My Korean1 2nd Ed

My
Korean
1
Young-A Cho
In-Jung Cho
Douglas Ling
To our parents
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http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/korean/klec.
Help us improve!
Korean.Studies@arts.monash.edu.au
First edition: August 2009

Second edition, First print run: February 2010
Second edition, Online release: July 2010
CONTENTS
ix
PREFACE
TO THE TEACHER AND THE LEARNER
xiii
1
UNIT 1 ?
Situation Dialogue 1
Greetings
Introducing Yourself
Introducing Others
+ye-yo/i-e-yo am; are; is
13
Korean Names
14
Addressing People at the Office: Titles
16
Addressing Peers at School: seonbae and hubae
18
Addressing Unknown People at the Shops
19
23
Saying Goodbye
24
Greetings, Thanks and Other Expressions
27
31
UNIT 2
Hangeul (Korean Alphabet)
32
Basic Consonants
33
The Pure Vowel
35
Aspirated Consonants
39
Other Pure Vowels ()
42
Writing Syllables
46
Tensed Consonants
49
Pronouncing Final Consonants
51
Combined Vowels
53
Sound Shifts
58
Classroom Expressions
66
24 Basic Consonants and Vowels (Table)
69
Expanded Consonants and Vowels (Table)
70
73
UNIT 3 ?
Discussing likes and dislikes
75
Style of Speech
77
79
Word Order
80
Yes/No Questions
82
Saying Yes and No
83
Vocabulary: Food
84
89
Negative Question Usage
90
Spaces Between Words
91
95
UNIT 4 ?
Asking people where they are going
97
Vocabulary: Places
98
()? as a Greeting
99
103
Destination Particle + to
105
Topic Particle +/
108
111
ii
Coming & Going: , ,
112
115
UNIT 5 ?
Talking about your daily routine
Talking about what you are doing
117
Verb (Doing Words) and their Endings
120
+/, +/, +()
Verb Table: Present Tense Endings
122
Casual Question Verb Endings +/?
126
What
127
131
Vocabulary: Time Words
134
Time Particle + in or at or on
135
Location Particle + in or at
137
143
Asking Opinions ()?
145
Adjective (Describing Words) and Their Endings
147
+/, +/, +()
Adjective Table: Present Tense Endings
150
Vocabulary: Transitional Words
152
155
UNIT 6 ?
Talking about the time
Making appointments
Talking about class timetables
157
Spaces Between Words Revisited
159
: Which..?; What kind of ..?; What..?
160
iii
Vocabulary: Question Words
161
Vocabulary: Study Words
161
Telling the Time: # oclock
162
: How many..?; What..?; How (old)..?
163
Suggestions 1: + Lets
168
171
+ +: from till
174
Suggestions 2: +()? Shall we?
178
183
UNIT 7 ?
191
Talking about past events
193
Verb and Adjectives: Past Tense Endings
195
205
can not or did not because of inability -
208
unintentionally
+ It's because...
210
213
and + and; and then
216
Three ands: +, + and
218
225
UNIT 8
Ordering in a caf or restaurant
227
Asking for Something in a Shop
229
235
+() I want; I will
238
Counting Nouns
242
iv
251
Restaurant Related Expressions
255
Pure Korean Numbers
256
Noun +, +(), +/ and
262
265
UNIT 9 ?
Asking for and giving prices
Asking for a discount
267
am/are/is not
270
How much?
273
Sino-Korean Numbers
274
Telling the Time: # minutes
286
289
Rate and Ratio Particle + per
292
Delimiter Particle + only
293
299
Demonstrative Pronouns:
301
(this), (that) , (that over there) and (which)
Vocabulary: Colour Terms
302
Vocabulary: Consumer Items
304
313
UNIT 10 ?
Talking about yourself and your family
315
Expressing Your Age
318
Addressing Peers at School:
319
Education System in Korea
320
323
Vocabulary: Faculties and Departments
326
Word Contractions
328
331
Vocabulary: Family
334
Honorific Subject and Topic Particles
338
Possessive Pronouns
340
Vocabulary: Occupations
342
/ ? Would you mind telling me ?
344
Sending a Text Message
350
TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS
355
APPENDIX
Notes for Verb and Adjective Tables
374
Special Conjugation Rules of Verb and Adjective
376
Appendix 1: Copular be
378
Appendix 2: Verb Present Tense Endings
380
Appendix 3: Verb Past Tense Endings
384
Appendix 4: Verb Future Tense Endings
388
Appendix 5: Verbs with
392
+()()?; +()(), +()()?,

+()?; +()(), +
Appendix 6: Verbs with + ; +
396
398
+(), +/() & +() ()

400
+(), +/() & +() ()

Appendix 9: Casual Verb Endings
402
+/, +/, +() ;

+()?; +(); +()
Appendix 10: Adjective Present Tense Endings
406
Appendix 11: Adjective Past Tense Endings
414
vi
Appendix 12: Adjective Future Tense Endings
422
Appendix 13: Adjectives with +; +()
430
Appendix 14: Adjectives with
434
+()(), +/() & () ()

Appendix 15: Adjectives with
438
+(), +/() & +() ()

Appendix 16: Casual Adjective Endings
442
+/, +/, +()

Appendix 17: Particles and Suffixes
446
Appendix 18: Korean Editing Symbols and Handwriting Sheet
448
vii
Preface
This textbook began its life as a personal collection of language activities

which complemented the textbook Learning Korean: New Directions 1,
(Pilot Edition 1) used in some Australian universities including Monash
University where we started teaching Korean in 1992. In 1995, this meagre
collection grew into a textbook of its own entitled Lets Speak Korean. The
following year the book went through a major change when Douglas Ling, a
former student of ours and a lecturer in Film Studies at RMIT University (as a
matter of fact, he is happily retired now), started helping us to rephrase the
grammar explanations to be more suitable for Australian learners. The book
title also changed to Talking to Koreans and we started to build a Korean
language learning web site based on the book and kept all the materials on the
site open to the public.
This open access policy was part of our efforts to promote Korean
language in Australia as well as around the world and to help other Korean
language educators who strove to provide a better learning environment
because of a dearth of Korean language learning materials. During the
following years, we kept modifying the book based on students feedback and
needs, added more learning materials to the web, as well as making another
title change into the current My Korean in 1998. However, in late 2006, we
lost a significant amount of our on-line materials when our university
introduced a new university-wide content management system. Only the
small amount but most important materials, have been migrated into the new
system with generous assistance from the Faculty of Arts. This situation was
somewhat disastrous, however, it gave us a chance to rethink not only the
whole project but also about our approach to teaching, resulting in another
major rewrite for the book.
ix
We have changed all the situation dialogues to make them more

authentic. In particular, we have broken away from the conventional method
of using mainly polite styles of speech throughout the entire book, because
this method tends to create highly unauthentic situations. For example, this
method created a very unlikely situation where two close friends used the
polite style of speech to each other. Therefore, we have used different styles
of speech which are appropriate to each situation, resulting in the use of close
friend style of speech in most cases. This style of speech is also more
appropriate for our students because they can immediately use it when they
talk to one another or when they talk to their Korean friends.
Another major change is the use of comics for every situation
dialogue to provide more extra-linguistic cues. When we communicate, we
use all kind of extra-linguistic cues available to make sense out of each
others speech. However, text-only dialogues lack these extra-linguistic cues
and make a students job of making sense out of an already foreign language a
lot harder. In order to solve this problem, we have used comics alongside the
recording of each situation dialogue, turning the dialogue multimodal and as
close as to that of a real situation. This multimodal dialogue allows learners
make meaning by using a crucial combination of words, graphics and sound.
Now, we should like to thank all those who have contributed in
different ways to this book:
To the Korea Foundation for the 2008 grant which made it possible to
include the comics for the situation dialogues and gave us the last push
into finishing this book;
To Ju Han Lee from Yeundoo Studio in Korea (http://yeundoo.com) for

the front cover design and the comics for the situation dialogues, and
Lae-Young Lee for her assistance with comic storyboard descriptions;
To Hye-Jung Kim for most of the illustrations other than the situation
dialogue comics;
To Joel Atkinson, Erin Fitzgerald, Stephen Gartlan and Vicky Ryan for
formatting and editing;
To Youngsam Moon for providing invaluable information about

contemporary Korean expressions used by young people and for various
administrative works including organising a recording party and taking
part in it himself;
To Jihee Jung, Youngsun Hwang, Seongin Choi, Moon Chung and

Seonghwan Ahn for volunteering to do the recording;
To all the past and current students for their valuable feedback and
insights which they have let us gain through the collaborative exploration
of learning the language;
To Jung Sim Kim, Korean studies subject librarian at Monash University

for her hard work in building up the great Korean collection which was
invaluable in writing this book;
To our colleagues at the School of Languages, Cultures and Linguistics at

Monash University, in particular, Robert Irving, Bruce Jacobs, Helen
Marriott, Gloria Davies and Alison Tokita for their support and
encouragement;
And last but not least to our good friends, Lendriani and Nigel Thursfield,
Vicky and William Quek, Janet and Jim Murray, and Douglas and Helena
Ling for their love and support.
Following our open access policy, this book and its accompanying
audio files are licensed under the Creative Commons

Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.5 Australia License in the hope
that this book will make a small contribution to the development of Korean
language education throughout the world. As one of Less Commonly Taught
Languages, Korean still suffers from a dearth of learning materials. Korean
teachers often have to design their courses and develop learning materials that
suit their students on top of their normal teaching duties, let alone their fight
to keep the Korean program alive. We have met many marvelous teachers
xi
over the years and they have been our inspiration. We hope this book will
help those teachers in their efforts of creating a better learning environment
for their students.
To all, many thanks again for your assistance and encouragement.
Melbourne
Young-A Cho
10 July, 2009
In-Jung Cho
xii
To the teacher and the learner

This book is primarily written for a Korean language university course for
beginners, but it may be used in other settings including self-study. The
guidelines, therefore, are focused on teaching or learning in a university
setting, but we suggest that all the users of the book read them regardless of
whether you are a teacher or a student enrolled in a course or you are using it
on your own for independent study.
Objectives
This book is an introduction to contemporary Korean, with special emphasis
on spoken usage for everyday situations. It introduces learners to the Korean
alphabet and everyday situations in Korean culture to help them acquire
survival Korean.
Basic Approach
Our experiences of teaching Korean for more than two decades and the
results of language learning research tell us that a good foundation of
language structures is essential for learners to be successful. This book,
therefore, concentrates on giving learners a good working knowledge of the
basic structure and grammar of the Korean language with a limited number of
vocabulary items that are frequently used in everyday situations. Once they
acquire this knowledge, they can expand their vocabulary quite easily on their
own as need arises. This approach can also maximise small contact hours
(usually four to five hours a week) available in many university settings.
Structure of the book
This book is organised into ten units and is basically taught one unit per week
in one semester. Each unit is composed of three situation dialogues, grammar
xiii
explanations and various tasks such as role plays, listening, writing and
reading.
The first two units are essentially about some Korean sounds and the
Korean alphabet. Unit One presents usual greetings and introductions
through which learners familiarize themselves with the sounds of the Korean
language. Unit Two deals with the Korean alphabet and is the only unit
without any situation dialogues. Once the students learn the Korean
alphabetic symbols and how these are put together to create meaningful
sounds, they should be able to improve their skills of reading aloud Korean
writing over the course of the rest of the book.
Unit Three and Four introduce the basic Korean sentence structure,
which is in the order of Subject-Object-Verb, compared to the English order
of Subject-Verb-Object. You should not try to understand all of the
expressions in the situation dialogues in Unit Three. We have tried to make
the situation dialogues as natural as possible and this has resulted in the
inclusion of a few expressions that are a bit challenging at this early stage of
learning.
Unit Five is a crucial one which deals with verb conjugations for the
first time. It shows how to attach present tense endings to verb stems, which
are one of many to follow. It is, therefore, vital that students fully grasp this
grammar point.
Unit Six deals with how to make simple suggestions and also
introduces pure Korean numbers one to twelve in the form of telling the time.
This is done deliberately to prepare the learners for the counting nouns to be
introduced in Unit Eight, and also to expose them to the forms of pure Korean
numbers one to four used in conjunction with counting nouns before they
learn the full forms of these numbers.
Unit Seven deals with the past tense verb endings. Once the students
learn these, they can virtually talk about the events of all three tenses, that is,
past, present and future time because the present tense endings in Korean can
be used for many future events as well. Unit Eight and Nine are essentially
xiv
about buying things that involves the learning of pure Korean numbers and
Sino-Korean numbers. Unit Ten presents how to talk about yourself and your
family.
There are eighteen appendices. Appendices One to Sixteen have verb
and adjective conjugation tables. Appendix Seventeen is a list of the particles
and suffixes covered in the book. Appendix Eighteen is a list of basic Korean
editing symbols and a handwriting sheet, which can be used for writing
practice or writing assignments.
Situation dialogues, role plays and listening tasks
As mentioned above, each unit is composed of three situation dialogues,
grammar explanations and various tasks such as role plays, listening, writing
and reading. The situation dialogues, role plays and listening tasks require
some explanation.
The situation dialogues are presented in two modes: comics and
text-only mode. Comics are used to provide extra-linguistic cues which are
normally available when we communicate. The comics and the recording of
each situation dialogue provide multimodal language input to help students
job of making meaning. There are also some differences in spellings used in
the comics and the corresponding text-only dialogue. We use the colloquial
version in the comics to show how some words are pronounced differently
from their standard spellings.
The situation dialogues are also presented in two settings: the Korean
setting and the Australian setting. The first setting involves mainly two
Korean university students, Minseo Kim and Jihun Park. The second setting
revolves around three university students, Minjun Kim, Paul Smith and
Hyeonu Lee, who are studying in Australia. The presence of any of these
characters will tell you in which setting each dialogue is taking place.
The role plays are somewhat mechanical and different from those
based on communicative methods. They are to provide a more interesting
setting for the practice of speaking and listening. They can, however, be used
xv
as a basis for the more communicative nature of role plays by encouraging the
students to be more creative and to play with the language.
The listening tasks are from our old out-of-print listening book
Elementary Task-Centered Listening Comprehension of Korean 1, which was
published in 1994 and later changed its title into Korean Through Active
Listening 1. The listening book was always used alongside the textbook until
it became out of print in early 2008. This development has allowed the
incorporation of the listening tasks into the textbook, resulting in the more
rounded and user-friendly textbook. We have to admit that the expressions in
the listening tasks are not as natural as they should be, but they still provide
good input via listening, which is very important in language learning. The
listening tasks do not have answer keys. It has only the transcript at the end of
the book and the learners are required to find the answers themselves first by
listening and then by reading.
Romanisation
This book has used the Korean government romanisation system.
xvi
1
?
Unit Focus:
Greetings and Introductions
o Greetings
o Introducing Yourself
o Introducing Others
o +ye-yo/i-e-yo am; are; is
o Korean Names
o Addressing People at the Office: Titles
o Addressing Peers at School: seonbae and
hubae
o Addressing Unknown People at the Shops
o Saying Goodbye
o Greeting, Thanks and Other Expressions
UNIT 1 ?
UNIT 1 ?
Paul, Minseo, Minjun and Jihun are introducing themselves.
Kim
Annyeonghaseyo?
Hello,
Minseo:
Jeoneun Kim Minseoyeyo.
Im inseo Kim.
Yeonse daehakgyoeseo
Im majoring in English
yeongmunhak
Literature at Yonsei
jeongonghaeyo.
Uri oppayeyo.
University.
This is my older brother.
(Lit. our older brother)
Kim
Annyeonghaseyo?
Hello,
Minjun:
Kim Minjunimnida.
Im Minjun Kim.
Hoju Monash daehakgyo
Im an exchange student from
gyohwanhaksaengimnida.
Monash University in
Je chingu Paulimnida.
Australia.
This is my friend, Paul.
Paul
Annyeonghaseyo?
Hello.
Smith:
Paul Smithimnida.
Im Paul Smith.
Jeodo Monash daehak
Im also a student from
haksaengimnida.
Monash University.
Hangugeohago gyeongjehak
gongbuhamnida.
I study Korean language and

economics.
Park
Jeoneun minseo namja chingu
Im Minseos boyfriend, Jihun
Jihun:
Park Jihunirago hamnida.
Park.
(Mineso squints at Jihun.)
(Mineso squints at Jihun.)
Namja chingu aniyeyo.
Hes not my boyfriend.
Kim
Minseo:
The romanization used in this textbook is the official Korean language

romanization system in the Republic of Korea.
UNIT 1 ?
Vocabulary
Annyeonghaseyo? Hello; How
do you do?
gyohwan
haksaeng
exchange
student
jeoneun
jeo I /me
+neun topic
particle
am/are/is
{polite}
chingu
friend
jeodo
jeo I/me +do

also/too
yeonse daehakgyo
Yonsei
University
daehak
university
+eseo
at; in
haksaeng
student
yeongmunhak
English
literature
hangugeo
Korean
(language)
jeongonghaeyo
major in
hago
and; with
je
my
gyeongjehak economics
oppa
older brother
(term used by
females)
am/are/is
{polite}
gongbu
hamnida
study{formal}
namja
chingu
Boyfriend
+imnida
am/are/is
{formal}
+irago
hamnida
am/is called
{formal}
hoju
Australia
aniyeyo
am/are/is not
monaesi
daehakgyo
Monash
University
+yeyo
+ieyo
UNIT 1 ?
Greetings
There are three basic ways to greet someone in Korean, depending on what
degree of politeness and/or formality the situation requires:
?
An-nyeong?
(Very casual not used among adults)
?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
(Honorific)
?
An-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka?
(Honorific, formal)
1) Generally, you should use the honorific form:

Jack:
?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
Olivia: ?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
2) However, when a student greets a teacher, the formal expression can be

used:
Student:
,1 ?
Seon-saeng-nim, an-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka?
Teacher: ?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
UNIT 1 ?
3) And when two young people bump into each other on the street, they can
just say ? (An-nyeong?). Or they might say:
Amanda:
Susan,1 ?
Susan, eo-di ga-ni? (Susan, are you going somewhere?)
Susan:
, .
Eung, eo-di ga.
(Yeah, I am. Lit. I am going somewhere.)
Note 1: The student addresses the teacher by the title (Seon-saengnim), which is respectful. On the other hand, Amanda just addresses her
close friend by name. (There will be more on titles later).
UNIT 1 ?
Introducing Yourself
After greeting somebody for the first time, you can say:
. Its nice to meet you.

Man-na-seo ban-gap-seum-ni-da.
OR
Im pleased to meet you.
Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da.
And then introduce yourself:
Robert .
(I) am Robert.
Robert-im-ni-da.
Robert . (I) am Robert. (Lit. I am called Robert.)

Robert-ra-go ham--ni-da.
You may have noticed that the pronoun I is omitted, as is normally the
case in Korean sentences where the subject is obvious.
When referring to the person you are addressing, the Korean pronoun for
you is almost never used:
Robert ?
Are (you) Robert?
Robert-ni?
(Casual)
UNIT 1 ?
Introducing Others
When introducing somebody, you can use:
() .
(Honorific)
I-bun-eun Kim Seon-saeng-nim-i-se-yo

This (distinguished person) is Mr. Kim.
() John .
(Polite)
I-tchog-eun John-i-e-yo.
This (person) is John.
Paul .
(Formal)
Je chin-gu Paul-im-n-ida.
This is my friend, Paul.
Paul .
(Casual)
Paul-i-ya.
This is Paul.
You will notice that the term for this (person) is different in each sentence,
and so is the final ending. The term and ending used in the first sentence
show a greater level of respect, and are termed honorific. ( literally
means this distinguished person, whereas literally means over
here.) You can also introduce someone without saying This is in casual
speech. The use of different verb endings will be introduced in the next unit.
UNIT 1 ?
+i-e-yo/ye-yo am; are; is

We use ending + (i-e-yo) or + (ye-yo) when we want to say
who someone is. In English, you have to change the verb to be depending
on who you are talking about. For example I am..., You are..., She is
..., They are.... However, in Korean, the change is dependant on the last
letter of the persons name is a vowel or consonant.
If the noun ends in a vowel: + (ye-yo)

.
I am Minseo Kim.
Jeo-neun Kim Minseo-ye-yo.
If it ends in a consonant: + (i-e-yo)

.
I am Minjun Kim.
Jeo-neun Kim Minjun-i-e-yo.

This structure has the general form A is B (when B is a noun and not an
adjective) and is therefore widely used. Note that A must be a noun,
pronoun or wh-question word, and B must be a noun and not an adjective.
For example, you cannot use this form to say He is stupid. You will study
this in more detail further on.
The very casual version of + (i-e-yo) or + (ye-yo) is + (i-ya)
or + (ya) which follow the exactly same rule explained above. The formal
version however has only one form, + (im-ni-da).
Noun + i-e-yo/ye-yo
(Polite)
Noun + i-ya/ya
(Casual)
Noun + im-ni-da
(Formal)
10
UNIT 1 ?
Task 1: Role Play

Introduce yourself to the other students, using the dialogue below.
[ Example Dialogue 1]
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
How do you do?
[Name]-im-in-da
Im [name].
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
How do you do?
[Name]-( i)-e-yo
Im [name].
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
How do you do?
[Name]-( i)-ra-go-ham-ni-da
Im [name].
How do you do?
[Name]-( i)-ra-go-ham-ni-da
Im [name].
UNIT 1 ?
11
12
UNIT 1 ?
13
UNIT 1 ?
Kim Yeongjun is meeting a businessman, Robert Irving, at the airport.
Irving: Annyeonghasimnikka?
Kim:
How do you do?
Robert Irvingimnida.
Im Robert Irving.
Annyeonghasimnikka?
How do you do?
Kim Yeongjunimnida. .
Im Kim Yongjun.
Irving: Mannaseo bangapseumnida.
Its nice to meet you.
Kim:
Its a pleasure to meet you.
Cheoeum boepgetseumnida.
Note: When businessmen from different companies meet, they will

normally shake hands and exchange name cards ( myeong-ham).
Vocabulary
Annyeonghasimnikka?
How do you do? {honorific, formal}
+imnida.
am/are/is {formal}
mannaseo
[manna meet +seo because]
bangapseumnida
feel delighted {formal}
cheoeum
the first time
boepgetseumnida
meet (with pleasure) {formal}
14
UNIT 1 ?
Korean Names
Korean names consist of a family name followed by a given name. Most
Korean given names are comprised of two syllables, though some only have
one.
The three most common family names in Korea are (Kim), (Yi, often
written Lee), and (Park). Together, these three names account for around
45% of the population.
Family name groups are divided by patrilineal decent into branches or clans.
(There are about 280 such branches of Kim). Until recently, it was illegal
for people of the same branch to marry, no matter how distantly related.
Branches are usually identified by a place name where the clan is said to
have originated, such as Kyeongju Kim.
Common Korean family names:
Kim
Yi
Pak
Choe
Cheong
Cho
Chang
Yun
Sin
Han
Hong
Yu
Kang
Song
Korean given names are typically comprised of Sino-Korean characters,

(hanja), traditionally chosen with the help of a fortune-teller. Some
parents now give their children names that can only be written in the Korean
alphabet, (hangeul).
15
UNIT 1 ?
Below are the top five baby names for boys and girls in 2006, often used in
television dramas:
(Male)
Minjun
Minjae
Jihun
Hyeonu
Junseo
(Female)
Seoyeon
Minseo
Subin
Seohyeon
Minji
The following are common names in 1975 and 1945 respectively. Note the
female names from 1945 end with ja, equivalent to the ko common in
Japanese female names. This reflects the Japanese colonial period, which
ended in that year:
1975
1945
(Male)
Jeonghun
Seongho
Seonghun
(Female)
Miyeong
Eunjeong
Eunju
(Male)
Yeongsu
Yeongho
Yeongsik
(Female)
Yeongja
Jeongja
Sunja
16
UNIT 1 ?
Addressing People at the Office: Titles

In Korea titles are very important in showing respect to someone with a
higher position than you. Therefore, if someone has a title and you know it,
you must use it. For example, if someone is a manager, you will call them
managernim, even if they are not your manager. You will notice that that
these titles have nim at the end of them, which is used to show respect to
seniors.
Other titles for superiors include:
Professor Smith
Smith gyo-su-nim
Company President Kim
Kim sa-jang-nim
Examples:
(1)
Mr. Park, please have a seat.
Pak Seon-saeng-nim an-jeu-se-yo.

(2)
(A police officer addressing a well-dressed older man.)

, .
Sir, please move over there.
Seonsaengnim, jeojjogeuro gasipsio.
When people have no title and are of equal or lower status than you, you can
use their full name + (ssi). For example, if the lowest person in the office
is called Yeong-Jun Kim, you would refer to them as Kim Yeong-Jun ssi.
It is rude however to use ssi, if you are a junior to the person you are
addressing.
UNIT 1 ?
17
ssi should also be used after someones given name where there is equal
status, but it is offensive to address anyone by their surname and (ssi),
such as (Kim ssi), so be careful! It is also not used between people
in the same gender, so it is best to avoid this title at this stage!
18
UNIT 1 ?
Addressing Peers at School: seonbae and

hubae
In Korea, age is very important in establishing the relationship between
speakers. Therefore, when you are at university, you will address people in
the years above or below you with special titles.
The title for someone in a year above you is (seonbae) and
(hubae) is used for someone in a lower year level. For example, if you are
a 2nd year student, you are the seonbae of a 1st year student and hubae of
a 3rd year student.
If you are not very close to a person in an older year level, you would add
the respectful (nim) to the title, so that they are called seonbae-nim.
However, if you are very close to someone in an older year, you may also
one of the kinship terms (hyeong, nuna, eonni, oppa ).
UNIT 1 ?
19
Addressing Unknown People at the Shops

Although shop assistants wear name tags, they will never use their given
name to introduce themselves. (You will never have someone say Hi,
Please call me Sam to you in Korea, even though this might be appropriate
in Australia.)
Depending on the shop, the shop assistant will use sonnim (customer) or
gogaek-nim (distinguished customer) for you, or sometimes a kinship term.
For example, a young clerk at the bank may address a customer with the
polite and neutral term seonsaeng-nim (Mr/Ms/Teacher) or gogaek-nim
(Dear customer).
In the market, for young girls, they might use eonni, for middle aged
women ajumma, and for middle aged men (and maybe younger men too)
ajeossi'. Elderly customers are referred to as harabeoji for men and
halmeoni for women.
If you need to call out to a staff member to attract their attention, the term
you use depends on the type of business. If you are at a caf or restaurant,
you can use a kinship term, for example to a young female waitress using
"eonni" (literally older sister) if you are a female, but usually people don't
use any term but simple say "yeogiyo" (literally over here!) to catch their
attention. If you are in a shop, you can use kinship terms as described above
(i.e. eonni, ajumma, ajeossi, harabeoji, halmeoni, etc.).
20
UNIT 1 ?
Task 2: Role Play

Move around the classroom and introduce yourself to the other students,
using the dialogue below. Write down your classmates names in Korean
if possible.
[ Example Dialogue]
A:
B:
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
How do you do?
[Name]-im-ni-da
Im [name].
Im pleased to meet you.
[Name]-im-in-da
Im [name].
Man-na-seo pan-gap-seumnida.
Glad to meet you.
ireum (name)
21
UNIT 1 ?
Task 3: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
How are you? / How do you do?
.
Man-na-seo ban-gap-seum-ni-da
It's nice to meet you.
A/.
A-i-e-yo/ye-yo
I'm A.
.
I'm pleased to meet you.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
(first or full name) (ssi) polite neutral title such as Mr. and Ms.
Listen carefully to the following dialogue in which two people are

greeting each other. Draw lines connecting pairs of people who are greeting
each other. Ready? Listen!
1. Thomas
a. Yeongjin (male)
2. Susan
b. Sumi (female)
3. Paul
c. Seonyeong (female)
4. Amanda
d. Minseop (male)
22
UNIT 1 ?
23
UNIT 1 ?
Robert Irving is leaving Korea and saying goodbye to Kim Yeongjun.
Irving:
Kim:
Gamsahamnida.
Thank you.
Annyeonghi gyesipsio.
Goodbye.
Annyeonghi gasipsio.
Goodbye.
Minjuns sister is seeing him off as he goes to Australia as an exchange

student.
Minseo:
Oppa, jal ga.
Bye, Minjun.
(Lit. Bye, older brother)
Minjun:
Jal isseo.
Take care.
Minseo:
Jeonhwahae.
Call me.
Minjun:
Arasseo.
Okay.
Vocabulary
gamsahamnida
thank you
annyeonghi
safely/in good health
gyesipsio
stay; be {honorific, formal}
gasipsio
go {honorific, formal}
oppa
older brother (term used by females)
jal
well; safely; much
ga
go {casual}
isseo
stay {casual}
jeonhwahae
ring; call {casual}
arasseo
okay {casual}
24
UNIT 1 ?
Saying Goodbye
When saying goodbye to one who is leaving, you can say:
. An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo.
. An-nyeong-hi ga-sip-s-io. (Honorific, formal)
. Jal ga.
(Honorific)
(Casual)
When you are saying goodbye to one who is staying, you can say:
. An-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo.
. An-nyeon-ghi gye-sip-si-o.(Honorific, formal)
. Jal iss-eo.
(Honorific)
(Casual)
Close friends who are young will just say Annyeong in both
instances.
25
UNIT 1 ?
Task 4: Role Play

When you leave at the end of the class, say good-bye to your teacher (who is
staying) and your classmates (who are leaving).
Task 5: Writing
How should you say goodbye in the following situations?
You are
talking to
at
student
teacher
street
student
teacher
teachers office
student
friend
street
student
friend
friends home
customer
pharmacist
pharmacy
waitress
customer
restaurant
son
mother
home
bank teller
customer
bank
businessman
customer
airport
so you say
Annyeonghi kaseyo.
Danyeoogetseumnida 1
Note 1: Used when you are leaving home but will be coming back later.
26
UNIT 1 ?
Task 6: Listening
(EXPONENT)
Goodbye to one who is leaving.
/.
An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo/ga-sip-s-io.
Goodbye to one who is staying.
/.
An-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo/gye-sip-s-io.
seonsaeng
teacher
+
nim
sir/madam
You are going to hear some dialogue in which two people are saying
goodbye to each other. As you know, Korean has different expressions for
"Goodbye" depending on whether it is directed to someone leaving or
staying. Listen carefully and write down L(eaving) in the box next to the
people who are leaving and S(taying) to the people who are staying. Ready?
Listen!
1. Thomas
Sumi (female)
2. Yeongjin (male)
Susan
3. Paul
(teacher)
seonsaengnim
4. Minseop (male)
Amanda
27
UNIT 1 ?
Greetings, Thanks and Other Expressions

(1)
? An-nyeong?
(Very casual not used among adults)
Hi!
(2)
?
(Honorific)
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
How are you?
(3)
? (Honorific, formal)
How are you?
(4)
.
(Casual)
Man-na-seo ban-ga-wo
Nice to meet you.
(5)
. (Formal)
Man-na-seo ban-gap-seum-ni-da
Pleased to meet you.
(6)
. (Formal)
Its a pleasure to meet you.
(7)
.
(Formal)
O-rae-gan-man-im-ni-da.
Its been a long time.
(8)
.
O-rae-gan-man-i-e-yo.
Long time no see.
(9)
?
Eo-tteo-ke-ji-nae-se-yo?
How are you doing?
(10)
.
Jal-ji-nae-yo.
I am fine.
(11)
.
Geu-jeo-geu-rae-yo.
So-so.
(12)
.
(Formal)
Tto-poep-ge-sseum-ni-da.
Hope to see you again.
(13)
.
Mi-an-ham-ni-da.
(14)
. (Formal)
Neoj-eo-seo mi-an-ham-ni-da.
(Formal)
(Lit. First time see you)
Im sorry.
I am sorry, Im late.
28
UNIT 1 ?
(15)
.
(Formal)
Gwaen-chan-sseum-ni-da.
(16)
.
Gwaen-chan-a-yo.
(17)
.
Gam-sa-ham-ni-da.
Thank you.
(18)
.
Go-map-seum-ni-da.
Thank you.
(19)
.
Go-ma-wo.
(20)
.
Mwol-yo.
Youre welcome.
(21)
.
A-ni-ye-yo.
Youre welcome.
(Lit. It is not.)
(22)
/.
Ne/Ye.
Yes.
(23)
/.
Eung/eo.
Yeah.
(24)
.
Jeo-gi-yo.
Excuse me.
(25)
/.
Jam-kkan-man-yo/Jam-si-man-yo.
Wait a minute, please.
(26)
/ .
A-ni-yo/A-nyo.
No.
(27)
.
A-ni.
Nope./Nah.
(28)
.
Jal ga.
(Casual)
(Casual)
(Casual)
Its all right.
Its O.K.
Thanks
Goodbye
(to someone leaving)
29
UNIT 1 ?
(29)
.
(Honorific)
An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo.
Goodbye
(30)
.(Honorific, formal)
An-nyeong-hi ga-sip-si-o.
Goodbye
(31)
.
Jal iss-eo.
(32)
.
(Honorific)
An-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo.
Goodbye
(to someone staying)
(33)
.(Honorific, formal)
An-nyeong-hi gye-sip-si-o.
Goodbye
(Casual)
Goodbye
30
UNIT 1 ?
Unit Focus:
Reading Hangeul
Writing Hangeul
Sound Shifts
32
UNIT 2
Hangeul
We write English by stringing individual letters together. But when using the
Korean writing system Hangeul, we have to think in terms of syllables. A
simple example is the word Canada - Ca-na-da. In Korean this becomes
. Every Korean syllable occupies the same amount of space, no matter
how many characters are in the syllable, and are written to fit into a square
box. Like English, Hangeul is comprised of consonants and vowels.

kae
Camera
Peter
Mary
Banana
Radio
na
Ca-me-ra
Pe-ter
Ma-ry
Ba-na-na
Ra-di-o
da
ka
me
Ra
pi
teo
me
ri
ba
na
na
ra
di
33
UNIT 2
Basic Consonants
(1)
k/g
(as in kid or game)
(2)
t/d
(as in tiger or dog)
(3)
p/b
(as in pig or bed)
(4)
ch/j
(as in charming or jungle)
(5)
(as in speech)
(6)
(as in mother)
(7)
(as in noise)
(8)
r/l
(as in rain or lily)
(9)
(as in high)
(10)
ng
(as in ring) This sound only applies when is the

final consonant of a syllable. When the same symbol
is used at the start of a syllable it has no sound, and
acts as a dummy consonant for syllables that begin
with a vowel.
Note: According to the original Hunmin Jeongeum text:

depicts the root of the tongue blocking the throat;
depicts the outline of the tongue touching the upper palate;
depicts the outline of the mouth;
depicts the outline of the incisors (the teeth at the front);
depicts the outline of the throat.
The other symbols were derived by adding strokes to the basic ones.
34
UNIT 2
Practise writing the consonants, paying attention to the stroke order shown
below.
Symbol Sound Name

g/k
giyeok
nieun
d/t
digeut
r/l
rieul
mieum
b/p
biup
s/t
siot
/ng
ieung
j/t
jieut
h/t
hieut
35
UNIT 2
The Pure Vowel

The vowel is equivalent to the second and last a in Canada. Practise
writing the consonants on the left with to form syllables.
36
UNIT 2
With these syllables we can now create some Korean words:
(1)
ka-na
Ghana (African country)
(2)
na-ra
country
(3)
ta-ri
leg; bridge
(4)
ra-di-o
radio
(5)
ma-cha
carriage
(6)
pa-da
ocean
(7)
sa-ja
lion
(8)
ja
ruler
(9)
ha-na
one
Each word above is made up of syllables containing an initial consonant and a

vowel. This is a basic rule - every written Korean syllable must contain an
initial consonant and a vowel.
(10)
a-gi
baby
(11)
a-nae
wife
(12)
a-rae
under; below
(13)
a-ma
perhaps
(14)
a-si-a
Asia
(15)
a-ri-a
aria
In this group, there are syllables that begin with the dummy consonant ,
which has no sound. Remember, there has to be a consonant at the beginning
of the syllable!
37
UNIT 2
(16)
sa-rang
love
(17)
san
mountain
(18)
sa-ram
person
(19)
kang
river
(20)
chang-ma
long rain
This last group includes syllables that also have a final consonant. These
syllables must still fit into the square box even though there is an extra
letter. The space occupied by the initial consonant and the vowel is reduced to
allow room underneath for the final consonant.
38
UNIT 2
Task 1: Listen and Write

Listen and fill in the missing first consonant in the space in each box. The first
and second ones have been done for you.
1.
Ghana
2.
river
3.
country
4.
butterfly
5.
....
leg; bridge
6.
radio
7.
mask
8.
hearts and minds
9.
banana
10.
ocean
11.
person
12.
love
13.
lion
14.
baby
15.
Asia
16.
ruler
17.
oneself; you
18.
one (in number)
19.
hippopotamus
20.
but
39
UNIT 2
Aspirated Consonants
(1)
(as in kite)
(2)
(as in tank)
(3)
(as in punk)
(4)
ch
(as in cheese)
Practise writing these aspirated consonants.

Symbol Sound Name
k
kieuk
tieut
pieup
ch/t
chieut
To understand what an aspirated consonant is, put your hand in front of your
lips while saying kite. You can feel a burst of air. The difference between
(an aspirated consonant) and (a simple consonant) is the amount of air you
exhale when you make the sound. When you pronounce , the amount of air
you expel is quite small. This difference is similar to that between
and , and and and .
40
UNIT 2
Now make some syllables with :
Examples:
(1)
cha
tea; car
(2)
cha-pyo
railroad (bus, streetcar) ticket
(3)
ka-deu
card
(4)
ka-me-ra
camera
(5)
ta-ja-gi
typewriter
(6)
ta-i-o
tire
(7)
pa-do
wave
(8)
pa-ri
Paris
UNIT 2
41
Task 2: Listening
(ESSENTIAL LETTERS: Consonants +)
You will practise the Korean consonants with the vowel ''. Draw lines
connecting two letters that you hear. Try to read them aloud on your own
before you begin. Ready? Listen!
42
UNIT 2
Other Pure Vowels

In English there are five pure vowels: a, e, i, o and u. There are also
many combination vowels, like ea in the word wheat, oi in the word noise,
and ou in house. The word Canada illustrates a major problem in learning to
pronounce English. The same letter, in this case a, can have more than one
pronunciation. But happily, in Korean each vowel symbol always represents
the same sound. So once youve learnt the symbols, you will always know
how to pronounce the correct sound.
There are nine pure vowels:
(1)
(as in Canada)
(2)
ae
(as in Canada)
(3)
eo
(as in computer)
(4)
(as in bed)
(5)
(as in book)
(6)
(as in see)
(7)
oe
(as in wet)
The last two pure vowels are harder to pronounce as there are no direct
equivalents in English.
(8)
eu
(If you say the cat sat on the mat stressing cat and
mat, the sound of the unstressed e in the the is close
to this vowel.)
(9)
(This is the hardest to get right. It is somewhere between

the o in hope and the or in horde. The sound comes
from the front of the mouth with your lips forming a
circle.)
UNIT 2
43
Note 1: All vowel symbols are formed by combining the following three
basic elements: depicts heaven; depicts earth; and depicts
humankind.
Mouth position of vowels
As you can see from the diagram below, the vowels in Korean depend on how
open the mouth is when pronounced and whether the sound is produced from
the front of the mouth or the back near the throat. Therefore, it is hard to
distinguish between and as they are both pronounced from a similar
mouth position with only a very slight difference in the opening of the mouth.
Note 2: It is customary for vowels to be preceded by the dummy consonant

when they stand independently: , , , , , , , and .
44
UNIT 2
Now practise writing them with the dummy consonant stroke by stroke:
Symbol Sound
& Name
a
eo
o
u
eu
i
ae
e
oe
UNIT 2
45
Task 3: Listening
(ESSENTIAL LETTERS: Vowels)

You will practise some Korean vowels. Draw lines connecting two letters
that you hear. Try to read them aloud on your own before you begin. Ready?
Listen!
46
UNIT 2
Writing Syllables
As mentioned earlier, every syllable is written to fit into the same imaginary
square boxno matter how many characters are in the syllable. How the box
is divided up depends first on the shape of the vowel. When you look at the
pure vowels, you will see that they have a predominant shape. Thus we can
think of them as being vertical: , horizontal: , or
combined: . Have a look at how the vowel shapes the syllable:
With vertical vowels with no end consonant, the box is divided vertically in
half, with the initial consonant on the left and the vowel on the right:

With vertical vowels with an end consonant, the space for the initial
consonant and vowel is reduced to allow room underneath for the final
consonant:

With horizontal vowels with no end consonant, the box is divided in half
horizontally, with the initial consonant at the top and the vowel at the bottom:

With horizontal vowels with an end consonant, again the end consonant is
placed at the bottom. The initial consonant and vowel are pushed upwards:
47
UNIT 2
Examples:
(1)
lemon
(2)
bus
(3)
supermarket
(4)
ice cream
(5)
album
(6)
orange
(7)
juice
(8)
cassette
(9)
kangaroo
(10)
coffee
(11)
computer
(12)
taxi
(13)
tennis
(14)
television
(15)
piano
(16)
pizza
(17)
hamburger
(18)
hotel
48
UNIT 2
Task 4: Listening
(ESSENTIAL LETTERS: Consonants + Vowels)
You will practise various combinations of Korean consonants and vowels.

Draw lines connecting two letters that you hear. Try to read them aloud on
your own before you begin. Ready? Listen!
49
UNIT 2
Tensed Consonants
(1)
kk
(as in sky)
(2)
tt
(as in stop)
(3)
pp
(as in spy)
(4)
jj
(similar to its easy)
(5)
ss
(as in essence)
A tensed consonant such as sounds like trying to pronounce two at the

same time. It requires more effort and you need to tense the muscles around
your vocal chords.
Now practise writing these consonants:
Symbol Sound Name
kk
ssang
giyeok
tt
ssang
digeut
pp
ssang
bieup
jj
ssang
jieut
ss
ssang
siot
50
UNIT 2
Examples:
(1)
tail
(2)
repeat after me
(3)
(I am) busy
(4)
(It is) salty
(5)
(It is) cheap
51
UNIT 2
Pronouncing Final Consonants

All the consonants except for , and can be final consonants.
However, there are only seven final consonant sounds when pronouncing
individual syllables. These are called Batchim () and have their own
sound:
Consonant
Sound
Example
(1)
cinema
(2)
eye; snow
(3)
listening
(4)
r/ l
foot
(5)
music
(6)
cooked rice; meal
(7)
ng
Singapore
Other final consonants take on one of the above seven end consonant sounds:
Consonant
Sound
Example
(8)
k ()
kitchen
(9)
k ()
cut down
(10)
t ()
clothes
(11)
t ()
bought
(12)
t ()
daytime
(13)
t ()
flower
(14)
t ()
end
(15)
t ()
the name of Korean

letter
(16)
p ()
front
52
UNIT 2
Task 5: Listening
(ESSENTIAL LETTERS: Consonant + Vowel +Consonant)
You will practise Korean letters consisting of 'consonant + vowel +

consonant' and belonging to Korean Family names. Draw lines connecting
the letters in the sequence that you hear. Have a look at the letters and read
them aloud before you begin. The first pair is given as a starting point.
Ready? Listen.
53
UNIT 2
Combined Vowels
There are twelve combination vowels:
i + a, eo, o, u, ae, e
Examples
(1)
ya
(as in yard)
baseball
(2)
yeo
(between yawn and young)
female
(3)
yo
(similar to yor- of New York)
chef
(4)
yu
(as in new)
glass
(5)
yae
(as in yam)
story
(6)
ye
(as in yes)
yes
o + a, ae, i
(7)
wa
(as in Washington)
sweets
(8)
wae
(as in swam)
why
u + o, e, i
(9)
wo
(as in was)
what
(10)
we
(as in wet)
waiter
(11)
wi
(as in weak)
ear
ui
(as in can we
doctor
eu + i
(12)
if you say it quickly)
54
UNIT 2
Now practise writing them with the dummy consonant stroke by stroke:
Symbol Sound
& Name
ya
yeo
yo
yu
yae
ye
wa
wae
wo
we
wi
ui
55
UNIT 2
Task 6: Read Street Signs

Read the following street signs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
56
UNIT 2
Task 7: Listening
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY: Country Names)
Gabon
Namibia
Nigeria
Niger
Libya
Madagascar
Mali
Moroco
Mauritanie
Mozambique
Botswana
Somalia
Sudan
Algeria
Angola
Ethiopia
Egypt
Zaire
Zambia
Chad
Kenya
Tanzania
In this task, you will continue to practise the alphabet using the names of
African countries. Write down the number of the country that you hear next to
the country name on the map below. Have a look at the map and read aloud
the country names before you begin. Ready? Listen!
UNIT 2
57
58
UNIT 2
Sound Shifts
1. Resyllabification
You will have noticed that some of the consonants are represented by two
roman letters, for example :k/g, : t/d and :p/b. When these consonants
end an individual syllable, we use the k, t, p set of sounds but the sound is cut
off. The same thing can happen in English. Say the words pot, pop, pock very
quickly. You will find that you dont actually make the t, p, k sounds at the
ends of the words. Your mouth goes to a position to make the sounds but
doesnt go through with it. We say that these end consonants are unreleased.
While in English you can say these words more clearly and enunciate the end
consonants, in Korean these t, k, p end consonants are always unreleased
when we say a syllable on its own.
But when we run syllables together, the end sound can shift depending on
what follows. Again the same thing applies in English. Say the following
sentences quickly, and with a bit of a drawl:
look over there
sit on the chair
drop in some time
When you say these quickly, you always sound the k, t, and p at the end of
look, sit and drop. But the sound can also slide: k to g, t to d and p to b. If
you say these consonants in pairs, you will see that the way you use your
mouth to make them is very close. So when you talk quickly, it is very easy to
slide from one to the other. Another example is the phrase sit down. When
you say it quickly, it naturally becomes siddown. It takes more effort to
make distinct t and d sounds and you have to talk more slowly.
59
UNIT 2
People generally like to speak quickly, and the sound shift allows that with
minimum effort. Look at the Korean word for think:
. Saeng-kak-hae-yo.
The romanization represents the pronunciation if you say it very slowly, one
syllable at a time. Practise these separately and then say them quickly,
running them together. You will find that the sounds shift a bit and a smooth
and natural pronunciation is saenggakaeyo.
For the same reason:
is not chaek-i
but
chaegi
is not meok-eo-yo
but
meogeoyo
but
mianhamnida
but
hangeul.
is not mi-an-hap-ni-ta
is not han-keul
2. Consonant assimilation
The nasal consonants are and . To keep pronunciation easy and flowing
some consonants get changed before these two consonants as shown below:
Some p-based sounds become m:
,
sound
Some t, s, ch, and h-based sounds become n:

, , , , , ,
sound
60
UNIT 2
k/g based sounds become ng, like in English singer (not sin-ger)
, ,
sound
Examples
Spelling
Pronunciation
also has its own assimilation rules. If and come together, the
wins (dont say the at all). It means the n BECOMES an l. If comes
before an or y sound the sound is doubled. More of an l sound
than an r sound.
double (l) sound
+ (, , , , etc.)
double (l) sound
Examples
Spelling
Pronunciation
These changes are made to keep pronunciation economical.

Have you ever wondered how Koreans seem to be able to speak so fast?
61
UNIT 2
3. Tensification
The following shows the difference between untensed and tensed consonants
in Korean:
Untensed
Tensed
Sometimes its easier to tense a consonant when its before another strong
consonant, rather than assimilating it like we did with the nasal consonants
and .
Examples
Spelling
Pronunciation
62
UNIT 2
4. Aspiration and weakening

The h sound is very weak in English as well as Korean. For example, when
you pronounce hour it sounds like our. The tends to become silent in
casual speech between vowels, after the nasal consonants and , or after
the consonant .
Examples
Spelling
Pronunciation
When precedes or follows immediately , , or , it becomes silent

but making these soft consonants harder (or aspirated):
Softer
Harder
Examples
Spelling
Pronunciation
UNIT 2
63
You dont have to think of these sound shifts as a set of rules that you must
learn. If you practise saying the syllables quickly, running them together, the
reason for the shifts will become obvious, and eventually altering your
pronunciation in this way will become natural.
Pronouncing Korean is relatively easy because, apart from these sound shifts,
Korean words sound the way they look. As you will be introduced to new
words, sentences, and the like, through printed text, it is important that you
devote some time to learning Hangeul.
64
UNIT 2
Task 8: Read and Match

Write the capital cities next to the appropriate Australian state or territory
underneath. The first one has been done for you.
Capital Cities
a.
e.
b.
f.
c.
g.
d.
h.
State or Territory
Capital City
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
65
UNIT 2
Task 9: Read and Match

Write the capital cities next to the appropriate country underneath. The first
one has been done for you.
Capital Cities
a.
h.
b.
i.
c.
j.
d.
k.
e.
l. (Paris)
f.
m.
g.
Country
Capital City
Country
1.
8.
2. /
9. (Japan)
3. (Germany)
10. (China)
4.
11.
5. (USA)
12.
6. (England)
13. /
7.
Capital City
66
UNIT 2
(1)
.
Chaek pyeoseyo.
Open your book.
(2)
.
Jal deureuseyo.
Listen carefully.
(3)
.
Ttara haseyo.
Repeat after me.
(4)
.
Ilgeo boseyo
Please read.
(5)
.
Daedapae boseyo.
Answer (the question).
(6)
.
Sseo boseyo.
Please write it.
(7)
?
Algesseoyo?
Do you understand?
(8)
, .
Ne, algesseoyo.
Yes, I understand.
(9)
[] .
[Anyo] jal moreugenneundeyo.
No, I dont really

understand
(10) ?
Jilmun isseoyo?
Do you have any questions?
(11) , .
Ne, inneundeyo.
Yes, I have (a question).
(12) [] .
[Jilmun] eomneundeyo
I dont have (any questions).
(13) [] .
Please speak/say it slowly.
Cheoncheonhi [malsseum]hae juseyo.
67
UNIT 2
(14) .
Ijeobeoryeonneundeyo.
Ive forgotten.
(15) Test ?
Test hangugeoro mwoyeyo?
How do you say test in

Korean?
(16) .
Siheomirago haeyo.
You say siheom.
(17) .
Hangungmallo haseyo.
Please speak/say it in Korean.
(18) .
Dasi hanbeon hae boseyo
Try it again.
(19) .
Majasseoyo.
Thats correct.
(20) .
Teullyeonneundeyo.
Thats not right.
(21) .
Oneureun iman hagesseoyo.
Well stop here today.
68
UNIT 2
69
UNIT 2
24 Basic Consonants and Vowels
/ng
ch
ya
eo
yeo
yo
yu
eu
70
UNIT 2
Expanded Consonants and Vowels
kk
tt
pp
ss
/ng
jj
ch
ae
ya
yae
eo
yeo
ye
wa
71
UNIT 2
Expanded Consonants and Vowels (Continued)
kk
tt
pp
ss
/ng
jj
ch
wae
oe
yo
wo
we
wi
yu
eu
ui
72
UNIT 2
3
?
Unit Focus:
Discussing Likes and Dislikes
o Style of Speech
o Word Order
o Yes/No Questions
o Saying Yes and No
o Vocabulary: Food
o Negative Question Usage
o Spaces Between Words
74
UNIT 3 ?
75
UNIT 3 ?
Minjuns Korean friend Hyeonu is picking him up at Melbourne airport.
:
, .
, .
, .
?
, .
, ?
, .
Romanisation and Translation

Hyeonu:
Minjuna, yeogiya.
Hey Minjun, over here!
Minjun:
Eo, geurae.
Oh, right.
Ya, oraenmanida.
Hey, its been a while.
Jal jinaesseo?
How ya been?
Geureom, jal jinaeji.
Oh, alright.
Geunde, neo an pigonhae?
Hey arent you tired?
Hyeonu:
(Lit. By the way, arent you tired?)

Minjun:
Gwaenchana.
Im fine.
Hyeonu:
Gabang jwo.
Give us your bag.

(Lit. Give me the bag.)
Minjun:
Anya, an mugeowo.
No, its not heavy.
76
UNIT 3 ?
Vocabulary
+
casual ending for addressing a person with their first name.

+ is used when the persons name ends in a consonant (eg.
) and+ is used for a vowel (eg. ).
here
oh; yeah
indeed
long time no see.

been well
yes; in that case
been well; am well
by the way; but
you
not
tired
okay
bag
give
no/nah
heavy
Note: At this stage you do not need to understand all the grammar presented
in the situation dialogues. It will be helpful to memorise expressions even
though you may not understand how they are constructed.
77
UNIT 3 ?
Style of Speech
You have seen that Korean has different styles of speech depending on the
relationship between the speakers. The four most commonly used are:
1) ?
(Honorific, formal)
2) ?
(Honorific)
3) ?
(Polite)
4) ?
(Casual)
Styles (1) and (2) are honorific and are used when you need to be polite. Style
(1) is also formal. Style (4) is used among close friends or when you speak to
younger family members. Style (3) is polite and informal. This is used when
you talk informally to people you dont know well who are of similar status to
you. It is also used when you speak to people you feel close to, if they are a bit
older than you and their social status is higher than yours.
Korean verbs consist of a stem which carries the basic meaning -
(like), and an ending such as + as in (1), + as in (2), and so on,
which carries a grammatical function (past, present, or future, statement,
question, or request, politeness, etc.).
78
UNIT 3 ?
79
UNIT 3 ?
Hyeonu is showing Minjun around Melbourne and it is about lunch time.
:
... .
? ?
, .

Hyeonu:
Bae an gopa?
You hungry?
(Lit. Arent you hungry)
Minjun:
Eo... yakgan.
Yeah, a bit.
Hyeonu:
Jeomsim mwo meogeullae?
Whaddaya want for lunch?
Pija joahae?
Pizza ok?
Minjun:
Pija Geureom.
Pizza? Alright.
Hyeonu:
Geureom, uri pija meokja.
Pizza it is then.
(Lit. Then lets eat pizza.)
Vocabulary

hungry
what
not
pizza
yeah; oh
like
a little
of course
yes; in that case
we
lunch
lets eat
What will you eat?
80
UNIT 3 ?
Word Order
Language has a structure. Look at the examples below:
a)
like
pizza.
(Subject)
(Verb)
(Object)
pizza
like.
(Subject)
(Object)
(Verb)
b)
The obvious difference between them is the order of the words. Why dont
people say sentence (b)? English sentences follow a basic Subject-VerbObject pattern as in (a). The Korean pattern is Subject-Object-Verb as in (b).
The verb always comes at the end of the sentence.
Here are the Korean counterparts of I, like, and pizza:
I
like
pizza.
Now, lets say I like pizza in Korean. (subject) comes first, and then
(object) second, and (verb) last. Therefore, I like pizza in
Korean is:
1)
pizza
like
81
UNIT 3 ?
You may think you have learnt only one sentence, .
However, if we replace with (Robert), (coffee) or
(ice cream) - just a few of the words you have learnt so far - you
can already make lots of Korean sentences:
2) .
3) .
4) .
Before we go on any further, we have to learn one more thing about the above
sentence pattern. When we talk about ourselves, we usually add a topic
particle to (I) or (we). Therefore, sentences (1) - (4) could be
changed as follows:
5)
82
UNIT 3 ?
Yes/No Questions
In the previous section we learnt how to make a simple statement such as
. Turning this into a question is quite simple. You just
say ? with a rising intonation.
So if a sentence has a rising intonation at the end, it becomes a question:
a) ?
(Do you) like pizza?
And if it has a falling intonation, it becomes a statement:

b) .
I like pizza.
You may be asking what has happened to the pronoun you in the question
form. As mentioned in Unit 1 Introducing Yourself, the equivalent Korean
pronouns of I, you, he/she, it and they are normally omitted when it is
obvious in context to whom or what you are referring. In particular, the
Korean pronoun for you is hardly ever used, unless the speakers are very
close. To use it in any other situation is very insulting. The most common
strategy when you are addressing someone is either to omit a subject
altogether, or to use the persons name instead.
For example:
(1) () ?
(Do you) like pizza?
(Casual)
(2) , ?
Robert, do you like pizza?
(Casual)
83
UNIT 3 ?
Saying Yes and No

Now, lets learn how to say yes or no to the above question.
Casual
Polite
Yes
or
No
If you like pizza, you can just say (yes), or say and repeat the verb
as in the dialogue below. In English, we can add I do as in Yes, I
do. But in Korean, simply repeat the verb.
(1)
Friend 1:
Do you like pizza?
Friend 2:
, .
Yes, I do.
If you dont like pizza, you can just say (no) to your friend. You can also
add the verb, but in this case you have to use the negative of the verb (just as
in English you say no, I dont) which you can form by putting the negative
word right before the verb as in the dialogue below.
(2) Friend 1:
Friend 2:
Do you like pizza?
, .
No, I dont.
However, it sounds too direct, so an indirect reply is often used, as in the

dialogue below.
(3) Friend 1:
Friend 2:
Do you like pizza?
Not really. (Lit. Not particularly).
In Korean, it is considered impolite to say no directly. Instead, you would

normally give an excuse or reason without actually saying (no). For
example, if someone asked you if you had a spare moment to lend them a
hand, you might reply with ( I am a little bit busy).
84
UNIT 3 ?
Vocabulary: Food
(Fruit)
apple
strawberry
orange
watermelon
grape
grapefruit
pear
peach
tomato
persimmon
(Vegetables)
potato
cabbage
mushroom
cucumber
carrot
onion
corn
white radish
Korean cabbage
spring onion
(wombok)
(Beverages)
cola
ginseng tea
black tea
barley tea
milk
soft drinks
orange juice
green tea
coffee
beer
tea
brandy
water
whisky
85
UNIT 3 ?
/ (Meat/Seafood)
fish
beef
crab
lamb/mutton
chicken
pork
cheese
biscuit
bread
doughnut
cake
rice
chocolate
cooked rice; meal
sandwich
egg
(Other)
86
UNIT 3 ?
?
What are Koreans favourite foods?
Food
Response
22.7 %
17.5 %
16.2 %
8.2 %
5.4 %
?
What are Koreans favourite drinks?
Drink
Response
65.7 %
29.5 %
21.2 %
17.7 %
13.5 %
9.7 %
(Soft Drinks)
8.6 %
(Energy Drinks)
6.6 %
(Sports Drinks)
6.2 %
87
UNIT 3 ?
Task 1: Word Check

Select the odd one out in each row of words below. The first one has been
done for you.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Task 2: Word Check

Match the list of items with where you can buy them. The first one is done for
you.

(fruit shop):
(vegetable shop):
(bakery):
(butcher):
88
UNIT 3 ?
89
UNIT 3 ?
Hyeonu and Minjun go to a pizza shop.
:
Minjun sees Hyeonu eating an olive.

:
, ? ?
. .

Hyeonu:
Deureogaja.
Lets go in here.
(Minjun sees Hyeonu eating an olive.)

Minjun:
Neo ollibeu joahae?
You like olives?
Hyeonu:
Eung, wae? Neon sireo? Yep, why? Dont you like em?
(Lit. You dislike them?)
Minjun:
Eo.
Nah. (Lit. Yeah)
Nan byeolloya.
Not really. (Lit. I dont particularly.)
Vocabulary
Lets go in.
[+]
you
you
dislike
olive(s)
yeah; oh
like
[+]
yeah/yep
not really
why
90
UNIT 3 ?
Negative Question Usage

When asking questions in Korean, people use the negative form very often.
For example, in Situation Dialogue 2, ? (Are you not hungry?) is
used where in English we would ask Are you hungry? ( ?). When
this is used, you should think of the question as if it were not in the negative
form. Negative questions are used often because they are indirect and
therefore less intimidating. Using the negative form often will make your
Korean sound more natural.
Another aspect of negative questions that can be very confusing to non-native
speakers of Korean is that when answering, the opposite occurs from what
happens in English. If in English someone asks you Arent you hungry? you
can respond by saying No, Im not hungry but in Korean you would have to
reply with Yes, Im not hungry (, ) because you are agreeing
with the negation, i.e. agreeing that you are indeed not hungry. On the other
hand, if you are hungry then you can reply with No, Im hungry (,
) which may sound very strange in English, but it is a correct and natural
way to respond in Korean.
A good strategy for avoiding the yes/no problem is to just answer the
question with a straight statement. For example, (Im hungry).
91
UNIT 3 ?
Spaces Between Words

As in English, there are spaces between words in Korean sentences. The
difference is, postpositional words (what are prepositions in English) and
sentence endings in Korean are attached to the end of the word, without a
space in between. Therefore when we type or write Korean we need to leave a
space after words unless they have a postposition or sentence ending
attached:
(1)
I like pizza.
(2)
Ilikepizza.
(3)
I l i k e p i z z a.
As you can see above, sentences are harder to read with no spaces between
the words. The spacing is made more obvious on the hand writing sheet
shown below.
92
UNIT 3 ?
Task 3: ?
Move around the classroom asking your classmates if they like the foods
below.
[ Example Dialogue]
A:
B:
, [ . ]
A:
B:
[ . ]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
93
UNIT 3 ?
Task 4: Writing
You are being asked about what foods you like and dislike. Write your
answers to the following questions according to the preferences provided
below. Use the examples 1, 2 and 7 as a model.
You like a lot: apple, coffee, beef.
You like: pear, pork, milk, lamb, wine.
You dont like much: fish, beer.
1. ?
, .
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. ?
8. ?
9. ?
10. ?
94
UNIT 3 ?
Task 5: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A ?
Do you like A?
, (A) .
Yes, I like (A).
, (A) .
No, I don't like (A).
child
yes
no
like
not
then
pizza
very much
spaghetti
hamburger
Korean beef barbecue
Kimchi(pickled Korean cabbage)
Korean version of Hokkiean mee noodle
You will hear a teacher asking what sort of food Korean children like these
days. Put a mark 'O' next to the food they like and a mark 'X' next to the food
they do not like. Ready? Listen!
1

4
?
Unit Focus:
Asking People Where They Are Going
o Vocabulary: Places
o ()? as a Greeting
o Destination Particle + to
o Topic Particle +/
o Coming & Going: , ,
96
UNIT 4 ?
97
UNIT 4 ?
Jihun and Mineo are on campus at university.
:
, ?
, ? . .
, .

Jihun:
Minseoya, eodi ga?
Hey, Minseo, where ya going?
Minjun:
Doseogwan.
Library.
Jihun:
A, geurae?
Oh yeah?
Nadonde.
Me too.
Gachi gaja.
Ill come with you.

(Lit. Lets go together.)
Minjun:
Geurae, geureom.
Yeah, alright.
Vocabulary
/
casual ending for addressing a person with their first name
where
[ go+(casual present tense ending)] go
library
[ me +/ too+(casual soft ending)] me, too.

( is often pronounced as so in comics is used to show the
casual nature of the conversation.)
together ( is pronounced ga-chi, not ga-ti.)
[ go + lets] lets go
98
UNIT 4 ?
Vocabulary: Places
home
library
school
hospital
bank
the city
restaurant
market
post office
bookshop
shop
()
supermarket
airport
department store
toilet
office
coffee shop
/ pub
theatre; cinema
mart
pharmacy
cinema
convenience store
park
hairdressers
barbers
public bathhouse
public sauna
kareoke room
video room
+PC +
PC /
Internet cafe
DVD +
meeting (formal)
class
meeting / date
99
UNIT 4 ?
()? as a Greeting
In Australian English we often say How are you going as a greeting, but its
not a very serious question and a simple good or not bad is enough to reply
politely, even if youve had a really bad day. Similarly, Koreans use ?
(Are you going somewhere?) as a greeting. You dont need to give a specific
answer and can just say , ... (Yeah, just somewhere...)
(Casual)
(Polite)
(Honorific)
Note that the intonation pattern changes for depending on whether you
are using it as where? or somewhere as shown in the diagram below:
Where are you going?
Are you going somewhere?
When we use ? as Where are you going?, the intonation of the last
syllable rises slightly and then falls. On the other hand, when we use
? as Are you going somewhere?, the intonation of the last syllable
rises steeply.
100
UNIT 4 ?
If you cant differentiate between these two questions, the best strategy is to
just reply ... (Just somewhere...) because someone who is not very
close to you will not ask Where are you going? in Korean.
101
UNIT 4 ?
Task 1: Role Play

Choose 3-5 places that you would like to go from the locations given below.
Write them down in Korean beside the place where you are going. Talk about
them with a partner using the following dialogue as an example.
[ Example Dialogue]
A: [ name ], ?
B:
[ place ].
A: , ? /. .
B:
, .
home
library
school
hospital
bank
the city
restaurant
market
post office
bookshop
shop
supermarket
airport
department store
toilet
office
coffee shop
pub
theatre; cinema
mart
pharmacy
cinema
kareoke room
video room
convenience store
class
meeting (formal)
meeting / date
102
UNIT 4 ?
103
UNIT 4 ?
Minseo and Jihun are at a bus stop near university.
:
, ?
, ?

Jihun:
Minseoya, eodi ga?
Hey Minseo, where ya going?
Minseo:
Gangnamyeoge.
Gangnam station.
Jihun:
A, geurae?
Yeah? (Lit. Oh, is that so?)
Minseo:
Neon?
You?
Jihun:
Nan jibe ga.
Going home.
Minseo:
Jal ga.
See ya. (Lit. Go well.)
Jihun:
Neodo.
Bye. (Lit. You too.)
Vocabulary
where
[ go+(casual present tense ending)] go
Gangnam station: major Seoul subway station
to
[ you +(topic particle)] you
[ I +(topic particle)] I
[ well/carefully/properly/a lot go] goodbye
[ you +/ too ] you too.
104
UNIT 4 ?
Note: In Korean, Where are you going? is not always answered with the
location of the place youre going to, but sometimes also the purpose. For
example, instead of saying to the pool, when someone asks where you are
going, you might just say to swim:
A: ?
B: . (Instead of )
To swim.
105
UNIT 4 ?
Destination Particle + to
When you want to say that you are going somewhere, you can use:
Place +
(Casual)
Place +
(Polite)
+ is equivalent to the English to. However, in English the to in Im

going to school comes before the place school. In Korean, + is added at
the end of the place word. Since + is a postposition, there is no space
between it and the place word, as explained previously. (See Spaces
Between Words in Unit 3.):
(1) .
Im going to school.
(2) A: ?
B: .
(3) A: ()1 ?
B: () .
Im going home.

Im going to school.
Note 1: + is also different from the English to in that it can be omitted in

colloquial speech as long as the context does not make the meaning less clear.
However, + cannot be omitted when the word to which + is attached
consists of a single syllable, for example: , , , and so on.
106
UNIT 4 ?
Task 2: Role Play

Suppose that you are on the way to one of the places below. (Write down the
place you are going in Korean beside the English.) Now, go around the
classroom and ask your classmates where they are going, using the example
dialogue below. Write their names beside the places where they are going.
When you are asked, reply that you are going to the place you selected.
[ Example Dialogue]
A:
[ name ], ?
B:
[ place ].
A:
, ?
B:
A:
[ place ] .
B:
A:
/.
1.
home
12.
library
2.
school
13.
hospital
3.
bank
14.
city
4.
restaurant
15.
market
5.
post office
16.
bookshop
6.
shop
17.
supermarket
7.
airport
18.
department store
8.
toilet
19.
office
9.
coffee shop
20.
pub
10. theatre
21.
mart
11. pharmacy
22.
cinema
107
UNIT 4 ?
Task 3: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?
A(place) .
I'm going to A.
Verb stem + /
Let's (verb)
school
bank
restaurant
post office
home
shop
toilet
coffee shop
also
together
Listen carefully to the following dialogue and draw lines connecting

people with the places where they are going. Ready? Listen!
1. (Thomas)
a. school
2. (Susan)
b. restaurant
3. (Paul)
c. post office
4. (Amanda)
d. home
5. (female)
e. rest room
6. (male)
f. shop
7. (male)
g. bank
8. (female)
h. coffee shop
108
UNIT 4 ?
Topic Particle +/
When the topic particle +/ is added to a noun, its general meaning is like
the English as for (noun) or with regard to (noun). +/ can be used in
many ways. In this section we will use it to describe what one person (or one
subject) is doing in contrast to another.
Rules:
If the noun ends in a vowel, add +.

+
(writing) or
(speaking)
If the noun ends in a consonant, add +.

+
Examples:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Paul is studying Korean.
I am studying sociology.
Paul likes sandwiches.
But Sumi doesnt.
Paul is an Australian.
Sumi is a Korean.
Paul is going to the bookshop.
Sumi is going to the bank.
UNIT 4 ?
109
110
UNIT 4 ?
111
UNIT 4 ?
Paul sees Hyeonu on campus.
:
, ?
! . ?
? !

Paul:
Hyeonuya, eodi ganya?
Hey Hyeonu, where ya goin?
Hyeonu:
Poriguna!
Oh, its you, Paul!
Suyeongjange ga.
Im goin to the swimming pool.
Neon?
You?
Paul:
Hangugeo sueop.
Korean class.
Hyeonu:
Geurae? Yeolsimhi hae!
Yeah? Dont work too hard!

(Lit. Work hard!)
Vocabulary
?
[ go +(very casual question ending often used among boys)]
[ go +(very casual question ending often used among girls)]
[ am/are/is +(verb ending indicating surprise; an

exclamation)]
[ swimming place] swimming pool
[ Korean language] the Korean language
class (the time spent being taught, not a group of students)
hard as in working hard
do (refers to something mentioned earlier)
112
UNIT 4 ?
Coming & Going , ,

In Korean the words (come), (go), and (go to and from
regularly) are used differently from their English equivalents.
If you meet some classmates in the street and they ask where you are going,
you reply (I am going home). However if speaking on the phone
to someone who is at home, a Korean will say (I am going
home), whereas in English you would say, I am coming home now. This is
because in Korean the use of and depends on your location (the
speakers location), rather than the location of the person to whom you are
speaking.
Finally, in English we might ask, Which university do you go to? However,
in Korean this would be, ? The verb is used
when you go somewhere on a regular basis. It implies a process of going to
and from that place repeatedly. So if someone asks you
? (Which hospital do you go to?), you must be a doctor or nurse - or
very sick! The sentence ? (Which hospital are you going
to?) is used to refer to a single trip. It implies that at present you are on your
way to the hospital.
113
UNIT 4 ?
Task 4: Word Check

Write down the Korean words next to the English equivalent. The first one is
done for you.
a.
g.
m.
b.
h.
n.
c.
i.
o.
d.
j.
p.
e.
k.
q.
f.
l.
r.
1.
shop
2.
school
11. library
3.
bank
12. hospital
4.
restaurant
13. market
5.
post office
14. bookshop
6.
home
15. supermarket
7.
toilet
16. department store
8.
coffee shop
17. airport
9.
cinema
18. theatre
10. pharmacy
114
UNIT 4 ?
Task 5: Writing
Here is a list of items you need to find. Underneath is a list of useful telephone
numbers from a Korean community information booklet. Write down where
you can obtain the items. The first one is done for you.
Item
1. (dictionary)
Place where you can obtain it

or
2.
3. (Korean pickled cabbage)
4.
5.
6.
7. (Korean BBQ dish)
8. (stamp)
9. (newspaper)
10.
a.
9405-2230
h.
2327-3479
b.
4432-1110
i.
3457-5531
c.
8623-2743
j.
2348-8624
d.
3464-1336
k.
3469-1128
e.
2393-2010
l.
88
8862-7736
f.
3437-2766
m. 8905-9230
g.
9815-4340
n.
2326-3092
5
?
Unit Focus:
Talking About What You Are Doing
Talking About Your Daily Routine
o Verbs (Doing Words) and their Endings

o what
o Vocabulary: Time Words
o Time Particle + in, at or on
o Location Particle + in or at
o Asking Opinions
()? How is ?
o Adjectives (Describing Words) and their Endings
o Vocabulary: Transitional Words
116
UNIT 5 ?
117
UNIT 5 ?
Minseo is at the library when she receives a call from Jihun.
:
. , ?
. .
, . .

Jihun:
Jigeum mwo hanya?
Whatcha doin?
Minseo:
Ripoteu sseo.
Writing an assignment.
Geunde, wae?
Why? (Lit. Anyway/but, why?)
Jihun:
Geunyang.
No reason.
Minseo:
Na bappa. Ppalli malhae.
Im busy. Just say it.

(Lit. Quickly say it.)
Jihun:
Anya, geunyang.
Nah, I was just asking.
Ripoteu majeo hae.
Finish the assignment.

(Lit. do the rest of the assignment).
Vocabulary
now
? [ what do +?(very casual question ending often used

among boys)] Whatcha doin?
report (often pronounced as )
[ write+(casual present tense ending)] write
by the way; but
118
UNIT 5 ?
why
no reason
[ busy+(casual present tense ending)] busy
quickly
[ speak (casual present tense form)] say; speak
nah
[ rest of + do] finish
UNIT 5 ?
119
120
UNIT 5 ?
Verb (Doing Words) and their Endings

+/, +/, +()
In unit three you have learned the different styles of speech used in Korean
depending on the relationship between speakers. Here we will focus on three
types: 1) casual form, 2) polite form, and 3) honorific form.
Verb Stem
+/
(Casual)
Verb Stem
+/
(Polite)
Verb Stem
+()
(Honorific)
Verb endings are quite similar to the English present tense, as in I study or
she studies. However, it is also used to indicate an action that is going on at
present, as in I am studying at the moment (as well as I am studying at
Monash University this year).
1) Casual form
If the last vowel of the stem is () or (): +
live/lives/is living, etc
go/goes/ is going, etc

( already has and no final consonant,
so you dont need to add )
If the last vowel is not () or (): +
eat/eats/is eating, etc
read/reads/is reading, etc
write/writes/is writing, etc (When the stem

ends in the vowel , it is dropped.)
When there is no final consonant, the vowels are usually combined into
121
UNIT 5 ?
one syllable:
come/comes/is coming, etc
give/gives/is giving, etc
If the stem ends in :
do/does/am doing, etc.
study/studies/am studying, etc.
talk/talks/am talking, etc.
This rule is useful when you look up unknown words in the dictionary. Dont
worry too much about having to remember these rules. The best way at this
stage is to memorize both stem and ending together.
2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual form except that you
add at the end.
live/lives/is living, etc
eat/eats/is eating, etc
3) Honorific form
There are rules for forming honorific form depending on whether the verb
stem ends in a consonant or vowel.
If the verb stem ends in a vowel: +
go/goes/ is going, etc
If the verb stem ends in a consonant: +
sit/sits/is sitting, etc
Refer to the verb table on the following pages to see the three different forms
for a range of verbs.
122
UNIT 5 ?
Verb Table: Present Tense Endings

English
Casual Form Ending

+/
Stem
borrow (books)
()
()
buy (shoes)
()
(+)
()
clean (house)
()
()
dance
()
()
dislike
draw (drawing)
()
()
drink (juice)
()
()
do (homework)
()
()
eat (an apple)
()
()
get married
give
have (money)
()
()
not have (time)
()
()
kiss
like
listen to (music)
()
() *
love
make (phone call)
123
UNIT 5 ?
Polite Form
+/
Honorific Form
+()
Question Ending Question Ending

+?
+?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
() *
() ?
() ?
()
()
()?
()?
()
() *
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
() *
() * () ?
() ?
124
UNIT 5 ?
English
Casual Form Ending

+/
Stem
meet (friend)
()
(+)
()
play tennis
put on (clothes)
()
()
read (book)
()
()
rest
ride (bike)
()
(+)
()
shop
sing
sleep
()
(+)
()
smoke (cigarettes)
()
()
study
take a photo
text a message
(+)
wait for (bus)
()
()
watch (television)
()
()
write (letter)
()
drop +
() *
withdraw (money)
()
()
work
125
UNIT 5 ?
Polite Form
+/
Honorific Form
+()
Question Ending
+?
Question Ending
+?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
()
()
()
?
()
?
()
?
()
?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
126
UNIT 5 ?
Casual Question Verb Endings +?/+?

The verb forms you studied previously in this unit can also be used for
making questions. However, in casual form the following is an alternative
question style:
Verb Stem
+?
(less blunt)
Verb Stem
+?
(more blunt)
The +? ending is more blunt and tends to be used more by males and the
less blunt +? form is used more by females. The rule for constructing these
forms is quite simple: Verb Stem +?/+? as shown in the verb table in the
previous pages.
Examples:
(1) ?
Are you listing to music?
?
(2) ?
Are you going home?
?
(3) ?
Are you having lunch?
?
(4) ?
?
Are you texting (on the mobile phone)?
127
UNIT 5 ?
what
Asking questions such as What do you like? or What are you doing now?
is very simple in Korean. The counterpart of what is . But you have to
remember that in Korean the pronoun you is usually omitted when it is
obvious who you are referring to. Therefore, we just put ? after
as follows:
(1) ?
What do you like?
(Casual)
(2) ?
What do you like?
(Casual)
(3) ?
What do you like?
(Casual)
(4) ?
What do you like?
(Polite)
(5) ?
What do you like?
(Honorific)
You can ask What are you doing now? in the same way. The counterpart of
are doing in Korean is . But to be polite to your classmates well use
.
(6) ?
What are you doing?
If we add (now) to the beginning of the sentence it becomes:
(7) A: ?
What are you doing now?
B: . Im not doing anything.
128
UNIT 5 ?
Task 1: Role Play

Choose one of the following activities. Now, go around the classroom and
practise the dialogue with your classmates.
[ Example Dialogue]
A:
B:
[ . ] , ?
A:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
129
UNIT 5 ?
Task 2: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?
What are you doing now?
(Something) Verb stem + /.
I'm (verb)ing (something).
Noun + .
I'm doing Noun .
study
telephone
eat
listen
read
sleep
drink
put on
meet
sing
dance
see or watch
song
television
friend
clothes
juice
book
music
apple
You are going to hear a dialogue that describes various activities. Write
down the letter of the picture that describes what you hear. Ready? Listen!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
130
UNIT 5 ?
131
UNIT 5 ?
Minjun and Hyeonu are on campus talking about plans for the coming
Saturday.
:
?1 .
? 2

Minjun:
Ibeon toyoire mwo hae?
Hyeonu: Toyoil? Toyoiren albahae.
What are you up to this Saturday?

Saturday? Im working (my casual
job) on Saturday.
Minjun:
Museun alba?
Hyeonu: Sikdangeseo seobing.
What job?
Waiter in a restaurant.
(Lit. Waiting tables in a restaurant.)
Minjun:
Geureom iryoireun?
Hyeonu: Ajik gyehoek eopseo.
What about Sunday then?

No plans yet.
Vocabulary
this
Saturday
on
what
[ do(casual present tense form)] do; are doing
132
UNIT 5 ?
[+ on/at/to +(emphasis)]
[ do casual work (casual present tense form)]

doing casual work
what (kind of)
restaurant
in; at
waiting tables (serving)
well then
Sunday
yet; still
plan
[ there isnt; not have +(casual present tense ending)]

there isnt any; do not have any
Note 1: Echo questions, like ? in the dialogue above, are

frequently used to confirm what someone else has just said and
show that you are listening. They support the conversation and
show your active interest.
Note 2:
is used in front of the noun that you are asking about and
means what (movie)?, what kind of (person)?, which
(colour)?.
You need to be very careful not to use (what) in these cases
because what and what something in Korean are different.
133
UNIT 5 ?
However, instead of Noun?, you can also use the form

Noun ? for the same effect as shown in the dialogue below:
A: ?
B: .
Im working (my casual job).
A: ?
What job?
(instead of ?)
B: .
Waiter in a restaurant.
134
UNIT 5 ?
Vocabulary: Time Words ()
am
pm
morning
midday
weekdays
weekend
weekday
workday
public holiday

last week

this week

next week

last semester

this semester

next semester
/
last year
/
this year
/
next year
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
evening
night
Thursday
UNIT 5 ?
135
Time Particle + in, at or on

When you want to indicate that something has happened at a particular time,
you attach the particle + to a time word.
Time Word +
(1) .
I go to school in the morning.
(2) .
I go to a swimming pool in the afternoon.
(3) .
Im coming home at 8 oclock.
(4) .
Im going to Sydney at the weekend.
However, there are a few time words that are used without +:
(today)
(now)
(yesterday)
(this year)
(tomorrow)
(5)
Im going to a cinema tomorrow.
(6) .
Im a bit busy at the moment.
When two or more time words are used together, the time particle + is
attached to the last one only:
(7)
.
(8)
.
I go to school at 8 oclock in the morning.

(You would not say )
I am going to school at 7 oclock
tomorrow morning.
136
UNIT 5 ?
Task 3: Writing
Write your answers to the following questions according to the information
below. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have been done for you.
morning: go to university, play tennis, swim, drink coffee, eat breakfast
afternoon: come home, listen to music, drink tea
evening: read the newspaper, study Korean,
night: watch TV, write a letter, go to a night club
weekend: clean the house, do shopping, meet a friend, go to the cinema
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
.
.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
137
UNIT 5 ?
Location Particle + in or at
+ is used to indicate where an activity takes place. It is equivalent to the
English in or at when used in relation to an activity. This is a distinction
that English does not make, so try to remember that when an activity is
involved, use +, not +.
Location +
Examples:
(1) .
I am buying a pair of trousers

in the department store.
(2)
.
I am studying Korean
at Monash University.
(3) .
Im withdrawing money at a bank.
(4) .
Im buying a book at a bookshop.
(5) .
Im working at the office.
(6) .
I am borrowing a book at the library.
(7) .
I am having lunch at a restaurant.
138
UNIT 5 ?
Task 4: Writing
Fill in an appropriate place name for the activities below.
1.
2.
.
.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
139
UNIT 5 ?
Task 5: Role Play

Choose two of the activities below that you usually do on the weekend. Move
around the classroom and discuss your weekend activities with your
classmates.
[ Example Dialogue]
A: (usually) ?
B: [ . ]
[ . ]
?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
140
UNIT 5 ?
Task 6: Writing
Complete the dialogues using the pictures.
1.
(usually) ?
.
.
?
2. :
: .
.
?
:
UNIT 5 ?
3.
4.
141
.
.
.
.
142
UNIT 5 ?
143
UNIT 5 ?
Minjun sees Hyeonu talking to Paul and asks who Paul is.
:
. ?
. .
? ?
?
.
.

Minjun:
Hyeonu:
Hangugeo jal haneunde.
His Koreans good.
Nuguya?
Who is e?
Poriya. Narang gyeongjehak Paul. Hes in my economics class

gachi deureo.
(Lit. with me).
Geurae?
Yeah?
Gyeongjehak sueop eottae?
Hows the class?
An himdeureo?
Is it hard? (Lit. Is it not hard?)
Himdeureo.
Its hard.
Teseuteudo mana.
Lots of tests too.
Minjun:
Gwajeneun?
What about the homework?
Hyeonu:
Gwajeneun eopseo.
No homework.
Minjun:
Hyeonu:
Vocabulary
Korean language
good at (Lit. do well)
144
UNIT 5 ?
who
+/ is the casual form of +/(am/are/is).
I; me
with; +()
economics
together
[ listen to+(casual present tense ending)]

take (a class)
yeah?
class
What is it like?
not
[ hard+(casual present tense ending)] hard (hard work)
test
too
[ ample+(casual present tense ending)]

there are lots of; have lots of
homework
[ there isnt; not have +(casual present tense ending)]

there isnt any; do not have any
145
UNIT 5 ?
Asking Opinions ()? How is ?

Noun
(Casual)
Noun
(Polite)
Noun
(Honorific)
When you want to ask an opinion about something (the topic), you can say
? (How is ...?) as in Hows the class? (or What is like? as
in What is Korean food like?). The answer will be like It (the class) is
hard. In English, question words like what, when, where, who, why, how
appear at the beginning of the sentence, but Korean sentence order is the same
as the answer, which means the topic comes first whether it is a question or
not . There is no is when you use these verbs. They all include is in their
meaning.
A:
?
class how is?
How is class?
B:
() .
class is hard
It is hard.
Examples:
(1) A: ?
B: .
(2) A: ?
B: , .
(3) A: ?
B: .
Hows the Korean class?

Its all right.
Hows the coffee?

Uh, its very good.
What is Korean food like?

Its very chilly hot.
146
UNIT 5 ?
Task 7: Role Play

Practise the dialogue with a partner, using the adjectives given below. You
may ask about classes.
[ Example Dialogue]
A:
[ ] ?
B:
[ . ].
A:
[ ]? / [ ]?
B:
[ / . ]
difficult
hard
easy
interesting
not interesting
147
UNIT 5 ?
Adjectives (Describing Words) and their Endings

+/, +/, +()
Unlike in English where adjectives are used with the verb is, adjectives in
Korean are used by themselves and come where the verb would go in the
sentence. They are formed according to the same rules for verbs and also have
three main speech styles: 1) casual form, 2) polite form, and 3) honorific
form.
Adjective Stem
+/
(Casual)
Adjective Stem
+/
(Polite)
Adjective Stem
+()
(Honorific)
1) Casual form
fine (weather)
inexpensive ( already has and

no final consonant, so you dont need
to add )
bad (When the stem ends in the

vowel , it is dropped. This makes
in the last vowel.)

+
interesting/funy
delicious
big (When the stem ends in the

vowel , it is dropped.)
148
UNIT 5 ?
When there is no final consonant, the vowels are usually combined into
one syllable:
cloudy
slow
clean
smart
So far, the rule is the exactly same to that for verbs. However, here you will
learn an irregular ending used more frequently in adjectives, which is used
when the stem ends in.
If the last vowel of the stem is and stem ends in :

delete +
delete +
(an old fashioned word

for pretty like fair)
If the last vowel of the stem is not and stem ends in : delete
+
delete +
(temperature) hot
delete+
difficult
Note: + is much more common than +, so at this stage you only need to
focus on+.
149
UNIT 5 ?
2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual form except that you
add at the end.
inexpensive
delicious
3) Honorific form
There are rules for forming honorific form depending on whether the verb
stem ends in a consonant or vowel.
If the adjective stem ends in a vowel: +
busy
If the adjective stem ends in a consonant except : +

+
interesting/funy
If the adjective stem ends in the consonant : delete +
delete + beautiful
Dont worry too much about having to remember these rules. The best way at
this stage is to memorize both stem and ending together, as mentioned earlier.
Refer to the adjective table on the following pages to see the three different
forms for a range of adjectives.
150
UNIT 5 ?
Adjective Table: Present Tense Endings

English
Casual Form Ending

+/
Stem
bad
drop +
beautiful
drop +
boring
busy
drop +
inexpensive
cold
drop +
cute
drop +
delicious
difficult
drop +
easy
drop +
expensive
fun (enjoyable)
good
good-looking
+*
hate/dislike
hot (spicy)
drop +
numerous
pretty
drop +
sick
drop +
tasteless
151
UNIT 5 ?
Polite Form
+/
Honorific Form
+()
Question Ending
+?
Question Ending
+?
Note: Those with the question mark ? are used only in questions.
152
UNIT 5 ?
Vocabulary: Transitional Words

/
by the way; but; and yet
but; however
then; in that case
and (joining sentences)
so; therefore
Examples:
(1) A: ?
B: . ?
(2) A: ?
B: , .
(3) A: .
B: , .
(4) A: ?
B: .
.
Whatcha doing?
Writing an assignment. Why?
Do you like Korean food?

Yeah, but its a bit spicy.
My class finishes early today.

Then, come home early.

I will be doing casual work
in the morning. And in the
afternoon I will be studying.
(5) .
.
I have many assignments to do.

So I am really busy.
153
UNIT 5 ?
Task 8: Writing
You are conducting market research. Make your own questionnaire about
what people do on weekends. The first two are done for you.
(Questionnaire)
(age):
(sex)
(female)
(male)
(occupation):
1. ?
2. ?
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
!
154
UNIT 5 ?
6
?
Unit Focus:
Talking About the Time
Making Appointments
Talking About Class Timetables
o Spaces Between Words Revisited

o Which?; What kind of ?; What?
o Vocabulary: Question Words
o Vocabulary: Study Words
o Telling the Time: # oclock
o How many...?; What...?; How (old)?
o Suggestions 1
+ Let's
o + + from till
o Suggestions 2
+()? Shall we?
156
UNIT 6 ?
157
UNIT 6 ?
Minjun asks Hyeonu if he wants to have lunch after class.
:
.
.
. .

Minjun:
Oneul ojeone sueop innya?
Dyou have a class this

morning?
Hyeonu:
Eo.
Yep.
Minjun:
Museun sueop?
What class?
Hyeonu:
Junggugeo
Chinese.
Minjun:
Myeot sie kkeunnaneunde?
Whens it finish?
Hyeonu:
Yeol dusi.
Twelve.
Minjun:
Jal dwaetda.
Good.
Geureom gachi jeomsim meokja. Lets have lunch together then.

Hyeonu:
Geurae. Geureoja
Yeah, lets do that.
Vocabulary
today
[ morning; a.m. + in] in the morning
class
158
?
UNIT 6 ?
[ have; there is +(very casual ending often used among boys)]
D you have?
yep
what (kind of)
[ China language] Chinese (the language)
[ what time +(time particle)] at what time
[ finish + (casual soft ending)] finish
Good! (Lit. it worked out well).
twelve oclock
in that case; well then; yes indeed
together
lunch
[ eat + lets] lets eat
yeah; really
[ like that + lets] lets do that
159
UNIT 6 ?
Spaces Between Words Revisited

We have already learnt that there are spaces between words in Korean. The
basic rule is that there is a space between words unless there is a particle such
as + to, + at, + from, etc. In English these are regarded
prepositions and considered separate words, but in Korean they are attached
to the noun.
The particles we have learned so far are as follows:
Destination particle +
.
Im going to uni.
Location particle +
.
Im studying Korean
at Monash.
Time Particle +
.
I have an exam
tomorrow morning.
Topic particle +/
.
Im a Monash student.
160
UNIT 6 ?
Which...?; What kind of ...?; What...?

When you want to ask a question that corresponds to the English which ...?
or what kind of ...?, you can use the question word in front of the noun
that you are asking about. Strictly speaking, is equivalent to what kind
of? and should be answered by stating a type. (E.g. What kind of food did
you eat? I had Italian food.) However, in common usage, is also used
to correspond to questions like What food did you eat? and can be answered
with I ate pasta.
Examples:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
A: ?
What type of movie do you like?
B: .
Action movies.
A: ?
What kind of book are you reading?
B: .
A novel.
A: ?
What are you two talking about?
B: , .
Uh, its nothing.
A: ?
Whats the matter with you?
B: .
Its nothing.
Note that can also mean any depending on its context as in (5).
(5)
A: ?
Do you have any plan for tomorrow?
B: , ?
No, why?
161
UNIT 6 ?
Vocabulary: Question Words
what
what; how (numerical quantity)

e.g. what time , how old
which; what kind of; what
() where
when
how much (when asking about prices)
who
who (when used as the subject)
Vocabulary: Study Words

()
Korean
accounting
Chinese
business management
English
economics
French (or )
education
German
finance
geography
Indonesian
Japanese
law
Latin
linguistics
Thai (or )
mathematics
Vietnamese
physics
examination
politics
homework
science
essay (often pronounced
Korean history
as )
(or )
162
UNIT 6 ?
Telling the Time: # oclock

We have learnt that Pure Korean numbers and Sino-Korean numbers are used
in different situations. However, when telling the time, both sets of numbers
have to be used. Here we will learn how to say 1 oclock, 2 oclock, etc. Later
we will introduce how to use minutes (and Sino Korean numbers).
Pure Korean numbers are used for the hour:
one oclock
two oclock
three oclock
four oclock
five oclock
six oclock
seven oclock
eight oclock
nine oclock
ten oclock
eleven oclock
twelve oclock
Pure Korean numbers are also used to express a duration of a certain number
of hours:

two hours
four and a half hours
163
UNIT 6 ?
How many...?; What...?; How (old)...?

We use when we want to ask a question regarding a numerical quantity. In
English, we often start such questions with how many but there are also
cases where we use what (e.g. What is the time?) or how (e.g. How old is
she?). Korean uses the word for all of these cases.
(1)
(2)
A: ?
What time is it?
B: .
Its two oclock.
A: ?
How many hours a day do you

study?
(3)
B: .
One hour.
A: ?
How many cups of coffee do you

drink a day?
(4)
(5)
B: .
I drink three a day.
A: ?
How old is your younger sister?
B: .
Shes sixteen.
A: ?*
How many students are there

altogether?
B: .
There are four.
( is pronounced myeon-myeong-i-e-yo.)
(6)
A: ?
What floor is the office on?
B: .
Its on the fifth floor.
164
(7)
UNIT 6 ?
A: ?*
Whats the date today?
B: .
Its the 14th of September.
( is pronounced myeo-dweol.)
165
UNIT 6 ?
Task 1: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?
What time is it now?
A(Pure Korean Number) .
It's A o'clock.
Pure Korean numbers up to 12
You are going to hear a dialogue on the time. " ?"
"5" Find the clock that shows the time you hear. Put a mark ' ' in that
clock. Ready? Listen!
166
UNIT 6 ?
Task 2: Word Check

Match the Korean words with their English equivalents. The first one has
been done for you.
a.
h.
o.
b.
i.
p.
c.
j.
q.
d.
k.
r.
e.
l.
s.
f.
m.
t.
g.
1.
Korean
2.
n.
11.
economics
English
12.
linguistics
3.
Germa n
13.
Chinese
4.
Japanese
14.
Korean
history
5.
mathematics
15.
politics
6.
physics
16.
geography
7.
accounting
17.
Vietnamese
8.
finance
18.
Australian
history
9.
science
19.
Indonesian
10.
education
20.
law
167
UNIT 6 ?
Task 3: Role Play

Find out the timetables of the other students in your class using the following
dialogue to complete the table below.
[ Example Dialogue]
:
() [ / ] /?
[ / ]?
[ / ].
[ ].
Time
Name
Subject/Type of Work
8:00 - 9:00
9:00 -10:00
10:00 -11:00
11:00 -12:00
12:00 - 1:00
1:00 - 2:00
2:00 - 3:00
3:00 - 4:00
4:00 - 5:00
168
UNIT 6 ?
Suggestions 1: + Lets
When you want to make a suggestion that involves both you and the person
you are talking to in a casual style, add the ending + to the verb stem:
Verb Stem +
(Casual)
(1) .
Lets go together.
(2) .
Lets have lunch together.
(3) .
Lets study together.
(4) .
Lets ride bike.
(5) .
Lets go shopping this weekend.
(6) .
Lets eat.
(7) .
Lets watch TV.
(8) .
Lets listen to Korean Music.
(9) .
Lets meet at the coffee shop at two.
Refer to the verb table in the appendices.
UNIT 6 ?
169
170
UNIT 6 ?
171
UNIT 6 ?
Jihun asks Minseo whether she wants to go hagwon after class.
:
.
?
, .

Jihun:
Oneul ohue sueop isseo?
Dyou have a class this afternoon?
Minseo:
Eo.
Yep.
Jihun:
Myeot sie inneunde?
When?
Minseo:
Se sibuteo daseot sikkaji
Three til five.
Jihun:
Nado daseot sie
I finish at five too. Wanna come
kkeunnaneunde.
with me to the hagwon?
Kkeunnago hagwon gachi
(Lit. Shall we go to the hagwon
galkka?
together?)
Geurae, geureom.
Yeah, alright.
Minseo:
Vocabulary
today
[ afternoon; p.m. + in] in the afternoon
class
[ have; there is +(casual present tense ending)] have
172
UNIT 6 ?
what time
[ have +(soft ending)] have
three oclock
from
five oclock
until
[ me + too] me too
[ finish + (soft ending)] finish
[ finish + and then] after that
hagwon (a private educational institution/cram school)

A hagwon is a private school where children are taught subjects
such as English and mathematics after regular school hours.
Most Korean children attend these expensive schools in order to
keep up in the extremely competitive educational system. There
are also hagwon where adults go to learn foreign languages or
prepare for the various professional exams.
together
[ go+?shall we?] Shall we go?
yeah; indeed
UNIT 6 ?
173
174
UNIT 6 ?
+ + from till
When we want to show a starting point in time, we add the particle + to
the starting time. For the finishing time we add +.
Time Word+ Time Word+
(1)
A: ?
Do you have a class this afternoon?
B: .
Yes. Ive a Korean class from 2
(2)
until 4.
A: ?
When do you have exams?
B: .
From tomorrow till the day after

tomorrow.
(3)
A: ?
What did you do yesterday?
B:
I watched TV all day from the
.*
morning till the evening.
(The standard word for television is but often in conversation

or is used. is the past tense form of .)
(4)
A: ?
When are the mask dance

performances on?
B:
.
Theyre on next week from

Monday till Wednesday.
175
UNIT 6 ?
Task 4: Role Play

Practise the dialogue with a partner, using the timetable given below. You
may ask about classes or work.
[ Example Dialogue]
A:
[ / ] ?
B:
/.
A:
B:
[ ] [ ].
1.
2.
3.
12
23
6.
5.
7 11
4.
45
7.
8 10
56
8.
9 12
10 12
Extended Role Play

Repeat the above role play, but this time ask what subject your partner is
doing as well.
A:
[ / ] ?
B:
/.
A:
B:
[ . ]
176
UNIT 6 ?
Task 5: Writing
It is 12 oclock on a Thursday. Use the table of opening times below to
complete the dialogues. Write down the times in Korean. The first one is done
for you.

9905-2230 Sat: 9am-1pm
8432-1110 Mon-Fri: 9am-5pm; Sat.: 9am-1pm
7823-2743 Mon.-Fri.: 12pm-9pm; Sat.-Sun: 5pm-9pm
6364-1336 Mon: 9am-5pm; Sat.: 9am-12pm
5293-2010 Mon.-Fri: 9am-5pm; Sat.: 9am-12pm
4337-2766 Mon.-Sat.:9am-9pm
3915-4340 Mon-Fri:9am-5pm; Sat.: 9am-12pm
8205-9230 Mon-Sat.: 9am-7pm; Sun.: 9am-1pm
Note: Sat: 9am-1pm is read as

.
1.
A:
. (This is Seoul Restaurant.)
B:
(Hello)?
(today) (till what time) (are you open)?
A:
B:
(I see). (Thanks).
UNIT 6 ?
2.
3.
4.
A:
B:
? ?
177
A:
B:
A:
B:
? ?
A:
B:
A:
B:
?
?
A:
B:
.
. .
178
UNIT 6 ?
Suggestions 2: +()? Shall we?

When you want to suggest doing something, add the ending +?/
?:
Verb Stem
+()?
(Casual)
Verb Stem
+()?
(Polite)
Rules:
If the stem ends in a vowel: +()?

+ ?
Shall we meet?
If the verb stem ends in a consonant: +()?
+ ?
Shall we sit?
Examples
(1) A: ?
B: , .
(2) A: ?
B: .
(3) A: ?
B: .
(4) A: ?
B: ?
.
Shall we see a movie together?

Sounds good.
What shall we eat?

Lets have Bulgogi.
What shall we do this afternoon?

Lets play tennis.
Shall we have a coffee?

Oh, I cant. I have something on.
(Lit. What should I do? I have an
engagement.)
179
UNIT 6 ?
(5) A: ?
B: .
(6) A: ?
B: ?
Which restaurant shall we go to?

Lets go to Seoul Restaurant.
What kind of restaurant shall we go to?

How about a Korean restaurant?
180
UNIT 6 ?
Task 6: Role Play

Practise making an arrangement to have a dinner with a partner. You may add
more food to the list below.
[ Example Dialogue]
A:
[ ] ?
B:
[ ]?
(of course).
A:
, [ ] ?
B:
, .
()
Korean food
()
Chinese food
French food
Indian food
Italian food
()
Japanese food
Malaysian food
Spanish food
Thai food
Vietnamese food
181
UNIT 6 ?
Task 7: Word Check

Select the odd one out in the following groups of words. The first one has
been done for you.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
182
UNIT 6 ?
183
UNIT 6 ?
Paul wants Hyeonu to study with him tomorrow.
:
?
.
.
?
. .

Paul:
Oneul ohue sigan isseo?
Hyeonu: Oneul ohu?

Paul:
You got time this afternoon?

This afternoon?
Neutgekkaji sueop inneunde.
I have a class until late.
Geureom naeireun?
What about tomorrow?
Hyeonu: Naeireun gwaenchana.
Tomorrows okay.
Paul:
Geureom uri naeil gachi
Then lets study together
gongbuhaja.
tomorrow.
Du sie doseogwan eottae?
Two oclock at the library?
Hyeonu: Joa.
Geureom naeil bwa.
Alright. (Lit. Good.)

See ya tomorrow.
Vocabulary
today
[ afternoon; p.m. + in] in the afternoon
hours; time
184
UNIT 6 ?
[ have; there is +(casual present tense ending)] have
[ late + till] until late
class
[ have +(soft ending)] have
in that case; yeah
tomorrow
topic particle
[ okay +(casual present tense ending)] okay
we
together
[ study + lets] lets study

[ two oclock + at] at two oclock
library
How about ?; Whats like?
[ good; fine +(casual present tense ending)] good; (okay)
[ see +(casual present tense ending)] see
185
UNIT 6 ?
Task 8: Role Play

Practise this role play with a partner.
A:
You are arranging a time to meet a friend tomorrow. First, fill in half of
the schedule below. You start the conversation.
B:
You are arranging a time to meet a friend tomorrow. First, fill in half of
the schedule below. You partner starts the conversation.
Your Schedule for Tomorrow
10
11
12
12
[ Example Dialogue]
A: [ ] ?
B: [ ] ? .*
[ . ]
A: [ ]?
B: [ ] .
(*() means Its a bit difficult. It is a gentle way of
indicating that you cannot accept someone elses suggestion.
Pronunciation: kol-lan-han-de-yo.)
186
UNIT 6 ?
Task 9: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A ?
Have you got A?
, A .
Yes I have got A.
A(the time) ?
Is A(the time) o'clock O.K.?
It's O.K.
It's fine.
time
today
tomorrow
o'clock
yes
You are going to hear a dialogue in which two people make an

appointment to get together. Draw lines connecting people with their
appointment time. Ready? Listen!
1
(Thomas)
(male)
3
4
(Susan)
(female)
6
7
(Paul)
(female)
9
10
(Amanda)
11
12
(male)
187
UNIT 6 ?
Task 10: Role Play

Practise arranging to see a movie with a partner. A list of popular Korean
movies is given below.
[ Example Dialogue]
A:
[ ] (any plan) ?
B:
, ?
A:
(shall we see)?
B:
? (great).
A:
B:
[ movie title ] ?
A:
. ?
B:
[ hour ] [ place ] (in front) ?
A:
, . [ ] .
Popular Korean Films

1.
The Host
(2006)
2.
King and the Clown
(2005)
3.
Brotherhood
(2004)
4.
Haeundae
(2009)
5.
Silmido
(2003)
6.
Friend
(2001)
7.
Welcome to Dongmakgol
(2005)
8.
May 18
(2007)
9.
The High Rollers
(2006)
10. The Good, The Bad, The Wierd , , (2008)
188
UNIT 6 ?
Task 11: Listening

(EXPONENT)
A ?
Have you got A?
, A .
No, I haven't got A.
A ?
.
How about A?
It's O.K.
It's fine.
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
then
today
tomorrow
time
yes
no
You are going to hear more dialogue on making an appointment. This

time, listen for the day and draw lines connecting people with their
appointment day. Ready? Listen!
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
189
UNIT 6 ?
Task 12: Word Check

Match the Korean words with their English equivalents. The first one has
been done for you.
a.
g.
m.
b.
h.
n.
c.
i.
o.
d.
j.
p.
e.
k.
q.
f.
l.
+ +
r.
1.
Monday
10.
afternoon
2.
Tuesday
11.
morning
3.
Wednesday
12.
today
4.
Thursday
13.
tomorrow
5.
Friday
14.
yesterday
6.
Saturday
15.
what month
7.
Sunday
16.
what day
8.
appointment
17.
from till
9.
what time
18.
class
190
UNIT 6 ?
7
?
Unit Focus:
Talking about Past Events
o Verbs and Adjectives: Past Tense Endings

o cannot or did not because of inability
unintentionally
o + It's because ...
o and + and; and then
o Three ands: +, + and
192
UNIT 7 ?
193
UNIT 7 ?
Hyeonu introduces his friend, Kim Minjun, to Paul.
:
, ?
, .
. .
.
.
, .
?
.

Paul:
Eo, wasseo?
Oh, youre here.
Hyeonu:
Orae gidaryeosseo?
Been waiting long?
Paul:
Ani, nado banggeum wasseo.
Nup, I just got here too.
Hyeonu:
Insahae.
You dont know each other, do
Nae chinguya.
you? (Lit. Lets do introductions.)
Ireumeun kimminjun.
This is my friend.
Yeogi gyohwan
Names Kim Minjun.
haksaengeuro wasseo.
Hes here on exchange.
Annyeonghaseyo,
Hello, Im Paul Smith.
Paul:
Paul smithimnida.
Minjun:
Annyeonghaseyo?
How do you do?
Hyeonuhanteseo yaegi mani
I have heard a lot about you from
deureosseoyo.
Hyeonu.
194
UNIT 7 ?
Vocabulary
oh; yeah
[ come+(casual past tense ending)] came; got here
a long time
[ wait+(casual past tense ending)] waited
nah
[ I; me+ too] me too; I also
a moment ago
[ introduce (casual present tense)]

introduce
my friend
+/ is the casual form of +/(am/are/is).
name
here
[ exchange student + as]

as an exchange student
+ is the formal form of +/(am/are/is).
from (a person)
story; conversation; chat (shortened form of )
a lot
[ hear; listen to+(polite past tense ending)]

heard; listened to
Note: In English we say come from ... using the present tense (). But in
Korean we have to use the past tense () since the act occurred in the
past.
.
I come from Australia.
195
UNIT 7 ?
Verbs and Adjectives: Past Tense Endings

Verb or Adjective Stem
+/
(Casual)
+/
(Polite)
+()
(Honorific)
1) Casual form
You have already learnt the present tense ending +/. To create a past
tense verb or adjective, simply use the past tense ending +/ instead:
(Present)
(Past)
lived
was/were fine (weather)
When the stem ends with the vowel , only + is added:
went
was/were inexpensive
When the stem ends with the vowel , it is combined with :
came
When the stem ends in the vowel , it is dropped.
was/were bad (The dropping of

makes in the last
vowel.)
196
UNIT 7 ?
was/were interesting/funy
When the stem ends in a vowel, the vowel is usually combined with +:
gave
was/were cloudy
When the stem ends in the vowel , it is dropped.
was/were big
studied
was/were happy
If the stem ends in the consonant and the last vowel is not : delete
+
delete +
was/were easy
If the stem ends in the consonant and the last vowel is : delete
+
delete +
was/were fair/pretty
2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual from except that you add
at the end.
197
UNIT 7 ?
3) Honorific form
To create the honorific past tense form, instead of the present tense form
+/, you add +/ to the verb stem.
If the stem ends in a vowel: +
studied
met
went
came
was busy
was smart
If the stem ends in a consonant except : +
put on; wore
read
was funy
was good
198
UNIT 7 ?
If the stem ends in the consonant : delete +
delete
was/were
beautiful
delete
was/were
cute
You also need to remember a special set of honorific verbs and adjectives:
took; ate; drank
ate
was (there)
spoke; said
slept
passed away
was/were ill
Refer to the verb and adjective tables in the appendices to see the three
different forms for a range of verbs and adjectives.
UNIT 7 ?
199
Task 1: Role Play

Form a group of three and practice introducing somebody with your group
members.
[ ]
A: , ?
B: ?
A: , .
B: . . [ name ].
A: , [ name ].
C: ? [ name ] .
200
UNIT 7 ?
Task 2: Listening
(EXPONENT)
/ ?
Where/Which country do you come from?
A(region) .
I'm from A.
A ?
Which area in A are you from?
which
country
where
+
China
Australia
came
Germany France
Japan
from
U.K.
You are going to hear an immigration officer asking people what country
they come from. Choose the picture that shows the nationality that you hear
and write the number of the dialogue in the top row of the table. Ready?
Listen!
Canberra
Melbourne
Sydney
Adlaide
Brisbane
Berlin
Hamburg
Bremen
Hanover
Leipzig
Paris
Rouean
Orlans
Nantes
Lyon
London
Manchester
Liverpool
Birmingham
Glasgow
Tokyo
Osaka
Kyoto
Shimonoseki
Yokohama
Beijing
Shanghai
Guangzhou
Nanjing
Harbin
You will hear an extension of each dialogue. The immigration officer is

asking people which city in their countries they come from. Choose the city
that you hear and put a mark ' ' in the box next to it. Ready? Listen!
201
UNIT 7 ?
Task 3: Role Play

Choose one of the activities shown below. This is what you did yesterday.
Move around the classroom and have a conversation with your classmates
about what you all did. Try to expand the conversation by asking further
questions.
1.
4.
[ 1]
2.
3.
5.
6.
[ 2]
A: ?
A: ?
B: .
B: .
A: ?
A: ?
B: .
B: .
202
UNIT 7 ?
Task 4: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?
What did (you) do?
When did (you) do (it)?
Verb stem + /
Verb+ed
Noun +
did Noun
A (o'clock) B (o'clock)
from A o'clock to B o'clock
yesterday
when
what
in the evening
with(people)
and
in
()
ate dinner
()
slept
did
friend
()
rang
cinema house
()
had a walk
()
read a book
()
listened to music
203
UNIT 7 ?
()
played piano
() watched television
()
saw a movie
There was a murder last night. A detective questions each member of the
victim's household about his or her activities on the night of the murder.
Listen carefully and note down each person's activities in the appropriate
spaces on the time grid. You can either use the letter which corresponds to
each activity or the underlined words as shown in the notes from the first
dialogue. Ready? Listen!
List of the Activities

a. () .
b. () .
c. () .
d. () .
e. () .
f. () .
g. () .
h. () .
i. .
1.
Mary
2.
Tom
3.
Harry
4.
Jane
7 8
8 9
9 10
1011
11 12
204
UNIT 7 ?
205
UNIT 7 ?
Hyeonu and Paul talk about why they havent finished their assignments.
:
, . ?
.
?
.
.
? ?
. .

Hyeonu:
Ripoteu da haesseo?
Finished your assignment?
Paul:
Ani, ajik da mot haesseo.
Nup, not yet. You?
Neon?
Hyeonu:
Paul:
Hyeonu:
Paul:
Nado. Eoje neutgekkaji
Me neither. (Lit. Me too.) Its
chingu saengnil patie
cause I was at a friends birthday
isseotgeodeun.
party until late last night. But why
Geunde neon wae mot
havent you finished? (Lit. But
kkeunnaesseo?
why couldnt you finish it?)
Gamgi ttaemune.
Its cause of my cold.
Myeochil gyesok apasseo.
Ive been sick for several days.
Geurae?
Yeah?
Ije gwaenchannya?
You OK now?
Eung. Da naasseo.
Yeah. Im fine now.

(Lit. Ive gotten all better.)
206
UNIT 7 ?
Vocabulary
assignment; essay; report (often pronounced as )
all; in total
nah
yet; still
[ unable (past tense form of do)] couldnt do
[ you+(topic particle)] you
[ I; me+ too] me too; I also
yesterday
[ late+ till] until late
friend
birthday party
[ have/there is+ past tense infix + Its because]

cause I was
but; by the way
why
[ finish+(casual past tense ending)] finished
a cold
because of
[ several + day(s)] several days
continuously
[ sick+(casual past tense ending)]was sick
Really? (Lit. Is that so?)
now
[ okay +(very casual ending often used among

boys)] Is it okay?
yeah
[ recover+(casual past tense ending)] got better
UNIT 7 ?
207
208
UNIT 7 ?
cannot or did not because of inability

unintentionally
You have already seen how you create a negative sentence by using the
negative word , e.g. (I didnt go). If you change to ,
the sentence becomes (I couldnt go).
Examples:
(1) .
There was a party next door.
So I couldnt sleep well
last night.
(2) .
.
(3)
.*
I cant come to class tomorrow.

I have a job interview.
Ive got a cold.
So I cant meet you tomorrow.
(* is pronounced mon-man-na-yo.)
(4) .2
.
I didnt do well in the exam.

So I dont feel too good.
(*In English we use the word didnt rather than the word couldnt.
But in Korean, if there is some external reason why you did not do
something, you always use the negative word . When you use , it
implies that you intentionally chose not to do something. Thus, is
used far more often than can not is used in English.)
(5) A: ?
B:
A: Did you study yesterday?

My friend unexpectedly came
over to look for me yesterday
, .*
evening. So I couldnt.
( is pronounced mo-taess-o*-yo.)
209
UNIT 7 ?
Task 5: Grammar Check

Fill in the blank with negative particles or . The first one has been done
for you.
1. . (therefore)
. .
2. . ________ .
3. (have a peanut allergy).
________ .
4. (want to buy).
(but) (money) . ________ .
5. (I have a stomach ache). ______ .
6. (sings well).
______ .
7. . (but) ______ .
8. .
______ (send a text message/SMS).
9. A: ______ .
B: . .
10. A: ?
B: , . ______ (not answering the telephone).
210
UNIT 7 ?
+ It's because ...

+ (Present)

+/ (Past)
You use Verb or Adjective Stem + when you are providing a

rationale for something that has already been referred to previously in the
conversation. In this case its equivalent meaning in English is it's because..."
though very often this would just be omitted because it is not necessary to
overtly express the causal relationship in English. The + ending is
very commonly used in everyday conversation. It is a soft ending which helps
to affirm a friendly feeling between the people talking. As you can see from
the following examples, usually in English there is no need to translate it into
equivalent words. The past tense form is +/.
(1)
A: ?
You've been very busy?
B: ,
Yes, (it's because) I've been
.
(2)
A: ?
B: .
I'm going to the library.
.
(3)
doing two part-time jobs.
A: ?
I've got an exam tomorrow.

What are you doing in Sydney?
(Lit. What's brought you to
Sydney?)
B: .
.
Im here on business. Our

company has a branch office
here.
Refer to the verb and adjective table in the appendices.
211
UNIT 7 ?
Task 6: Role Play

Practise this role play with a partner. Take turns asking each other
? and coming up with excuses why you couldnt do it. Write your and
your partners excuses in the table below.
[ ]
A: ?
B: . [ ].
Excuse
English
1.
I had (part-time) work.
2.
I slept.
3.
I was sick.
4.
I had a car accident.
5.
My computer crashed.
6.
It was too hard.
7.
I had too much to drink.
8.
Ive been too busy.
212
UNIT 7 ?
213
UNIT 7 ?
Minseos mum asks whether she has already eaten when she comes home.
:
?
.
, .
? ?
! . .

Mum:
Akka ohue
I called you this afternoon.
jeonhwahaesseonneunde.
Minseo: Geurae? Geuttae doseogwaneseo
Mum:
Yeah? I was studying in the
gongbuhago isseosseo.
library.
Jeonyeok meogeosseo?
Had dinner?
Minseo: Eung.
Yeah.
Mum:
D you eat alone?
Honja meogeosseo?
Minseo: Ani, chinguhago.
Nah, with a friend.
Mum:
What friend? A boy?
Chingu nugu? Namjachingu?
Minseo: Eomma! Aniya.

Yeongmihago meogeosseo.
Mum! No!
I ate with Yeongmi.
214
UNIT 7 ?
Vocabulary
a little while ago
[ afternoon+(time particle)] in the afternoon
[ ring+(past tense infix)+]

called...
(When Minseos mother tells Minseo she called this
afternoon, she uses the verb ending .
This places an emphasis on her action. If she had just
said , it would describe what she did but
with a nuance indicating that it was no big deal.)
Really? (Is that so?)
that time
[ library+(location particle)] in the

library
[ study + (past progressive tense)]

was studying
dinner
[ eat+(casual past tense ending)] ate
yeah
alone
nah
[ friend + with] with a friend
who
boyfriend
mum
nah
215
UNIT 7 ?
+
and; with
(When the phrase + () is attached to a person, it means
(together) with. You can omit and it means much the
same thing.
A: ?
Where do you live?
B: .
I live in Shinsa-dong.
A: ?
Do you live on your own?
B: , No, I live with a Korean friend.

. )
216
UNIT 7 ?
and + and; and then

can be used to connect two sentences. It is placed at the beginning of
the second sentence and operates like the English and or and then:
(1) .
.*
Sumi is listening to music.

And Cheolmin is reading a book.
(*In colloquial speech, it is common to add when a persons first

name ends in a consonant: +. This should not be done with
seniors or in formal situations. )
(2) .
.
Sumi ate her dinner.

And then she went out again.
The sentences can describe two independent actions as in the first example, or
two actions in a time sequence as in the second example. Note that when the
subjects of the two sentences are different, you use the particle +/ since
you are contrasting them as in (1).
As in English, you can also combine these sentences and make them into one.
To do this, instead of using , you add the ending + to the first verb:
(3) *
.
Sumis listening to music and

Cheolmins reading a book.
(The verb in (1) is irregular, with the stem .)

(4)
.
Sumi ate her dinner and

went out again.
217
UNIT 7 ?
Even though the two sentences in (4) are past tense, when we join them with
+, we dont use the past tense form in the first clause, but only in the final
clause. The ending + carries the grammatical function of past tense from
the final verb to the first verb, so it is just added to the verb stem.
(5)

That restaurant is cheap and

the food is delicious.
As you can see from example (5), you can also use + to link clauses that
end in an adjective, and the rule is exactly the same as for verbs.
More examples:
(6)
.
(7)
.
(8)

(9)

I played the piano and

my younger sister sang.
Yesterday I watched TV at home
and then I studied.
I met a friend and then
I came home about 6 oclock.
I came back home
after eating dinner.
(This structure can also be used to emphasise that you did not just do the
second action, but did something first. For example, a mother might ask
her son Have you had dinner? upon his arrival at home in the evening,
to which he could reply . to emphasise that he ate before
coming home.)
Refer to the verb and adjective table in the appendices.
218
UNIT 7 ?
Three ands: +, + and

1) + is a particle used to join nouns together:
2) + is an ending used to join verbs or adjectives:
.
. (petite and pretty)
3) is a transitional word used to connect two sentences:
. .
219
UNIT 7 ?
Task 7: Role Play

Choose two of the activities shown below. This is what you did yesterday.
Move around the classroom having conversations with your classmates to
find out what they did yesterday and to tell them what you did.
[ ]
A: ?
B: () . ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
220
UNIT 7 ?
Task 8: Reading
Read and translate this letter Michael wrote to his teacher after he arrived in
Korea.
,
.
.
9 1 .
. !
.
! .
.
.
10 .
........
9 1 .
.
2008 9 10

Vocabulary
[ Kim professor sir+ to (honorific)]

Dear Professor Kim (The casual version of + is +.)
[ I(humble)+(topic particle)] I
UNIT 7 ?
221
[ past week] last week
[ Saturday+(time particle)] on Saturday
[ arrive(past tense form)] arrived
[ today+ from] from today on
[ started (past tense form)] began
+ +
from till
[ study(past tense form)]
very
[ difficult+(past tense ending)] was difficult
[ four hours for] for four hours
[ Korea spoken language] Korean
[ do(past tense form)+ its because]
+/: object particle
[ meet+(past tense ending)] met
[ terrific good at] awesome at
[ envious+(present tense ending)] envious
[ English+ in] in English
[ speak(past tense form)] spoke
[ I(humble)+(subject particle)] I
too (much)
[ tired(past tense form)+ its

because] it was because was tired
[ eat+ and]
10
[10 ten oclock around+ at] at around 10
dormitory; halls of residence
Yours Sincerely
222
UNIT 7 ?
Task 9: Reading & Writing

Read the following text and write about your holidays.
. .
.
. Rain .
.
. (Valentines Day)
. Rainy day .
.
. !
UNIT 7 ?
223
Vocabulary
[ I+(possessive particle)] my
school/uni holiday
[ cinema+(location particle)] in a cinema
[ friend ] friends
[ see+(past tense ending)] saw
[ good+(past tense ending)] was good
every day
and; with
[ not have/there is not+(present tense ending)]

do not have
[ buy+(past tense ending)] bought
[ friend+ with] with a friend
[ go+ and (does something there)] went and
[ sleep+(past tense ending)] slept
a lot
very early morning (usually1am till 6 am)
[ happy(past tense form)] was happy
224
UNIT 7 ?
Task 10: Word Check

Write down the Korean words next to their English equivalents. The first one
is done for you.
a.
j.
b.
k.
c. /
l.
d. /
m.
e.
n.
f.
o.
g.
p.
h. .
q.
i.
r.
1.
yesterday
10.
when
2.
in the
morning
11.
in the
afternoon
3.
in the
evening
12.
at night
4.
ate dinner
13.
studied
5.
drank tea
14.
went for
a walk
6.
listened to
music
15.
played
piano
7.
rang
16.
read a book
8.
saw a
movie
17.
slept
9.
was
interesting
18.
watched
television
Unit Focus:
Ordering in a Caf or Restaurant
o Asking for Something in a Shop

o +() I want; I will
o Counting Nouns
o Pure Korean Numbers
o Noun +, +() and +/ and
226
UNIT 8
227
UNIT 8
Hyeonu is very thirsty and looking for a cold beer.
:
. .
, .
? .
.
~ .
.

Minjun:
Wasseo?
Hyeonu: Eung. Nalssiga kkwae deomne.
Minjun:
Youre here.
Yeah. Its much hotter than I
A, mok malla.
thought itd be. Gee, Im thirsty.
Mul masyeo.
Have some water.
Hyeonu: Mul malgo siwonhan maekju

eomnya?
Do you (Lit. Do you not) have

some cold beer instead of
water?
Minjun:
Maekju? Eopseo.
Beer? Nope.
(Lit. Theres isnt any.)
Geunyang mul masyeo.

Hyeonu: A~ maekjuga deo joeunde.
Hal su eopji mwo.
Just have water.

Hey! Beer would be better.
Oh well, cant do anything
about it
228
UNIT 8
Vocabulary
?
[ come+(casual past tense ending)]came; got here
weather
considerably; quite; surprisingly
[ hot + (emphatic ending)] hot
ah; oh; hey etc.
[ throat dry+(casual present tense ending)]

thirsty (Lit. throat is dry)
water
[ drink+(casual present tense ending)] drink
instead of
[ cool+(noun modifying adjective ending)]

cool; refreshing; cold
beer
[ not have; there isnt+?(casual present tense question

ending)] Is there not?; Do you not have?
[ not have; there isnt+(casual present tense ending)]

There isnt.; I dont have
just; simply
more; (also forms comparatives like the English er

ending)
[ good + (soft sentence ending/but)]
. oh well, can't do anything about it
229
UNIT 8
Asking for Something in a Shop

When we are asking for something in a shop, we say:
A: [ noun ] ?
Do you have any [ noun ]?
The reply will be either:

B: , .
Yes, we do.
or
B: , .
No, we dont.
Examples:
(1) A: ?
B: , .
(2) A: ?
(3)
Do you have any grapes?

Yes, we do.
Do you have ginseng tea?
B: ,
No, we dont.
A: ?
Do you have a question?
B: , .
No, I dont.
(4) A: ?
B: ?
(5) A: ?
B: , .
Do you have (some free) time today?

Why?
Do you have a boyfriend?
No, I dont.
You can see from the latter examples that this phrase has a wide application not just asking for things in shops.
230
UNIT 8
Task 1: Role Play

Form a group. One student will play Role A, the borrower. The others in the
group will be neighbours. Rotate the roles so that everyone has a turn at
borrowing.
A:
You are cooking for a party and find out that youve forgotten to buy the
items below. Ask each of your neighbours in turn if they have what you
need, until you have borrowed all of the items.
B:
Divide up the six items below with your fellow neighbours. This is all
that you have to lend.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
[ ]
A: [ ] ?
B:
, . / .
(When B replies that s/he doesnt have the item, s/he uses the term
. Although the meaning is the same as , the ending is
softer and more polite. Pronunciation: eom-neun-de-yo.)
UNIT 8
Task 2: Writing
Answer the questions about what is in the refrigerator according to the
picture. The first two have been done for you.
1.
A: ?
B: , .
2.
A: ?
B: .
3.
A: ?
B:
4.
A: ?
B:
5.
A: ?
B:
6.
A: ?
B:
7.
A: ?
B:
8.
A: ?
B:
9.
A: ?
B:
10.
A: ?
B:
231
232
UNIT 8
Task 3: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A(things) ?
Have we got A?
(A) /.
We have/haven't got A.
yes
no
apple
orange
potato
mushroom
fish
crab
carrot
corn
grape
coke
beer
milk
cheese
bread
cake
egg
chicken
beef
Korean cabbage
orange juice
You will hear Susan ask whether or not the following items are in the
fridge. However, is quite playful. She does not always tell the truth.
Mark TRUE or FALSE according to whether or not she tells the truth.
Ready? Listen!
233
UNIT 8
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
(TRUE)
(FALSE)
234
UNIT 8
235
UNIT 8
Minseo and Jihun are at a coffee shop and Minseo wants to have Patbingsu.
:
. , .
(Jihun tries to get the attention of a waiter.)

:
(The waiter comes over.)

:
(The waiter comes back.)

:
, .
.
... .
. .

Jihun:
Mwo masillae?
Minseo: Aiseu keopi.
Whatcha wanna drink?

Iced coffee.
Ani, patbingsu meogeullae.
No wait, I want patbingsu.
Jihun:
Patbingsu?
Patbingsu?
Jihun:
Yeogiyo!
Excuse me. (Lit. Over here!)
Jihun:
Patbingsu dwaeyo?
Do you have patbingsu?
236
UNIT 8
Staff:
Jamsimanyo.
I shall check. (Lit. One moment.)
Staff:
Joesonghamnida, sonnim.
Im sorry. (Lit. Im sorry,
Oneureun patbingsuga an
customer.)
doemnida.
There is no patbingsu today.
Minseo: Eum... Geureom aiseu keopi
UmThen can I have an iced
juseyo.
coffee, please?
Jihun:
Jeodo gateun geollo juseyo.
The same for me, please.
Staff:
Aiseu keopi du janiyo.
Certainly, (Lit. I understand) two
Algetseumnida.
iced coffees.
Vocabulary
what
[ drink+ will] will drink
ice coffee
[ eat+ will] will eat
nah; nup; no
A bowl of fruit, ice cream, crushed ice and red beans
[ here + (polite particle)] over here
[+(casual present tense ending)] Is ... available?
[ just a moment+(polite particle)]

Just a moment, please
[ sorry+(formal present tense ending)]

Im sorry. (Lit. I regret it.)
customer; guest
[ today+(topic particle)] today
[ negative word +(formal present tense ending)]

is not okay; cannot; not available
well then; in that case
UNIT 8
237
[ give+(very polite present tense ending)] (please)

give
[ I(humble)+ too] me too; I also
[ the same + thing +(particle)] same one
two cups
polite particle +()
Okay. (Lit. I understand.)
Note: When speaking English, it is very common to add thank you or

thanks when making an order. The Korean equivalents are reserved for
when we want to express gratitude for something, and are not used when
ordering from a waiter or shop assistant.
238
UNIT 8
+() I want to; I will

When we express a desire to do something, we can use:
Verb Stem
+/
(Casual)
Verb Stem
+/
(Polite)
When ascertaining anothers desire do something or not, we can use:

Verb Stem
+?/?
(Casual)
Verb Stem
+?/?
(Polite)
Verb Stem
+?/?
(Very Polite)
When using this pattern, the sentence subject must be I, we or you and
cannot be she, he, or they.
1) Casual and polite forms
If the verb stem ends in a vowel: +()

+ ()
()
will drink
+ ()
()
will wait
If it ends in a consonant (except for ): +()

+ ()
()
will eat
* + ()
()
will listen to
2) Very polite form
If the verb stem ends in a vowel: +?

+ ?*
? (+?)
+ ?
239
UNIT 8
If it ends in a consonant (except for ): +?

+ ?*
? (+?)
* + ?
The very polite form +()? is used only in questions. Also note that
we have to use the very polite word , in place of (eat) and (drink),
which cannot take +().
Examples:
(1) A: ?
B: .
(2) A: ?
B: .
(3) A: ?
B: .
What will you drink?

I will drink coffee.
Where do you want to sit down?

I want to sit here.
What will you drink?

Ill have tea please.
(Lit. Give me tea, please.)
(4) A: ?
B: .
(5) A: ?
B: . .
.
What do you want to wear?

Id like to wear jeans.
Do you want to play tennis tonight?

Well, Im a bit tired.
Id like to just rest at home.
240
UNIT 8
Task 4: Role Play

Practice the dialogue with a partner using some of the vocabulary below.
You should know these from Unit 3.
A:
B:
[ ].
, [ ] .
?
A:
[ ].
(Beverages)
1.
cola
2.
beer
3.
milk
4.
orange juice
5.
coffee
6.
tea
7.
water
8.
whisky
9.
black tea
10.
ginseng tea
11
soft drinks
12.
green tea
241
UNIT 8
Task 5: Role Play

Practice the dialogue with a partner using some of the vocabulary below.
You should know these from Unit 3.
A:
[ ] ?*
B:
, .
[ ] .
A:
... [ ] .
Note: ... ? means Is ... available? but it can also be used for Is ...
allowed and is used in the phrase ? (Can I pay by card?).
is the formal style version of .
(Beverages)
1.
cola
2.
beer
3.
milk
4.
orange juice
5.
coffee
6.
tea
7.
water
8.
whisky
9.
black tea
10.
ginseng tea
11
soft drinks
12.
green tea
242
UNIT 8
Counting Nouns
Korean commonly uses counting nouns for counting objects with numbers.
An example of a counting noun, (oclock), was introduced in unit 6. An
example of an English counting noun is the word cup when we say Ill have
two cups of coffee rather than Ill have two coffees.
In English, however, these are mainly used with uncountable or mass
nouns, for example, two loaves of bread instead of two breads or three
pieces of furniture instead of three furnitures. (Note that in Korean all
nouns must be used in their singular form when a number is specified.)
(1) .
Ill have 2 cups of coffee.
(2) .
Give me 1 apple.
The use of counting nouns in English is very limited. However, Korean has a
wide range of different counting nouns. can be used with most objects,
though it must not be used for people.
For people, use , or . and are interchangeable and are both
neutral terms for counting people. is an honorific form and should be used
for elders, customers, seniors, etc. For example, when customers arrive at a
restaurant:
(3) : ?
:
How many of you are there?

There are three of us.
243
UNIT 8
The list below shows the counting nouns that you are most likely to need in
everyday conversation, so you should memorise these.
Item
Counting
Noun
Example
(1)
oclock
one oclock
(2)
hours
two hours
(3)
months
three months
(4)
age (years)
four years (old)
(5)
people
five students
(6)
people (honorific)
five customers
(7)
general things
six apples
(8)
cups
seven cups of
coffee
(9)
bottles
eight bottles of
beer
(10) sheets, tickets
eleven sheets of
paper
244
UNIT 8
This list shows less frequently used counting nouns and is provided for you to
refer to when necessary.
Item
Counting
Example
Noun
(11)
animals
nine cows
(12)
books
ten books.
(13)
pencils
twelve pencils
(14)
shoes, socks
thirteen pairs of
shoes
(15)
suits (clothes)
fourteen suits
(16)
cars
fifteen cars
(17)
trees
sixteen trees
(18)
letters
seventeen letters
245
UNIT 8
Task 6: Writing
Compile a shopping list from the information on the right. Make sure you use
the appropriate counting nouns. The first one has been done for you.
a.
oranges
1.
b.
apples
2.
c.
eggs
10
3.
d.
beer
4.
e.
whisky
5.
f.
cakes
6.
g.
bread
7.
h.
carrots
8.
246
UNIT 8
Task 7: Writing
You need to buy the items in the box for a party:
apples -10
apple juice - 2 bottles
pears - 5
beer - 8 bottles
coke - 7 bottles
wine - 1 bottle
orange juice - 3 bottles
Use this information to complete the following dialogues.

1. 1st
: .
: ?
: , .
: ?
: .
: ,
2. 2nd
: .
: ?
: , .
: ,
247
UNIT 8
3. 1st
: .
: ?
: , .
: ,
?
: . .
: ,
4. 2nd
: .
: ?
: , .
: ,
?
: , .
: ,
?
: .
5. 3rd
: .
: ?
: , .
: ,
248
UNIT 8
Task 8: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A(things) ?
Have you got A?
A /.
I have/haven't got A.
A(things) .
Give me A, please.
yes
no
then
apple
bread
coke
whisky
beer
brandy
orange juice
general item counting noun
bottle counting noun
UNIT 8
249
Listen to the following dialogues that might happen in a shop between a

shop assistant and a customer. Write down the number of items that a
customer is buying in the box next to that item. Ready? Listen!
1. ; in a fruit shop
2. ; in a small supermarket
3. ; in a bottle shop
250
UNIT 8
251
UNIT 8
Minjun, Hyeonu and Paul are at a Korean restaurant in Melbourne.
: . ?
:
: .
(A waiter comes back to take an order.)

: ?
:
, .
.
: , .
(The waiter brings out the food.)

: .
(Hyeonu gets the attention of waiter.)

:
.
.
: . ?
:
, .
: , .

Staff:
Eoseo oseyo. Se buniseyo?
Welcome. A table for three?
Minjun:
Ne.
Yes.
Staff:
Ijjogeuro oseyo.
Please come this way.
(A waiter comes back to take an order.)

Staff:
Jumun hasigetseumnikka?
Are you ready to order?

(Lit. Will you order?)
252
Minjun:
UNIT 8
Bibimbap hana, gimchijjigae
One bibimbab and two kimchi
dul juseyo.
jjigae please.
Bibimbabeun gogi ppaegoyo.
Well have the bibimbap without

meat. (vegetarian bibimbap)
Staff:
Ne, algetseumnida.
Yes, certainly.
(Lit. Yes, I understand.)
(The waiter brings out the food.)

Staff:
Masitge deuseyo.
Enjoy your meal.
(Hyeonu gets the attention of waiter.)

Hyeonu: Jeogiyo.
Staff:
Excuse me. (Lit. Hey over
Yeogi mul han janman deo
there!) Can we have another
juseyo.
class of water, please?
Ne. Mwo piryohan geo deo
Sure. Is there anything else you
eopseuseyo?
need? (Lit. Is there not anything

else you need?)
Paul:
Anyo,gwaenchanayo.
No, were fine.
Staff:
Ne, algetseumnida.
Okay then.
Vocabulary
.
Welcome (Lit. Please come in right away)
three people
+?
is it?
(+/ is the honorific form of +/.)
[ this side+ to] this way
[ come+(very polite present tense ending)]

(please) come
rice with mixed vegetables and beef
UNIT 8
[ order +(honorific infix) + (future infix)
+?(honorific question ending)]
253
Are you ready to order?
one
kimchi stew
two
meat
[ give+(very polite present tense ending)]

(please) give
[ take out; except; exclude + and + (polite particle)]

without meat, please
Okay. (Lit. I understand.)
Enjoy your meal [ deliciously *this is really part

of an idiomatic expression so cant really be translated by
itself; (please) take; eat; drink (honorific)]
[ over there +(polite particle)] Excuse me.
here
water
one cup
only
more; (also forms comparatives like the English -er

ending: taller)
[ needed+(noun modifying adjective ending)

thing] needed thing
[ not have; there isnt+(very polite present tense

ending)] Is there not any?; Do you not have any?
254
UNIT 8
no
[ okay+(present tense ending)] okay
yes
255
UNIT 8
Restaurant Related Expressions

!
(Formal)
I will be enjoying the meal.
(Casual)
(You say this just before you start eating

the meal prepared or paid by someone
other than you.)
(Formal)
I enjoyed the meal.
(Casual)
I enjoyed the meal.
Yum; Tastes good.
().
Im full.
What is your recommendation?

(Lit. What is delicious in this restaurant?).
[A] ?
Does [A] have meat in it?
Could you hurry up, please?
May I have some more side dishes?

(Lit. Please give me more side dishes)
One more bowl of rice, please.
I didnt order this.
I didnt order this.
Complements of the house

(Lit. This is a (free) service)
May I have the bill please?
256
UNIT 8
Pure Korean Numbers

Korean uses two sets of numbers. The first is comprised of numbers that
predate the influence of Chinese culture in Korea, Pure Korean numbers.
The second is based on the Chinese number system, Sino-Korean numbers.
Pure Korean numbers up to 12 were introduced in unit 6 for telling the time
(saying 1 oclock, etc.). Here we will introduce more Pure Korean
numbers. You will hear these numbers used most often for counting everyday
objects, such as when people are ordering things in cafs, etc.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Examples:
(1) .
Please give me one apple.
(2) .
Two lattes, please.
(3) .
Ill have three coffees.
(4) .
Ill have four hamburgers.
Note that the object does not change to a plural form when there is more than
one, unlike in English.
257
UNIT 8
Note also that a modified form of , , , and are used with

counting nouns (shown below).
(5a) .
Ill have two coffees.
(5b) .
Ill have two cups of coffee.
While these numbers exist up to 99 (shown below), nowadays most Koreans

tend to use them only for numbers up to about 20. Listening Comprehension
Tasks 10 and 11 introduce the Pure Korean numbers up to 20.
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
258
UNIT 8
Task 9: Word Check

Connect the numerals with their Pure Korean number equivalent. The first
one is done for you.
1
2
10
259
UNIT 8
Task 10: Listening

one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
You are going to hear pure Korean numbers from 1 to 10. Circle the
number that you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. a.5 b.9
2. a.7 b.10
3. a.2 b.8
4. a.9 b.3
5. a.1 b.6
6. a.3 b.8
7. a.3 b.9
8. a.3 b.1
9. a.7 b.5
10. a.4 b.9
You are going to hear the numbers again. However, this time write down
the number that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen!
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
260
UNIT 8
Task 11: Listening

eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
You are going to hear pure Korean numbers from 11 to 20. Circle the
number that you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. a.15 b.14
2. a.17 b.13
3. a.11 b.18
4. a.19 b.13
5. a.11 b.16
6. a.18 b.19
7. a.15 b.13
8. a.12 b.17
9. a.12 b.15
10. a.20 b.19
261
UNIT 8
Task 12: Role Play

Practice the following role play with a partner
A:
Shop assistant: You work in a fast food restaurant. Take your

customers order, filling out the order sheet below as you go. After you
have finished show your partner what you have written to check that
you have taken the order correctly. Switch roles when you have
finished.
B:
Customer: You are ordering fast food for you and your friends. Decide
the quantities of each item that you will order from the menu below and
write it down. Order the items from the shop assistant.
[ ]
A: . (Welcome. Lit. Please come in right away)
? (What can I get you?)
B: .
A: , , ?
B: , . (Yes, thats right)
262
UNIT 8
Noun +, +() and +/ and

+, +() and +/ are particles added to the end of a noun to
connect it to another noun:
1) + for conversational speech:
2) +() for conversational speech, which often used by children or young

females
o If the word ends in a vowel +:
o If the word ends in a consonant, +:
3) +/ for writing or formal speech

o If the word ends in a vowel, +:
o If the word ends in a consonant, +:
Note that there is no space between the first noun and the particle, but there is
a space between the particle and the second noun (not , but
). We use + most often in conversation.
Examples:
(1) : .
: ,
(2) A: ? .
B:
Please give me a coke and a coffee.

Certainly, here you are.
When do you have Korean classes?
On Mondays and Wednesdays.
(3) .
I bought bread and milk.
(4)
Independent Film Bread and Milk,
( )
Director: Shin-yon Won.
263
UNIT 8
Task 13: Writing

Work out what the following dialogue means and fill in the blanks using the
words below. There may be more than one answer.
+
. ?
.
?
, , .
, . ?
Note: Korean pub goers normally order (drinking snacks) to go with

their drinks. (It is often compulsory to do so!) These side dishes can vary
from plates of nibbles to large hot dishes of nicely prepared food. The drinks
are very cheap and the pubs usually make their money from selling these
side dishes.
264
UNIT 8
Task 14: Listening

(EXPONENT)
A(things) .
Give me A please.
coke
coffee
orange juice
milk
routine expression meaning welcome

You are going to hear three dialogues in which a customer is ordering
drinks in a coffee shop. Write down the number of drinks the customer orders
in the box next to the drink. Ready? Listen!
9
?
Unit Focus:
Asking for and Giving Prices
Asking for a Discount
o How much?
o Sino-Korean Numbers
o Telling the Time: # minutes
o am/are/is not
o Rate and Ratio Particle + per
o Delimiter Particle + only
o Demonstrative Pronouns: , , and
o Vocabulary: Colour Terms
o Vocabulary: Consumer Items
266
UNIT 9 ?
267
UNIT 9 ?
Jihun and Minseo are at a fast food restaurant.
:

Assistant: Mwo deurilkkayo?
What can I get you?
Jihun:
Bulgogi beogeo seteu dul
Two bulgogi burger meals,
juseyo.
please.
Assistant: Yeogi itseumnida.
Here you are.
Jihun:
How much is that?
Eolmayeyo?
Assistant: Gucheonwonimnida.
Thats 9,000 won.
Assistant: Manwon badatseumnida.
Thats (Lit. I have received)

10,000 won.
Assistant: Cheonwon deuryeotseumnida. Thats 1,000 won change. (Lit.

I have given you 1,000 won.)
268
UNIT 9 ?
Vocabulary
what
[ give(honorific)+?shall I?]
Shall I give ?
bulgogi burger
meal
two
[ give+(honorific present tense ending)]

(please) give
[ here there is+(formal style present tense

ending)] here it is (polite)
[ how much+ am/are/is] How much is it?
9,000 won
+ is the formal style version of +/

(am/are/is).
10,000 won
[ receive+(formal style past tense ending)]

received (polite)
1,000 won
[ give(honorific)+(formal style past tense

ending)] gave (polite)
Note 1: Korean shop assistants typically use formal-honorific forms when

speaking to customers. Customers will generally speak to shop
assistants in more casual - though still polite - forms.
Note 2: The highest valued Korean note is 50,000 won and the lowest is
UNIT 9 ?
269
1,000 won. Coins range from 1 won to 500 won.

Current Korean currency can be found at the following web
address: http://eng.bok.or.kr/broadcast.action?menuNaviId=1691
270
UNIT 9 ?
am/are/is not
1) +/ (am/are/is)
In unit 1 you have learned +/ to say A is B when B is a noun and
not an adjective. Remember that this ending must be added to the end of a
noun, pronoun or wh-question word.
Noun+()
(Casual)
Noun+/
(Polite)
Noun+()
(Honorific)
Noun+
(Polite, formal)
Noun+()
(Honorific, formal)
Rules:
If the noun ends in a vowel: +

What is that?
If it ends in a consonant: +
.
Its a photo of my girlfriend.
2)
If you want to say that A is not B, then you use .
Noun
(Casual)
Noun
(Polite)
Noun
(Honorific)
Noun
(Polite, formal)
Noun
(Honorific, formal)
271
UNIT 9 ?
However in this case, we do not write it as an ending attached to the noun, but
as a separate word:
.
This is not my book.
Examples:
(1) A:
Is s/he a Korean?
, .
No. S/hes not a Korean.
(2) A:
That car is not a Japanese one.
B:
, ?
Then what country does it come
B:
from?
(3) A:
B:
(4) A:
B:
How much is that?
Its 10 dollars.
?*
Who is s/he? (honorific)
S/he is a professor of Korean

Studies.
(5) A:
What year of school is your

younger brother in?
B:
.*
He is in 3rd year of high school.
(* is pronounced hang-nyeon.)
(6) A:
When is your graduation

ceremony?
B:
Its on the 25th of February.
272
UNIT 9 ?
(7) A:
Where are we?

(Lit. Where is this place?)
B:
* .
We are in Jongno 3-ka.

(Lit. It is Jongno 3-ka)
(Pronounced jong-no.)
(8) A:
Whats the date today?
B:
Its the 27th.
Refer to the appendix 1 at the end of the book.
273
UNIT 9 ?
How much?
You learned the meaning of - how many, or what when used with
numerical nouns such as time/age/date/floor etc. - in Unit 6. Now we
will look at the word which has a similar meaning, but different usage.
is also used for numerical quantities but, unlike , is not used

before nouns. For example, can be used for the following:
(1) ?
What time is it?
(2) ?
What age are you?/What age is s/he?
(3) ?
What floor is it?
In these examples, is asking what number.

It is also used like this:
(4) ?
How many cups of coffee do you

drink in a day?
, on the other hand, is used like this:

(5) ?
How much is this?
Note that there is no noun after , but simply the verb meaning is. This
construction can always be equated to How much is? In the simple form
above, it is used to ask the price of something, but the word price is not used
in the sentence. So when asking about prices, always use , and for now,
use for asking about all other quantities or amounts.
274
UNIT 9 ?
Sino-Korean Numbers
Sino-Korean numbers are used in cases where numbers are more abstract. As
such, they are used for dates, telephone numbers, bus numbers, amounts of
money including prices, minutes when telling the time, room numbers, floors
of a building, measurements of weight, height, and so on.
/ 0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
10
20
30
40
100
200
300
400
1000
2000
3000
4000
10000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
50
20000
Examples:
year
1995
month name
January
date (of the month)
the 2nd (of a month)
weeks
three weeks
minutes
four minutes
currency
five won
floor
the sixth floor
building number
building no. 7
room number
room no. 8
telephone number , 1 901-2000
275
UNIT 9 ?
Note 1: Koreans typically express the first four (or three) digits of a phone
number as one number, followed by , and then the last four digits as
another number, before finally adding . However, Koreans are increasingly
expressing phone numbers as a series of digits, as in English.
More examples:
(1)
(2)
A: ?
How much is this?
B: .
Its 1,500 won.
A: * ? How much is the starting

salary?
B: .
3,000,000 won (per month).
(In Korea, salaries are calculated by the month. means a months

pay ( month + provision). An employee will usually receive a
bonus payment which can be up to 6 months base salary per year, as
well as allowances for meals and travelling expenses. Starting annual
salaries for university graduates in major companies averaged
29,850,000 won (A$ 40,695) in 2007.)
(3)
A: * ?
When is Chuseok?
B: .
Its August 15
in the lunar calendar.
( is one of the most important public holidays in the Korean

calendar. Traditionally, it marked the end of the harvest in autumn. On
the day before literally millions of Koreans jam the highways as
they travel to their hometowns for the traditional celebrations.)
276
UNIT 9 ?
(4) A: ?
B: .*
Which floor is your office on?

Its on the third floor
(In Korea, the ground floor is designated (floor 1). So is

actually equivalent to the second floor in Australia.)
(5) A: ?
How long have you studied

Korean?
B: .
(6) A: .
3 weeks.
Could you deliver this please?
B: ?
Please give me the address.
A: .
1006, Block 7, Hyundai

Apartments.
In examples 2, 3, 4 and 6 a subject particle has been used (+ in 2, 3 and 4,

+ in 6). This is because in these sentences, your attention is being focussed
on the subject (i.e. monthly pay, Chuseok, office, address). When the subject
noun ends in a consonant, you use +, when it ends in a vowel you use +.
Normally, in conversation this subject particle can be omitted.
Note that it is important to remember for which items you must use pure
Korean numbers and in which cases you must use Sino-Korean numbers.
Eventually you should not have to think about which number system to use.
Normally, numbers are written using digits and not spelled out in Hangul. So
when a number is written as, for example, 24, you need to know whether to
read it as or as to avoid sounding like a foreigner!
277
UNIT 9 ?
Task 1: Listening
/
zero
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
You are going to hear Sino-Korean numbers from 0 to 10. Circle the
numbers that you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. a.4 b.5
2. a.10 b.3
3. a.2 b.8
4. a.9 b.3
5. a.1 b.6
6. a.3 b.8
7. a.3 b.9
8. a.3 b.1
9. a.0 b.8
10. a.4 b.9
11. a.10 b.7
the numbers that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen!
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
278
UNIT 9 ?
Task 2: Listening
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
1. a.15 b.14
2. a.17 b.13
3. a.12 b.18
4. a.19 b.13
5. a.11 b.16
6. a.18 b.19
7. a.15 b.13
8. a.11 b.17
9. a.12 b.15
10. a.20 b.19
279
UNIT 9 ?
Task 3: Listening
ten
twenty
thirty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
(a) hundred
1. a. 40
b. 90
2. a. 30 b. 70
3. a. 20 b. 80
4. a. 50
b. 90
5. a. 60 b. 30
6. a. 70 b. 80
7. a. 40
b. 30
8. a. 10 b. 90
9. a. 50 b. 30
10. a. 100
b. 90
the numbers that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen!
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
280
UNIT 9 ?
Task 4: Writing
Read the dialogues and write down the prices next to each article. The first
a. ball-point pen
150
b. cigarette
c. ice cream
d. cheeseburger
1. : ?
: .
2. : ?
: .
3. : ?
: .
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
281
UNIT 9 ?
Task 5: Role Play

Practise the following role play with a partner.
A:
Customer: You are in a coffee shop. There is a menu on the table but
there are no prices. Ask the waiter/waitress the price of each item and
fill in the menu below. When you have all the prices, order a drink.
When you have finished, show your partner what you have written to
check if youve got the prices correct. Refer to the dialogue below.
B:
Waiter: You are serving a customer in a coffee shop. Decide what you
would like to charge for your coffees.
[ ]
:
[ ] ?
2,500 .
, [ ]?
MENU
282
UNIT 9 ?
Task 6: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A .
Give me A, Please.
Here you are.
How much is it?
A (price) .
It's A won (Korean currency unit).
ice cream
cheeseburger
hamburger
coke
coffee
milk
indian tea
and
general item counting noun
French fries
routine expression meaning welcome
sum
Sino-Korean numbers up to 9,000: hundred thousand

You are going to hear some dialogue that might happen in a fast food
restaurant. Listen for the number of items that a customer is ordering and the
price. Write down the number and the price on your sheet. Ready? Listen!
283
UNIT 9 ?
1.
2.
284
3.
UNIT 9 ?
4.
285
UNIT 9 ?
Task 7: Writing
Complete the dialogue: You are looking for a newspaper at a kiosk.
1. :
2. :
3. :
4. :
5. :
. (Welcome)
? (What are you looking for?)
, .
, .
286
UNIT 9 ?
Telling the Time: # minutes

You have learnt that Pure Korean numbers and Sino-Korean numbers are
used for different things. When telling the time, both sets of numbers have to
be used. You have learnt how to say 1 oclock, 2 oclock, etc., with Pure
Korean numbers. Now that we have introduced Sino-Korean numbers, the
way to specify the minutes of the time will be explained.
Sino Korean numbers are used for the minutes of the time:

3:15
To say a specific time, including how many minutes past, simply add the
number of minutes followed by the word (minutes) after the hour, so you
have something like three oclock and fifteen minutes.
Examples:
(1) A: ?
B: .
(2) A: ?*
B: .
( is pronounced "kkeunnayo".)
What is the time (now)?

It is 3:15.
What time does the class finish?

It ends at 4:55.
287
UNIT 9 ?
Task 8: Listening
You are going to hear more dialogue on the time. " ?"
"12 30." Write down the time that you hear in Korean. Ready?
Listen!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
. 10.
11.
. 12.
288
UNIT 9 ?
289
UNIT 9 ?
Minseo is buying fruit at a market.
:
, , ?
: .
:
, ?
: .
:
, ?
: .
:
. .
: , .
:
... , .

Minseo:
Jeo, ajeossi, sagwa
Excuse me, (Lit. Hey there old
eolmayeyo?
man/uncle,) how much are the

apples?
Shopkeeper: Han gaee cheon wonieyo.
Theyre 1,000 won each.
Minseo:
Geureom, i podoneun
How much are these grapes
eotteoke haeyo?
then?
Shopkeeper: Killoe Sacheon wonindeyo.
Theyre 4,000 won per kilo.
Minseo:
Well then, what about the
Geureomyeon, baeneunyo?
pears?
Shopkeeper: Han gaee samcheon
Theyre 3,000 won each.
wonindeyo.
Minseo:
Neomu bissayo.
Thats too expensive. Can you
Jom kkakka juseyo.
give me a discount? (Lit. Please

lower the price a little.)
290
UNIT 9 ?
Shopkeeper: Geureomyeon, icheon

palbaek wonman naeseyo.
Minseo:
Well then, just give me 2,800

won.
Eum... geureomyeon, bae se Um then, I will take three

gae juseyo.
pears, please.
Vocabulary
?
[ how much+ is] How much is it?
[ one unit+ per] per unit
1,000 won
[ how ?do?]
How much ? (Lit. How do sell (per bunch or per kilo?))
[ kilo+ per] per kilo
[ four thousand] 4,000
[ am/are/is+ (soft sentence ending)] is
[ three thousand] 3,000
too
[ expensive+(present tense ending)] expensive
a bit
[ reduce+ (please)] please reduce
[ two thousand eight hundred] 2,800
only; just
[ pay+(honorific present tense ending)]

please pay
three units
[ give+(honorific present tense ending)]

(please) give
UNIT 9 ?
291
Note 1: Male shopkeepers are addressed as . Older female

shopkeepers are addressed as . Younger female shopkeepers
are sometimes called by females, which literally means older
sister. However, they are hardly ever called by males, which
also means older sister but to a male. Males will simply call out
"yeogiyo" (literally Over here!) if they need to catch a young
female staff members attention.
Note 2: When ordering something in a shop in English, we often use a
phrase like Can I have this please. But in Korean you use ...
, which literally means Please give me ...
292
UNIT 9 ?
Rate and Ratio Particle + per

When we are using numbers, we often want to specify a price or an amount in
terms of another quantity. (For example $10 per kilo, 2000 calories per
person, 3 times per week, lemons are $2 for 3.) To do this in Korean, add the
particle + to the unit of measurement (the quantity which comes after per
in English). This amount comes before the rate (price, etc.) amount in
Korean.
1 10
10 dollars per kilo
Examples:
(1) :
:
How much are those grapes?
9,000 won per kilogram.
(2) :
(3) :
:
How much is one kilo of
that pork?
6,000 won per kilo.
How much is the beef?
50,000 won for 600 grams.
.
(600g ( ) is often used (rather than 1 kilogram or 500 grams)
because it approximates an old Korean measure.)
(4) :
:
How much are the apples?
10,000 won for 3.
293
UNIT 9 ?
Delimiter Particle + only

The particle + is used when you want to say only or just (e.g. I paid just
10 dollars, only 3 people came, give me just one ticket, I only went to
Brisbane.). + comes straight after the noun it refers to. As it is a particle,
you do not leave a space between the noun and when you write it.
(1) :
Theyre too expensive.
Could you give them to me

a bit cheaper?
: ,
.
Then just 2,800 won each.

(Lit. please pay just 2,800
won.)
(2) : .
Shall I give you these

apples too?
, .
No, just give me the pears.
Here it is.
How much is it?
Make it 80,000 won. (Lit.
(3) :
Give me just 80,000 won.)

:
How about 70,000 won?
All right.
Did any other students go
to the party?
, .
No, only I went.
(4) :
294
UNIT 9 ?
(5) :
Are you working
(part-time) on Saturdays as
well?
, .
No, I only work on

Fridays.
( on its own means Saturday, so the (day) is completely

redundant. However, the two are often used together in colloquial
speech. If you wanted to specify that something happened in the
daytime, as in the colloquial English, on Saturday day, then you
would say because the word does not have the
connotation of daytime that the English word day does. is
pronounced to-yo-il-lal.)
295
UNIT 9 ?
Task 9: Writing
Read the dialogues and write down the prices next to each article. The first
1.
2.
3.
a. book
15,000
b. camera
c. apple
d. pear
e. grapes
, , ?
, ?
, ?
296
UNIT 9 ?
Task 10: Role Play

A:
You are in a greengrocers. Ask the shop assistant the prices of the fruit
below and write them down in the appropriate blanks. When you have
finished, show your partner what you have written to check if you have
the prices correct.
B:
You are a shop assistant in a greengrocers. Decide the price you would
like to receive for each item.
[ ]
A:
, / ?
B:
A:
B:
() .
A:
, () .
kg
kg
UNIT 9 ?
297
298
UNIT 9 ?
299
UNIT 9 ?
Minseo is buying a sweater at a department store.
:
.
... , ?
. ?1
, .

Minseo
Jeo kkaman seuweteo
How much is that black sweater?
eolmayeyo?
Assistant Sippalman wonindeyo.
Its 180,000 won.
Minseo
Jom bissaneyo.
Oh, thats a bit expensive.
Eum...geureom, i ppalgan
UmWhat about this red
seuweteoneunyo?
sweater then?
Assistant Guman ocheon wonieyo.
Thats 95,000 won.
Minseo
Can I have a look at it?
Jom boyeo juseyo.
(Lit. Please show it to me.)

Assistant Yeogi isseoyo.
Minseo
Here it is.
Maeume deuseyo?
Do you like it?
Ne, yeppeuneyo.
Yes, it is pretty.
300
UNIT 9 ?
Vocabulary
that (one over there)
black
sweater
[ how much+ am/are/is] How much is it?
180,000 won
[ am/are/is+ (soft sentence ending)] is
[ expensive +(polite) exclamatory ending]

expensive
this
red
95,000 won
please; a bit
[ show+ please] please show (it) to me
[ here there is+(present tense ending)]

here it is
Does it appeal to you?
[ pretty; looks nice + (polite exclamatory

ending)] pretty
Note 1: You have previously learnt ? However, when you are

buying things ? is used instead (Lit. Does it match with
your heart/feelings?). A shop assistant might also ask ' ?
(Is the size right?).
301
UNIT 9 ?
Demonstrative Pronouns: , , and

(this) is used when you want to refer to something or someone located
close to you the speaker, (that) to something or someone located not close
to you the speaker but to the listener, (that over there) to something or
someone distant from both speaker and listener. The corresponding question
word is (which).
this book
this (one)
here
that book
that (one); it
there
that book
that (one)
over there
which book
which (one)
where
Examples:
(1) A:
B:
(2) A:
B:
Give me that one.
? ?
Which one? This one?
What is that (over there)?
Its a Korean mask.
(3) (A customer is talking to a shop assistant about buying a TV.)

: LCD TV ?
How much is this Samsung

LCD TV?
: .
Its 1,050,000 won.
: LG ?
Well then how much is that LG

over there?
: .
Its 1,190,000 won.
302
UNIT 9 ?
Vocabulary: Colour Terms

/
colour
white
black
red
blue
yellow
green
/ 2
pink
orange
grey
brown
purple
violet
gold
silver
rainbow (, , , , , (indigo), )
Note 1:
is also used sometimes to describe the colour green. In

ancient Korean there were only five pure colour words, so
was used to denote both blue and green.
Note 2:
Younger people tend to use rather than , which has

an old fashioned connotation.
Note 3:
literally means chestnut colour.
303
UNIT 9 ?
Task 11: Role Play

A:
You are a customer in a department store looking at the sweaters listed

below. You have a budget of only 65,000 . Choose a sweater and ask
the shop assistant the price. When you find one you can afford, then buy
it.
1. black sweater
2. brown sweater
5. white sweater
6. grey sweater
3. red sweater
4. orange sweater
7. yellow sweater 8. purple sweater
9. violet sweater
10. pink sweater
11. blue sweater
12. green sweater
B:
You are a shop assistant. Decide what prices you would like to charge
for the sweaters.
[ ]
:
. , ?
. ?
, .
304
UNIT 9 ?
Vocabulary: Consumer Items
refrigerator
television
washing machine
electric heater
electric rice cooker
vacuum cleaner
bed
desk
sofa
bookcase
computer
mobile phone
MP3
MP3 player
( )
digital camera
electronic dictionary
watch
leather shoe
handbag
ring
necklace
earring
305
UNIT 9 ?
Task 12: Word Check

Match the Korean to the English. The first one has been done for you.
a.
e.
i.
b.
f.
j.
c.
g.
k.
d.
h.
l.
1.
shoes
2.
bed
3.
7.
watch
8.
sofa
bookcase
9.
ring
4.
television
10.
refrigerator
5.
desk
11.
handbag
6.
earrings
12.
necklace
306
UNIT 9 ?
Task 13: Listening

(EXPONENT)
?
How much is it?
A/?
How about A?
refrigerator
bed
desk
sofa
bookcase
then
colour television
I see
thank you
Sino-Korean numbers up to 200,000
thousand
ten thousand
Sumi has come to Seoul to go to a university and has rented a flat. She
needs lots of household items. She has decided to buy second hand furniture.
Now, she is calling to find out the prices of some items shown in the
advertisement below. Write down the price next to each item that you hear.
Ready? Listen!
307
UNIT 9 ?
(3.0kg)
2 3
3
6985-7643 100 x 200 cm
80x150cm
(5)
3 5
4 2
5388-9155
6 386DX40
MP3
4387-2513
7556-3440
8565-3740
10
FM/AM

75
7
70
8
9 5
3736-1884
50
308
UNIT 9 ?
Task 14: Web Task

Visit the (EMart) web site and find the prices of 5 items you want to
buy: http://www.emart.co.kr
309
UNIT 9 ?
Task 15: Word Check

Select the odd one out in the following group of words. The first one has been
done for you.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
310
UNIT 9 ?
Task 16: Reading

1. Read the following text from beginning to end without stopping, even if
you come across vocabulary that you dont know. Try to guess the meaning
through the context.
2. If you still have words that you dont know after you have tried guessing
from the context, ask your classmates. You will probably be able to
understand most of the new vocabulary using this method.
3. Ask your teacher about any remaining unknown vocabulary.
(Susan has come to Korea on an exchange program and wrote the following
email to her Korean teacher in Australia.)
.
.
! 18,000 .
. .
!
1,250 4,000 !
. .
. 5,500 .
. .
UNIT 9 ?
311
Vocabulary
[ Seoul Uni+ to] to Seoul (National) Univ.
[ exchange student+ as]

as an exchange student
[ come+(past tense ending)] came
[ yesterday+(topic particle)] yesterday
[ friend (plural suffix)+ with] with friends
[ restaurant+ at] at a restaurant
lunch
[ eat+(past tense ending)] ate
+/
object particles
[ eat+(past tense infix)(connector for adding

extra information)] ate and
[ quite expensive+(past tense ending)]

was quite expensive
[ one serving+ per] per serving
past tense form of +
[ today+(topic particle)] today
at; in
well; and
[ very inexpensive+(past tense ending)]

was very cheap
[ restaurant+ at+(topic particle)]

at the restaurant
[ meal+(subject particle)] meals
+ +
from to
am; is; are
312
UNIT 9 ?
with
[ go+(past tense ending)] went
(caf) latte
[ drink+(past tense ending)] drank
[+ am/are/is+(connector for adding extra

information)] (it) was and
[ extremely expensive+(past tense

ending)] was extremely expensive
my
So; therefore
[ uni student+(plural suffix)+(topic particle)]

uni students
[ more inexpensive+ because] Cause (it) is

cheaper
10
?
Unit Focus:
Talking About Yourself and Your Family
o Expressing Your Age

o Addressing Peers at School:
o Education System in Korea
o Vocabulary: Faculties and Departments
o Word Contractions
o Vocabulary: Family
o Honorific Subject and Topic Particles
o Possessive Pronouns
o Vocabulary: Occupations
o +/ ?
Would you mind telling me ?
o Sending a Text Message
314
UNIT 10 ?
315
UNIT 10 ?
Hyeonu introduces Minjun to Paul who is younger than both of them.
:
.
?
, . ?
2 .
92 .
, 89 .

Minjun: Hangugeo jeongmal jal haneyo. Your Korean is really good.
Paul:
Eodiseo baewosseoyo?
Where did you learn it?
Hangugeo jeongonghaeyo.
Im majoring in Korean.
Minjun: A~eojjeonji. Geureom jigeum

Paul:
Ah~ No wonder. What year are
myeot hangnyeonieyo?
you in (at university)?
I hangnyeonindeyo.
Im in second year.
Minjun: Hoksi myeot nyeon saengieyo?
Do you mind telling me what

year you were born?
Paul:
Gui nyeondo saengiyo.
I was born in 92.
Minjun: A~ urin palgu nyeon saenginde. Ah~ We were born in 89.
316
Paul:
UNIT 10 ?
Geureom hyeongineyo.
Then youre my hyeong. (A

males older brother)
Minjun: Geureoge.
I suppose. (Lit. Thats right.)
Paul:
Then you should use panmal
Geureom mal noeuseyo.
with me.(Lit. relax your speech).

Minjun: Geuraedo dwaeyo?
Is that alright?
Paul:
Of course.
Geureomyo.
Vocabulary
Korean (language)
really
[ good at+(exclamatory ending)] good at
[ where+()(location particle)] where
[ learn+(past tense ending)] learnt
[(present tense form)] major in
no wonder; so thats why
now
[ what school year] what school year

is pronounced myeo-tang-nyeon.
am/are/is
[ two school year] second year (at school/uni)
[ am/are/is+ (polite soft ending)] is
if by any chance;
[ what year + born in]
92
born in 92
polite ending, added to incomplete sentences, such as

one-word answers, in casual speech
317
UNIT 10 ?
[ we+(topic particle)] we
[ am/are/is+(casual soft ending)] are
older brother (of a male)
[ am/are/is+(ending used when you have just

realised something)] are
thats right
(You can) use less formal speech.
Would that be okay?
[ of course+(polite ending, added to incomplete

sentences, such as one-word answers, in casual speech)]
yes certainly
Note 1: In Korea, students dont talk about studying Arts or Science, but
identify themselves by their department.
Note 2: Asking a person's age is quite common in Korea as they need to
know the hierarchy and status for using right form of speech.
Asking which year someone was born in is the most common way
to ask about age. However, when people feel uneasy to ask
someones age, they ask what Asian zodiac animal he or she is. As
there are twelve zodiac animals, it isnt difficult to then guess the
persons age.
Note 3: Koreans would not normally thank a person for a compliment as in
English, because it is considered immodest. Instead, they might say
(I still cant do it well) or (far
from doing it well).
Example
A: .
Your Korean is really good.
B: .
I still cant do it well.
318
UNIT 10 ?
Expressing Your Age

There are two ways of expressing a persons age in Korean.
1. Pure Korean Number
2. Sino-Korean Number
The first way is normally used in everyday speech. The second is used in
more formal situations, such as filling out forms:
(1) .
Susan is twenty years old.
(2) :
Name: Susan
Age: 20 years
: 20 () .
(Note that Sino-Korean numbers are more often written as digits.)

The pure Korean numbers are provided below. Refer to Unit 9 for
Sino-Korean numbers.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
50
60
70
30
40
80
90
As previously noted, a modified form of , , , and is used in

conjunction with counting nouns such as : , , , ,
. No other numbers are modified. Thus, you would say or .
UNIT 10 ?
319
Addressing Peers at School:

Between first and second year in university most Korean males spend about
two years in the military () doing national service. This means that when
they return to university for second year, they may be much older than others
in the same level. These students are called or returning students.
Younger students in the same year level would address respectfully
because of their age, unless the level of intimacy between them allowed
otherwise.
320
UNIT 10 ?
Education System in Korea

Education in Korea is considered very important and competition is great.
School begins with kindergarten through primary school (excluding prep)
and on to middle and senior high schools, which are separate unlike in
Australia. Although only six years of primary school and three years of
middle school are compulsory, most Koreans will also attend the three years
of senior high school as well.
Tertiary education consists of four years of University or two years of
vocational collage. Unlike Australia, Korean Universities do not offer an
Honours year although there are postgraduate schools where students can
study Masters or a Ph.D.
The school year is divided into two semesters for early schooling as well as
tertiary education. The first semester begins in March and lasts until mid-July
and the second from September 1st till late-December.
Education System
kindergarten
senior high school
primary school
university
middle school
postgraduate school
Level of Study

first year
fourth year
second year
masters course
third year
Ph.D course
321
UNIT 10 ?
Task 1: ?
You are going to ask about the year of university and age of your classmates.
First you should check the vocabulary list below to find how to say the level
of study relevant to yourself. Now move around the class asking questions to
the other students, filling in the table below.
[ ]
A:
B:
[ 3 ] .
?
A:
/ [ 2 ] , [ 91 ] .
Note: Someone who was born in the year 2000 would have to say
whereas someone born in 1987 can simply use the two last digits:
.
Level of Study

first year
fourth year
second year
masters course
third year
Ph.D course
Name ()
Level ()
Age ()
322
UNIT 10 ?
323
UNIT 10 ?
Paul is asking Minjun how he knows Hyeonu.
:
, . , ?
... ?
, .
, .
?
. ?

Minjun: Geureom ijebuteo mal noeulge. Well, I will start using Banmal
(less formal language) from now
on.
Paul:
Ne, hyeong. Geunde
Yes, Hyeong. Hey how do you
hyeonurang, ani hyeonu
know Hyeonu, I mean Hyeong
hyeongirang eotteoke arayo?
Hyeonu?
Minjun: High School dongchangiya.
We are fellow alumni from high

school.
Paul:
Dong mwoyo?
Minjun: Eo, dongchang

Godeunghakgyo gachi
danyeosseo.
Fellow what?
Oh, fellow alumni.
We went to high school together.
324
Paul:
UNIT 10 ?
A, geureokuna. Geunde
Oh, thats how. Hey, what
hangugeseoneun eoneu daehak
Korean university did you go to?
danyeosseoyo?
Minjun: Korea Univ.
Korea University.
Paul:
And your major?
Jeongongeunyo?
Minjun: Jeongongeun gyeongyeong.

Paul:
Business management.
Neon jeongongi mwonya?
Whats your major?
Gyeongjehago hangugeoyo.
Economics and Korean.
Vocabulary
[ now+ from] from now on
I will use less formal language
but; by the way
older brother (for a male)
+()
with
nah, I mean (used when correcting what you have just said)
how
[ know+(present tense ending)] know
senior high school
fellow alumni
casual form of +
[ what+?(polite ending)] what?
together
[ attend+(casual past tense ending)] attended
ah, so its like that
[ Korea+ in+(topic particle)] in Korea
UNIT 10 ?
325
what; which
university (or )
[ attend+( polite past tense ending)] attended
Korea University
major
()
business management
()
economics
and
Korean (language)
Note: (banmal) is made up of , which means half and which

means speech and refers to the casual form you have been studying.
326
UNIT 10 ?
Vocabulary: Faculties and Departments
Faculty of Arts
Faculty of Science
Faculty of Medicine
Faculty of Law
Faculty of Business
Faculty of Education
Department of Computer Science
Department of Media Communication

Department of Political Science and Diplomacy
Department of English Language and Literature
Department of French Language and Literature
Department of Korean Language and Literature
Department of Korean Language Education
Department of Asian Languages and Studies
Department of Economics
Department of Business Adminstration
Note: To talk about a particular Major of Study, the above vocabulary is used
without (Department): (economics major).
327
UNIT 10 ?
Task 2: ?
Fill in the blanks of the example dialogue below with an appropriate response.
If you dont know the name of your major in Korean, you can refer to the list
of faculties and departments on the previous page. The department names can
be made into subject names by taking off the . Now move around the class
introducing yourself to the other students and filling in the table below.
[ ]
A:
B:
[ ]().
A:
B:
[ ]().
A:
[
[
Name ()
] .
]/.
Major ()
328
UNIT 10 ?
Word Contractions
Koreans, like Australians, like to shorten words by contracting them. This is
particularly noticeable with university names as shown below:
or (Australia)
Victoria University
Vic Uni
University of Queensland
UQ
It is also common to use contractions for the library names at university since
there is usually more than one:

(Main Library)
(Science Library)
UNIT 10 ?
329
330
UNIT 10 ?
331
UNIT 10 ?
Paul is asking Minjuns family details.
:
... ?
. . ? ?
?
... , .
, . . .
, .

Paul:
Jibi seourieyo?
Are you from Seoul?
Minjun: Eo~
Yeah.
Paul:
Where in Seoul?
Seoul eodiyo?
Minjun: Sinsa-dong... Geunde wae?
Sinsa Dong Why?
Paul:
No reason. Just curious.

What about your family?
Do you all live together?
Anieyo. Geunyang
gunggeumhaeseoyo.
Gajogeunyo? Da gachi sarayo?
Minjun: Gajok? Eum... Bumonimeun

daejeone gyesigo, seoureneun
yeodongsaenghagoman sara.
Family? Um My parents are

in Daejeon, Im just living with
my younger sister in Seoul.
Paul:
A, geureokuna.
Oh. (Lit. So thats how it is.)
Paul:
Beolsseo sigani ireoke

dwaenne.
Jeo ga bolgeyo.
Time has flown.

(Lit. already this much.)
I have to go. (Lit. I will go.)
Minjun: Geurae, josimhaeseo ga.
Ok, take care.

(Lit. be careful on your way)
332
UNIT 10 ?
Vocabulary
no reason
[ house+(subject particle)] house
Seoul
am/are/is
yeah
[ where +(polite ending)] where?
S(h)insa Dong
but why?
am/are/is not; no; no reason
just
[ curious() curious, so] its because

Im curious
[ family+ what about?]

what about your family?
[ all together] all together
[ live+(present tense ending)] live
[ parents+(honorific suffix)+(topic particle)]

parents
[ Daejeon+ in] in Daejeon
[ there is/are + and] [+] is the

honorific word used in place of but it does not have
the meaning of to have.
[+ in+(topic particle)] in Seoul
[ female younger sibling] younger sister
[ with+ only] only with
[ live+(casual present tense ending)] live
UNIT 10 ?
,
333
[ ah, like that +(exclamatory ending)]

ah, so its like that.
already
time
like this; (this much)
[ become+(past tense infix)+(ending, when you have

just realised something)]
I; me (humble)
I have to go
yes; okay
take care in going
334
UNIT 10 ?
Vocabulary: Family
father
(boys) elder brother
mother
younger brother
son
younger sister
daughter
first
husband
second
wife
third
grandmother
youngest child/sibling
grandfather
cousin
(girls) elder sister
uncle
(boys) elder sister
auntie
(girls) elder brother
by ones self
In Korea, the arrangement of family relationships is extremely important, and

there is an elaborate system of kinship terms to describe the relationship you
have to your relatives.
So for example, there are different words for older brothers and sisters
depending on your sex. These words for older sister and brother, /
and /, are also commonly used between people who are not related.
When you feel close to someone who is older than you, you can call him or
her by the appropriate term for your sex. Koreans dont refer to or speak to
people who are older than them using their given names.
Koreans also distinguish between the fathers family and the mothers. The
terms given above for grandparents, uncles and aunts only refer to the fathers
family. If you were speaking about your mothers side, you would add the
UNIT 10 ?
335
word (meaning outside) in front of each of the terms: ,

, .
There are also other relationship terms without equivalent English

designations. Some of these are:
fathers elder brother
wife of fathers elder brother
fathers younger brother
wife of fathers younger brother
oldest older brother
the younger of ones older brothers
A feature of modern Western families is the frequency with which people

have second marriages. As a result, it is not uncommon to have stepbrothers
and sisters. The way a Korean would refer to these would be to add the word
in front of the corresponding kinship terms. For example, is a
girls older stepbrother. To specify half-siblings, you would add the term
instead: , . However, both these terms have a
negative connotation in Korea as divorce continues to be stigmatized, despite
becoming increasingly common.
336
UNIT 10 ?
Task 3: / ?
Ask your partner about his or her siblings. Circle the right kinship term in the
cells below and write down their ages.
[ ]
A: / ?
B: , / , .
A: , ?
B: .
A: / ?
B: .
A: ?
B: .
Relationship
Age
/ / /
/ / /
/ / /
/ / /
/ / /
337
UNIT 10 ?
Task 4: Word Check

Write down the Korean words next to their English equivalents. The first one
has been done for you.
a.
h.
b.
i.
c.
j.
d.
k.
e.
l.
f.
m.
g.
1.
father
2.
mother
3.
daughter
4.
son
5.
husband
6.
wife
7.
younger sister
8.
elder brother to a female
9.
elder sister to a male
10. elder sister to a female

11. elder brother to a male
12. younger brother
13. children
338
UNIT 10 ?
Honorific Subject and Topic Particles

When Koreans refer to their parents (and to seniors in general), they use
honorific words as a mark of respect. You have already seen the way that
verbs are modified in honorific speech. The subject and topic particles also
have an honorific form. The subject particle +/ becomes + and the
topic particle +/ becomes +.
Subject Particle
Topic Particle
+/
+/
(Plain)
(Honorific)
Examples:
(1)
Mr Kim is busy these days.
(2)
Grandfather is reading
the newspaper.
(3)
(4)
President Park has gone to
America.
My mother has gone on

a business trip.
(5)
(6)
Professor Lee is giving a lecture
on Korean history.
President Kim met
the Australian prime minister.
UNIT 10 ?
339
340
UNIT 10 ?
Possessive Pronouns
When we want to refer to the fact that something belongs to somebody in
English, we use possessive pronouns such as my, our, your, his, her,
and their. How you use the corresponding Korean words depends on styles
of speech. This is illustrated in the following table:
my
our
your
his/her
whose
Casual
Humble
Honorific
Note that or is used instead of (your) in speaking because the

pronunciation of (your) is very similar to (my).
Examples:
(1)
(2)
A:
Whose book is this?
B:
Its my book.
A:
Whose purse is this?
B:
Its mine.
However, in Korean you dont often use the 2nd or 3rd person possessive
pronouns. In such cases you just link the item and persons name:
(3) : ?
: . .
Young-jin, Is this your book?

No, its my fathers.
UNIT 10 ?
341
As seen in (3), Koreans often use (our) when they mean (my). This
reflects the importance of the group in Korean culture. A Korean will refer to
his or her parents, school and company as , and
respectively. A man may even refer to his wife as (lit. our
house person). However, if you were talking about something which is yours
personally and not the groups (other than your spouse!), you would use or
, as in examples (1) and (2).
342
UNIT 10 ?
Vocabulary: Occupations
nurse
novelist
public prosecutor
poet
police officer
chemist
public servant
fisherman
miner
cook
teacher
driver
professor; lecturer
banker
soldier
musician
technician
doctor
farmer
writer
dancer
politician
attorney
judge
secretary
painter; artist
business man
office worker
343
UNIT 10 ?
Task 5: ?
Use what you have learnt to talk about the members of your family and what
they do with a partner.
Relationship
Occupation
344
UNIT 10 ?
+/ ? Would you mind telling

me ?
Koreans can come across as a little rude to Westerners because they tend to
ask very personal questions. However, these personal details are considered
necessary in order to address people appropriately and use the correct level of
politeness. These questions are also a strategy to establish areas of
commonality between the speakers in order to build a relationship. The
phrase ... +/ ? is a very useful phrase for asking
strangers these kinds of personal questions. The phrase will also be used by
somebody who needs to know your personal information as part of his or her
job, such as a bank teller.
Examples:
(1)
Could you give me your name

please?
(2)
Would you mind telling me your

age?
(3)
Could you tell me your birthday?
(4)
Could you give me your date of

birth?
(5)
May I have your address?
(6)
Could you tell me your phone

number?
(7)
Could you tell me your height?
(8)
Could you tell me your weight?
345
UNIT 10 ?
(9)
Could you give me your occupation?
(10)
Could you tell me your hobbies?
(11)
Could you tell me your nationality?
If you were asking about a junior or a child, you would ask such questions in
a more direct way such as:
(12)
When is your (younger) sisters

birthday?
(13)
How tall is your (younger) brother?
(14)
What is your mobile phone number?
(15)
What year were you born?
(16)
What year did you enter university?
(17)
What is your address?
346
UNIT 10 ?
Task 6: Role Play

A:
You are a bank teller. You work in the new accounts section. A
customer wants to open a new account. Fill in the form below and show
your partner what you have written when you finish.
B:
You are in a bank to open a new account. Answer the bank tellers
questions. When finished, check that s/he has got all the information
correct.
[ ]
A:
B: .
A: ?
B: [ ].
A: ?
B: [ ].
A: ?
B: [ ],
[ ].
A: ?
B: [ ].
347
UNIT 10 ?
Task 7: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?
When is your birthday?
/?
When is your birthday?
A B .
It's the B of A.
year
birthday
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
10
October
11
November
12
December
Sino-Korean numbers up to 31
Listen to these people saying when their birthdays are. Circle the day of
the month each person was born and write down the number of the dialogue
next to it. Ready? Listen!
348
UNIT 10 ?
Task 8: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?
(Honorific Expression)
What is your name?
What is your name?
A/.
I'm A.
/?
When is your birthdate?
A B C.
It's the C of B (Year) A.
name(colloquial form)
honorific form of
written form of
birthdate
thousand
Sino-Korean numbers up to 2000
hundred
You will hear a dialogue in which a bank clerk is asking people names and
birthdates for a new account. Write down their birthdates on the correct form
below. Ready? Listen!
The last form (No. 6) is for you. The clerk will ask you your name and date
of birth. Tell them to the clerk and write them down on the form. Ready?
Listen!
349
UNIT 10 ?
Task 9: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?,
A.
?/ ?
A(number) .
?
A.
Who is that person?

She\he is A.
What is his/her age?
She/he is A years old.
What is her/his occupation?
It is A.
over there
that
person
who
age
occupation
then
counting unit for age
lawyer
doctor
computer
engineer
politician
pure Korean numbers up to 40
colloquial form of
what
is at a party and is asking her friend about people whom she does not
know. Write down their ages and occupations in the appropriate blanks.
Ready? Listen!
350
UNIT 10 ?
Sending a Text Message

As with English, Koreans like to use shortcuts and emoticons when sending a
text message. Shortcuts help to minimize the number of characters used such
as u = you in English. An emoticon is a character or collection of characters
that show some sort of emotion, and is useful for replacing some aspect of the
communication that would normally be conveyed through body language.
Koreans use them so much that a recent study showed that when text
messages did not include any emoticons, the recipient thought the sender was
angry (>.<)!
Examples:
(1)
()
exam
(2)
()
teacher
(3)
()
mail
(4)
()
sorry
(5)
()
game
(6)
()
Saturday
(7)
()
laughing
(8)
()
laughing
(9)
(^o^)
laughing or excited
(10)
^^
happy or smiles
(11)
^-^
happy or smiles
(12)
^__^
happy or smiles
(13)
^^
happy or smiles
(14)
crying
(15)
>_<
angry
(16)
>.<
angry
UNIT 10 ?
351
Task 10: Reading

1. Read the following text from beginning to end without stopping, even if
you come across vocabulary that you dont know. Try to guess the meaning
through the context.
2. If you still have words that you dont know after you have tried guessing
from the context, ask your classmates. You will probably be able to
understand most of the new vocabulary using this method.
3. Ask your teacher about any remaining unknown vocabulary.
.
87 , .
2 .
.
.
, . ^-^
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. !
352
UNIT 10 ?
Vocabulary

[ self introduction] self-introduction
my
[ name+(topic particle)] name
am/are/is (formal style version of +/)
87
[87 year born] born in 87
[ 22 (age)] twenty two years old
2nd year in school/uni
[ uni+(location particle)] in university
[ economics+ and] economics and
[ Korean language+(object particle)] Korean
[ major in(present tense form)]
[ parents+(honorific suffix)+ and] parents and
[ younger sister+(subject particle)]

younger sister
[ two (people counting noun)] two people
[ have+(present tense ending)] has/have
[ younger sister+(plural suffix)+(topic

particle)]
[ senior high school student+ am/are/is

+(connector for adding extra information)]
are senior high school students
very
[ cute+(present tense ending)] are cute
[ hobby+(topic particle)] hobby
[ Australia football] Australian football
UNIT 10 ?
353
[ Sunday+(time particle)] on Sundays
[ friend+(plural suffix)+ with] with friends
together
[ football+(object particle)] football
[ do(present tense form)] do/does
[ rice with vegetables and meat+ and]

bibimbap and
[ spicy rice cake stew +(object particle)]

tteokbokki
[ like(present tense form)] like
so; therefore
[ restaurant+(to)] to restaurants
often
[ go+(present tense ending)] go
[ sea+(object particle)] sea
sometimes; occasionally
[ sea+ on] on the sea
[ water skiing+(object particle)]

water skiing
[ evening+ in+(topic particle)] in the evenings
[ caf+ at] at a caf
[ do casual work
(present tense form)] do/does casual work
[ tired(present tense form)]

am/are/is tired
but
money
[ need] need
354
UNIT 10 ?
TRANSCRIPT
OF
LISTENING
TASKS
356
Unit 1, Task 3
Unit 1, Task 6
(Dialogue) 1
(Dialogue) 1:
Seonyeong: ,
Thomas: ,
.
Thomas: , .
.
Sumi:
,
.
(Dialogue) 2
Susan:
(Thomas: L; Sumi S)
Yeongjin: , .
(Dialogue) 2
Susan:
Yeongjin: ,
Yeongjin : .
.
Susan: , .
(Dialogue) 3
(Yeongjin: S; Susan: L)
Paul: .
Sumi: .
.
Paul: .
.
Sumi: .
(Dialogue) 4
Minseop: .
.
Amanda: ,
.
Minseop: .
(Dialogue) 3
Paul: ,
.
Teacher: , .
(Paul: L; Teacher: S)
(Dialogue) 4
Minseop: ,
.
Amanda: ,
.
(Minseop: L; Amanda: L)
357
Unit 2, Task 2
Unit 2, Task 4
1.
2.
-, -, -, -,
3.
4.
-, -, -, -,
5.
6.
-, -, -, -,
7.
8.
-, -, -, -,
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Can you see a lighthouse?
15.
16.
Well done. If not, try again.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Unit 2, Task 5
-, -, -, -,
Unit 2, Task 2
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -
Can you see a whale? Well

done. If not, try again.
Can you see the sun wearing

sunglasses? Well done.
Unit 2, Task 3
If not, try again.
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -, -,
Unit 2, Task 7
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Can you see a yacht? Well

done. If not, try again.
358
7.
8.
(Dialogue) 2
9.
10.
: ?
11.
2: , .
12.
: , ?
13.
14. 15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
2: ,
.
: , ?
20. 21.
2: , .
22.
: , ?
2: , .
Unit 3, Task 5
: , ?
(Dialogue) 1
2: , .
: ?
: ,
1: , .
: , ?
?
2: , .
1: , .
: , ?
(Dialogue) 3
1: , .
: ?
: , ?
3: , .
1: ,
: , ?
3: , .
: , ?
: , ?
1: , .
3: , .
: ,
?
1: , .
.
: ,
?
3: , .
359
Unit 4, Task 3
(Dialogue) 1
: , .
: , .
?
: , .
?
: .
?
: .
: .
: .
.
Unit 5, Task 2
(Dialogue) 1
A : ?
(Dialogue) 2
B : .
: , .
: , .
?
: .
(Dialogue) 2
A : ?
B : .
: .
.
(Dialogue) 3
A : ?
(Dialogue) 3
B : .
: , .
: , .
.
: ?
(Dialogue) 4
A : ?
B : .
: .
?
: .
(Dialogue) 5
A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 4
: , .
(Dialogue) 6
360
A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 7
A : ?

1.A : ?
B : .
2.A : ?
B : .
B : .
3.A : ?
(Dialogue) 8
B : .
A : ?
B : .
4.A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 9
A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 10
A : ?
5.A : ?
B : .
6.A : ?
B : .
B : .
7.A : ?
(Dialogue) 11
B : .
A : ?
B : .
8.A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 12
A : ?
B : .
Unit 6, Task 1
9.A : ?
B : .
10.A : ?
361

B : .
: , , .
11.A : ?
B : .
: ?
: , .
: ?
: , .
12.A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 4
: , .
Unit 6, Task 9
: , .
(Dialogue) 1
: ?
: ?
: , .
?
: , .
: ?
: , .
: ?
: , .
Unit 6, Task 11
: ?
(Dialogue) 1
: , .
: , .
: , .
(Dialogue) 2
: ?
: , .
: , .
: , , .
: ,
: ?
: , .
?
: , .
: ?
: , .
(Dialogue) 2
: , .
(Dialogue) 3
: , .
: , , .
: ?
362
: , .
: ,
?
(Dialogue) 2
I.O. : ?
2: .
: , .
(Dialogue) 3
(Dialogue) 3
: , .
I.O. : ?
3: .
: , , .
: ?
: ,
: ,
(Dialogue) 4
I.O. : ?
4: .
?
: , .
(Dialogue) 5
I.O. :
(Dialogue) 4
5: .
: , .
: , .
(Dialogue) 6
: ?
I.O. :
: , .
6: .
: ,
?
: , .
Unit 7, Task 2, Part 2

(Dialogue) 1
I.O. : ?
Unit 7, Task 2, Part 1

(Dialogue) 1
I.O. : ?
(Immigration Officer)
1: .
1: .
I.O : ?
1: .
363

(Dialogue) 2
I.O. : ?
I.O : ?
6: .
2: .
I.O : ?
Unit 7, Task 4
2: .
(Dialogue) 1
: ?
(Dialogue) 3
I.O. : ?
3: .
detective
:
.
I.O : ?
: ?
3: .
:
.
(Dialogue) 4
I.O. : ?
4: .
: ?
:
.
I.O : ?
: ?
4: .
:
.
(Dialogue) 5
I.O. : ?
5: .
: ?
:
.
I.O :
?
5: .
(Dialogue) 2
: ?
:
(Dialogue) 6
I.O. :
6: .
.
: ?
:
364

.
: ?
:
.
: ?
:
.
: ?
:
.
(Dialogue) 4
: ?
: .
: ?
:

.
: ?
:
(Dialogue) 3
: ?
: .
: ?
: ?
.
: ?
:

.
: ?
:
: ?
:

.
: ?
:
.

.
: ?
:
Unit 8, Task 3
1. A : ?
B : , .
2. A : ?
365

B : , .
16. A : ?
3. A : ?
B : , .
B : , .
17. A : ?
4. A : ?
B : , .
B : , .
5. A : ?
B : , .
6. A : ?
18. A : ?
B : , .
19. A : ?
B : , .
B : , .
20. A : ?
7. A : ?
B : , .
B : , .
8. A : ?
Unit 8, Task 8
B : , .
(Dialogue) 1
9. A : ?
B : , .
10. A : ?
B : , .
11. A : ?
B : , .
12. A : ?
B : , .
( ; in a fruit shop)
: .
: ?
: , .
: ?
: , .
: ,
.
13. A : ?
B : , .
14. A : ?
B : , .
15. A : ?
B : , .
(Dialogue) 2
(;
in a small supermarket)
: .
: ?
366
: , .
17.
18.
: ?
20.
19.
: , .
.
: ,
Unit 8, Task 11
1.
2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
(Dialogue) 3
( ;
Unit 8, Task 14
in a bottle shop)
(Dialogue) 1
: .
: .
: ?
: .
: , .
: ?
(Dialogue) 2
: , .
: .
: ,
.
(Dialogue) 3
: .
Unit 8, Task 10
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
?
:
.
10.
Unit 9, Task 1
11.
12.
14. 15.
13.
1.
2.
3.
16.
4.
5.
6.
367

7.
8.
10.
11.
9.
:
.
: .
12.
13.
14.
: ?
15.
16.
17.
: .
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
(Dialogue) 2
: .
Unit 9, Task 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
: .
7.
8.
9.
: ?
10.
: .
Unit 9, Task 3
(Dialogue) 3
1.
2.
3.
: .
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
.
: .
11.
12.
13.
: ?
14.
15.
16.
: .
17.
18.
19.
20.
(Dialogue) 4
: .
Unit 9, Task 6
(Dialogue) 1
: .
368
: .
: ?
9.A : ?
B : .
: .
10.A : ?
Unit 9, Task 8
B : .
1. A : ?
B : .
11.A : ?
B : .
2.A : ?
B : .
12.A : ?
B : .
3.A : ?
B : .
Unit 9, Task 13
1. : ?
4.A : ?
1 : .
B : .
2. : ?
5.A : ?
2 : .
B : .
3. : ?
6.A : ?
B : .
3 : .
: ,
?
7.A : ?
3 : .
B : .
4. : ?
8.A : ?
B : .
4 : .
: ?
369

4 :
B : .
.
: , .
.
Unit 10, Task 7

1. A : ?
9. A : ?
B : .
10. A : ?
B : .
B : .
11. A : ?
2. A : ?
B : .
B : .
12. A : ?
3. A : ?
B : .
B : .
Unit 10, Task 8

4. A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 1
A : ?
B : .
5. A : ?
B : .
A : ----.

?
6. A : ?
B : .
7. A : ?
B : .
B :
.
(Dialogue) 2
A : ?
B : .
8. A : ?
A : ----.
370

?
B :

?
B :
.
.
The last form is for you. The
(Dialogue) 3
A : ?
B : .
A : ----.

?
B :
.
clerk will ask you your name

and birthdate. Tell them to her
and write them down on the
form.
(Dialogue) 6
A : ?
B : _________________.
A :
?
(Dialogue) 4
A : ?
B : _______
_______ ______.
B : .
A : ----.

?
B :
.
Unit 10, Task 9

1. :
?
: .
: ?
: .
(Dialogue) 5
A : ?
: ?
: .
B : .
A : ----.

2. : ,

?
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
3. : ,
?
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
4. : ,
?
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
371
372
APPENDIX
374
APPENDIX
Notes for Verb and Adjective Tables

An asterisk (*) following a word in the table is used to indicate an exception
to the conjugation rule. For example, is the Honorific form of eat
(not ).
Where headings do not distinguish between a question or statement form,
the same form is used for both.
An x indicates that the conjugation for that cell is not applicable. For
example, there is no formal Honorific form of (cheap), ,
because the subject of the sentence would not be a human being and
therefore we cannot use an honorific form.
A q following a word in the table is used to indicate that the form given
only applies to questions. For example, ? can only be used to
say Do you find it delicious? and not That food is delicious, because the
subject of the sentence is not a human being and therefore we cannot use an
honorific form.
The Korean words for handsome, old (human being), old (things), thin
(people) and ugly are often used with , so this has been added to the
stems of each (stem+):
APPENDIX
375
For certain perception words such (interesting) and (tired),

the Honorific statement form(+) cannot be used for third persons.
Therefore, this form has been omitted from the tables, where the +/
form can be used as the alternative.
(hate; dislike) is listed under the title of adjectives since it is an adjective
in Korean and does not follow the same conjugation rules as a verb.
Instead of dictionary form, the verb or adjective stem has been provided in
the following appendices. Therefore, you will need to add to the stem to
look up a particular word in the dictionary. For example, would appear
under .
376
APPENDIX
Special Conjugation Rules of Verb & Adjective
rule
When the stem ends in , the is removed when the next

syllable starts with a vowel. For example, (build) becomes
( build) and (if you build).
Rule

syllable starts with a vowel . For example, becomes
(listen).
rule

syllable starts with , , , , or . For example, (long)
becomes (is long) and (because its long).
rule
When the stem ends in , the changes into before +

and before +. For example, becomes (help)
and becomes (beautiful).
rule
When the stem ends in , the is deleted when the next

syllable starts with a vowel. For example, (big)
becomes (is big) and (sick) becomes (is sick).
rule
When forming the +/ form of stems that end in , is

deleted and +/ are added to the stem. For example
becomes (cut) and becomes (sing).
rule
For stems ending in , can be found instead of in

some formal writing.
APPENDIX
rule
377
When the adjective stem ends in , the is deleted when the

next syllable starts with or . For example,
becomes (ifis blue).
The following rules are less common:
rule
When forming the +/ form of (go) to give a
rule
When forming the +/ form of (come) to give a
rule
When forming the + or + form of some stems such as
command, is used.
command, is used.
and , + and + are used instead. For example,

(reach so that); (is blue so that).
rule
When forming the + or + form of some stems such as

, is deleted. For example (scoop up and).
378
APPENDIX
Appendix 1: Copular be
Present Tense (is and are)
be
be not
Casual
Question
Casual
Question
Casual
Polite
Honorific
+?
+?
+?
+?
Past Tense (was and were)
be
be not
Casual
Question
Casual
Question
Casual
Polite
Honorific
+?
+?
+?
+?
Future Tense (will be)
be
be not
Casual
Question
Casual
Question
Casual
Polite
Honorific
(+ )
(+ )
With +() ending
be
be not
Present
Past
Future (Suppostition)
(+())
+()
(+ ())
+()
+()
+ ()
()
()
379
APPENDIX
be
be not
be
be not
be
be not
Formal
Statement
Formal
Statement
Honorific
Formal
Question
Formal
Question
Honorific
(+)
(+?)
+?
+?
+?
Formal
Statement
Formal
Statement
Honorific
Formal
Question
Formal
Question
Honorific
+?
+?
+?
+?
Formal
Statement
Formal
Statement
Honorific
Formal
Question
Formal
Question
Honorific
(+ )
With + ending
be
be not
Present
Past
Future (Suppostition)
(+ )
380
APPENDIX
Appendix 2: Verb Present Tense Endings

Stem
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
+()
ask
()
build
()
buy
()
call
()
choose
()
clean
()
come
()
cook
()
()
dance
()
()
do
()
draw
()
drink
()
eat
()
give
()
go
()
go regularly
()
help
()
leave
()
listen
()
live
()
marry
()
meet
()
order
()
381
APPENDIX
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
Formal Statement
382
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
Question
+?
Polite
Honorific
+/
+()
play
()
quit (job)
()
quit (smoking)
()
read
()
rest
()
sing
()
sit down
()
sleep
()
smoke
()
speak
()
stand up
()
start
()
study
()
swim
()
take (vehicle)
()
talk
()
wait
()
walk
()
watch
()
wear
()
wear (shoes)
()
work
()
write
()
383
APPENDIX
Formal
Statement
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
Formal Question
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
384
APPENDIX
Appendix 3: Verb Past Tense Endings

Stem
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
+()
ask
()
build
()
buy
()
call
()
choose
()
clean
()
come
()
cook
()
()
dance
()
()
do
()
draw
()
drink
()
eat
()
give
()
go
()
go regularly
()
help
()
leave
()
listen
()
live
()
marry
()
meet
()
order
()
385
APPENDIX
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
Formal Statement
386
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
+()
play
()
quit (job)
()
(smoking)
()
read
()
rest
()
sing
()
sit down
()
sleep
()
smoke
()
speak
()
stand up
()
start
()
study
()
swim
()
take (vehicle)
()
talk
()
wait
()
walk
()
watch
()
wear
()
wear (shoes)
()
work
()
write
()
quit
387
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
388
APPENDIX
Appendix 4: Verb Future Tense Endings

Stem
Casual
Polite
Honorific
+()
+()
+()
ask
build
buy
call
choose
clean
come
cook
()
dance
()
do
draw
drink
eat
give
go
go regularly
help
leave
listen
live
marry
meet
order
389
APPENDIX
Formal Question
+()
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+() ?
Formal Question
Honorific
+() ?
Formal Statement
390
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Polite
Honorific
+()
+()
+()
play
quit (job)
quit (smoking)
read
rest
sing
sit down
sleep
smoke
speak
stand up
start
study
swim
take (vehicle)
talk
wait
walk
watch
wear
wear (shoes)
work
write
391
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+()
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+() ?
Formal Question
Honorific
+() ?
392
APPENDIX
Appendix 5: Verb with +()()?; +()(),

Stem
+()() ?
I want to /
Do you want to?
+()()
Shall we?
ask
()
()
build
()
()
buy
()
()
call
()
()
choose
()
()
clean
()
()
come
()
()
cook
()
()
()
dance
()
()
()
do
()
()
draw
()
()
drink
()
()
eat
()
()
give
()
()
go
()
()
go regularly
()
()
help
()
()
leave
()
()
listen
()
()
live
()
()
marry
()
()
meet
()
()
order
()
()
393
APPENDIX
+()()?; +()?; +()(),+

Would you like to?
(Honorific)
+()?
Would you like to?

(Honorific Formal)
+()?
I will
+()()
I will
(Very Polite Formal)
+
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
394
APPENDIX
Stem
Shall we?
+()() ?
I want to /
Do you want to?
+()()
play
()
()
quit (job)
()
()
quit (smoking)
()
()
read
()
()
rest
()
()
sing
()
()
sit down
()
()
sleep
()
()
smoke
()
()
speak
()
()
stand up
()
()
start
()
()
study
()
()
swim
()
()
take (vehicle)
()
()
talk
()
()
wait
()
()
walk
()
()
watch
()
()
wear
()
()
wear (shoes)
()
()
work
()
()
write
()
()
395
APPENDIX
Would you like to?
(Honorific)
+()?
Would you like to?

(Honorific Formal)
+()?
I will
+()()
I will
(Very Polite Formal)
+
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
396
APPENDIX
Appendix 6: Verbs with +; +

Stem
Lets
+
and
+
ask
build
buy
call
choose
clean
come
cook
()
dance
()
do
draw
drink
eat
give
go
go regularly
help
leave
listen
live
marry
meet
order
397
APPENDIX
Stem
Lets
+
and
+
play
quit (job)
quit (smoking)
read
rest
sing
sit down
sleep
smoke
speak
stand up
start
study
swim
take (vehicle)
talk
wait
walk
watch
wear
wear (shoes)
work
write
398
APPENDIX
Appendix 7: Verbs with +(),+/()

Stem
and / but
(present)
+()
and / but
(past)
+/()
and / but
(future)
+() ()
ask
()
()
()
build
()
()
()
buy
()
()
()
call
()
()
()
choose
()
()
()
clean
()
()
()
come
()
()
()
cook
()
()
()
()
dance
()
()
()
()
do
()
()
()
draw
()
()
()
drink
()
()
()
eat
()
()
()
give
()
()
()
go
()
()
()
go regularly
()
()
()
help
()
()
()
leave
()
()
()
listen
()
()
()
live
()
()
()
marry
()
()
()
meet
()
()
()
order
()
()
()
399
APPENDIX
& +() ()
Stem
and / but
(present)
+()
and / but
(past)
+/()
and / but
(future)
+() ()
play
()
()
()
quit (job)
()
()
()
quit (smoking)
()
()
()
read
()
()
()
rest
()
()
()
sing
()
()
()
sit down
()
()
()
sleep
()
()
()
smoke
()
()
()
speak
()
()
()
stand up
()
()
()
start
()
()
()
study
()
()
()
swim
()
()
()
take (vehicle)
()
()
()
talk
()
()
()
wait
()
()
()
walk
()
()
()
watch
()
()
()
wear
()
()
()
wear (shoes)
()
()
()
work
()
()
()
write
()
()
()
400
APPENDIX
Appendix 8: Verbs with +(),+/()

Stem
Its because
(present)
+()
Its because
(past)
+/()
Its because
(future)
+() ()
ask
()
()
()
build
()
()
()
buy
()
()
()
call
()
()
()
choose
()
()
()
clean
()
()
()
come
()
()
()
cook
()
()
()
()
dance
()
()
()
()
do
()
()
()
draw
()
()
()
drink
()
()
()
eat
()
()
()
give
()
()
()
go
()
()
()
go regularly
()
()
()
help
()
()
()
leave
()
()
()
listen
()
()
()
live
()
()
()
marry
()
()
()
meet
()
()
()
order
()
()
()
401
APPENDIX
&+() ()
Stem
Its because
(present)
+()
Its because
(past)
+/()
Its because
(future)
+()
play
()
()
()
quit (job)
()
()
()
quit (smoking)
()
()
()
read
()
()
()
rest
()
()
()
sing
()
()
()
sit down
()
()
()
sleep
()
()
()
smoke
()
()
()
speak
()
()
()
stand up
()
()
()
start
()
()
()
study
()
()
()
swim
()
()
()
take (vehicle)
()
()
()
talk
()
()
()
wait
()
()
()
walk
()
()
()
watch
()
()
()
wear
()
()
()
wear (shoes)
()
()
()
work
()
()
()
write
()
()
()
402
APPENDIX
Appendix 9: Casual Verb Endings+/,+/,

Stem
Present
+/
Past
+/
Future
+()
ask
build
buy
call
choose
clean
come
cook
()
dance
()
do
draw
drink
eat
give
go
go regularly
help
leave
listen
live
marry
meet
order
403
APPENDIX
+() ; +(); +(); +()

Shall we?
+()?
I want to
+()
I will
+()
404
APPENDIX
Stem
Present
+/
Past
+/
Future
+()
play
quit (job)
quit (smoking)
read
rest
sing
sit down
sleep
smoke
speak
stand up
start
study
swim
take (vehicle)
talk
wait
walk
watch
wear
wear (shoes)
work
write
405
APPENDIX
Shall we?
+()?
I want to
+()
I will
+()
406
APPENDIX
Appendix 10: Adjective Present Tense Endings

Stem
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
afraid
()
bad
()
beautiful
()
big
()
boring
()
bright
()
busy
()
cheap
()
clean
()
close
()
cloudy
()
cold(thing)
()
cold
()
complicated
()
cool
()
cute
()
dangerous
()
dark
()
deep
()
delicious
()
+()
407
APPENDIX
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
Formal Statement
408
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
difficult
()
diligent
()
dirty
()
easy
()
expensive
()
far
()
fat
()
fine(weather)
()
fun
()
good
()
handsome
()
happy
()
happy
()
hate/dislike
()
heavy
()
high
()
hot
()
hot (spicy)
()
hot
()
()
+()
(enjoyable)
(temperature)
interesting
(fun )
409
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
410
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
()
kind
()
lazy
()
light
()
long
()
low
()
narrow
()
noisy
()
numerous
()
old (people)
()
old (thing)
()
pretty
()
quick
()
quiet
()
sad
()
salty
()
shallow
()
short
()
sick
()
slim
()
interesting
+()
(attention)
411
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
412
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
slow
()
small
()
small
()
smart
()
strong
()
tall
()
tasteless
()
thick
()
thin (people)
()
thin (thing)
()
thirsty
()
tired
()
ugly
()
warm
()
weak
()
wide
()
young
()
+()
(quantity)
413
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
414
APPENDIX
Appendix 11: Adjective Past Tense Endings

Stem
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
afraid
()
bad
()
beautiful
()
big
()
boring
()
bright
()
busy
()
cheap
()
clean
()
close
()
cloudy
()
cold (thing)
()
cold
()
complicated
()
cool
()
cute
()
dangerous
()
dark
()
deep
()
delicious
()
+()
415
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
416
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
difficult
()
diligent
()
dirty
()
easy
()
expensive
()
far
()
fat
()
fine
(weather)
fun
(enjoyable)
good
()
()
()
handsome
()
happy
()
()
happy
hate/dislike
()
heavy
()
high
()
hot
()
hot (spicy)
()
hot
(temperature)
interesting
(fun )
()
()
+()
417
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
418
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
()
kind
()
lazy
()
light
()
long
()
low
()
narrow
()
noisy
()
numerous
()
old (people)
()
old (thing)
()
pretty
()
quick
()
quiet
()
sad
()
salty
()
shallow
()
short
()
sick
()
slim
()
interesting
+()
(attention)
419
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
420
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
slow
()
small
()
small
()
smart
()
strong
()
tall
()
tasteless
()
thick
()
thin
()
thin (thing)
()
thirsty
()
tired
()
ugly
()
warm
()
weak
()
wide
()
young
()
+()
(quantity)
(people)
421
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
422
APPENDIX
Appendix 12: Adjective Future Tense Endings

Stem
Supposition
Casual
+()
Supposition
Polite
+()
afraid
bad
beautiful
big
boring
bright
busy
cheap
clean
close
cloudy
cold(thing)
cold
complicated
cool
cute
dangerous
dark
deep
delicious
423
APPENDIX
Supposition
Honorific
+()
Supposition
Polite Formal
+()
Supposition
Honorific Formal
+()
424
APPENDIX
Stem
Supposition
Casual
+()
Supposition
Polite
+()
difficult
diligent
dirty
easy
expensive
far
fat
fine(weather)
fun (enjoyable)
good
handsome
happy
happy
hate/dislike
heavy
high
hot
hot (spicy)
hot (temperature)
interesting (fun )
425
APPENDIX
Supposition
Honorific
+()
Supposition
Polite Formal
+()
Supposition
Honorific Formal
+()
426
APPENDIX
Stem
Supposition
Casual
+()
Supposition
Polite
+()
kind
lazy
light
long
low
narrow
noisy
numerous
old (people)
(future)
+ (supposition)
old (thing)
(future)
+ (supposition)
pretty
quick
quiet
sad
salty
shallow
short
sick
slim
interesting
(attention)
427
APPENDIX
Supposition
Honorific
+()
Supposition
Polite Formal
+()
Supposition
Honorific Formal
+()
/
*
428
APPENDIX
Stem
Supposition
Casual
+()
Supposition
Polite
+()
slow
small
small (quantity)
smart
strong
tall
tasteless
thick
thin(people)
thin(thing)
thirsty
tired
ugly
warm
weak
wide
young
429
APPENDIX
Supposition
Honorific
+()
Supposition
Polite Formal
+()
Supposition
Honorific Formal
+()
430
APPENDIX
Appendix 13: Adjectives with +; +()

Stem
and
+
Exclamation
+()
afraid
()
bad
()
beautiful
()
big
()
boring
()
bright
()
busy
()
cheap
()
clean
()
close
()
cloudy
()
cold(thing)
()
cold
()
complicated
()
cool
()
cute
()
dangerous
()
dark
()
deep
()
delicious
()
431
APPENDIX
Stem
and
+
Exclamation
+()
difficult
()
diligent
()
dirty
()
easy
()
expensive
()
far
()
fat
()
fine(weather)
()
fun (enjoyable)
()
good
()
handsome
()
happy
()
happy
()
hate/dislike
()
heavy
()
high
()
hot
()
hot (spicy)
()
hot (temperature)
()
interesting (fun )
()
432
APPENDIX
Stem
and
+
Exclamation
()
kind
()
lazy
()
light
()
long
()
low
()
narrow
()
noisy
()
numerous
()
old (people)
()
old (thing)
()
pretty
()
quick
()
quiet
()
sad
()
salty
()
shallow
()
short
()
sick
()
slim
()
interesting
+()
(attention)
433
APPENDIX
Stem
and
+
Exclamation
+()
slow
()
small
()
small (quantity)
()
smart
()
strong
()
tall
()
tasteless
()
thick
()
thin(people)
()
thin(thing)
()
thirsty
()
tired
()
ugly
()
warm
()
weak
()
wide
()
young
()
434
APPENDIX
Appendix 14: Adjectives with +()(),

Stem
and / but
(present)
+()()
and / but
(past)
+/()
and / but
(future)
+() ()
afraid
()
()
()
bad
()
()
()
beautiful
()
()
()
big
()
()
()
boring
()
()
()
bright
()
()
()
busy
()
()
()
cheap
()
()
()
clean
()
()
()
close
()
()
()
cloudy
()
()
()
cold(thing)
()
()
()
cold
()
()
()
complicated
()
()
()
cool
()
()
()
cute
()
()
()
dangerous
()
()
()
dark
()
()
()
deep
()
()
()
delicious
()
()
()
435
APPENDIX
+() & +() ()

Stem
and / but
(present)
+()()
and / but
(past)
+/()
and / but
(future)
+() ()
difficult
()
()
()
diligent
()
()
()
dirty
()
()
()
easy
()
()
()
expensive
()
()
()
far
()
()
()
fat
()
()
()
fine(weather)
()
()
()
fun (enjoyable)
()
()
()
good
()
()
()
handsome
()
()
()
happy
()
()
()
happy
()
()
()
hate/dislike
()
()
()
heavy
()
()
()
high
()
()
()
hot
()
()
()
hot (spicy)
()
()
()
hot (temperature)
()
()
()
interesting (fun )
()
()
()
436
APPENDIX
Stem
and / but
(present)
+()()
and / but
(past)
+/()
and / but
(future)
+() ()
()
()
()
kind
()
()
()
lazy
()
()
()
light
()
()
()
long
()
()
()
low
()
()
()
narrow
()
()
()
noisy
()
()
()
numerous
()
()
()
old (people)
()
()
()/
interesting
(attention)
()
old (thing)
()
()
()
()
pretty
()
()
()
quick
()
()
()
quiet
()
()
()
sad
()
()
()
salty
()
()
()
shallow
()
()
()
short
()
()
()
sick
()
()
()
slim
()
()
()
437
APPENDIX
Stem
and / but
(present)
+()()
and / but
(past)
+/()
and / but
(future)
+() ()
slow
()
()
()
small
()
()
()
small (quantity)
()
()
()
smart
()
()
()
strong
()
()
()
tall
()
()
()
tasteless
()
()
()
thick
()
()
()
thin(people)
()
()
()
thin(thing)
()
()
()
thirsty
()
()
()
tired
()
()
()
ugly
()
()
()
warm
()
()
()
weak
()
()
()
wide
()
()
()
young
()
()
()
438
APPENDIX
Appendix 15: Adjectives with +(),

Stem
Its because
(present)
+().
Its because
(past)
+/()
Its because
(future)
+() ()
afraid
()
()
()
bad
()
()
()
beautiful
()
()
()
big
()
()
()
boring
()
()
()
bright
()
()
()
busy
()
()
()
cheap
()
()
()
clean
()
()
()
close
()
()
()
cloudy
()
()
()
cold(thing)
()
()
()
cold
()
()
()
complicated
()
()
()
cool
()
()
()
cute
()
()
()
dangerous
()
()
()
dark
()
()
()
deep
()
()
()
delicious
()
()
()
439
APPENDIX
+/() & +() ()

Stem
Its because
(present)
+().
Its because
(past)
+/()
Its because
(future)
+() ()
difficult
()
()
()
diligent
()
()
()
dirty
()
()
()
easy
()
()
()
expensive
()
()
()
far
()
()
()
fat
()
()
()
fine(weather)
()
()
()
fun (enjoyable)
()
()
()
good
()
()
()
handsome
()
()
()
happy
()
()
()
happy
()
()
()
hate/dislike
()
()
()
heavy
()
()
()
high
()
()
()
hot
()
()
()
hot (spicy)
()
()
()
hot
()
()
()
()
()
()
(temperature)
interesting (fun )
440
APPENDIX
Stem
Its because
(present)
+().
Its because
(past)
+/()
Its because
(future)
+() ()
()
()
()
kind
()
()
()
lazy
()
()
()
light
()
()
()
long
()
()
()
low
()
()
()
narrow
()
()
()
noisy
()
()
()
numerous
()
()
()
old (people)
()()
()
()/
()
old (thing)
()()
()
()
()
pretty
()
()
()
quick
()
()
()
quiet
()
()
()
sad
()
()
()
salty
()
()
()
shallow
()
()
()
short
()
()
()
sick
()
()
()
slim
()
()
()
interesting
(attention)
441
APPENDIX
Stem
Its because
Its because
Its because
(present)
(past)
(future)
+().
+/()
+() ()
slow
()
()
()
small
()
()
()
small (quantity)
()
()
()
smart
()
()
()
strong
()
()
()
tall
()
()
()
tasteless
()
()
()
thick
()
()
()
thin(people)
()
()
()
thin(thing)
()
()
()
thirsty
()
()
()
tired
()
()
()
ugly
()
()
()
warm
()
()
()
weak
()
()
()
wide
()
()
()
young
()
()
()
442
APPENDIX
Appendix 16: Casual Adjective Endings

Stem
Present
+/
Past
+/
Future / Supposition
+()
afraid
bad
beautiful
big
boring
bright
busy
cheap
clean
close
cloudy
cold(thing)
cold
complicated
cool
cute
dangerous
dark
deep
delicious
443
APPENDIX
+/, +/, +()

Stem
Present
+/
Past
+/
+()
difficult
diligent
dirty
easy
expensive
far
fat
fine(weather)
fun (enjoyable)
good
handsome
happy
happy
hate/dislike
heavy
high
hot
hot (spicy)
hot (temperature)
interesting (fun )
444
APPENDIX
Stem
Present
+/
Past
+/
+()
interesting
(attention)
kind
lazy
light
long
low
narrow
noisy
numerous
old (people)
old (thing)
pretty
quick
quiet
sad
salty
shallow
short
sick
slim
445
APPENDIX
Stem
Present
+/
Past
+/
+()
slow
small
small
smart
strong
tall
thick
thin(people)
thin(thing)
thirsty
tired
tasteless
ugly
warm
weak
wide
young
(quantity)
446
APPENDIX
Appendix 17: Particles and Suffixes

+/
Topic Particles
(after nouns, pronouns)
Subject Particles
Object Particles
(honorific)
+/
+
(honorific)
+/

+/
Direction Particles
to (a person)
(with people)
(honorific)
+()/()
.
Source Particles
from (a person)
.
Destination Particle
to (a location)
.
Dictection Particle
+ ()
to, towards
.
Location Particle
in; at; on
.
Location Particle
in; at; on
(with action verb)
Time Particle
In; at; on
.
Rate and Ratio Particle
per
2000 .
Instrument Particle
+ ()
by means of
.
...+
Possessive
's
Particle
Delimiter Particles
from ... to (distance)

Delimiter Particles
from ... to (time)

Delimiter Particle
only
10
+ (with negative)
Delimiter Particle
only; no more than

10 .
447
APPENDIX
+
Delimiter Particle
each, every, all

Emphasis Particle
also, too

+ (+)
Combined Emphasis
+ (+)
Particles
+ (+)
+
Plural Suffix
students
Conjunction Particles
and
+/
(between nouns)

with
+()

+ ()
Conjunction Particles
or
(between nouns)
Comparision Particle
rather than, compared with

Reasons
because of

448
APPENDIX
Appendix 18:
Korean Editing Symbols & Handwriting Sheet
Korean Editing Symbols
Symbols
or
or
Meaning
Example
Add a space
or
Delete a space
or
Delete
or
Insert
or
Replace
or
Replace
Change word
order
Cannot
understand
or
Surname:
Given Names:
page
of
240 blocks
Korean Keyboard Layout

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My Korean1 2nd Ed

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My

First edition: August 2009

+ye-yo/i-e-yo am; are; is

Addressing People at the Office: Titles

Addressing Peers at School: seonbae and hubae

Addressing Unknown People at the Shops

Greetings, Thanks and Other Expressions

Hangeul (Korean Alphabet)

The Pure Vowel

Other Pure Vowels ()

Pronouncing Final Consonants

24 Basic Consonants and Vowels (Table)

Expanded Consonants and Vowels (Table)

Saying Yes and No

Negative Question Usage

Spaces Between Words

Coming & Going: , ,

Verb (Doing Words) and their Endings

+/, +/, +()

Verb Table: Present Tense Endings

Casual Question Verb Endings +/?

Vocabulary: Time Words

Asking Opinions ()?

Adjective (Describing Words) and Their Endings

+/, +/, +()

Adjective Table: Present Tense Endings

Vocabulary: Transitional Words

Spaces Between Words Revisited

: Which..?; What kind of ..?; What..?

Vocabulary: Question Words

Vocabulary: Study Words

Telling the Time: # oclock

: How many..?; What..?; How (old)..?

Suggestions 2: +()? Shall we?

Talking about past events

Verb and Adjectives: Past Tense Endings

can not or did not because of inability -

and + and; and then

Three ands: +, + and

Asking for Something in a Shop

+() I want; I will

Restaurant Related Expressions

Pure Korean Numbers

Noun +, +(), +/ and

Telling the Time: # minutes

Rate and Ratio Particle + per

Delimiter Particle + only

(this), (that) , (that over there) and (which)

Vocabulary: Colour Terms

Vocabulary: Consumer Items

Expressing Your Age

Addressing Peers at School:

Education System in Korea

Vocabulary: Faculties and Departments

Honorific Subject and Topic Particles

/ ? Would you mind telling me ?

Sending a Text Message

TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS

Special Conjugation Rules of Verb and Adjective

Appendix 2: Verb Present Tense Endings

Appendix 3: Verb Past Tense Endings

Appendix 4: Verb Future Tense Endings

Appendix 5: Verbs with

+()()?; +()(), +()()?,