i The Ego and the Super-Ego (Ego Ideal) 1 the ego were merely the pat ofthe i modi bythe faces of te perceptual tem, the representative in the tind ofthe rel eteal worl we shud hve a simple Sato hing to dl with Bot here further compli 7 “the considerations that led us to assume the existence of a gad the aoa diferebaton within he eg, which yb cle the goes osprey, hve ben stated were Th tl ol gad The fact that hs pat of the eo law Srl conected th conciousness the nowy which els for explanation {Gee op. seam Fn i 5 nd {GF ont ad op Poca onde Af Eo 30) Sot Se nag pi wd me oe Bee Pi Seattle eo ee nrg son cee Dima ROTA ode ik neki pct es aire areas eek dees oe retire ay Se cntenaees Sae CREME Tat han i et israad la eee ten’ Caos he ted oe a , ‘The Ego and the fd a At this point we must widen our range a litle. We sue- ceeded in explning the painful disorder of melancholia by ‘supposing that fin those suffering from it an object which was lst has been st up again inside the go—that that an objectcathers has been replaced by an identification ‘At that time, however, we did not appreciate the full ig- nificance ofthis proces and didnot know how common and how typical it Since then we have come to understand that this kindof substitution has a great share in determin ing the Form taken by the ego and that it makes an essential contribution towards building up what is called its ‘charac. ter At the very beginning, inthe individual's primitive ora phase, object-cathexis and identification are no doubt indi. tinguishable from each other.® We can only suppose that later on objectcathexes proceed from the id, which Feels ‘rote trends as needs. The ego, which to begin with i sil Feeble, becomes awate of the abjctcathexes, and either ‘squieses in them or resto fend them off by the process of repression When it happens that person has to give up a semua object, there quite often ensues an alteration of his ego Morin ed Mele’ (10172) [Sond Ed, 4, x ‘Some mf tte sagen wich Fen! a Sed charac {erfrmatin wb ows an Eto tet he he ap ahead oa ata (nob Sed a9 IOI Chip Vitot Grup Potty inee) SP 8.1587 637] ‘oti paral totherepaement fob ch hy Het tonto be ound nthe bl of rite ple and the fons Na pen tat heater of sno fh ap pre "oarsmen pert at of he castro he wet Ne ‘els, ths belt nea he teens aed tree {etme th the ser fag theft el Joa fo Hal {Coin ICE Tate nd abo (83-19), Stndd Eds ny 8 48, ‘gery ete] The cnscgnences ned yb al ay be lhe donot low he ao the he sel eet ily24) SigmuND FREUD which can only be described asa vetting up of the object Inside the eg, ae occurs in melancholia; the exact nature ofthis substitution is as yet unknown tous. Te may be that thisinttoiection, which ia kind of regesion tothe mecha nism o the oral phase, the ego makes if easier forthe object tobe given up or renders that process possible It may be ‘that this identification isthe sole condition under which the id cam give upits objects. At any rate the process, especially in the early phazes of development, a very Frequent one, and it makes it posible to suppose that the character of the 40 isa precipitate of abandoned objects and that ‘Teontaine the history of those object-coies. It must, of ‘ours, be admitted from the outset that there are varying ‘degrees of capacity for resistance, which decide the extent towhich a person's character fends off or accepts the inf ences of the history of his erotic object-choices. In women ‘who have had many experiences in love there seems to be no difuly in nding vestiges of their object cathexes in the tate of their character, We must als take into consi ‘ration cases of simultaneous objet-athexis and identifica tion—cass, that i in-which the alteration in character ‘cecurs before the object has been given up. In such cases the alteration in character has been able to survive the object elation and in a certain sense to conserve it. From another point of view it may be said that this transformation ofan erotic abject