TRNG AI HOC CONG NGHIEP TPHCM

KHOA CONG NGHE HOA HOC VA MOI TRNG

CHNG I
TNG QUAN V TRUYN NHIT

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

VAI TRO CUA TRUYEN NHIET

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th
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Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

MY HI

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Mt hnh nh TB Nhit trong thc t

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

Cu hi tho lun: cho bit nhng hnh thc

trao i nhit xy ra trong hnh nh ny?

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

Hy m t cc qu trnh TN xy ra trong hnh

nh di y?

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

NOI HI ONG LO ONG LA NAM

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

TRUYN NHIT

NHIT BAO GI CNG C

TRUYN T NI C NHIT CAO
N NI C NHIT THP.

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

3 DNG TRAO I NHIT C BN

DN NHIT
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Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

The Nature of Heat

Definition: Heat is the internal kinetic energy of
the atoms and molecules that make up a
substance.
Since it is a form of energy, it is measure in the
standard unit of a Joule.
More commonly, it is measured in the following units:
calorie heat energy needed to raise 1 gram of water by 1
degree Celsius. 1 calorie = 4.186 Joules.
Calorie commonly used to measure energy content of food.
1 Calorie = 1000 calories.
British Thermal Unit (BTU) heat energy needed to raise
one pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. 1 BTU = 252
calories = 1,054 Joules.
Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

Properties of Heat
Two liters of boiling water has more energy
than one one liter of boiling water.
Heat will not flow between two objects of the
same temperature.
Heat is energy in the process of being
transferred from one object to another because
of the temperature difference between them

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

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Heat Capacity
Definition: Heat capacity is the amount of heat
required per unit increase in temperature.
It is a measure of how well the substance stores heat.
Heat added = heat capacity x (change in temperature)
Materials with large heat capacities hold heat well.
Their temperatures will not rise much for a given amount of
heat.
Example: water

Materials with small heat capacities do not hold heat

well.
Their temperatures will rise quickly for a given amount of
heat
Example: air Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Conduction
Convection
Advection
Radiation

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

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Conduction
Conduction is the transfer of heat within a
substance, molecule by molecule

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

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TRUYN NHIT DN NHIT

T1

T2

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

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TRUYN NHIT DN NHIT

DT1

DT2

DT3

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

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Conductivity of Various Substances

Substance
Heat Conductivity
Still air at 20 C
0.023
Dry Soil
0.25
Water at 20 C
0.60
Snow
0.63
Wet Soil
2.1
Ice
2.1
Granite
2.7
Iron
80
Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer
Silver
427

16

Convection
Convection is heat transfer by the movement of
a fluid in the vertical direction

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

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Advection
Advection is the movement of heat in the
horizontal (north/south/east/west) direction.
Any measurable property of air can be
advected.

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

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TRUYN NHIT I LU

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

19

Khi nim v tun han

HI RA

NC CAP

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

ONG N

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C XUONG

S lun chuyn ca
nc trong ni hi
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Radiation
Radiation allows heat to be transferred through
wave energy
These waves are called electromagnetic waves
because the energy travels in a combination of
electric and magnetic waves
The energy a wave carries is related to its
wavelength (distance from crest to crest)

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

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Electromagnetic Spectrum

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

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Stephan-Boltzmann Law
All things with a temperature above absolute zero emit
radiation.
As the temperature of an object increases, more
radiation is emitted each second
E = T4
where is a constant, T is the temperature of an object
in Kelvin and E is the maximum rate of radiation
emitted per square meter.
Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

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Weins Law
Weins law states that the wavelength of maximum
emission of an object is related to the objects
temperature.
max = /T
where max is the wavelength in micrometers (m) at
which the maximum radiation emission occurs, is a
constant equal to 2897 m K, and T is the temperature
in Kelvin.
Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

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Emission Spectrum of
an Object with
Constant Temperature

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

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Summary

Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

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Weins Law
Weins law states that the wavelength of maximum
emission of an object is related to the objects
temperature.
max = /T
where max is the wavelength in micrometers (m) at
which the maximum radiation emission occurs, is a
constant equal to 2897 m K, and T is the temperature
in Kelvin.
Ly Ngoc Minh, Senior Lecturer

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