1

B CNG THNG
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM THNH PH
H CH MINH
KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM

Mn hc: Phng php nghin cu khoa hc

Tiu lun: PH GIA CHT BO QUN THC PHM

GVHD: inh Nguyn Trng Ngha
SVTH:

Nguyn Th Hong Oanh (2022110473)

Vng Th Hong Oanh

(2022110167)

Nguyn Ngc Thanh

(2022110201)

ng Th Dip

(2022110295)

inh Hng Trinh

(2022110354)

Hunh i Nhn

(2022110348)

Nguyn Th Ngc Trn

(2022110182)

TP. H Ch Minh 14/5/2013

Mc lc
I Khi nim

II Phn loi

1 Ph gia chng vi sinh vt

1.1 Khi nim ph gia chng vi sinh vt

1.2 C ch t c dng ca ph gia chng vi sinh vt

1.3 Cc lu khi s dng

1.4 Phn loi ph gia chng vi sinh vt

2. Ph gia chng oxy ha

14

2.1 Kha nim ph gia chng oxy ha

14

2.2 C ch tc dng ca ph gia chng oxy ha

2.2.1. S hnh thnh cc gc t do
2.2.2. S chng oxy ha
2.2.2.1. Hot ng qut gc t do DPPH
2.2.2.2. Hot ng kh ion Fe3+
2.2.2.3. Hot ng qut gc H2O2
2.2.2.4. Hot ng chuyn ion Fe2+
2.3 Phn loi
2.3.1 Cht chng oxy ha t nhin
2.3.2 Cht chng oxy ha tng hp
3. Ph gia chng sm mu
3.1 Khi nim ph gia chng sm mu

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14
15
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18

3.2 Phn loi ph gia chng sm mu

18

3.2.1 Cht mu t nhin

18

3.2.2 Cc cht mu hnh thnh trong qu trnh gia cng k thut

19

III. ch li v ri ro khi s dng ph gia cht bo qun thc phm

19

3.1 Thc trng

19

3.2 Li ch

21

3.3 Ri ro

21

3.4 Khc phc

23

I.KHI NIM
Cht ph gia thc phm l nhng cht, hp cht ha hc c a vo trong qu
trnh ng gi, ch bin, bo qun thc phm, lm tng cht lng thc phm hoc
bo ton cht lng thc phm m khng lm mt an ton
Cht bo qun thc phm: l mt loi ph gia thc phm, c ch ng thm
vo thc phm nhm mc ch bo qun thc phm trnh khi cc tc nhn gy h
hng thc phm nh cc tc nhn t vi sinh vt, t qu trnh oxy ha,...

II. PHN LOI

Ty theo nguyn nhn h hng thc phm chia lm 3 loi:
Ph gia chng vi sinh vt
Ph gia chng oxy ha
Ph gia chng sm mu

1. Ph gia chng vi sinh vt

1.1 Khi nim ph gia chng vi sinh vt
Ph gia chng vi sinh vt: l cc ch phm t nhin hay tng hp ha hc , c
s dng kim tra hay ngn nga s pht trin ca vi sinh vt ng vai tr lm
tng tnh an ton cho thc phm v lm tng bn ca thc phm trc vi sinh
vt. Cht chng vi sinh vt bao gm rt nhiu loi khc nhau, ty thuc vo cc
yu t nh tnh cht ha hc, hot tnh vi sinh vt, tnh cht ca thc phm...M ta
c th la chn cc loi cht chng vi sinh vt
Vic s dng loi ph gia ny ch ph bin trong thi gian gn y; mt trong
nhng nguyn nhn ca vic gia tng s dng loi ph gia ny l do s thay i
trong sn xut v tiu th cc sn phm thc phm. Ngy nay, ngi tiu dng

mong mun rng tt c cc loi thc phm u c quanh nm, khng b nhim c
v c thi hn s dng hp l. Do , ph gia chng vi sinh vt c vai tr quan
trng trong vic bo qun thc phm mc d c s ci tin trong h thng ng
gi v ch bin bo v thc phm m khng cn dng n ha cht.

1.2

C ch tc dng ca ph gia chng vi sinh vt

c ch hoc kh hot tnh ca enzyme, lm ngng cc phn ng trong qu
trnh trao i cht trong t bo vi sinh vt.
Lm gim hot tnh ca nc (Aw), to p sut thm thu a n t bo
sinh vt b mt nc v tiu nguyn sinh.
Hp thu v c nh mt s nguyn t kim loi, lm ri lon cc qu trnh
trao i cht trong t bo vi sinh vt.

1.3 Cc lu khi s dng

Phi hiu bit kh nng chng vi sinh vt ca cht c s dng cng vi
nhim bn ca sn phm thc phm dng ng ph gia cn thit.
Phi bit cc tnh cht l ha ca sn phm thc phm v ph gia chng vi
sinh vt. Cc yu t nh: pKa, ha tan ca ph gia v pH ca thc phm
s gip vic s dng ph gia t hiu qu cao nht.
Phi c lng c iu kin bo qun sn phm v s tc ng qua li
vi cc qu trnh khc bo m rng ph gia vn gi c chc nng ca
mnh trong sut thi gian bo qun.
Thc phm phi c cht lng tt ngay t u v khng c nhim qu
nhiu vi sinh vt.

1.4 Phn loi ph gia chng vi sinh vt

Nitrit (NO2)

NaNO2, KNO2

Nitrit c ng dng trong cng nghip ch bin tht.

Mc ch: gi mu cho tht mui mn, lm thuc st khun trong bo

qun c, tht v cc ch phm t c, tht (c, tht mui hoc p lnh).

Nitrit c tc dng chuyn hemoglobin thnh methemoglobin, gy hin

tng tm ti xm.
Khi n phi thc n cha nhiu nitrit c th gy ng c

Liu lng s dng Nitrit:

- Khng hn ch 0 - 0,4 mg/kg th trng.
- C iu kin 0,4 - 0,8 mg/kg th trng.
- Dng trn ln vi mui n mui tht th t l khng c ln hn
0,6%.
- Khng c dng cho vo thc n ca tr em.

Nitrat (NO3)

Sodium nitrat

Tht mui

Tht hp

NaNO3, KNO3

S dng lm cht st khun v gi mu cho tht, cc sn phm tht, c v

phomt.
Th nghim ngn ngy tru b, gia sc n c kh (cha 1,5% nitrat) b
cht do nitrat b vi khun ng rut chuyn ho thnh nitrit.

Liu lng s dng cho ngi :

Khng hn ch 0 - 5 mg/kg th trng.

C iu kin 5 - 10 mg/kg th trng
Acid benzoic, mui benzoat

Acid benzoic

Sodium Benzoate

c ch mnh nm men v nm mc, c tc dng yu i vi vi khun.

Tc ng ln mng t bo nm, c ch qu trnh h hp ca t bo, c

ch qu trnh oxy ha glucose v pyruvate, c ch qu trnh bin dng
cc hp cht a lng (N, P,) ca sinh vt.
Mt s loi vi sinh vt c th s dng acid benzoic trong qu trnh trao
i cht hay c cc c ch c hiu (cc bm mng) loi b cc cht c
ra khi t bo.
Acid benzoic c th tc ng h h hp v h thn kinh trung ng, gy
kch ng mt.
Tc dng bo qun ca Acid benzoic v Natri benzoat ch xy ra mi
trng acid, pH=2,5-3,5.
Nng acid benzoic s dng trong thc phm: 0,05-0,15%.
Nng benzoat trong sn phm c tc dng bo qun l 0,07-0,1%.
Acid benzoic c s dng nhiu trong bo qun tri cy v rau qu.
Nu s dng nng cao s lm thay i mi v sn phm, nh hng
ti thn ca ngi s dng.
Dng benzoic hoc benzoat trong bo qun sn phm c th lm cho sn
phm b thm en, v d nhn bit d v, lm gim ch tiu cm quan ca
sn phm.
Liu gy cht ngi: 500 mg/kg.
Acid sorbic

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Acid sorbic

Acid sorbic

Acid sorbic chng mc cho c vin

Dng thng s dng lm cht bo qun: acid sorbic, sorbate natri,
sorbate calci, sorbate kali.
Acid sorbic v kali sorbat c tc dng c ch nm mc v nm men, t c
tc dng vi vi khun.

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Acid sorbic nh hng ti protein trn mng t bo nm mc, gy nh

hng n qu trnh vn chuyn cc ion m qua mng: lm chuyn i
pH bn ngoi t bo, thay i s vn chuyn ca cc acid amin; lm gim
sinh tng hp protein v thay i s tch ly nucleotide trong t bo.
Acid sorbic nh hng ti hot tnh ca cc enzyme nht l enzyme
dehydrogenase
Acid sorbic v kali sorbat khng c i vi c th con ngi, dng
trong bo qun thc phm khng gy ra mi v l, khng lm mt mi t
nhin.
S dng cho bo qun sn phm lm nguyn liu cho ch bin: bo qun
rau qu cho mui chua, sa lm sa chua.
Dng nhiu trong ch bin rau qu, ru vang, sn xut hp, ch bin
sa, bo qun v ch bin c, tht, sn phm bnh m, bo qun nc
mm, nc chm, c ngm dm.
Phi hp acid sorbic hoc sorbat vi cc cht bo qun khc:
Dng acid sorbic vi natri benzoat trong bo qun nc qu
Dng acid sorbic cho sn phm p ng c th gim mt na lng
ng p.
Trn 0,1-0,2% acid sorbic (so vi lng mui) vo dung dch mui
mui c trc khi hun khi.
Ester diethyl ca acid pyrocarbonic
Dit nm men, nm mc v vi khun, km hm hot ng ca enzyme.

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Ethylpyrocarbonat hon ton khng c i vi ngi, khi tip xc vi

nc s phn hy dn dn thnh ethanol v CO2.
Dng trong bo qun nc qu, qu ti.
S dng ethylpyrocarbonat thay th phng php sulfite ho trong
bo qun ru nho v nc qu.

Ethylpyrocarbonat
Carbonic (CO2)
Kh carbonic tc ng ti qu trnh trao i cht ca vi sinh vt, c ch
mt vi qu trnh bin dng ca vi sinh vt.
Nm mc nhy cm hn i vi kh carbonic, cn vi khun th t nhy
cm hn.
Nng kh carbonic cao c ch s pht trin ca nhng vi khun hiu
kh v c vi khun ym kh.
Kh carbonic km hm s oxy ha cht bo ngay c nhng nng
nh.
Ozon (O3)
Ozon c tnh oxi ha rt mnh, tc ng trc tip ti cc cht sng gy
bin i v bt hot cc i phn t sinh hc, gy ri lon cc hot ng
sng ca vi sinh vt.

13

Hiu qu tc dng ca ozon s c nng cao khi h thp nhit v

tng m tng i ca khng kh. Kt hp bo qun lnh thc phm
vi vic ozon ha khng kh s cho kt qu tt hn.
Acid acetic (Ngm dm)
Acid acetic lm gim pH ca sn phm, lm cho qu trnh trao i ion
ca vi sinh vt khng thc hin c. S thay i qu ln ca nng
ion trong v ngoi mng t bo lm ri lon cc qu trnh trao i cht
ca vi sinh vt, c ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt trong thc phm.
Nng acetic acid thng dng: 1,7-2% (pH 2,3-2,5).
Phng php ngm dm thng dng acid acetic, acid citric, tartric.
Khng sinh c sn xut theo phng php ha hc
Cc cht khng sinh c tc dng ch yu vi vi khun, tc ng yu i vi
nm mc, nm men:
Lm ngng tng hp thnh t bo vi khun; ph v tnh thm thu ca
mng t bo.
nh hng ti qu trnh tng hp protein ca vi khun.
nh hng i vi acid nucleic.
Cc cht khng sinh c php dng: biomixin (clotetraxyclin),
teramixin, oreomixin,

Nguyn tc s dng khng sinh lm cht bo qun thc phm

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Ch s dng nhng khng sinh no khng dng cho cha bnh quan trng,
khng gy hin tng khng khng sinh, khng nh hng n vic s dng
nhng khng sinh khc trong iu tr bnh.
Khng s dng nhng khng sinh gy hi cho sc kho ngi tiu dng.
Cn xc minh loi khng sinh s dng khng gy hi cho h vi sinh vt
ng rut.
Khi s dng khng sinh bo qun, phi m bo khng h thp bt c ch
tiu v sinh no khc.

2. Ph gia chng oxy ha

2.1 Khi nim cht ph gia chng oxy ha
L mt loi ph gia gip ngn chn hoc lm chm qu trnh oxy ha cht khc.
Cht chng oxy ha ngn chn qu trnh ph hy ny bng cch kh i cht t do,
km hm s oxy ha bng cch oxy ha chnh chng, thng c s dng
ngn chn s oxy ha cht bo hoc vitamin, c vai tr ngn nga s oxy ha v
s pht trin tip theo ca cc phn ng i ha trnh vic hnh thnh mi l hay
mt mu nh du, m, gim,...Chng c bit c s dng nhm ko di thi
gian s dng ca thc phm kh hoc ng lnh.
2.2 C ch tc dng ca ph gia chng oxy ha
2.2.1. S hnh thnh cc gc t do
Ngun gc hnh thnh cc gc t do (OH., O2.-, NO.,) nh tia UV, bc x ion
ha, nhim khng kh, ht thuc, trao i cht, s chy, cng thng, Cc gc t
do l nguyn nhn gy tn thng t bo, protein, axit nucleic, DNA, v dn ti
cc cn bnh nguy him nh ung th, lo ha, tiu ng, tim mchDo ,

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trnh s gy hi ca cc gc t do th cn thit phi loi b chng bng cch s

dng cc cht chng xi ha b sung nh VTM A, VTM C, VTM E, polyphenol,

Hnh 1. S hnh thnh cc gc t do

2.2.2 S chng xi-ha
S kh gc t do ca cht chng xi ha, trong cc electron khng ghp i ca
gc t do s c nhn electron ca cht chng xi ha to thnh cc electron
ghp i bn vng.

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Hnh 2. S chng xi-ha

C nhiu ch tiu nh gi qu trnh chng xi-ha, trong mi ch tiu th
hin mt kha cnh ca hot ng chng xi-ha, nh vy nhiu ch tiu s phn
nh mt qu trnh chng xi-ha tng th. Mt s ch tiu thng c s dng
nh gi qu trnh chng xi-ha nh sau:
2.2.2.1

Hot ng qut gc t do DPPH

C ch ca hot ng qut gc t do DPPH l s ghp i hydro v nh ch qu

trnh xi-ha bng s chuyn cc gc t do sang trng thi n nh hn. Nh vy,
khi c mt ca cht chng xi ha n s kh gc t do DPPH v lm cho dung
dch b gim mu sc, do hp th ca dung dch s gim i.
Z. + AH = ZH + A. (1)
Trong : Z.: l gc t do DPPH, AH l cht chng xi ha
2.2.2.2. Hot ng kh ion Fe3+
C ch ca hot ng kh ion Fe3+ l s ghp i electron v nh ch phn ng
xi-ha dy chuyn bng s kh dng xi-ha thnh dng t do. Ngun gc chnh
ca gc t do hydroxyl l phn ng Haber-Weiss, trong gc t do superoxit kh

17

Fe3+ thnh Fe2+, sau n xc tc cho phn ng Fenton gia Fe2+ v H2O2. Nh
vy, khi c mt ca cht chng xi ha n s kh gc t do superoxit nn hn ch
s kh Fe3+ thnh Fe2+ v lm cho dung dch gi mu sc, do hp th ca
dung dch s tng ln.
O2. - + Fe3+ = O2 + Fe2+ (2)
Fe2+ + H2O2 = Fe3+ + OH- + .OH (3)
2.2.2.3. Hot ng qut gc H2O2
Hydroperoxit c th lm tng s hnh thnh gc t do hydroxyl trong t bo v gy
c. Ngun gc ca gc t do hydroxyl l phn ng Fenton gia Fe2+ v H2O2
Fe2+ + H2O2 = Fe3+ + OH- + .OH (4)
2.2.2.4. Hot ng chuyn ion Fe2+
Ngun gc ca cc gc t do hydroxyl l phn ng Fenton gia Fe 2+ v H2O2. Nh
vy, khi c mt ca cht chng xi ha s hn ch s chuyn Fe 2+thnh Fe3+ nn
mu ca dung dch phn ng s nht hn, do hp th s gim i.
Fe2+ + H2O2 = Fe3+ + OH- + .OH (5)

2.3 Phn loi

2.3.1 Cht chng oxy ha t nhin
Cc cht bo khng no trong m sinh hc tng i bn. Nguyn nhn l trong m
sinh hc c cha cc cht chng oxy ha cng nh cc enzyme ngn chn hin
tng oxy ha.
2.3.2 Cht chng oxy ha tng hp
c im:
- Khng c
- C hot tnh oxy ha cao nng thp
- C th tp trung c trn b mt pha du
- Bn trong cc iu kin k thut ca qu trnh ch bin thc phm

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Cc cht chng oxy ha tng hp thng c s dng l: BHT (Butylated

hydroxytoluen),

BHA

(Tertbutyl

Hydroxyanisole),

TBHQ

(Tertbutyl

Hydroquinone), tocophenol tng hp

3. Ph gia chng sm mu
Mu sc l l mt ch s quan trng ca gi tr cm quan. Mu sc ca cc sn
phm thc phm khng ch c gi tr v mt hnh thc m cn c tc dng sinh l
rt r rt. Mu sc thch hp s gip c th ng ha thc phm d dng. V vy
trong k thut sn xut thc phm ngi ta khng ch bo v mu sc t nhin m
cn cho thm cht mu mi, to ra nhng mu sc thch hp vi tnh cht v trng
thi ca sn phm

3.1 Khi nim ph gia chng sm mu

Ph gia chng sm mu l cht c s dng bo qun mu hin hu trong
thc phm bi phn ng enzym hoc phn ng khng do enzym, c bit l trong
rau qu sy kh
Vd: Vitamin C (E300), axit citric (E330), sulfitnatri (E221)

3.2 Phn loi ph gia chng sm mu

3.2.1 Cht mu t nhin
Cc cht mu t nhin thng gp ch yu trong cc nguyn liu thc vt
Clorofil: Mu xanh l cy ca thc vt l do c mt cht mu clorofil,
Clorofil khng nhng to ra mu xanh m n cn che khut cc mu khc, hm
lng clorofil chim khong 1% cht kh. c ng dng trong sn xut thc
phm c bit l trong sn xut hp rau. Trong thc t, bo v mu xanh ca
u ng hp, ngi ta cho vo hp mt t dinatri glutamat. Hoc nhum mu

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xanh cho u vng, ngi ta dng clorofilin. Clorofil d b hp th trn b mt ca

ht u v gi c bn mu lm cho ht rt p
Carotenoit: l nhm cht mu ha tan trong cht bo lm cho qu v rau c
mu da cam, mu vng, mu . Nhm ny gm t 65-70 cht mu t nhin. Tc
c cc carotenoit u khng ha tan trong nc.
Licopen: c trong qu c chua v mt s loi qu khc. Mu ca c chua
chnh ch yu l licopen. Khi chn hm lng licopen tng ln 10 ln
Capxantin l cht mu vng c trong t
Birxin l cht mu c trong qu cy nhit i
Xitroxantin c trong v qu chanh
3.2.2 Cc cht mu hnh thnh trong qu trnh gia cng k thut
To mu mi do phn ng caramen c nh hng n mu sc bnh, ko,

S to mu mi do phn ng melanoidin
S to thnh cc cht mu do phn ng oxy ha polyphenol c tc dng
c ch nm thng dng kh trng

III. CH LI V RI RO KHI S DNG PH GIA CHT

BO QUN THC PHM
3.1 Thc trng
Vit Nam hin nay, tnh trng s dng phu gia thc phm khng d kim sot.
Nhiu ngi s dng ph gia thc phm trong danh mc nhng ph gia b cm,
hoc qu thi hn, dng khng ng cho cc chng loi thc phm.

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V d: s dng mui dim xt vo tht quay, dng phm mu ngoi danh mc

cho cc thc phm n ngay 36-51%. Dng hn the trong bnh cun, bnh t, gi
ch 60-70%, trong hm lng trn 1mg% chim t l rt cao.
Ch trong 3 thng u nm 2011, c 17 v vi hn 1.400 ngi b ng c thc
phm (NTP), trong , c 4 ngi t vong. Ngy 8/5, li xy ra mt v mt an
ton v sinh thc phm (ATVSTP), khin 51 s quan v chin s b ng c. R
rng, ATVSTP ang l vn nn nhc nhi, nht l khi thi gian qua, hu ht cc v
NTP l do ha cht v c t t nhin, thay v do vi sinh nh trc.
Ti min Bc pht hin nhiu mu thc phm c cha rhodamine B vi hm
lng t 20,2 n 110,2 mg/kg. Nhiu mu thc phm s dng nitrit ( pht hin
trong xc xch, gim bng), phm mu c cha kim ( trong nc gii kht, m n
lin). c bit l c 15,6% mu bn, bnh ph, bnh gi, bnh su s c s dng
hn the (cht khng c trong danh mc ph gia c php s dng).

Cc cht ph gia v phm mu thc phm dng trong ch bin

Ti cc tnh pha Nam, 298/437 mu sn phm l m si ti, thc phm chay
dng tnh vi formol. 86/115 mu c dng tnh vi cht ty trng vi cc mu

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hoa chui, b chui, mng chua. C 28/52 mu s dng phm mu ngoi danh mc
cho php ca B Y t, tp trung vo cc mu tm kh, ht da, mt

3.2 Li ch
Gi cho thc phm an ton v ti lu hn
bn thn thc phm v mi trng xung quanh thng c nhng vi khun, vi nm
lm h hng thc phm. ph gia thc phm c th gip bo qun thc phm, lm
chm h thi , gi phm cht v v hp dn ca thc phm
trong ch bin thc phm cn s dng cht chng oxy ha i ha mt mu cc
ht ng cc kh, du m, du gim x lch.
Nh c cht bo qun thc phm m thc phm khng b h hng, b ph v c th
c gi lu hn khi gi i xa.
An ton hn, m bo dinh dng hn
Khi s dng cc cht chng vi sinh vt s cho php ta bo qun c thc phm
khi s hot ng ph hy bi vi sinh vt, do thc phm s an ton hn, cc
cht chng oxy ha s lm gim s nguy hi do cc cht c c to thnh t cc
qu trnh t oxy ha ca thc phm.

3.3 Ri ro
Nu s dng ph gia cht bo qun thc phm khng ng liu lng, chng loi
nht l nhng ph gia khng cho php dng trong thc phm s gy nhng tc hi
cho sc khe:
Gy ng c cp tnh: Nu dng qu liu cho php.
V d nh cc nghin cu cho thy hn the c kh nng tch t trong c th gy tn
thng v thoi ha c quan sinh dc, tn thng h thn kinh trung ng, gan,

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tim, thn, rut. c tnh, c ti 50% trng hp ng c cp tnh (xy ra sau khi
n 5 gi vi triu chng nn, co git, nhp tim nhanh, hn m) c th dn n t
vong. Khi b ng c, ngi bnh s thy chong vng, nn ma d di, tiu chy,
da v nim mc tm ti. Nu khng c cp cu kp thi, bnh nhn s ngt th,
hn m, dn n t vong.
Gy ng c mn tnh: D dng liu lng nh, thng xuyn, lin tc,
mt s cht ph gia thc phm tch ly trong c th, gy tn thng lu
di.
V d : Theo kt qu nghin cu ca tin s Maria Luisa Pacor thuc Trng H
Verona (), cht bo qun E211 c th l nguyn nhn gy vim mi mn tnh.
Cht E211 thng c s dng bo qun cc loi thc phm nh hp,
soda, chewing-gum v cc loi mt
Hn the ( Natri Borat) l cht bo qun thc phm( tht c),
c cho vo thc phm tr nn gin, dai. L cht khng
mu, mi, v nn cho vo thc phm rt kh nhn bit. L
cht c, v gy nhng bnh mn tnh v thn, gan, bing n,
hay suy nhc c th.
Hn the
Nguy c gy hnh thnh khi u, ung th, t bin gen, qui thai, nht l
cc cht ph gia tng hp.
V d: C hi n tng bp lu c s dng ha cht bo
qun nhm Nitrit . Nitrit (NaNO2) c tc dng gip cho
thc phm va ngon mt va ko di tui th v gi
mu p v ngn chn c cc vi khun pht trin. Tuy

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nhin iu lo ngi v s hin din ca cht ny trong thc phm l nguy c to

thnh cht gy ung th.
Bp luc cha Nitrit
Nguy c nh hng ti cht lng thc phm: ph hu cc cht dinh
dng, vitamin...
V d: Hypochloride Natri NaClO2 c tc dng gi ti c v dit khun. Gi
ti c bng dung dch ngm hoc phun, thi gian ty thuc vo lng Cl trong
dung dch, sau khi ngm th ng gi bao b bo qun. Nhng nhc im ca
cht ny l lm cho c c mu nht hoc b bin vng.
Ngoi cc tc hi trn, cc cht bo qun khi vo c th s thi ra h bi tit, nhng
khi vt qu nng , thn khng th bi tit. lu ngy, mt s ph gia tng hp s
tch t li gy c cho c th con ngi nu nhim vo xng th tr em s khng
ln c. thm ch gy ung th xng v sau, nu nhim vo no th s khng pht
trin tr tu, nhim vo gan th s b bnh gan.

3.4 Khc phc

i vi cc c s sn xut
Cc doanh nghip v cc c s sn xut nn dng cc mu t nhin cho cc sn
phm thc phm, hoc ch dng cc phm mu c php s dng. Dng cht bo
qun v phm mu ng liu lng v cng t cng tt i ngi tiu dng, cn
ch nn dng cc cht mu t nhin (nh gc, c chua, t, c rt, dnh dnh, dm
bt chua, ngh, l da thm) Cc cht mu t nhin ngoi tc dng to mu,
chng cn c tnh chng oxy ha, nn rt tt cho sc khe.
i vi ngi tiu dng

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ngi tiu dng bng mc thng khng th xc nh c nh tnh v nh lng

cht bo qun c trong thc phm. Do khng nn mua sn phm qu le lot,
khng nhn hiu khng ni xut x ch nn mua hng ha c ngun gc, c xut
x r rng, ca cc c s sn xut c uy tnh c cng b tiu chun cht lng
(nh HACCP v ISO 22000) ti cc c quan chc nng m bo sc khe
i vi cc c s y t, cc c quan c thm quyn
Cn tng cng tuyn truyn cho ngi sn xut, kinh doanh v ngi tiu dng
khng nn s dng cht ty trng, formol, hn the, phm mu ngoi danh mc cho
php ca B y t.
Cn tng cng tuyn truyn cho ngi sn xut, kinh doanh v ngi tiu dng
bit c tc hi ca cht ty trng, formol, hn the, phm mu ngoi danh mc cho
php ca B y t n sc khe ca con ngi.
Cn tng cng cng tc thanh kim tra v sinh an ton thc phm i vi cc mt
hng c nguy c cao s dng hn the, formol, cht ty trng, phm mu ngoi danh
mc cho php ca B y t gy tc hi n sc khe ngi tiu dng.
Cn c cc bin php x l thch ng khi pht hin sai phm trong v sinh an ton
thc phm.
Khuyn khch ngi sn xut, kinh doanh, ch bin thc phm s dng cc cht ph
gia khc khng gy hi n sc khe ngi tiu dng.
S dng phm mu dng trong ch bin thc phm phi c bao b, nhn mc v
ghi a ch r rng. Trng hp s dng phm mu nhp khu phi c xut x r
rng, phi cng b cht lng ti cc c quan c thm quyn

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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Cc an ton v sinh thc phm,Nhng vn c bn v v
sinh an ton thc phm i vi sc khe con ngi, NXB Lao
ng x hi.
2. Hong Ngc Hng, T dc v cht ph gia, NXB Y hc.
PGS PTS Nguyn Duy Thnh, Cc cht ph gia dng trong
sn xut thc phm, NXB Trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni
(2004)
3. L Ngc T, c t hc v an ton thc phm, NXB Khoa hc
v k thut H Ni (2006)
4. http://csvtsnt.ning.com/forum/topics/tim-hieu-ve-chat-baoquan-thuc?xg_source=activity
5. http://tusach.thuvienkhoahoc.com/wiki/V%E1%BB
%87_sinh_an_to%C3%A0n_th%E1%BB%B1c_ph%E1%BA
%A9m
6. www.sstwo-mall.com/index.php/free-radicals/
7. www.amazing-glutathione.com/what-areantioxidants.html

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