INTRODUCTORY ESSAY PESHAT AND DERASH IN NORTHERN FRANCE ste © known ofthe Jowish community of France before 1070, and by xplsions had began to del a ow fam wach & never fly severed during those yeas of 1070 to 1220, ths tiny Jewish comment) played 2 car fol Jewish mulled bstry As was typical for premoder Jewish writings, works of hola ccunated Rashi's commentary oe the Talat seg wit tie magma pet that we call the Tosfot (a prodoct of Noriuer France and Geman) made 2 peomancat mark oe Tamed six. But the Jews —— soctier eat comtnintion—they shaped the way that al pre-made Jews and ‘ay modern ones hve staid Bible forthe at 900 yeas Coca scholars of Jada have lang reazed the cemral re of meter och exegesis ofthe Bible. Almont 2 center spo, Samuel Pomme wits sport fist stacy,” Mack has bese beamed or Sucovereé sce Parana ame and there is an impressive amount of itcrest ae Norton French Jewish Bible exegrics—partoaarly Rass, Joseph Cara and Rastbam, wth some states aso of Joseph Bek Stor and Ebene of Beanerncy ‘Yet with lof the recat advances m scholars of medion Jee ‘sous We lack even 8 oak wih Foe example, sat ‘hcther Jeg Ques ht es that me we fora ive exept er=. eee a —- ee. ea cs a. Sere Ss rer Seppe aw ee Se ves that tere ae Bah Sky ames Bat ae un coma jafveaing 2 txt? Whe bart magne hat hy dat net, they | INTRODUCTORY ESSAY fut yo han alge pete” (hoy 2-2. The Tt rea at alan Sa 2 te fran fom wing gentle wine The Tata! en nue, te ae wera” The wer gen inthe Tabs hr hc poh sage ot s tha stadt shou ot ake mater e que fe te hat the muster mca of anretingt We mens ma ee explain how the seco inept cons ee ta he oy sana tht we might call pvt aft ef npc ‘aru about the prohibe aga totes wines pal mee ‘vote ha the second con that ts poem mae Mt ne es vn 0 cat wt (pb pm) er s tepond the goa of hs easy 1 anne a Soe whet soca tabs ha nd when they apa of eae sera Hab tee Sects sone vey well Fst te cacti et te cr dnt ao Jemonsrae a Sentry © wht we woud ly cal he pa sual rane of Senge cond), he word fs ory mt Ba He ‘sow mei forthe canes bis langue! i wedi! ts a cis, when the rats label the cocoa tepreaon a t bone I 2 they protay meat oly exc ne wer) spc OF Src explanation a muro ha ges meng ce pe a wie Rag he face (ora fat we pp) eter peso ‘anally we weed agree th hem at ch exansons $9 et “sce 1 be called shar Bat mest us woul tthe ar mach her ney di we comes to dfn wn es The fact that post-Enlighteament people might bave a diffrent sense of vst than at ofthe casa abe ros sping. What sping. a ‘Rus enplanation, i hat the ous Tabb of vet an tweety NSiser France alo brake ranks with tbee preoesrs and ts ape ‘be datmctn between Pesala dest an 1 ens cone the mem ‘Nr or clas teres abut whic they we ay “T's a pa”RASHBAM Se eet oa ae Br om act obs marks. Since the invention of print almost every Fence bas cmc, ty ee eer ecco ee ts es re eee Se sic ron ar ere aa “Rew ad tht itreflects tice commitment peshar. po hey aac mi our itis fave andy srangod thm i hal Fa fain esos vf ea hoe © write onty posh abel rg, an hose or uch explain the [tepurecch worn appopce ae —e ad th Crit Shs. Sea Secunda Silene am the Sag of Solon, by Sarah Ka sand Cis epee Bile 8 Ea, Netemah Crone and pat of INTRODUCTORY Essay Reta ieratas ‘asi, offoted was, But there 1800 Gear explanaios mane naa at 4s most use ana of the sue was dane by Sarah Kamin, who a ‘suc hat Rash sw cones asthe paranout fe (almost ote exces of al other factors) when desdag ‘shetber any parc intomteaes we ‘pesiuty shel migra’ The question of deining what “samc” meats a ot shed Bu the more vexing question o easier s wheter Rash actly fd ny consistent approach 1 estos of peat and dervh Despite hs pee ‘wns, Rast ils his commentaries wi mdash,” many of which sem os ncorpatble with any defiaiton of psa. Fac expen Gen 2830-52, an cewtes me from the hunt $9) (raditonally “ired™ NIPS wanes fa ‘she and ay to is bother, Iam at the pit of death abl wba seth Uustvight to me” Rashi (Commentary ad Gen 252 interprets ts a wis “wed” om having, commited, murdt, ae (Comes ad 2532) tht he rejected the binsight sige heft da fhe took nthe resuemens ofthe ‘vine service that devolve am the frst, he would be sue 10 t00 many rules that would plac him at peri of dea Wile mdrasi kets ceraily offend our mar sexs of pes, has been argued that even comments of this aatre are ted by Kashi oly bocause they succesflly pass the tresbold of being “close” topes In hs super-commeatary to this passage, Bljah Miah points Oo thal the sca! ‘bbc midrash st aumber of ter exes tht Esau alley crm ‘hat day-inereourse witha Betrtbed woman and thf,” to mame bu 199 ‘and the midvashi offer tetal prot of thos rims, 100. Mia ares tht ‘Res ound the alleged anomies in the bbl text thet ae the "onl of those other midrashie comments too fr from the esha an so he did mot tte those infractions 1 Esau. But the arment continues, Rash sw the tse of the word 40 in our verse as sicily snomalous 0 justi his ‘chon of the mdash tt Eat as ly of md i Be ‘mest: Mica its tat even the lain is ‘ Sait empl. be tl ek sted an when Ras Dabs ae 1000 pp 1 Sc eaeRASHBAM . ot uf being close to peshay. Siento Se es pencil a Comet the line ftom Moses” poem (Deat 334 es Be ee ae aia eperreeteere ee. ae io onnmenry be sited tough ie classical midrashie: Does Rashi then have consistent seth? Many explanations have bee fred, one very saishng, “Tosina and Grossman “The most unsatising bt possibly te, explanation isthe one that a8 ‘th we wil never know wit Rash’ cosistnt exegetical poston is om any since we will never have a reliable text of his Bible commentary. hs shown tha thee have been dozens of "addons tothe text, a sbi be ei sch” sc ne do ot a an yeas o€ 59 afer Rash wots his commen oss tht i not just he ease that various sal to Rash’s sommentary on the Torah; what we sail Kemel of comments that go bask then eae “Rash suds” snp camo INTRODUCTORY Essay : ven i we asoept Grossman's assessnen Gate carne tht we ‘aves sfc sina 1o Ress eign wa tht ne as ae Me ‘lesions tke “Whit Rash’ epee method and hit asc ed oh” sl troubling to thik tha host ay inal teat are ad ah be ale adtion But it seems 10 me safe to astm at be tp ss icles a Kast to importa esi fe (1) Rath er wees csnmentary about his Commies to pest at (2) Ras fen expe ical verses na way that oes mo on o any known dein of ea rites of Rast ‘One ofthe radical ways of ying to del with this digas stat of Nba bu Ezra. That great Spnih-bom exept, wh was eames whet shi ied, wes: ‘uti Schon, of es ener, weber mea 0 he Be. He ‘tought tai yas pea omer, tet os tks ol oe sad ‘emet ea The las oo genta nae a ‘her rationalists bad sina aprogces. Joseph bn Kas sid causally ht is et study Rash before sting his ov sommeray sins a mati an ‘he est understond once you have been exposed 0 is precise opposite Silly one of Rashban’s primary goals seams 10 have been to erie Ris coneeption of pesha, eric which he fen fommulaed in very cat telangaage "Eve if bo Ezra and to Keg’ bal comments ae eet, they dot sob the Rash derma, Perhaps Rashi fad o figure out what pest was low ae wet make sense of wha he did do? Sm! ow Me (6) 290, 3RASHBAM “Apap ina pstmoder ene * See See ate or oe eerie es sees oo aa elle ER a, Bloi =. to help this community of readers get past a few barman gees acre ner ‘Should have arrived at om their own” a r Avan one mg to ee Rashi nis post-modern i | Sects tomgpn ch cn sa rss se a a i sen reser nr mete ea INTRODUCTORY Essay be i saying that that midosh hast be conveyed a 0 th mas at Ean wa i nde + purpose i ying he dos fom tine ine ts hee 2 midaaieteading of some parca ves nel ee Shen Clad om his Comme Beoase ki ea a Rast’ commentary relly sll about peat” pavlereree a See oe et oe i cat Se Seon mrranemtanae SSS nce oases ste le ae! alae yan os a a reve Ral eee nh cee eee ee ioe Kat oe ee ae eee oneness so a ee ae Mccann tea ee ee (a ie a ook eee ol Oe aa Peter version First, he mentions only the opinion that there were six babies bors from ‘he pregnancy, Secondly instead of comecing he midrash wo the we eur, ror en as eee eee 7 cman noma "ic Cer as na Aton 8 it acne Cisne eg carn aa Beer : oe2 ary be cose canta bt ne Hower amis coy eae -ye-cmnet cfe wpes atHae crt mae t icy w te bbe a bee mab cle set et, R Beh Mirae Ranks ns pe = + soe poste Sot st ey comme of Fast tia” Tas pos © Se tne med iy ‘qos sat saec cers © ee apm ioe co cae oe ate 2 we mh oe fans ey pcg Se mabe fe Sa Se Sve kas coe va a Spe ee fe pei we SF ee eee (ee ats aes 2 picces te ay spice: conact eer ee es ee tbe amswer that Rashi thinks that only these seven instances off) ma ee ernst Metin yeni a Sse ese ne rite ANE 1" win 9 wm NED Ye A BI em the Pests,” in Rav She INTRODUCTORY Essay «1 he paseo 8 ain Ge So, it hate woe a pi no oe ha are [rnold 35, no one could dione) ay ose =} g ry 436 the word as anal: ve ce ma an te tien a i ae ae cee eee : ey 2 at no ee ae eee Nas fe of tee rh emmy ate ae Ti ac ed oe cn a a ee ee nour 4 he ‘el Al a td ia aes ee Rr oe hi el cia co a geline ea cee teh at Pa sah ene Rerieereny troy bor 210 ner te eo ae on? ae cael as a <, ers STARA are yamine co eae ‘een heise : nana1 oN (Or Hs ORAL the LORD spi is dango aa heathen he pcan os Sets on take ay fod Ti and, i ou hve mae he LORD novia pcblens of se