 65
2.7.

................................................................................................................... 67
2.8.
.......................................................................................................... 67
2.9.
(1828-1831)................................................................ 75
2.10. ..... 76
2.11. ....................................... 76
2.12. ................................................... 79
2.13. ............................................ 81
2.14. ............................................................ 84
2.15. ........................................................... 90
2.16. ............................... 91
2.16.1.
..................................................................... 91
2.16.2.
................................................................... 92
2.16.3.
- .................. 92
2.16.4.
.................................................................... 92
2.17.
............................................................................................. 94
3
2.18. .
............................................................................................................... 94
2.19. .
. .................................................................... 104
2.20. ,
.
;................................. 106
2.21. .

113
2.22. ; .. 123
2.23. .................................. 128
2.24.
................................................................................................................ 131
3o
: : .................. 135
3.1.
............................................................................. 135
3.2.
- ............................................................... 135
3.3.
.......................................................................................... 144
3.4.
..................................................................................... 147
3.5.
.................................................................... 149
3.6.
.............................. 150
3.7.
.................... 154
3.8.
............................. 155
3.9.
........... 158
3.10. ......................... 160

3.11. ERIKSON ....................... 161
3.12. ...................... 163
4
3.13. & ..................................................................... 167

3.14. ................... 169
3.15. ... 170
3.16. .............................. 172
3.17. - .............................................................. 175
3.18. & .............................................................. 176
3.19.
................................................................................................................ 181
3.20.
................................................................... 184
3.21. : .......................................... 188
3.22. ................................................... 197
3.23. .............................................................. 198
3.24. ........................................ 204
3.25.
.
.......................... 211
3.26. & .................................. 220
3.27. , & ............................... 222
3.28. ............................................. 226
3.29. ............................................................................ 230
3.30. & ............................................................... 233
3.31. & ................................................................ 233
3.32. & ......................................... 236
3.33. : ........................... 241
3.34. : .................................. 246
5
3.35. ............................................................... 251

3.36. .............................................................. 252
3.37. .................................................................... 255
3.38. ................. 256
3.39. ................................................................................................. 260
3.40. .............................................................................................................. 262
3.41. ................................................................................... 263
3.42. ............................................................................................. 267
3.43. ......................... 268
4o
: : ............... 271
4.1.
.............................................................................................................. 271
4.2.
............................................................... 271
4.3.
..................... 274
4.4.
& .............................................................. 283
4.5.
............................................................ 285
4.6.
& ......................................... 286
4.7.
... 291
4.8.
; .................................................................................................................. 297
4.9.
& ............................................. 299
4.10. ............................................................ 300

4.11. FESTINGER.. 301
4.12. HEIDER ... 306
4.13. KATZ ...................................... 309
4.14. .................................... 313
6
4.15.
PAVLOV .................................................................................................................... 316

4.16. SKINNER ...................... 318
4.17. BANDURA. ... 324
4.18.
.
328
4.19. .................................................................................. 332

4.20. ................................................... 333
4.21.
................................................................................................................. 338
4.22. ...................................................... 341
4.22.1.
( RATING SCALE) ....................................... 341
4.22.2.
THURSTONE (EQUAL APPEARING INTERVALS SCALE)

342
4.22.3.
LIKERT (SUMMATED RATING SCALE) ............................. 344
4.22.4.
(FACTORIAL SCALE) .............................. 345
4.22.5.
GUTTMAN (SCALOGRAM ANALYSIS SCALE) ............... 349
4.22.6.
OSGOOD (SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALE) ............... 350
4.22.7.
BOGARDUS ( SOCIAL DISTANCE SCALE ) ...................... 352
4.23. ............................................................................ 353

4.24. FISHBEIN AJZEN
359
4.25. FISHBEIN
AJZEN................................................................................................................ 362
4.26. ...... 366
4.27. ................................................................................ 370
4.28. .............................................................................................. 374

4.29. . ....................... 375
5o
: : ..... 377
5.1.
..................................................................................................... 377
5.2.
..................................................... 377
5.3.
......................... 380
5.4.
............................................................................. 384
5.5.
............................................................................... 386
5.6.
............................................................................... 391
5.7.
.................................................................................... 392
5.8.
..................................................................................... 393
5.9.
............................................ 397
5.10. ........................................................................ 408

5.11. & ....................................................................................... 411
5.12. & ................................................................. 414
5.13. & ....................................... 417
5.14. ............... 418
6o
: :
............................................................................................................... 420
6.1.
.............................................. 420
6.2.
....................... 423
6.3.
& ....................... 425
6.4.

................................................................................. 428
6.4.1. . ..................... 428

8
6.4.2. ................... 428

6.4.3. HOLLAND...................................................... 431
6.5.
............................................. 434
6.5.1. ANNE ROE ................................................................................. 434
6.5.2. BORDIN
437
6.6.

............................................. 437
6.6.1. BANDURA. ............................................... 437

6.6.2. KRUMBOLTZ ................. 438
6.7.

............................................................... 440
6.7.1. GINZBERG .................................................................................. 440

6.7.2. SUPER ..................... 443
6.7.3. TIEDEMAN OHARA ....................................................... 445
6.7.4.
GOTTFREDSON,
. ..................................................................................................... 446
6.8.

............................................................................................................. 448
6.8.1. BLAU ............................ 448

6.8.2. MUSGRAVE ................................................................................ 450
6.8.3. KENNETH ROBERTS ................................................................ 450
6.9.
.............................................................................. 451
6.10. .................................................................. 457
6.11. ............................................................................................................ 461
9
6.12. ................................................................................................ 463

6.13. ................................................................................... 465
6.14. .................................. 466
: . - .......... 468
7o
: ....................................................... 468
7.1.
........................................................................ 468
7.2.
................................................................................. 469
7.3.
................. 470
8o
: ............................................. 474
8.1.
....................................... 474
8.2.
................................................................... 474
8.3.
.................................................................... 475
8.4.
.................................................................................. 475
9o
: ,
.............................................................................................. 476
9.1.
........................ 476
9.2.
- .................... 477
9.3.
............. 478
9.4.
................................................................................... 478
9.5.
........................................................ 483
9.6.
................................................................... 483
9.7.
.................................................................................. 486
9.8.
- .............................................................. 486
9.9.
........................... 487
9.10. ............................................................ 488

10
9.11. ........................................................................................ 505

:
507
10o
: S.P.S.S.......................................... 507
10.1.
.................................................................................................................. 507
10.1.1.
............................................... 511
10.1.2.
........................................................... 512
10.1.3.
..................... 516
10.1.4.
................................................. 520
10.1.5.
................................ 521
10.2.
522
10.2.1.
....................... 522
10.2.2.
................. 525
10.2.3.
............................................................................... 531
10.2.4.
- ....................................... 534
10.2.5.
. .................. 536
10.2.6.
. ....... 537
10.3.
.................................................................................................................. 540
10.3.1.
............................................................ 540
10.3.2.
................................................... 543
10.3.3.
.................................... 550
11
10.3.4.
......................................................................... 554
10.3.5.
............................................................... 559
10.3.6.
.. 569
10.4.
.................................................................................. 579
10.4.1.
................................... 579
10.4.2.
........................ 580
10.4.3.
............................. 581
10.4.4.
.................................. 583
10.4.5.
........................................................... 586
10.4.6.
.......................................... 588
10.4.7.
............................. 592
10.4.8.
......................................................................... 593
10.5.
............................................................................................................. 595
10.5.1.

595
10.5.2.
...................................................................... 596
10.5.3.
.......................... 598
10.5.4.
................................... 599
10.5.5.
.......................................... 602
10.5.6.
... 606
: ...................................... 615
11o
.......................................................... 615
.......................................................................................................................... 618
12
.................................................................................................................. 619
.................................................................................................................... 664
................................................................................. 664
........................................................................... 665
............................................................................. 666
H .................................................................................. 667
........................................................................................................ 668
KAI ...................................................................... 679
...................................................................................................... 685
- .......................................................... 691
- .............. 692
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1956 Festinger L., Riecken H, Schachter S.,
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.
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.

. ,
,
.
,
( ) 617.
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, .
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.

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619.
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, .
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;
,
'
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Festinger ,
, .
, ,
:

,
, .
, ..
, ,
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.
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+2
-1
+2
-1
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-2
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-3
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,
,
, ,

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cowboy

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315
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PAVLOV
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'
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-
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, , ,
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A. Bandura Social Learning Theory 1971

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.
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325
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, , , ,
.
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,
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/ .
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STAATS & STAATS
LOTT
DOOB
,
,
,
,
,
,,
,
,,
,
,,
BEM (SELF- ATTRIBUTION

)
,
,
ATTRIBUTION TO OTHERS
,
,

FISHBEIN
EDWARDS
ROSENBERG

HEIDER ( BALANCE

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OSGOOD & TANNENBAUM
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FESTINGER ( DISSONANCE
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.
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653.
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.
, ( ),
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,

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, ,
, .

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9
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,
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, .

, .
, ,
, .

. ,
, .

,
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. ,
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656
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, .
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660 . & ., (2002), , , , .
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. ,
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, 15C. , 0C
, .
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.
, (
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,
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.
, .
,
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.
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,
663.
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. .
29:

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, (intercorrelations) .
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663
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338
,
.
(reproducibility),
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664.
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.
(linearity)
, .
2 .
(reliability)

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, .

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.
. ' ,

.
664
665
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.
(content validity)

,
, .
(predictive validity)

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(concurrent validity)
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, ,
.
,
(construct validity). ' ,

,
. ,
, .

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.
, 666.
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THURSTONE
LIKERT
GUTTMAN
OSGOOD
BOGARDUS
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-,
.

.
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.

,
, ( )
( ) 667.

(0 ..1 2),
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/.
2 10 ,
2 5 (Steiner Norman
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,
,
668.

,

.
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"" "."

.
.
,

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.
.
.

.
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.
.
.

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.
. ""
. "" .
.
. , ,
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, ,
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) ,
,

.
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. 1 11
.
)
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.
)
.
) '

.
)
672.
) 673.
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, ,
674.
4.22.3. LIKERT (SUMMATED RATING SCALE)
Thurstone Guttman Likert

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,
( ),
( ).
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, Likert
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4.22.4. (FACTORIAL SCALE)
676
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345
,
677.

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678.

679.

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,
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Harman H., 1976, Modern Factor Analysis, 3 edition revised University Of Chicago Press, Chicago, 3-6.
679 http://www.chem.uoa.gr/publications/Analytical/sample_F.pdf
680 , http://www.psych.uoa.gr/~roussosp/stats/Factor_Analysis1.pdf
677
678
346
,
.
:
(general factor),
(group factor),
(specific factor), .
,
, (common factors) 681.
:
(Exploratory
Factor
Analysis)

.
London University College Charles Spearman 1904
General Intelligence, Objectively Determined and Measured682.
(Confirmatory Factor Analysis )

()
( )

(correlation matrix)
683.
'
,

.
(correlation matrix),
684.

.
(..
).
., (2002) , , , , 51-53.
Spearman C., (1904), General Intelligence, Objectively Determined And Measured, American Journal Of Psychology 15,
201-293.
683 , http://www.psych.uoa.gr/~roussosp/stats/Factor_Analysis1.pdf
684 ., (2002) , , , , 51-53.
681
682
347
:
(Factor Analysis)
(Principal Components Analysis)
(Principal Components Analysis), o
(, )

. (components)

(Factor Analysis), o
.
(factors).
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
(items) ().
,

.
.

( ) .
:
(orthogonal)

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(oblique)

Direct, Oblimin, Promax, Quartimin.
(Factor Loadings)
( ).
.
348
. 0.30.
(
) 685.

,
.
,
.
,
,
(sub-scale)

' .
. ,
686.
4.22.5. GUTTMAN (SCALOGRAM ANALYSIS SCALE)
Guttman ,
Cornell, Luis Guttman
A Basis for Scaling Qualitative Data.
Guttman
. ,

. ,
,
.
Guttman
.
"/" . .

687.
, http://www.psych.uoa.gr/~roussosp/stats/Factor_Analysis1.pdf
., (2002), , , , , 51-53.
687 http://changingminds.org/explanations/research/measurement/guttman_scale.htm
685
686
349
10 4 ,
4 , ,
.

. , scalogram
688

. Guttman
scalogram 689. Guttman ...
"scalogram,"
690.
Guttman

.
:
1) .
2) .
3) .
4) .
5) 691.

4,3,2,1.
'
(scalogram).

(scalogram analysis)
(scalability) 692
4.22.6. OSGOOD (SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALE)
(Semantic
differential
scale)
Indiana
Charles Osgood George Suci, Percy Tannenbaum.
scalogram .
Trochim W.& Donnelly J., (2006), The Research Methods Knowledge Base, 3 edition, Atomic Dog Publishing, Mason,
Ohio, . 3,4,5.
690 Guttman L.,(1944), A Basis for Scaling Qualitative Data, American Sociological Review, Vol. 9, No. 2, 139.
691 http://changingminds.org/explanations/research/measurement/guttman_scale.htm
692 ., (2002) , , , , 56.
688
689
350
.

(. Wolfram &
Fasold 1997).
:
;
, ,
, . 693
.

,
.
Osgood, Suci Tannenbaum
7 6 .
, .

694.
Osgood
.
,
, :
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
6 .
7 .
., (2001), . , , , . 186-191.
Osgood C., Susi J.,Tannenbaum P., (1957), The Measurement of Meaning, Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press
29, 83.
693
694
351

.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
,
695.
4.22.7. BOGARDUS ( SOCIAL DISTANCE SCALE )

( Social Distance Scale )
California Emory
Bogardus. ,
.
,
, , ,
,
.
, ,
, , .
,
(

).
,

696.
Bogardus . ,

. .
.

Albarracn D., Johnson B., Zanna M., (2005), The handbook of attitudes, Lawrence Erlbaum , 33.
Marshall G.,( 2009) "Bogardus social distance scale." A Dictionary of Sociology, 1998, Encyclopedia.com.
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695
696
352
.
697.
4.23.

.
.

. ,
;

698;
. Allport
.
1934 o Richard La Piere, Attitudes vs actions,
social forces ,
, 1928,
699. La Piere

.
, 1930, La Piere
.
- .
,
. , 66
, cmpings, .
, 184 cafe.
,
. La Piere

. .
La Piere
Bogardus E., (1925), Measuring social distance, Journal of Applied Sociology, 9, . 299-308.
., ( 1995 ), , , , , , 133.
699 La Piere, R., (1934), Attitudes versus actions. Social Forces, 13, . 230-237
697
698
353
. La Piere 6
251
2 , "
;"
. ,
, ,
(, , , , ..).
, 128 81
, cafe 47 , campings,
, 92% 91% .
( )
.
La Piere
32 96
.
. 92%
. o La Piere

.

(., ). La Piere
"
",

. La Piere
""
,

. La Piere, "
, ,
, , ,
"700.
, -,
'50 , ,
Dockery . & Bedeian A.,(1989), Attitudes versus actions": La Piere's (1934) classic study revisited, Social Behavior and
Personality, 17 (I), 9-16 Society for Personality Research, Louisiana State University, 11.
700
354
- .
Wicker (1969)
.
, Mischel (1968)
,

.
-
:
,
,

.
La Piere
'60,
o.
Claremont, Alan Wicker. Wicker 1969, 47

- 0,3,
. McGuire (1985).
Wicker

701.
-
-
. Wicker
,
. ,
,
, , ..
,
, , ,
,

Wright . & Kln ., (1998), Environmental Attitude Behaviour Correlations in 21 Countries, Journal of Empirical
Generalisations in Marketing Science, Volume 3, . 42
701
355
, ,
, ..
, Wicker,
702.
1990 Harvard Stephen Kraus
. Wicker (1969)
McGuire (1985). 83
(ABC) r = 0,38 .
Kraus
,
703.

.
ABC
:
,
- ,

, :
() ,
() ,
() ,
() .
,
, (.. Ajzen
Fishbein, 1977, McGuire, 1985)
Kraus .
Kraus , ,
.
Robert East Kingston
- 704
702
., ( 1995 ), , , , , , 133-134.
Kraus S., (1990), Attitudes and the Prediction of Behavior: Meta-analysis. Paper presented at the Annual Convention
of the American Psychological Association (98th, ) Boston, 6.
703
704
East R., (1992), Changing Consumer Behaviour, London: Cassell Educational Limited, . 66.
356
Gordon Foxall Cardiff

:
,
,
,
705.
Foxall " ,
( )
.

706.

,
attitude-behaviour gap attitude-action gap value-action gap
() - , - 707.

Ajen & Fishbein .
Washington Anthony
Greenwald '70 '80

. , Martin Fishbein Icek Ajzen
,
() ,
()

()
.
, Russell Fazio,
, , ,
() ,
() .
Hini D., Gendall P., & Kearns Z., (1995), The Link between Environmental Attitudes and Behaviour, Marketing Bulletin,
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706 Foxall, G.,(1983), Consumer Choice. London: Macmillan; New York: St Martins, 3.
707 Anable J., Lane B., & Kelay T.,(2006), A review of public attitudes to climate change and transport: summary report, The
Department for Transport, 9.
705
357
Fishbein - Ajzen Fazio

,
-. -

708.
Ajzen . ,
.

,
, .

.
Fazio (1990) Mode
. , ,
. ,
,

709.

, ,
(.. Al-Khaldi & Al-Jabri 1998, Davis 1993, Beckers &
Schmidt 2003, Brosnan 1999, Chen et al. 2002, Chua et al. 1999, Coffin & Maclntyre
1999, Gaudron & Vignoli 2002, Mcllroy et al. 2001, Potosky 2002, Selwyn 1999, Tsai et
al. 2001, Wilfong 2004) 710.
,
711.
Greenwald A., Attitudes Predict Behavior Toward Their Objects Pratkanis A., Breckler S., Greenwald A., (1989),
Attitude Structure and Function, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2.
709 Ajen I., & Cote Gilbert N., Attitudes and the prediction of behavior Crano W., & Prislin R., (2008) Attitudes and
attitudes change New York Psychology Press 305.
710 .,(2006), -,
, , , , 23.
711 Chronopoulos, A. & Chronopoulou, A. (2003), Attitudes and Behaviour of Individual against the Application of Distance
Education, Lemessos, Cyprus, 29th transparency of presentation.
708
358
4.24. FISHBEIN AJZEN

(Theory of Reasoned Action TRA)
1967 Icek Ajzen
Massachusetts Martin Fishbein Illinois.
1970
. 1980
. 1988
,
(Theory of Planned Behavior TPB)
Ajzen ,
712.
Fishbein
.

.
,
. ,
,

.
713.
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Ajzen I. & Fishbein ., (1980), Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior, Facsimile edition, Prentice Hall,
5.
712
713
359
31 : FISHBEIN
AJZEN

,

714. Fishbein Ajzen
Ajzen I. & Fishbein ., (1980), Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior, Facsimile edition, Prentice Hall,
62.
714
360

. :
' ,
'
.
.
,
.
,
,
, ,
,
.
,
, ,
.
. , ,
, ,
, .
, ,
.
, . Ajzen
Fishbein , , ,
.

,
. Ajzen Fishbein
, , ,
715.
Fishbein Ajzen (1975) ,

716.
715
., ( 1995 ), , , , , , 134-136.
Howarth C., (2006), How Social Representations of Attitudes Have Informed Attitude Theories, Theory & Psychology,
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716
361
4.25. FISHBEIN
AJZEN
To 1988 (Theory of Planned Behavior

TPB), .
Ajzen
. '
,

(Ajzen, 1991;181).
Ajzen
,
(Perceived Behavioral Control).

,
. ,
.

, , ,
(volitional control). Ajzen

,
,
.717

,
., 2005, ,
, , ,
, . 99-100.
717
362
32 :
FISHBEIN AJZEN
Ajen
718
. (Behavior)
(Intention),
.
(Attitudes Toward the Behavior),
( Subjective Norme), (Perceived
Behavioral Control).
, (Behavioral),
(Normative ) ( Control beliefs ).
(Attitudes toward the Behavior Subjective
Norm], (Intention)
(Behavior).
(Perceived Behavioral Control)

,
,
,
,
(Actual Behavioral Control). ,

,
718
http://courses.umass.edu/psyc661/index.html
363
,
719.

[Attitude toward the Behavior)
,
(Perceived
Behavioral Control)

720.
(Behavior) :
.

,
,

( ).
(Behavioral Intention) :

, .
Azjen,
:
1. ( )
2. ( )
3. (
).

:
,

. O

.
., 2005, ,
, , ,
, . 99-100.
720 Ajen I.,(1991), The theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and human Decision Processes, vol 50, issue
2, 188-189.
719
364
(Actual behavioral control )

.
(Attitudes toward the Behavior)
.

.
( Subjective Norm ):
.
( )
.

.

. , ,
.
(Perceived Behavioral Control):
.

.
.

(
).

.

.
Behavioral
eliefs
):
.
(Normative Beliefs):
.
.
.
365
(Control Beliefs )
.
4.26.

Interpersonal behavior 1977
Illinois
.
33 :
.

,
, .
,
,
.
.
, ..
366
,
.

. Schachter
, , ,
, , ,
. ,
,
721.
.
, .
, , .

ABC Stern's .
Stern's (2000)
:
1)
2)
3)
4) .
Stern

"" .
721
., ( 1995 ), , , , , , 137-138.
367
34 :

.
.
, Triandis
- -
.
, .
.
, ,
:
,
,
.
368

.
.
,

. ,
.
.
"
" (Triandis, 1977).
,

.

. ,

(Bagozzi et al, 2002, Steg et al, 2001).

. ,

.
Ajzen
Fishbein. , ,
Ajzen Fishbein ,
722.
Ajzen Fishbein.
722
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,
. , ,
, 723.

.

.

.
, .
,
, ..

,
, .724.

. ,

.

.

,
.
: ' , '
' .
723
724
., ( 1995 ), , , , , , 122.
165.
370
C. Hovland
Yale, .
Hovland
: 725
35:

. 5
French and Raven's726.
,
,
, (
)
,
., ( 1995 ), , , , , , 169.
French, J.P.R. Jr., & Raven, B. ,(1960), The bases of social power Cartwright D. & Zander A. (eds.), Group
dynamics New York: Harper and Row, 607-623.
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725
726
371

,
,

,
,
,
, ,
, ,
.
,
.
. ,
.

. Freedman
.
.
.
.
.
727.

.

728.
Daryl Bem's
729
- (self-perception theory) ,

730.
., ( 1995 ), , , , , , 122, 186.

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728
372

,
.
,
.
,

. ,

,
.731
Smith, Dijksterhuis Chaiken Leiden, Amsterdam
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( Zajonc, 1968).
.

(e.g., Bargh, Chaiken,
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, .
(Fazio et Al, 1995).
,

, .
( Fazio, 1995),
,
(Holland et al., 2003). ' ,

732.
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.
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, (
), ( ),
( ).

,
734.
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.

, (
).
.
(..,
) ,
( ) 735.
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' :
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.
2.
.
3. :
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, , ,
, 23.
734 Lindenmann W.,(2002), Guidelines for measuring the effectiveness of PR programs and activities. Gainesville, FL: The
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733
374
Heider.
Katz
.
Pavlov.
Skinner
Bandura
4.29.
110

.

.
1 30
, (. 4.1 4.9)
.

:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
40
(. 4.10 4.18)
. (
) ,
.
Martin Fishbein, Icek Aizen
Illinois Massachusetts Belief, Attitude, intention, and behavior:
An introduction to theory and research, reading, (, ,
: , )

375

( . , ,
) .
23 (. 4.19
4.22.7)

,
.
17
(. 4.23 4.27)

.

,
27
.
( )

.
,
.
,
Aizen Fishbein

.
.
376
5o
: :
5.1.
, 736.
5.2.
,
.
, , .
,
. H
(perception) perceptio, percipio,
, , ,
737.
Barber Legge Perception and Information ,
, ,
738.

,
739.
,
, .

740.
.
,
, .
David Statt Graduate School of International Business
- Bristol (perception)

, .,(2002) , , , .
Oxford English Dictionary: The definitive record of the English language
738 Barber, P.J. & Legge D. (1976) Perception and Information. London: Methuen.
739 Cassells . Green P., (1999), , , , .,
, , 7.
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736
737
377

741.
1619 ,
, , Robert Fludd.

. ,
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,
.
,
.
, ,

,
.
,

. , ,
.
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, .

, ,
.
,
. ,
( ) .
,

,
.

, ,
742.
( perceptual defence ) ,
,
743.

.
,

744.

,
.
.
,
.
, (2002), , 3, . & ., 126.

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744 Article from Britannica Concise Encyclopedia.
742
743
379
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745.
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Allport
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.

.
,
.
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.

:
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. Gilchrist Nesberg (1952) ,

.
.
.
, .
,

.
.
.
,
.

, .
.
,
.
. Schafer Murphy (1974)
( 35),
.
, ,
(), .
. ,
.
38 :
381
. McGinnies (1949) ,
,
* (
).
,
.

.
. Bruner
Goodman (1947).
,
.
, (
).
Bruner Goodman

, .
. Witkin et al. (1954)

.
,
, , 747.
,
.
' , Delacroix,
, .
, , , .
, ,
,
.
,
Cassells . Green P., (1999), , , , .,

, , 7.
747
382
. ,
, ,
.
,
, ,
,
, 748.
, -
.
-
-
().
, , ,
.
.
.
-
().

.
, , . ,

.

.
.
, .
-
,
.

, ,
., (1983), , , ,
, 13,16.
748
383
,
.
H
.
.

.

. ,
.

( ) (overt orienting)
((covert
orienting)
( )

749.
5.4.
, ' ' ,
' , ,
,

.
:
.
, , .
, .
, .
: . ,
,
. .
Amso D., (2010), Perceptual Development: ttention, Encyclopedia of perception Goldstein ruce, Sage Publications,
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, . '

, , .
: ,

;

.
, , . '
, ,
,
.
39 : TA
:
,
.
, ,
, ,
, . ,
385
H. Wallon
, .
:
, ,
' '
. ' -
, 750.
5.5.

,
:
40 :
1.
' ,
751 .

, ' , ,
., (1983), , , ,
, 16-20.
751 (.): , , . (2002), ,
, .
750
386
, ' , .
, .
.. , , ,
.
' . ,
, ,
.
2.
,
, .
,
,
, .
,
. Warnock
Cleared,
. ,
,
Warnock,
.
Norwood Russell Hanson Yale ,
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realism SDR)
( )
.
.
) (broad representative theory
BRT)

. ,
,
Hanson N., (1970), Perception and Discovery: An Introduction to Scientific Inquiry , Freeman, Cooper & Co., 1969
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752
387

.
) (idealism I )

.

753.
, ,
, .

,
.
, .
. , . ,
,
, .
.
,

. , ,
, .
, , , .,
: , ,
,
.
.

.
.
753
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, .
) : -
.
) : -
,
.
41 :

,
,
,

,
389
,
.
:

,
,
. ,
.
,
,
, ,
,
. ' ,
754.
3.
( )755
,
, .
.
' . ,
'
. Blonde :
, .
, ,
' .
,
, ,

756.
, (2002), , 3, . & ., 126.

() :
.
756 ., (1983), , , ,
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754
755
390
5.6.
42 :
,
. ,
,
.
, , ,
, .
,
, ,
, , -
757.
., (1983), , , ,
, 35-36.
757
391
5.7.
. John Locke
(1632-1704).
(tabula rasa - ),
. Locke

.

. ,

.
.
. :
,
.
. 758
.

.
mmanuel Kant (1724-1804). Kant
,
,
.
, . Kant
(a priori) (
, ). Kant,
-
, -
. ,
Kant, a priori .
,
759.
= .
Cassells . Green P., (1999), , , , .,
, , 39.
758
759
392
5.8.
760

.
, ,
.
, ,
,
, .

,
761.
,
, ,
, .

.

762.
Herbert Feigl Minnesota

763
,
.
[] .
.
.
, 1940-60.
, .
. ,1999, , , 6
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762 ., (1999), , , 6
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, ()

. [ ]

,
.
43:
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, ,
"" ""
.
.

,
.
764.
764 Feigl
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.
,

,
.
, ,

.
.
'

.

.
,
,
.

, ,

.
, .
, ,
, .
Feigl
,

,
,
, Feigl
.

,

395

, ,
.

,
,
.
.
,
,

.

.
,
()
.
,
, .
,
.

.

.

, , .

,
765.
.

765
, (2002), , 3, . & ., 127.
396
,

.

.

.
,

, .
William Fish Massey
.

.

.

766.
5.9.
(self-concept)
,
1980 ,
(Blascovich & Tomaka, 1991. Byrne, 1996a.
Harter, 1983,1999. Hattie, 1992. Wylie, 1979,1989).
(Burns, 1979. Byrne, 1996a. Hansford & Hattie, 1982. Harter, 1999.
Shavelson, Hubner, & Stanton, 1976. Wells & Marwell, 1976. Wylie, 1974, 1979, 1989)
. ,
Shavelson, Hubner Stanton (1976)
.

Fish W.,(2010), Philosophy of Perception. A Contemporary Introduction, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, New
York, 1, verview.
766
397
: self-concept self-esteem (Bracken. 1996. Byrne, 1996a. Hoge, Smit, &

Crist, 1995. King, 1997). 767

self-concept self-esteem .
self-concept self, selfestimation,
self-identity,
self-image,
self-perception,
self-consciousness,
self-
imaginary, self-awareness.
self-esteem self-regard, self-reverence, self- accepting, self-respect and selfworth, self-feeling, and self-evaluation. selfactualization, self-control, self-complacency, and self-knowledge.
768!

, , .
769.
H Purkey 1988
( )
,
,
770.
,
.
..
..771.
-
. ,
, , .
- ., (2008), . , , &
, 6 , , , 15.
768 Hattie J., (1992), Self-Concept, The University Of Western Australia, Publishers Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,
1992 Hillsdale, New Jersey Hove And London, vii.
769 Lopez M.,(1972), Bilingual-biculturar education and the self-concept of Mexican-American children. Ph.D. dissertation,
Wayne State University, 13-14.
770 Purkey, W., (1988), An overview of self-concept theory for counselors. ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and
Personnel Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. (An ERIC/CAPS Digest: ED304630). Retrieved December 2009, from
http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/files/selfconc.html
771 ., (1994), ,
,
, 46.
767
398
.
772.
, (self-concept)
,
(Brinthaup & Erwin, 1992. Burns, 1982,
. 25. Byrne, 1996a, . 5-7. Harter, 1986, 1999, . 3-5. Hattie, 1992. Marsh, 1990a.
Shavelson & Marsh, 1986. Shavelson et al., 1976. Watkins & Dhawan, 1989.
& , 2000).
(self-perception) (self-image)
(self-esteem) (global self-worth).

, .

.

.
, ,
,
( ), (
) ( ) 773.
, James Cooley,

,
, , . James
. James,

. ,
. ,
,

. ,
-
. ,
., (1996), , , , .
- ., (2008), . , , &
, 6 , , , 19.
772
773
399

, 774.
,
,
, , , ,
.

775.
776
, , ,
777
44:
:
Harter S. & Whitesell N., (2001), On The Importance Of Importance Ratings In Understanding Adolescents' Self-Esteem:
Beyond Statistical Parsimony Riding R. & Rayner S., (2001), Self Perception. International Perspectives on
Individual Differences, volume. 2, Praeger edition, USA, 3.
775 ., (1989), , .
., , , 6.
776 Cohen A., Fink S., Gadon H., Willits R.,(1992), Effective Behavior in Organizations. 5th edition, Homewood, Editor
Richard D. Irwin, Inc, USA, 8-3, 213.
777 Barnett C., (1999), Perception, Self-concept, and Impression Management, University of New Hampshire, Whittemore
School of Business & Economics Department of Management, learning notes of Organizational Behavior .
774
400
(Goals) :

(..,
, , ).

(Competencies):
,
.
(Beliefs):

(Values) : ,
, , .
;
, , ,
.

(, 1989,
.49 Argyle, 1973, . 356) 778.
.
779.
Burns (1982, . 4),
,
.

. Kinch
(1963),

. James Beane National College of Education Madison
Wisconsin Richard Lipka Center of educational services, Evaluation and
Research Pittsburg Kansas o ,
,
,
., (2007), .,
E B, .6, M 2007, 58.
779 ., (1983), . . ,
, 7.
778
401
,
.780
Higgins (1987, 1989),
:
(actual self),
.
(ideal self),
.
(ought self),
.
-
45 :
.
, ,
. ,
,
,
,
(Wattenberg Clifford 1962).

(Purkey 1970, Canfield Wells 1976, ..).
780
Beane J. & Lipka R., (1986), Self-Concept / Self-Esteem and the Curriculum, New York : Teachers College Press, 5.
402
, ,
,
,
. , ,
,

. -
781.

782.
46 :
., (1989), , .
., , , 7.
782 Purkey W., (1970), Self- concept and School Achievement, Edition Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 15.
781
403
46 Shavelson, Hubner
Stanton (1976),
(general self-concept)
,
-.
. ,
Shavelson
.
.
,
. ,
,

(Marsh & Hattie, 1996, . 58-59. Marsh & Yeung 1998.
Shavelson
47 : SHAVELSON, HUBNER
STANTON
,
,
.
404
' general selfconsept self-worth (Byrne, 1996a, .

xviii. Harter, 1999, . 5) self-esteem (Byrne & Shavelson, 1987,
370. Harter, 1999, . 5, 126. Marsh & Hattie, 1996, . 74).
( general selfconsept )
,
.

.
Marsh (Hattie, 1992,
98. Marsh, 1986. Marsh & Hattie, 1996, . 75-78. Marsh & Yeung, 1998)
.

,

.

,
, ,
(
).

,

.

, .
Burns (1979)
, :

.

.
405
,
.

783.
Shavelson, Hubner, Stanton
Herbert Marsh, 1986
1000
Marsh/Shavelson 784.

H. W. Marsh & B. M. Byrne, 1988
.
SC= , .
,

785.
J. Hattie I. Song 786 Shavelson, Hubner
Stanton
:
,

:
,

.
:

.
., (1989), , .
., , , . 28.
784 Marsh H., Byrne B., Shavelson R., (1986), The Hierarchical Structure of Academic Self-Concept :The Marsh/ Shavelson
Model, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Canada, Ottawa (Ontario), paper.
785 Marsh H, (1990), The Structure of Academic Self-Concept: The Marsh/Shavelson Model , Journal or Educational
Psychology, Vol. 82, No. 4, American Psychological Association, Inc. New South Wales, Australia 623-636.
786 Hattie J., (1992), Self-Concept, The University Of Western Australia, Publishers Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1992
Hillsdale, New Jersey Hove And London, 84.
783
406
:

.
1999 400 Russell Waugh
Edith Cowan
Hattie I. Song
787.
William Huit Valdosta State Georgia
, , .

: , , ,
, . ; ;
; .

,
.
48 :
Waugh R.,(1999), Test of a multi-faceted, hierarchical model of self-concept, Edith Cowan University, Paper presented at
the Australian Association for Research in Education Conference held in Melbourne, Australia.
787
407
:

, , ,
, .

788.

789.
,
(Stryker, 1959, . 116 Burns, 1982, . 164).
,
,
' (Videbeck, 1960, . 358 Coopersmith, 1967, . 123).
,

(Docking, 1980, . 126 Burns,1982, . 200) 790
5.10.
M. Rosenberg (1965, 1979) , ,

, .
. :
( social comparison processes),
(reflected appraisals), (psychological centrality)
(personal attributions for success
and failure).
Huitt, W., (2009), Self-concept and self-esteem. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State
University, Retrieved July 2010 from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/regsys/self.html
789 802
790 .,( 2007), ,
E B, .6, M 2007, 59.
788
408
49 :
,
( , ).
,
,
( ..
)
(.. ).
. -
,
, -
( ).
, ,
, ,
.
Sullivan .
Cooley ,

409
, .
791 (significant others).
Mead, (generalized other),

( , )
. ,
,

,
.
- ,
Rosenberg, .
-
(self-values).
: []

,
. Rosenberg,
, , :
) ,
)
) .
, ,
,
(Weiner 1990).

, ,
(..
) 792.
799
., , (1997), ,
Gutenberg, 240 - 243 ., (2008),
, ,
, , , 18-19.
791
792
410
5.11.
&
, Burns (1982, . 3),

.
(, 1993):
,
-,
.

,

,
(Burns, 1982, . 29) .

, ,
(Canfield Wells 1976, . 1).

, ,
' .

, , .
,

. Healey (1969),

793.
., (1989), , .
., , , 6-7.
793
411
50 :
Denis Lawrence
Illinois
()
.
: (), ()
().

794

(self-image), ,
(ideal self ), )
(self-esteem),

795.
794
Lawrence D., (2006), Enhancing Self-Esteem in the Classroom, 3rd edition, Sage Publications Ltd, 2-3.
: Lawrence D., (2006), Enhancing Self-Esteem

in the Classroom, 3rd edition, Sage Publications Ltd, 2-3.
795
412

, :
51 :
:
.
: '
().
:
.

, ,
(Burns, 1982, .
1)796.
- ., (2008), . , , & ,
6 , , , 20.
796
413
5.12.
&
.

,
(Dembo 1977, . 81).
,
,

,
, ,
.
52 :
.
,
,
,
.
,
, , 797.

797
., (1989), , .
., , , 6,7.
414

.798

799.

12
IV SelfPerception Profile for Adolescents Susan Harter 800 :
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
., (1983), :
, 122, . 44.
799 ., (1996), , , . 101.
Harter S., (1988), Manual for the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents., Denver, CO: University of Denver Press.
798
415
53 :
.

.
.

.
-
.
-.

.
416
.
,
.
.
,
,
.
Huserl
801 , ,
, ,
802.
5.13.
&

; - ,
,
- ,

.
;
,
.

.
K Esat Alpay Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine

,
.

,
.
,
,
.
, ,
.
802 ., (2006), .,
, ., , 45.
801
417

. ,
803.
5.14.
5
,
. 45
,
, ,
,
,

.
:

;

;
32
, Susan Harter 804
,
Self-Perception
Profile for Adolescents .

:
-

-

Alpay E., (2000), Self-concept and self-esteem., Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology,
Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince Consort Road, London Educational Psychology
Interactive: Readings in Educational Psychology, (Ed. W.G. Huit, Valdosta State University, GA).
803
804
Harter S., (1988), Manual for the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents., Denver, CO: University of Denver Press.
418
-
-
-

,
, .

523

.
419
6o
: :
,
.
,
.

,

20 .

,
805.

.
. .
.
, ,
.
806.
6.1.
807.
808.

. , ,
. ,
Bordin E., Nachman ., Segal S.,(1963), An Articulated Framework for vocational development., Journal of counseling
Psychology, v. 10, 107 118.
806 Figler H., & Bolles R. N. (1999). The Career Counselor's Handbook. Berkley, CA: Ten Speed Press, .39.
807 . & ., (1991), , , ,
, , . 1.
808 ., (2007), , , , . 186.
805
420

809.

, , 810.

,
,
.

811.

.
, , . ,

812 .

, ,
,
, , , , .
.
.
) ,
, ) ,
)

813.
, ., (1998), , , , . 11.
Jackson ., ( 2000), Career development, Publishing CIPD, VIII.
811 . & ., (1991), , , ,
, , . 1.
812 . & ., (2007), 14-18 ,
http://epapanis.blogspot.com/2007/09/14-18.html
813
.,
,,
:
http://www.baby.gr/index.cfm/doc/207/cat/2.
809
810
421

.
, ,
, , ,
,
, -
.
Giddens
(fateful moments).
. ,

, ,
-
814.
,
,
, ,

. , ,
,

815.
,
, .

,

.
, ,
- Hardy . & ., (2007), : ,

, , ,
: ., 119.
815 . & ., (1991), , , ,
, , . 2.
814
422

816.
6.2.

. :
,
,
.

,

.

, 15
,

, .
:
1)
,
2) ( ) (Kuder, )
,
3) ( )

(the right man in the right place).
( )
,
. .
.

,
. & ., (1991), , , ,
, , . 4,5.
816
423
,
.

.

.
, .

, ,
,
,
.
Blau '
:

.
:

.
,
' Blau, ,
.

.
, ,
, , , ,
..
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.
.
, ,
424

.
.

.

.
.
.

.

. ' ,
, ,

, .

' .
, ,
, .
' 817.
6.3.
&
12

.

.
,
,
817
., (2005), , , , , 261-263.
425
,
, .

,

.
12 :
AUTHORS
CRITES (1969)
OSIPOW
(1968)
HERR & CRAMER

(1992)
OSIPOW &
FITZGERALD (1996)
OSIPOW (1990)
MINOR (1992)
PATTON &
MCMAHON (1999)
CATEGORIES
PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES
NON-PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES
TRAIT AND FACTOR APPROACHES
SOCIOLOGY AND CAREER CHOICE
SELF-CONCEPT THEORY
VOCATIONAL CHOICE AND

PERSONALITY THEORIES
TRAIT AND FACTOR
ACTUARIAL OR MATCHING
DECISION
SITUATIONAL OR SOCIOLOGICAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND
DEVELOPMENTAL
TRAIT-FACTOR
SOCIETY AND CAREER CHOICE
DEVELOPMENTAL/SELF-CONCEPTIONS
VOCATIONAL CHOICE AND

PERSONALITY
BEHAVIOURAL
DEVELOPMENTAL
TRAIT ORIENTED
REINFORCEMENT BASED
PERSONALITY FOCUSED
THEORIES OF CONTENT
THEORIES OF PROCESS
THEORIES OF CONTENT
THEORIES OF PROCESS
THEORIES OF CONTENT AND PROCESS
WIDER EXPLANATIONS
, ,

426
.

.

818.
13 : &

HOLLAND

ANNE ROE
BORDIN

BANDURA.
BLAU
:
MUSGRAVE.

KENNETH ROBERTS
4.2
KRUMBOLTZ

GINZBERG
SUPER.
TIEDEMAN O'HARA
H GOTTFREDSON
. & ., (1991), , , ,
, , . 5.
818
427
6.4.

6.4.1.
,

.
.
,
(Hayes & Hopson, 1972,
. . , 1991, . 6).
, ,
.
,
,
(Herr, 1970,
. 70, . . , 1991, . 6).
,

819.
6.4.2.
Frank
Parsons 1908
:
820.

: ,
, , , ,
,
. & ., (1991), , , ,
, , . 6,7.
820
Abernathy
C.,(2000),Career
Development,
Jacksonville
State
University
http://taracat.tripod.com/careertheory1.html
819
428
, ,
, ,
821.
822.

tests

. (Sharf, 1992).
Betz (1992)
,
Parsons (1909) .

,
.

1900,

.
tests ,

Parsons,
.
,

,
(Brown, 1990).
,
,
.
, , .
.
" "
,
821
822
Parsons F.,(1908), Choosing a vocation.,London, Gay & Hancock,Ltd, copyright 1909 by Meyer Bloomfield, 5.
Sharf R.,( 1992), Applying career development theory to counseling.Belmont, CA : Brooks / Cole, 17.
429

(Chartrand, 1991).
Parsons (1909)
'

823.

.
,
,
.
, ,

.
(,
...)
. ,
, . ,
,
824.
Patton W., McMahon M., (2006), Career development and systems theory: connecting theory and practice, Rotterdam,
Sense Publishers, 22.
824 . & ., (1991), , , ,
, , . 7,8.
823
430
6.4.3.
HOLLAND
John Holland
Johns Hopkins

825.
Holland
, .

.

. Holland
, , , ,
, . (Holland codes).

,
, ,
, ...826

827
54 : HOLLAND
Holland828.
Holland J., (1973), Making vocational choices: a theory of careers. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,
http://en.wikipedia.o rg/wiki/ Holland_Codes
826 Juchnowski J., (2004), Know Yourself, Co-workers and Your Organization Get Focused On: Personality, Careers and
Managing People, iUniverse Star an iUniverse, Inc. imprint 2021 Pine Lake Road, Suite 100 Lincoln, NF 68512, . 1-3
827 Spokane ., & Cruza-Guet M-C, (2005), Holland's Theory of Vocational Personalities in Work Environments Brown
S. & Lent R., (2005), Career Development Counseling. Putting Theory and Research to Work, Published John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 27.
828 The Holland Hexagon. [ Source: Reproduced by special permission of the publisher. Psychological Assessment
Resources, Inc.. 16204 North Florida Avenue. Lutz. Florida 33549, from the Self-Directed Search Professional User's
Guide, by John L. Holland. PhD: Amy Powell. PhD: and Barbara Fritzsche PhD Copyright 1985,1987.1994]
825
431
829 Holland
.
SELF-CONCEPT AND VALUES
POTENTIAL
COMPETENCIES
TYPICAL WORK ACTIVITIES AND

ENVIRONMENTS
REALISTIC
EMOTIONALLY STABLE,
RELIABLE PRACTICAL,
THRIFTY,
PERSISTENT SHY, MODEST
UNCOMFORTABLE
TALKING ABOUT SELF
TRADITIONAL VALUES
MECHANICAL ABILITY
AND INGENUITY
PROBLEM SOLVING WITH
TOOLS, MACHINES
PSYCHOMOTOR SKILLS
PHYSICAL STRENGTH
JOB WITH TANGIBLE

RESULTS OPERATING HEAVY
EQUIPMENT USING TOOLS
PHYSICAL DEMANDS FIXING,
BUILDING,
REPAIRING
INVESTIGATIVE
INDEPENDENT, SELFMOTIVATED
RESERVED, INTROSPECTIVE
ANALYTICAL, CURIOUS TASK
ORIENTED ORIGINAL,
CREATIVE, NONCONFORMING
SCIENTIFIC ABILITY
ANALYTICAL SKILLS
MATHEMATICAL SKILLS
WRITING SKILLS
PERSEVERANCE
AMBIGUOUS OR
ABSTRACT TASKS SOLVING
PROBLEMS
THROUGH THINKING WORKING
INDEPENDENTLY SCIENTIFIC OR
LABORATORY SETTINGS
COLLECTING AND ORGANIZING
DATA
INDEPENDENT,
NONCONFORMING SELF
EXPRESSIVE INTUITIVE,
SENSITIVE, EMOTIONAL
IMPULSIVE DRAWN TO
AESTHETIC QUALITIES
CREATIVITY,
IMAGINATION VERBALLINGUISTIC
SKILLS MUSICAL ABILITY
ARTISTIC ABILITY
CREATING ARTWORK OR
PERFORMING WORKING
INDEPENDENTLY UNSTRUCTURED,
FLEXIBLE ENVIRONMENTS THAT
ALLOW SELF-EXPRESSION
CONVENTIONAL
ENTERPRISING
SOCIAL
TYPE
ARTISTIC
14 : HOLLAND
HUMANISTIC,
IDEALISTIC, ETHICAL
SOCIAL AND
CONCERNED FOR WELFARE OF INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
OTHERS TACTFUL,
VERBAL ABILITY
COOPERATIVE, GENEROUS
TEACHING SKILLS ABILITY
KIND, FRIENDLY, CHEERFUL
TO EMPATHIZE WITH AND
UNDERSTANDING,
UNDERSTAND OTHERS
INSIGHTFUL
STATUS CONSCIOUS
AMBITIOUS,
COMPETITIVE SOCIABLE,
TALKATIVE OPTIMISTIC,
ENERGETIC,
POPULAR AGGRESSIVE,
ADVENTURESOME
CONSCIENTIOUS,
PERSEVERING PRACTICAL,
CONSERVATIVE ORDERLY,
SYSTEMATIC,
PRECISE, ACCURATE CAREFUL,
CONTROLLED
TEACHING, EXPLAINING, GUIDING

SOLVING PROBLEMS, LEADING
DISCUSSIONS EDUCATIONAL,
SOCIAL SERVICE, AND MENTAL
HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS
VERBAL SKILLS RELATED

SELLING, PURCHASING,
TO SPEAKING,
LEADING MANAGING PEOPLE
PERSUADING, SELLING
AND PROJECTS GIVING SPEECHES
LEADERSHIP SKILLS
AND PRESENTATIONS FINANCIAL,
RESILIENCE, HIGH ENERGY,
GOVERNMENT, AND POLITICAL
OPTIMISM SOCIAL AND
ORGANIZATIONS
INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
EFFICIENCY,
ORGANIZATION
MANAGEMENT OF
SYSTEMS AND DATA
MATHEMATICAL SKILLS
ATTENTION TO DETAIL,
PERFECTIONISM
OPERATION OF OFFICE
MACHINES
ORGANIZING OFFICE
PROCEDURES KEEPING RECORDS
AND
TILING SYSTEMS WRITING REPORTS,
MAKING CHARTS STRUCTURED
ORGANIZATIONS WITH
WELL-ORDERED CHAINS OF
COMMAND
O Holland

.
Swanson J. and Fouad N., (2010), Career Theory and Practice: Learning Through Case Studies, second edition,
California, SAGE Publications, Inc., 106-107.
829
432

830.
,
, , , .

.
.

.
.

.
. ,
, .

. (, ,
), ,
,
, , ...

. ,
.

.

.
,
. ,
, .

Gottfredson G., (1999), John L. Hollands Contributions to Vocational Psychology: A Review and Evaluation,Journal of
Vocational Behavior, v. 55 Academic Press, 19.
830
433
,
831.

,
.
, ,
, ,
.
.
.

(. ).

.
,

.
,

832.
Holland .
. ,
,
. Peterson ..
(1993) learned helplessness833.
6.5.
6.5.1.
ANNE ROE
Anne Roe 1956.

.
Juchnowski J., (2004), Know Yourself, Co-workers and Your Organization Get Focused On: Personality, Careers and
Managing People, iUniverse Star an iUniverse, Inc. imprint 2021 Pine Lake Road, Suite 100 Lincoln, NF 68512, 2-3
832 . & ., (1991), , , ,
, , . 9-19.
833 Kniveton Bromley H., (2004), Influences and motivations on which students base their choice of career, :
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_ qa3765/is_200411/ai_n9468960/pg_8/?tag=content;col1
831
434
55: 834
ROE 835
,
.

' 836.
Roe
.
,
, .
, , ,

. ,
: Osipow, 1969.
., (1999), , , , , 90.
836 Roe A., (1972), Perspectives in vocational development, Whiteley J. and Resnikoff A., (editors), American Personnel
and Guidance Association, Washington, 80.
834
835
435
,
837.

,
,
. Roe
,
, ,
.
, ,
,
.
, ,
,
,
,
838.

, .
.
Roe : )
, , Roe :
I: , II: , III: , IV: , V:
, VI: , VII: , VIII: .
Roe
, ()
.
) , ,
,
. Roe :
- , - , , ,
839.
. & ., (1991), , , ,
, . 20.
838 20.
839 ., (1999), , , , , . 89.
837
436
6.5.2.
BORDIN
Edward Bordin, Barbara Nachman Michigan

Stanley Segal, Columbia
1963,
.

.840

.
.

- .
841
.
Bordin (1955a)

, , 842
6.6.

6.6.1.
BANDURA. .
Bandura (1971,1977)

, .

(vicarious learning),
, (models).
Bordin E., Nachman ., Segal S.,(1963), An Articulated Framework for vocational development., Journal of counseling
Psychology, v. 10, 107 118.
841 Bordins Theory. http://www.psychology.unp.ac.za/2008/208/Content%20theory.pdf
842 Tosi D., (1987), Theories and applications of counseling: systems and techniques of counseling and psychotherapy,
Springfield, iii, U.S.A, Editor Thomas, 28.
840
437

.

.
Bandura (selfefficacy),

. ,

.

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6.6.2.
KRUMBOLTZ
John Krumboltz
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.

,
844.

:
,
, , , ,
. Krumboltz
. & ., (1991), , , ,
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844 Krumboltz, J., Mitchell, A., Jones, G., (1978), A social learning theory of carrer selection J. M. Whiteley, A.
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. ,

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. Krumboltz
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439
6.7.
(career development),
.
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846.
6.7.1.
GINZBERG
Columbia Eli Ginzberg

(), Sol Ginsburg (), Sidney Axelrad (),
John Herma ( ) 1951 ,
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.
91 ,
11 24 .

Columbia. ,
,
847
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,
. 10 91 ,
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:
. & ., (1991), , , ,
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847 Ginzberg E. Ginsburg S.Axelrad S., Herma J., ( 1951 ), Occupational Choice: An Approach to a General Theory,
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846
440
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( 11 12).
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848.
,
,
. ,

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1972 Ginzberg

,
. ,
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441
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1984).
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Kottler J., & ShepardD., (2008), Introduction to Counseling: Voices from the Field, Sixth Edition, Thompson
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852 ., (1999), , , , , . 99.
851
444
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TIEDEMAN OHARA
Tiedeman OHara
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TIEDEMAN & O'HARA
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853
Neff W., (1985), Work & Human Behavior, Transaction Publishers, . 108-109.
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.
,
, , 854 .
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GOTTFREDSON,
.
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Gottfredson

855.
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. Gottfredson

.
Gottfredson
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, () (
),
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854
855
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:
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(),
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,
,
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KENNETH ROBERTS
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864
453
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.
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, ., , : http://my.aegean.gr/
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880 ., & - ., (1990), - , . 80.
881 Braconnier A., & Marcelli D., (2002) L'adolescence aux mille visages , ,
, , , 196.
878
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896) (..,

). ,
107-108.
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892
466

, .
,
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897
467
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469
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Hoinville G. Jowell R., (1978), Survey Research Practice, Heinemann Educational Books, London.
470
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.
,
,
, .

, , , ,

(, , )
.
499
,
.

.

10%
.
26, 28 30
. 26 14, 28 17 30 12

5 : 1, :
2, : 3, : 4, : 5.
14 26
, ,
,
.
3 8
12 .
17 28
, -,
, , ,
. 5
.
12 30 ,
,
, 10
.
12) ;
.

..
500
12
.

.
5 5

.
15) M :
.
( , , ).
15 925
-
.
5
.
.
17) ;

17
.
16)
:
.
. , , ,
,
| |
- .,
, .
925
501
16 -
. 3 5
,

.
.
18)
:
.
.
.
.
.
. .
18
, . 6 4
2

(, )
.
22)
;
.
:

..

502
23 22
-
.
21, 22, 23

.
20) :
.

.

.

.

.

( ).

.

( ).
20
.
.

.
(Valenzuela & Dornbusch 1994,
Perna 2000, Beaulieu, Israel, Heartless, Dyrk 2001, Teachman, Paasch 8 Carver 1997,
503
Jodl, Michael, Malanchuk, Eccles 8s Sameroff 2001)

926.
123 4 : 1,
: 2, : 3, : 4
21)
;
.
21

.

(Sewell, Shah 1968a, 1968b). Kahl (1953),
,

.
.

Ellis & Lane
1963, Krauss 1964)927. 1 5 (
:1, :2, :3, :4, :5.

23) .
.

.
.
, (2004), , ,
, , , , , 553-564.
927 , (2004), , ,
, , , , , 290.
926
504
23
. 4
,
,
- - .

,
.
9.11.
(index)
-
.
(factor analysis),

, ,
.
.
.

.
( )
928.

. ,

,

. ,
., (2010), , ,
, .
928
505

929.
( principal components analysis )
,
,

.
.

, .
,
,
,
.
. ,
() ,

930 931.
., (2005), . 4.1 : ,
, ..., ,
, ....
930 ., & ., (2010), R., , 20,
, , ,
219.
931

., (2010), , ,
, .
929
506
10o
: S.P.S.S.

S.P.S.S. (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences)
v.19 2011.
, , , , ,
, , , , , X2

,

.
10.1.
523

,
.
18 :
523
100%
100%
100%
63 :
507

:
19 :
N VALID 516
. MISSING 7
1995
1994
1993
1996
1997
1992
1998
1991
1960
1987
1966
1990
110
76
65
61
51
40
30
21
4
4
1
0
21,00%
14,50%
12,40%
11,70%
9,80%
7,60%
5,70%
4,00%
0,80%
0,80%
0,20%
0,00%
17
18
19
16
15
20
14
21
52
25
46
22
64 :
508

932 25,6%
, 27,3 , 13,4% , 32,3%
25,6
143
27,3
70
13,4
169
32,3
1,3
523
100
134
N VALID
523
MISSING
0
20 :
1,3%
.
3
2
66,3%
33,6%
933
. 2/3
.
932
., .,(2008), S.P.S.S. 16, , , , 19.

933 ()
.
()
.
(valid )
.
(cumulative )
.
scale nominal ordinal
:
(mean) .
(median) .
( std. deviation )
.
(range)
.
.
S.P.S.S. .
509
65 :

510
10.1.1.
934 ()
, 10.2.1
10
:
66 :
21 :
.VALID
. MISSING
521
34
6,5%
487
93,1%
521
99,6%
SYSTEM
,4%
523
100 %
934
10.2.1
511
10.1.2.

,
,
.
22
95% .
; 95%
, .

,
. ,
,
,
.
1989.
,

. , , , , , , ,

935.
,
, '

. ,
.
936.
,

, .
10-15%
,
.,(2004), , ,
U, 28-5-2004.
936 ., (2003), ;, , http://www2.media.uoa.gr /people/
demertzis /index_gr.html
935
512
. , ,

937.

..
,
,
.
85,3%
4,6%
10% .
22 :
523
446
85,3%
24
4,6%
1,5%
,2%
,6%
13
2,5%
17
3,3%
,8%
,2%
10
,6%
11
,2%
12
,2%
13
,2%
., & ., (2005),
, , www.rhodes. aegean.gr/.../4.%20
%20 .doc
937
513
67 :
88,5%
5% 6,5% .
23 :
523
463
88,5%
26
5,0%
1,5%
,2%
,6%
15
2,9%
,8%
,4%
,2%
514
68 :

87,8 %
88,5% 85,3 %.
24 :

13
2,5
N VALID 523

51
9,8
459
87,8
.MISSING 0
523
100,0
69:
515
10.1.3.

.
:
25 :

216
41,3%
VALID
74
14,1%
504
141
27,0%
57
10,9%
16
3,1%
504
96,4%
SYSTEM
19
3,6%
523
100,0%
MISSING
70 :
516
26 :
295
56,4%
57
10,9%
VALID
30
5,7%
511
78
14,9%
51
9,8%
511
97,7%
SYSTEM
12
2,3%
523
100%
MISSING
71 :

50% ( 41,3 % + 14,1%= 55,4%).
( 56,4% + 10,9% = 67,3%).
(27%)
(14,9%).
517
27 :

211
40,3%

192
36,7%

/
34
6,5%
VALID

500
29
5,5%
28
5,4%

6
1,1%
500
95,6%
MISSING
SYSTEM
23
4,4%
523
100%
72 :
518
28 :
VALID
500
MISSING
193
36,9%
148
28,3%
60
11,5%
36
6,9%
50
9,6%
13
2,5%
500
95,6%
SYSTEM
23
4,4%
523
100%
73 :
70%

519
10.1.4.

:
29 :
N Valid
N Missing
523
0
47
171
119
64
62
24
9
9,0%
32,7%
22,8%
12,2%
11,9%
4,6%
1,7%
27
5,2%
523
100,0%
74 :

2 32,7% ,
520
22,8 % 12,2 %.
.

: 1 5
. 20%
,
.
30 :
VALID
MISSING
523
414
79,2%
109
20,8%
523
100,0
10.1.5.

938
44
(Principal Components Analysis )
31
.

(scale).

31:

;

;

;

;
938
10.2.6
521
,469
,650
,598
,706

;

;
,761
,512

,637
;

,588
;

,450
;
EXTRACTION METHOD: PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS.
A. 1 COMPONENTS EXTRACTED.
10.2.
10.2.1.

.
32 :
VALUE
N. VALID
521
34
6,5%
168
32,1%
2-3
163
31,2%
156
29,8%
. MISSING
LABELED
VALUES
522
100%
75 :
6,5%
, 32,1%
29,8%.
6,5 %
31,2 +28,8 + 32,1 = 92 ,1 %
.

. , , )
.
-
.
6,5% :
523
76 :
i.
ii.
iii.
524
10.2.2.
11

.
60% (30,4%+31,2%= 61,6%)

.
33 :

94
18,0%

103
19,7%
VALID 519

159
30,4%

163
31,2%
TOTAL
519
99,2%
MISSING 4
SYSTEM
4
,8%
TOTAL
523
100,0%
77 :

525

34% .
34 :
VALID 514
MISSING
183
35,0%
153
29,3%
115
63
22,0%
12,0%
TOTAL
SYSTEM
514
9
98,3%
1,7%
523
100,0%
TOTAL
78 :
526
70%
(28,3% + 42,8%= 71,1%). :

.
35 :

47
9,0%

98
18,7%
VALID 517
MISSING 6

TOTAL
SYSTEM
TOTAL
148
224
517
6
523
28,3%
42,8%
98,9%
1,1%
100,0%
79 :

527

11,9% + 4,8% = 16,7% 56,2% + 25,6% = 81,8 %
36 :

294
56,2%

134
25,6%
VALID 515

62
11,9%
MISSING 8

TOTAL
SYSTEM
TOTAL
25
515
8
523
4,8%
98,5%
1,5%
100,0%
80 :

(42,4%+ 26,6% = 69%)

29,6% = 19,5%+ 10,1% .
528
37 :

222
42,4%

139
26,6%
VALID
MISSING
102
53
19,5%
10,1%
TOTAL
SYSTEM
516
7
98,7%
1,3%
523
100,0%
TOTAL
81 :

75%

( 50,6 %= 27,5% + 23,1% ) .
529
38 :

126
24,1%

126
24,1%
VALID 517

144
27,5%

121
23,1%
MISSING 6
TOTAL
SYSTEM
TOTAL
517
6
98,9%
1,1%
523
100,0%
82 :
.
530
10.2.3.

.
39 :

. VALID 522
. MISSING 1
SYSTEM
153
29,2%
13
2,5%
159
30,4%
56
10,7%
49
9,4%
92
17,6%
,2%
523
100%
83 :

531
13
,
30,4%

.
( , , )

4 ,
,

. .

. 17,
445 .
229
,

40 :

173
35
. 939
11

.
( )
30,4%.

29,2%.

30,4%
. 30,4%

,
: , ,
. - .
939
532
10,7%

. 13
,
1)
, 2) .
41 :

. VALID
522
. MISSING
SYSTEM
215
41,1%
307
58,7%
,2%
523
100%
84
41,1% 58,7%
2005
.
. 3432 3/2/2006 .,
533
,

,
940.
2005
. 2006

.
.
10.2.4. -

941
.
42 :

:

.

.

.

.
3,29
1,139
3,03
1,321
3,42
1.175
3,47
1,212
2,66
1,349
2.88
1.32
2,64
1.367

(, , .).
2,68
1,475
3,02
1,439

.

.
(,
, .).
., & ., (2006), ,
, , 324.
941 108 116.
940
534
942.
85 1867.
...
.. / 20-8-1867 ( 50 /. )

106.
86 .
31/12/1927, .

., & ., (2006), , , ,
74.
942
535
10.2.5. .

.
43 :

-
. VALID

523

.
MISSING

0
129
107
51
137
52
21
26
523
24,7%
20,5%
9,8%
26,2%
9,9%
4,0%
5,0%
100%
26,2%

.

.
87 :
536
10.2.6. .
29 .
,
,
,
,
...,
,
,
,
,
1,76
0,893
1,82
0,959
1,63
0,883
1,69
0,918
1,93
1,065
2,26
1,176
2,14
1,137
2,54
1,28
2,01
1,216
44 :

1 = 5 = .

943
121-129 .
537
943
(Principal Components Analysis) ,

944.
,
.
88 : 29
2,54
3.

.
45 :

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,63
1,69
1,76
1,82
1,93
2,01
2,14
2,26
2,54

944
10.1.5.
538
.

( , , ,
). .

,
.
.
945

.
.,(1991), (1918 1971),

, . 1 1 1990, ..., . &
. , , .
945
539
10.3.
10.3.1.
46

.
:
46 :
;
N. VALID
. MISSING
523
88
93
123
74
145
523
16,9%
17,8%
23,5%
14,1%
27,7%
100 %
89 :
;

47 90 -
.
540
47 :
;
N. VALID
523
. MISSING
88
16,8%
435
83,2%
90
48 31,7% + 43,8%= 75,5 %

9,4% + 1,7% = 11,1% .

. , ,
541
,
.

.
48 :

166
31,7%
. VALID
522
229
43,8%

69
13,2%
49
9,4%
. MISSING
1

9
1,7%
522
99,8%
91 :

542
10.3.2.
40,7% + 9,8%
+ 9,4%= 59,9% 18% .

.
49 :
, ,

,

N. MISSING
1
SYSTEM
N. VALID
522
213
40,7%
51
9,8%
115
22,0%
49
9,4%
94
522
1
523
18,0%
99,8%
,2%
100%
92 :
543
39,4%
.
16,4%
.
50 :

206
39,4%

86
16,4%
. VALID 523
66
12,6%

48
9,2%

29
5,5%

28
5,4%

24
4,6%
. MISSING 0

23
4,4%

13
2,5%
523
100%
93 :
7 26 63,7%
9,2% + 5,4% = 14,6 %.
544
51 :

159
30,4%
. VALID
523
174
33,3%

114
21,8%
48
9,2%
. MISSING
0

28
5,4%
523
100%
94 :
2 28 24,7% + 21,6% = 46,3%

23,3% +14,7%= 38 % .

18 .
38% 38,2%
545
7,7% 46,3%
53,7 % .
52 :
. VALID
523
. MISSING
129
24,7%
113
21,6%
82
15,7%
122
23,3%
77
14,7%
523
100 %
95 :

8 28 22,2%+ 31,9%= 54,1 %
20,1% + 17,4%
= 37,5% . 54,1% .
546
53 :

116
22,2%
.VALID
523
167
31,9%

105
20,1%
91
17,4%
. MISSING 0

44
8,4%
523
100%
96:

24,1%+ 33,8%= 57,9%
20,8%+ 8,2% = 29%.
1997

.

547

.
54 :

126
24,1%
. VALID
523
177
33,8%

68
13,0%
109
20,8%
. MISSING
0

43
8,2%
523
100%
97 :

15,7%+27,0%= 42,7% 12,6% + 26,2%= 38,8% .
, , ,
, ,

.
548
55 :

82
15,7%
141
27,0%
.VALID
523

97
18,5%
137
26,2%

66
12,6%
N.MISSING
0
523
100%
98 :
To 14,5% + 38% = 52,5%

21,4 %
+ 9,9 %= 31,3 % . ,
.
(Dispensation)
. ,

.
.
549

946.
56 :
.VALID
. MISSING

76
14,5%
523
199
38,0%

84
16,1%
112
21,4%
0

52
9,9%
523
100 %
99 :
10.3.3.
5 26 20,70%
+32,70% = 53,40% .

.
1997
. .
Dispensation also called Economy

. , ,
,
. ,
, . ,
,
, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/
topic/165750/dispensation
946
550

, , , ,
.
, , ,
,
. ,
.
,
/ , , , :
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. - - .
5. (, ,
, /, , ., - ,
, , .).
6. .947
57 :

108
20,7%
. VALID 523
171
32,7%

111
21,2%
94
18,0%
. MISSING 0

39
7,5%
523
100%
., 2006, .
, ,
, , , 8.
947
551
100 :

38,8%+ 39,0%= 77,8%
.
58 :
, , , , ,
, ,

N.VALID
203
38,8%
523
204
39,0%
82
15,7%
N. MISSING
18
3,4%
16
3,1%
523
100%
.
, , , , , , ,
,
prospectus
,
,
552
. ( ..
ton,) ,
, 948.
101 :
., & ., (2006), , , ,
45-46.
948
553
10.3.4.

.
59 :

85
16,3%
. VALID
523
203
38,8%

87
16,6%
92
17,6%
. MISSING
0

56
10,7%
523
100%
16,3% + 38,8% =
55,1%
17,6% + 10,7%=28,3% .

.
, '
, :
;
;
...
, ;
.. ;
; ;
(. ..) , ;
/ ;
,
;
554
, , ..949;
102:

,
. ,
, . ' ,

,
.
,
.
, ,
,
.

., (2006), .
, ,
, , , 53.
949
555
. ,
,
.

. , ,
,
,
, . , ,
,
, ,
. , ,
,

,
, ' 950.
60 : ,
,

73
14,0%
. VALID 522
107
20,5%

72
13,8%
182
34,8%

88
16,8%
. MISSING 1
522
99,8%
SYSTEM
1
,2%
523
100%

34,8% + 16,8% = 51,6%
14,0% + 20,5% = 34,5%.
., (2006), .
, ,
, , , 8.
950
556
103 :
7 28 34,0% + 39,0%= 73%
9,2% 4,4%= 13,6%.

:

.

.

.
,
, ,
.

.

557
-
,
. , ,
.
,
,
951.
61 :

. VALID
. MISSING
522
SYSTEM

178
34,0%
204
39,0%
69
13,2%
48
9,2%
23
4,4%
522
99,8%
1
,2%
104 :
., (2006), .
, ,
, , , 45.
951
558
10.3.5.

, ,
,
,

. 30,0%+ 40,0%=
70% 9,9% + 8,6%= 18,5% .
62 :
. VALID
523
. MISSING
0
" "

157
30,0%
209
40,0%

60
11,5%
52
9,9%

45
8,6%
523
100%
105 :

19,9% + 33,8% = 53,7%
14,7% + 12,6%= 27,3% .
559
63 :
. VALID 523
. MISSING 0
104
19,9%
177
33,8%
99
18,9%
77
14,7%
66
12,6%
523
100%
106 :
560
25,0%+ 26,4%= 51,4%

19,5% + 11,5%= 31% .
, ,
.
64 :
. VALID
. MISSING
523
131
25,0%
138
26,4%
92
17,6%
102
19,5%
60
11,5%
523
100 %
107 :
18% + 24,3% = 42,3%

24,5% +13,4%= 37,9% .
561
.
, ,
.
65 :
.VALID
523
. MISSING
0
94
18,0%
127
24,3%
104
19,9%
128
24,5%
70
13,4%
523
100%
108 :

T
.
,

,
562

,
(Peavy,2000).
66 :
.VALID
153
29,3%
523
173
33,1%
115
22,0%
. MISSING
66
12,6%
16
3,1%
523
100%
29,3% + 33,1% = 62,4%

12,6%+3,1%=15,7%

, (Wannan, 2004).

,
,

,,

( &
1994,
2005).

,
(, 2003 : , 2003 : Wannan,2004).
...
.
,

,
563

.(,2006)952.
109:
19,1% + 39,2% = 58,3%

,
. 6 28 10,3% +
4,8%=15,1 % .
67 :

100
19,1%
. VALID 523
205
39,2%

139
26,6%
54
10,3%
. MISSING 0

25
4,8%
523
100,0
N., H

http://www.alfavita.gr
/artra/art15_12_9_0324.php
952
564
953

.
110 :

9 28 25,8% + 27,5% = 53,3%

16,4% + 11,5% = 27,9 % .

.
,
,
.

: , , , ,
.
953
565
. 7
.
2006
954.
68 :

135
25,8%
.VALID
523
144
27,5%

98
18,7%
86
16,4%
. MISSING
0

60
11,5%
523
100%
111 :
21,8% + 31,7%= 53,5% 15,7% + 12,0%=

27,7% : /

.

,
163 ., & ., (2006),

, , , 466.
954
566
69 : /

114
21,8%
N. VALID
523
166
31,7%

98
18,7%
82
15,7%
. MISSING
0

63
12,0%
523
100%
112 :
H
13,2%+ 25,2% = 38,4%
27,7% + 14,9% = 42,6%
. .
70 :

69
13,2%
. VALID 522
132
25,2%

98
18,7%
145
27,7%
. MISSING 1

78
14,9%
522
99,8%
1
,2%
523
100%
567
113 :

16,6%+ 28,5% = 45,1 %
16,3% + 7,5% = 23,8%
. 31% .
71 :
. VALID
. MISSING

87
16,6%
149
28,5%
522

162
31,0%
85
16,3%

39
7,5%
1
568
522
99,8%
,2%
523
100%
114 :
10.3.6.
14 28 33,3% + 38,2% = 71,5%

, 9,8%+3,4% = 13,2% .

.
72 :

174
33,3%
. VALID
523
200
38,2%

80
15,3%
51
9,8%
MISSING
0

18
3,4%
523
100,%
569
115 :
15 28
, ,
. 43,4 %+ 21,2% =
64,6% 9,2%+13,0%=22,2%.
73 :

.VALID
. MISSING
523
227
43,4%
111
21,2
69
13,2%
48
9,2%
68
13,0%
523
100%
570

. /

955.
(
)
.

.
.

,
, ,
-
-
,
956 .
, (2001),
: , A' , ,
, .
956 ., & ., (2006), , , ,
360.
955
571
116 :
16,1% + 31,9% =
48%
22,9% + 16,1% = 39 %.

( , , ,
, ).
74 :

N. VALID
N. MISSING
523
84
16,1%
167
31,9%
68
13,0%
120
22,9%
84
16,1%
523
100 %
572
117 :

9 26 27,2%+ 23,5% = 50,7 %

18,4%+8,6%=27% .
75 :
. VALID
. MISSING
523
573
142
123
117
96
45
523
27,2%
23,5%
22,4%
18,4%
8,6%
100%

.

.
118 :

1 28 36,9%+ 43,6%= 80,5%

6,1% + 4,0%= 10,1% .

,
,
.

.
574
76 :

193
36,9%
. VALID 523
228
43,6%

49
9,4%
32
6,1%
. MISSING 0

21
4,0%
523
100 %
119 :

.

2008.
77 :

195
37,3%
N. VALID
523
170
32,5%

88
16,8%
53
10,1%
N. MISSING
0
17
3,3%
523
100%
575
37,3%+32,5%= 69,8%
120 :

25,6% +21,4% = 47 %
19,3% + 16,1 % = 35,4 % . 1998
.
78 :
. VALID 523
MISSING 0
134
25,6
112
21,4
92
17,6
101
19,3
84
16,1
TOTAL
523
100,0
576
. 2525 / 1997
,

,
, ..
, 1998
,

, ,
.

,
. ,

,

,
.
121 :

577
,
. ,
.. 407 /1998
. , , 2003

... .
,

,
957.
., & ., (2006), , , ,
142.
957
578
10.4.

10.4.1.
12
:
79 :

215
41,1%
50
9,6%
VALID
523

76
14,5%
95
18,2%
MISSING
0
87
16,6%
523
100,0%
122 :

.
41,1%.
, 9,6+
14,5+,18,2+16,6 = 59,9 %.,
579
-
.
10.4.2.
15 M :,

.
80 :
:

286
54,7%
(, , , )

50
9,6%

.VALID

70
13,4%
523

25
4,8%

35
6,7%
. MISSING
57
10,9%
0
523
100,0%
523 286 54,7 %

. 13,4%
.
123 :
580
10.4.3.
16
.
:
N.
MISSING 3
81 : ,
;

150
28,7%
56
10,7%
N. VALID 520

61
11,7%
267
51,1%
133
25,4%
120
22,9%
253
48,3%
,6%
523
100%
SYSTEM

28,7%
.
.

51,1% 48,3% .

.
581
124 :
.
.
,

. ,

958.
.
, ,
,
., (1909), , ,
89, 11-13.
958
582
,

,
, ,
.
959.

125 .
(250+53)/1669=
18,15 % 960.
,

.

-

962
82 :
1844-1969
33
53
250
250

650
226
207
1669
961
. ;
10.4.4.
18
523
38,2% .
8%
46,2%.
.. /6-10-1893 ( 199 /. ), .
., & ., (2006), , , ,
111-112.
961 X.& ., (1969), 125 18441969, , , 139.
962 ,
.
959
960
583
83 :

.

200
38,20%
N.VALID 523
N.MISSING
169
32,30%
56
10,70%
45
8,60%
42
8,00%
11
2,10%
523
100 %

53,7 %.
.
, 125
, 18,15 %
50
1924-1974 35% 40%
963
., , (1974), ,
, , 7,37.
963
584
125 :
126 .

. , 1 1930
585
10.4.5.

17, ;.
173
35
29
23
16
12
11
10
9
7
7
7
6
6
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
31
33,08
32
6,69
33
5,54
34
4,4
35
3,06
36
2,29
37
2,1
38
1,91
39
1,72
40
1,34
41
1,34
42
1,34
43
1,15
44
1,15
45
0,96
46
0,76
47
0,76
48
0,76
49
0,76
50
0,76
51
0,76
52
0,57
53
0,57
54
0,38
55
0,38
56
0,38
57
0,38
58
0,38
59
0,38
60
0,38
586
VALID 445
MISSING 78
./
.
.
N.
N.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
VALID 445
MISSING 78
N.
N.
84 :
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
523
0,38
0,38
0,38
0,38
0,38
0,38
0,38
0,38
0,38
0,38
0,38
0,38
0,38
0,38
0,38
0,19
0,19
0,19
0,19
0,19
0,19
0,19
0,19
0,19
0,19
0,19
0,19
0,19
0,19
0,19
100%
127 :
85 :

173
33,08%
35
6,69%
11
2,1%
4
0,76%
.
4
0,76%
2
0,38%
229
43,77%
.

43,77% .

, , .
51,1%
, 53,7 %
43,77 %
.
587
10.4.6.

86 :

;

153
29,3%
VALID 523

50
9,6%
91
17,4%
159
30,4%
MISSING 0

70
13,4%
523
100%
128:
588
,

:
87 :
.VALID
523
294
56,2%
229
43,8%
523
100%

. MISSING

.
:
i.
.
ii.
.
iii.
.
iv. ( 119, 121 )
3,1% 9,8%
.
v. 23,5%

.
vi.
.
vii.
, ,
.
589
129 :

, 101, 102, 103
104
70.
88 :
.
416
107 79,5% 20,5%
32
491
60
463 11,5% 88,5%
520 99,4%
6,1%
93,9%
0,6%

590

.

.
89 :
81,4%
416
81,40%
95
18,60%
511
100%
130 :
591
10.4.7.

22. 523 225 43%
19,1%
22,8% 4,2%
.
90 :

57
10,9%
N. VALID 523
OI
22
4,2%

100
19,1%

225
43,0%
N. MISSING 0
/
119
22,8%
523
100%
131 :
592
10.4.8.

8 1=
5=
.
91 :
:

(
).
2,47
1,431

(
).
2,63
1,395
2,69
1,375
2,98
1,207
3,05
1,384
2,58
1,394
2,42
1,371
2,03
1,253

3.
.
593
132 :
(3,05)
.
( 2,98)

. ( 2,03)

.

.

.
-

594
10.5.
10.5.1.

. 30 12
:
92 :

230
44,0%
. VALID
523
210
40,2%

51
9,8%
20
3,8%
. MISSING
0

12
2,3%
523
100%
133 :
(44,2%+ 40%= 84,2 %)

.
595

,
(5, 15, )
.
10.5.2.

.

, , ,
, ...., .., ...., ...,
..., , 964.
93 :
(,
,)
142
27,2%
157
30,0%
132
25,2%
74
14,1%
17
3,3%
522
99,8%
SYSTEM
,2%
523
100 %
N. VALID 522
N. MISSING 1

27,2% + 30% = 57,2%.
..
, , , ,
, ...., ..., ...., ....,
...., ,
,
,
., & ., (2006), , , ,
360.
964
596
.

,
,
, 965 .
134 :
., (2004), : H
, ...
965
597
10.5.3.

42,8%+33,3% = 76,1 %
6,3% +3,8% = 10,1 % .
94 :
N.VALID
N. MISSING

523
224
42,8%
174
72
33
20
523
33,3%
13,8%
6,3%
3,8%
100%
135 :

.
598

.

. ,
,

966 967.

.

(.....) , , , ,
, ,

,
,

- - .
10.5.4.
23,10% + 25,8 % = 48,9 %
18,20% + 8,00% = 26,20%
.

. . .
' .
.
.

.
968
, 1992
....
.
., & ., (2007), .
, , , 94.
967 ., & ., (2006), , , ,
361.
968 . 1992, , , 42 9 14 .
966
599
95 :
'

121
23,1%
N. VALID 521
135
25,8%

128
24,5%
95
18,2%

42
8,0%
N. MISSING 2
521
99,6%
SYSTEM
2
,4%
523
100%

.

,
. , ,
. ,

969.

, 1971-1976 970.
., & ., (2006), , , ,
361
970 .. 876 /17-5-1971 ( 95 /.)
. 476 /18-11-1976 ( 308
/. ) .
969
600
136 :

96 :

53
10,1%
N.VALID 522
82
15,7%

56
10,7%
142
27,2%

189
36,1%
N. MISSING 1
522
99,8%
SYSTEM
1
,2%
523
100 %

27,2% +36,1% = 63,3% 25,8 %.

.
.
,
.

.
601
. -

-
. (

;)

,

971.
137 : .
10.5.5.

. 30,6% + 40,9% = 71,5 %
18,8% .
., & ., (2006), , , ,
363.
971
602
97 :

47
9,0%
N.VALID 523
51
9,8%

51
9,8%
160
30,6%
N MISSING 0

214
40,9%
523
100%

.

. 12
18 .

, , , , ,

,
. ,
. ,

, ,
, , ( .
, 37 ), ' ,
972.
1964
.....

. ,
. 973
., , (1983), . ,
, , , 13.
973 ., (1964),
. ,
, 18-6-1964, 5.
972
603
138 :

3 26.
17,80% + 31,40% = 49,20%
18,40% +11,70% = 30,10%.

.

.
604
98 :

93
17,8%
164
31,4%
N .VALID 523

109
20,8%
96
18,4%
61
11,7%
. MISSING 0
523
100%
139 :

5 28

23,50%+24,10% = 47,60% 27,5% + 9,9%= 37,4%
.
605
99 :

123
23,5%
.VALID
523
126
24,1%

78
14,9%
144
27,5%
. MISSING
0

52
9,9%
523
100%

1
131 , 5 92 223

.

140 :

10.5.6.

46,8%+30,6%= 77,4%
10,5% .
.
606
.

.
100 :
245
46,8%
N.VALID 523
160
30,6%

63
12,0%
33
6,3%
N. MISSING 0
22
4,2%
523
100%
141 :

, 1833

,

.

. 25,80 % + 22,80 % = 48,60 %
607
11,3% + 20,5% =
31,8 %.
101 :
N.VALID
N. MISSING

59
11,3%
523
107
20,5%

103
19,7%
135
25,8%
0

119
22,8%
523
100,0
142 :
,

.
608
.
974.

.

.
76 %
14,1% .
102 :
, , ,

159
30,4%
N. VALID
523
186
35,6%

104
19,9%
43
8,2%
MISSING
0

31
5,9%
523
100%
, ,
, , , , .975

.
., (2006), ., ,
, , , , 20.
975 ., & ., (2006), , , ,
167.
974
609
143 :
18,7%+22,6% = 41,3% 12,0% + 11,9% = 23,9 %.
103 :

N.VALID
N. MISSING
523

98
18,7%
118
22,6%

182
34,8%
610
63
62
523
12,0%
11,9%
100 %

.

.
144 :

.
10%

976.
976
., & ., (2006), , , ,
367.
611
104 :
,
10%

63
12,0%
N. VALID
523
68
13,0%

125
23,9%
74
14,1%
N. MISSING
0

193
36,9%
523
100%
145 : 10%

.
14,1% + 36,9%
= 51% 12%+13%=25%.
8 26 11,3%+17,8%= 29,1%
23,5%
+23,5%= 47% .
612
105 :

.VALID
523
. MISSING
59
11,3%
93
17,8%
125
23,9%
123
23,5%
123
23,5%
523
100 %
977

.
2008 6850
700 21.000
978.
.
.
,

979.
Guardian
8.000
,
980.
981, .

, ,
.
977
., & ., (2006), , , ,
367.
978
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parochial_school, http://cacofonixcacofonix.blogspot.com/2008 /08/ blogpost_30.html
979 http://www.justlanded.com/english/Germany/Germany-Guide/Education/Private-schools
980http://www.iengage.org.uk/component/content/article/355-muslim-school-in-france-condemned-to-death
981 http://www.emanuelcong.org/study/school/
613
146:

614
11o

.
.
66,3%
33,6% , 2/3
.
85,3%
, 4,6% 10%
.
88,5% , 5%
6,5% .

87,8 %
88,5 % 85,3 %.
O 50%
( 41,3 % +
14,1%= 55,4%). ( 56,4% + 10,9% = 67,3%).

(27%)
(14,9%).
70%

.
93,1% .

.

.

.
.
41,1%
58,7%
.
615

.

.

.

, .
75,5 %
11,1% .
, 39,4 %

. 16,4%
.

83,2%
.

38% 38,2% 46,3% 53,7 % .
28,7%
.

51,1% 48,3%.

, 43,77%.

.

84,2%.

( , ,
, , )

:
616
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
54,7%
.
81,4%.

.

1.
48,9 % 26,20% .
2.
71,5 % 18,8% .
3. 10%
51% 25%.
4.
47,6% 37,4% .
5. 47%
35,4%.
6.
29,1% 47%.
617
,
, ,

,
,
, .
.
.

,
,
.

.
5 2012
. .
618
1.
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,169
,153
EXTRACTION METHOD: PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS. ROTATION METHOD:

VARIMAX WITH KAISER NORMALIZATION. COMPONENT SCORES.
691
147 :

108 :
T
67
12,8%

38
7,2%
N VALID
523
142
27,2%
230
44,0%
N MISSING
0

46
8,8%
523
100,0%
692
148 :
109 :

108
20,7%

64
12,2%
VALID
522
116
22,2%
174
33,3%
MISSING
1

60
11,5%
1
,2%
523
100,0%
693
149 :

110 :

57
10,9%

45
8,6%
N VALID
523
125
23,9%
215
41,1%
N MISSING
0

81
15,5%
523
100%
694
150 :
111 :

59
11,2%
VALID
523

45
8,6%
106
20,3%
217
41,5%
MISSING
0

96
18,4%
523
100,0%
695
151 :

112 :

152
29,1%
. VALID 522

90
17,2%
115
22,0%
116
22,2%
. MISSING 1

49
9,4%
1
,2%
523
100,0%
696
152:
113 :

112
21,4%
. VALID 523

94
18,0%
124
23,7%
132
25,2%
N. MISSING 0

61
11,7%
523
100,0%
697
153 :
114 :
(, , )
151
28,9%
. VALID
523

104
19,8%
105
20,1%
106
20,3%
. MISSING
0

57
10,9%
523
100,0%
698
154 :

115 :
(, , , )

182
34,8%
. VALID
523

66
12,6%
74
14,1%
137
26,2%
. MISSING
0

64
12,2%
523
100,0 %
699
155:
116 :

123
23,5%
. VALID
523

72
13,7%
93
17,8%
141
27,0%
MISSING
0

94
18,0%
523
100,0%
700
156 :
117 :

. VALID
523
107
20,5%
416
79,5%
. MISSING
0
523
100%
701
157 :
118 :
. VALID
523
491
93,9%
32
6,1%
. MISSING
0
523
100%
702
158 :
119 :
. VALID
523
463
88,5%
60
11,5%
. MISSING 0
523
100%
703
159 : E
120 :
.VALID
. MISSING
523
520
99,4%
3
0,6%
0
523
100%
704
160 :
121 :
;

231
44,2%
. VALID 523
224
42,8%

41
7,8%
14
2,7%
.MISSING 0

13
2,5%
523
100%
705
161 :

122 :
;

H
231
44,2%
. VALID
523
H
209
40,0%

42
8,0%
H
29
5,5%
.MISSING
0
H
12
2,3%
523
100%
706
162 :
123 :
;

I
288
55,1%
.VALID
523
I
174
33,3%
. MISSING

I
I
707
35
16
10
523
6,7%
3,1%
1,9%
100%
163 :
124 :
;

271
51,8%
N. VALID 523
192
36,7%

20
3,8%
32
6,1%
. MISSING 0

8
1,5%
523
100%
708
164:
125 :
;

H
224
42,8%
N.VALID 523
H
187
35,8%

54
10,3%
H
41
7,8%
N. MISSING 0
H
17
3,3%
523
100 %
709
165:

126 :
;

H
168
32,1%
.VALID
522
H
172
32,9%

80
15,3%
H
82
15,7%
H
20
3,8%
. MISSING 1
522
99,8%
SYSTEM
1
,2%
523
100%
710
166:
127 :
;

196
37,5%
. VALID
523
150
28,7%

108
20,7%
48
9,2%
. MISSING
0
21
4,0%
523
100 %
711
167 :
128 :
;

133
25,4%
.VALID
522
163
31,2%

73
14,0%
115
22,0%
. MISSING
1
38
7,3%
TOTAL
522
99,8%
MISSING
SYSTEM
1
,2%
523
100 %
712
168 :
129 :
;

249
47,6%
.VALID 523
125
23,9%

76
14,5%
42
8,05%
. MISSING 0

31
5,9%
523
100%
713
169 :
714
130 :
CORRELATION
COVARIANCE
IBM S.P.S.S. V.19
QUARTILES

SIGNIFICANCE
2
LEVELS
CROSS
TABULATION
SKEWNESS
CUSTOM
ATTRIBUTES
ST DEVIATION
DESCRIPTIVES
STATUS
DETERMINANT
TABULATION
DEVIATION
TAILED
EIGENVALUES
UNIVARIATE
EXTRACTION
VALID
INITIAL
VARIANCE
INITIAL
EIGENVALUES
VARIATE
DISPERSION
INTERQUARTILE
RANGE
INVERSE
INTERPRETED
KURTOSIS
VARIANCE
EXPLAINED
MEAN
BOOTSTRAP
MEDIAN
COEFFICIENTS
MODE
715
131 :
. .
. .
10
11
12
13
/ ( )
14
15
16
716
30 30 30

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.

3.10. ......................... 160

3.13. & ..................................................................... 167

3.35. ............................................................... 251

& .............................................................. 283

& ......................................... 286

& ............................................. 299

4.10. ............................................................ 300

PAVLOV .................................................................................................................... 316

4.19. .................................................................................. 332

( RATING SCALE) ....................................... 341

THURSTONE (EQUAL APPEARING INTERVALS SCALE)

LIKERT (SUMMATED RATING SCALE) ............................. 344

(FACTORIAL SCALE) .............................. 345

GUTTMAN (SCALOGRAM ANALYSIS SCALE) ............... 349

OSGOOD (SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALE) ............... 350

BOGARDUS ( SOCIAL DISTANCE SCALE ) ...................... 352

4.23. ............................................................................ 353

4.28. .............................................................................................. 374

5.10. ........................................................................ 408

& ....................... 425

6.4.1. . ..................... 428

6.4.2. ................... 428

6.6.1. BANDURA. ............................................... 437

6.7.1. GINZBERG .................................................................................. 440

6.8.1. BLAU ............................ 448

6.12. ................................................................................................ 463

9.10. ............................................................ 488

9.11. ........................................................................................ 505

, (2002), . 1935-1951, , , . 185.

Puberty , , Susan Elliot-Wright, 2004. 63

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., (2009), , , , 33,117, 118,120.

http://www.ipemdoe.gr/ep_bima/epistimoniko_bima_13/ 51e60.pdf, 26.7.2010.

1421/12.10.2005 (.. . 124)

91109/2/10.7.2008, 104071/2/4.8.2008 12/977/109744/1/26.8.2008).

http://www.pde.gr/forum/index.php?action =printpage; topic=7663.0,

., (2010), , Pathfinder Woman,

Herbert M., (1999), . . .

Walton F., (2010), 13-19 . , ,

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Dunn J., (1993), , . , ., ,

., (2010), , , http://14gymlaris.lar.sch.gr/drupal/sites/default/files/ergasie _mathiton / Neoi%20kai%20thleorash.pdf,

http://www.syllogosperiklis.gr /ep_bima/epistimoniko_ bima_3/Res.pdf, 3.7.2010.

http://www.ecclesia.gr/greek/holysynod/minimata.asp?id =674& what_ sub= minimata

Fitness = , , = ability, aptness,capability, competence

) (cognitive knowledge component ), ) (affective

(Jodelet, 1991, Howarth, Foster, &

New York University, A theory of cognitive dissonance

(Consistency Balance theory )

( Functional theory) to 1960

Social Behaviorism, Human Motivation, and the Conditioning

(Social Learning Theory )

: Social learning and cognitivism

BEM (SELF- ATTRIBUTION

4.22.1. ( RATING SCALE)

4.22.3. LIKERT (SUMMATED RATING SCALE)

Thurstone Guttman Likert

4.22.7. BOGARDUS ( SOCIAL DISTANCE SCALE )

Gordon Foxall Cardiff

Fishbein - Ajzen Fazio