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Salters A2 WM End Mod Test
Salters A2 WM End Mod Test
60 marks (1 hour)
Draw the full structural formula and give the systematic name for ester D.
[2]
Ester D can be made in the laboratory by the reaction of ethanoyl chloride with alcohol E.
i Give the full structural formula of ethanoyl chloride.
ii Suggest the name of the alcohol E that reacts with ethanoyl chloride to make ester D.
[1]
[1]
Ester D can also be made by reacting alcohol E with carboxylic acid F, CH3COOH. The reaction is carried out by heating
under reux.
i Give the systematic name of carboxylic acid F.
[1]
ii Name the other reagent that would be needed to obtain a reasonable yield of ester D by this method.
[1]
iii Explain what is meant by heating under reux and give one reason why it is necessary in this reaction.
[3]
[1]
[3]
[2]
[2]
[2]
[1]
[TOTAL: 20 MARKS]
Cannabis resin contains compounds called cannabinoids. Two compounds contained in fresh cannabis resin are shown below.
C5H11
HO
H3C
C5H11
HO
H3C
COOH
O
H3C
CH3
A
H3C
CH3
B
Describe, using diagrams, how you would carry out thin-layer chromatography to demonstrate that cannabis resin contains a
mixture of compounds.
[5]
Samples of compounds A and B are isolated from the resin and puried. Various chemical tests are carried out on the
compounds.
i Both compounds A and B contain an OH group attached to a benzene ring. Give the name of this functional group.
ii Describe a test (with the expected result) that would show the presence of this functional group.
[1]
[2]
[1]
[2]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
24
WM
In 1936 the compound pethidine, a powerful painkiller, was synthesised by chance. The general structure of pethidine is shown
below.
&+
1
O
&+
C O
pethidine
CH
Two peaks in the mass spectrum of pethidine occur at masses of 15 and 77. Suggest the formulae of the ions giving rise to
these two peaks.
[3]
[2]
[1]
100
Transmittance (%)
80
60
40
20
4600
3800
3000
2200
1800
1400
Wavenumber/cm1
1000
800
600
400
When pethidine was rst discovered, clinical trials were carried out on the medicine. Give three questions that these trials
would answer about the potential of pethidine as a medicine.
[3]
Having discovered a medicine which is effective, scientists then prepare a large number of related compounds.
i Explain why they do this.
ii Name the technique that scientists use to prepare large numbers of related compounds. Explain how the use of this
technique helps the development of new medicines.
e