Chapter 3

Chng
GIAO TIEP QUA RANH CAM MAY TNH

May tnh tng thch IBM la loai may tnh pho bien tren the
gii, tuy theo ng dung co the phan thanh:
- May tnh e ban (Desktop Personal Computer - Desktop PC)
s dung trong van phong, cong s cho ca nhan hay may tram
trong mang.
- May tnh chu (Server PC) dung lam may chu trong mang.
- May tnh cong nghiep (Industrial PC) dung trong moi
trng cong nghiep, chu ieu kien khac nghiet ve moi trng
nh nhiet o, o am, chan ong, va cham va yeu cau cao ve o
cng, ran chac, chong va ap va xac suat h hong thap.
- May tnh panel (Panel PC) co man hnh va ban phm ket
hp va gan tren bang ieu khien, thong thng man hnh loai
tinh the long TFT LCD, mot so man hnh touchscreen vi phm
bam lap trnh trc tiep tren man hnh.
- May tnh kieu nhung (Embedded PC) co may tnh (vi x ly)
c ket hp vao mot thiet b khac (nhung).
Cau tao may tnh thong thng co nguon cap ien,
mainboard gom CPU, bo nh, cac chip ieu khien phu tr chipset,
a cng, a mem, a CD va cac ranh cam dung cho cac card m
rong ISA, EISA, VESA, PCI, va cac au noi cho may in, man
hnh, ban phm, chuot, modem, USB (Universal Serial Bus), Fire
Wire, hong ngoai (IrDA), mang
May tnh cong nghiep che tao di dang cac board cam tren
mot e, mainboard cha CPU cung che tao di dang board cam,
a cng oi khi c thay bang a the ran (SSD - Solid State
Disk) thc chat la bo nh khong boc hi lap trnh c, dung
CHNG 3: GIAO TIEP QUA RANH CAM MAY TNH
53
lng co the len en 1 Gbyte, co van toc nhanh hn va ben hn a

cng (xem phu luc 2).
May tnh s dung trong he thong o lng ieu khien phai
giao tiep vi ngoai vi, co nhieu cach giao tiep nh:
-
Qua cac card o lng, ieu khien gan vao ranh cam tren
mainboard may tnh.
Giao tiep qua cong may in song song
Giao tiep qua cong noi tiep RS-232
Giao tiep qua cong noi tiep USB, Fire Wire
Giao tiep dung cong hong ngoai
Hnh 3.1 Mainboard Pentium II va Pentium IV
Trong chng 3 se tap trung phan tch cach giao tiep qua
ranh cam.
http://www.khvt.com
Tac gia: TS Nguyen c Thanh
54
3.1 GIAO TIEP RANH ISA

Ranh cam thong dung nhat la ranh ISA (Industry Standard
Architecture) do IBM a ra nam 1980 cho may 8086 XT
(Extended Technology), sau o la ISA 16 bit cho may AT
(Advanced Technology) va tr thanh chuan AT Bus. Hien nay cac
mainboard P4 khong con ranh cam nay tuy nhien viec nghien cu
ranh cam ISA van la can thiet. Ranh cam ISA co mau en tren
mainboard gom hai phan, phan au 62 chan, moi hang 31 chan
dung cho trao oi d lieu 8 bit, phan th hai 36 chan, moi hang
18 chan dung ho tr them khi can d lieu 16 bit. S o chan
ranh cam c cho trong hnh 3.2.
Hnh 3.2: S o chan ranh cam ISA
Sau ay la y ngha van tat cac tn hieu cua ranh cam (dau -
trc bao tn hieu la tch cc thap).
HCMC, Thang 4 nam 2006
55
Bang 3.1
SA19 SAO (System Address bus 19 0) (I/O)
Tuyen a ch 20 bit dung truy cap bo nh 1

Mbyte va ngoai vi. Co the dung vi LA23 LA17
truy cap 16 Mbyte bo nh. Khi truy cap ngoai vi
dung 16 bit thap cho phep truy cap 64K a ch
ngoai vi. che o oc hay ghi khi BALE mc
cao, a ch c xuat ra va c cai lai canh
xuong cua BALE. Cac tn hieu nay c ieu
khien bi vi x ly hay bo ieu khien DMA nhng
cung co the c chiem bi card ieu khien gan
vao ranh cam
LA23 LA17 (Unlatched Address bus 23 17)(I/O)
Dung cung vi SA190 e truy cap 16 Mbyte bo

nh, khong c cai lai
AEN (Address Enable) (O)
Cho phep bo ieu khien DMA chiem tuyen cua vi

x ly khi mc cao
BALE (Buffered Address Latch Enable) (O)
Dung e cai a ch LA23 17 hay dung e giai

ma cac a ch nay.
CLK (System Clock) (O)

SD15
Xung nhp 4.77 MHz
SD0 (System Data) (I/O)
16 bit d lieu
DACK0 DACK3, DACK5 DACK7
0 3 va 5 7 dung thong bao cho biet vi x ly

chap nhan DMA khi co yeu cau cac chan
DRQ0 DRQ3 va DRQ5 DRQ7
(DMA Acknowledge) (O)

DRQ0 DRQ3, DRQ5 DRQ7
Dung khi ngoai vi yeu cau chiem tuyen cua vi x
(DMA Requests) (I)
ly ISA phuc vu cho DMA (Direct Access Memory)

e trao oi thong tin trc tiep vi bo nh. DRQ
se mc cao cho en khi DACK tng ng
mc thap
IOCHCK (I/O Channel Check) (I)
mc cao khi co loi, ngoai ra co the do board

ISA ieu khien e yeu cau ngat NMI
IOCHRDY (I/O Channel Ready) (I)
Cho phep cac board cham bat vi x ly ch bang

cach keo ng nay xuong thap khi ang chu
ky oc viet, luc o vi x ly se vao chu ky ch cho
en khi ng nay len mc cao
IOR (Read) (I/O)
Bao ngoai vi xuat d lieu ra tuyen
IOW (Write) (I/O)
Bao ngoai vi oc d lieu tren tuyen
IRQ9 IRQ12, IRQ14 IRQ15 IRQ3 IRQ7
Tn hieu vao bao ngoai vi can ngat, IRQ se
(Interrupt Requests)
mc cao cho en khi vi x ly chap nhan bang
SMEMR (System Memory Read)(O)
ieu khien bo nh di 1 MB xuat d lieu ra
chng trnh phuc vu ngat
http://www.khvt.com
56
SMEMW (System Memory Write) (O)
ieu khien ghi d lieu vao bo nh di 1 Mbyte
MEMR (Memory Read) (O)
Dung e oc d lieu t bo nh
MEMW (Memory Write) (O)
Ghi d lieu vao bo nh
REFRESH (Memory Refresh) (I/O)
mc thap nhat trong chu ky lam ti bo nh
OSC (Oscillator) (O)
Xung nhp 14.31818 MHz.
RESET DRV (Reset Drive) (O)
Tn hieu reset, mc cao khi boot may
TC (Terminal Count) (O)
Bao a em het trong hoat ong DMA
MASTER (I)
Khi board ISA co yeu cau DMA nhan c DACK,

no se cho Master mc thap e kiem soat cac
tuyen
MEM CS16 (Memory Chip Select 16) (I)
mc thap khi truyen d lieu 16 bit vi bo nh
IO CS16 (Chip Select 16) (I)
Do ngoai vi dieu khien
mc thap khi muon
truyen d lieu 16 bit

OWS (Zero Wait State) (I)
Do ngoai vi ieu khien mc thap cho biet

khong can trang thai ch
SBHE (System Byte High Enable)
mc thap khi truyen byte cao
Thong qua ranh cam ISA co the truy cap 1024 a ch ngoai
vi t 000 en 3FF, trong o mot so a s dung cho cac thiet b co
san cua may tnh nh trong bang 3.2:
Bang 3. 2: Cac a ch ngoai vi a s dung cua mot may Pentium 2
000 00F
Truy cap bo nh trc tiep ( DMA Direct memory access controller)
020 021
ieu khien ngat ( PIC Programmable interrupt controller)
040 043
Timer he thong (System timer)
060 060
Ban phm ( Keyboard)
061 061
Loa trong ( System speaker)
064 064
Ban phm
070 071
RAM he thong va ong ho thi gian thc (System CMOS/ RTC)
081 083
DMA
087 087
DMA
089 08B
DMA
08F 091
DMA
0A0 0A1
PIC
0C0 0DF
DMA
0F0 0FF
ong x ly so hoc (Numeric data processor)
168 16F
ieu khien a cng (Standard IDE/ESDI Hard Disk Controller)

170 177
ieu khien IDE (Secondary IDE controller Intel 82371 AB/EB )
1F0 1F7
ieu khien IDE (Primary IDE controller)
201 201
Que tro chi (Game port Joystick)
208 20F
Danh cho mainboard (Motherboard resources)
220 22F
Card am thanh (ES 1868 Plug and Play Audio Drive)
274 277
IO read data port for ISA Plug and Play enumerator
2F8 2FF
Cong truyen thong 2 (COM2)
330 331
Card am thanh
36E 36F
ieu khien a cng (Standard IDE/ESDI Hard Disk Controller)
376 376
ieu khien IDE (Secondary IDE controller)
378 37F
Cong song song (LPT1)
388 38B
Card am thanh
3B0 3BB
Card video S3 Inc. Trio3D/2X (Engineering Release)
3C0 3DF
Card video S3 Inc. Trio3D/2X (Engineering Release)
3F2 3F5
iieu khien o a mem (Standard Floppy Disk Controller)
3F6 3F6
ieu khien IDE (Primary IDE controller)
3F8 3FF
Cong truyen thong 1 (COM1)
57
Cac thiet b ngoai vi thng dung ngat e tac ong en CPU

yeu cau lam viec g o bang cach a chan IRQ len mc cao. Cac
chan nay thng c danh san cho cac thiet b cu the
Bang 3. 3: Cac ngat cua mot may Pentium 2
0
Timer he thong
Ban phm
PIC
Cong truyen thong 2
Cong truyen thong 1
Card am thanh
ieu khien o a mem
Cong song song (LPT1)
RAM he thong va ong ho thi gian thc
Modem (Motorola SM56 PCI Speakerphone Modem)
IRQ cho PCI
10
ieu khien o a cng
11
ieu khien USB (Inter 8237-1 AB/EB PCI to USB Universal Host Controller)
11
IRQ cho PCI
http://www.khvt.com
58
12
Chuot PS/2
13
ong x ly so hoc
14
ieu khien IDE th nhat
15
ieu khien IDE th hai
Tuyen ISA co nhieu chan nhng thc te s dung ta ch can cac

ng a ch SA0..SA9, d lieu SD0..SD15, ieu khien IOR, -IOW,
AEN, -IOCS16, -SBHE, ngo vao ngat IRQ, xung nhp CLK va
nguon. Cac ngoai vi c goi la port thng la 8 bit va viec xuat
nhap thc hien theo 8 bit, neu xuat nhap 16 bit th dung hai port
a ch ke nhau
Hnh 3.3 Gian o thi gian
59
Viec thiet ke card ISA xuat nhap 8 bit tng oi n gian, bao
gom mach giai ma a ch, mach chot d lieu ra va mach em d
lieu vao. V du s dung a ch 300 ta dung mach logic tao tn hieu
/CS, mach chot va em dung vi mach 74LS373
Hnh 3.4: S o nguyen ly xuat nhap
3.2 GII THIEU MOT SO IC THNG DUNG

3.2.1 Vi mach ADC va DAC
ADC0804: ADC 8bit xap x lien tiep (National Semiconductor)
http://www.khvt.com
60
ADC0808/0809: ADC 8 kenh 8 bit
Chon kenh: cac chan ABC dung e chon mot trong 8 ngo vao analog, viec chon thc
hien canh len cua chan ALE.
Chuyen oi: START co mot xung dng, lam EOC xuong 0, sau thi gian chuyen oi
EOC len mc 1.
oc d lieu: OE=1, N= 256*(VIN-VREF(-))/(VREF(+)-VREF(-))
ICL7109:ADC tch phan 12bit nh phan(Harris Semiconductor)

Ket qua chuyen oi ien ap vi sai gia hai chan INHI va INLO c xuat ra 12 bit
B12..B1 theo cong thc N=2048*VIN/VREF, cc tnh ien ap ch bi POL (logic 1: dng),
neu qua tam OR on. Cac chan nay trang thai tong tr cao. Khi chuyen oi xong chan
STATUS logic 0. ien ap gia V+ va REF OUT la 2.8 V on nh. ICL7109 co nhieu cach e
oc ket qua. Neu chan MODE e h la che o DIRECT, /CELOAD =0, /HBEN=0, /LBEN=0 th
cac chan d lieu tch cc.
61
AD7524: DAC 8 BIT
AD7845: DAC 12 BIT
3.2.2 Vi mach giao tiep so
8255: xuat nhap song song 24 bit gom ba port A, B, C va thanh ghi
ieu khien. Co ba mode hoat ong.
Mode 0: vao ra trc tiep, cac port xuat nhap oc lap
Mode 1: vao ra bat tay, Port A va Port B xuat hay nhap vi tn hieu ieu khien t port C.
Mode 2: vao ra hai hng cho Port A v tn hieu ieu khien t PC cao
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62
8254: em/ nh th, gom ba bo em lui nh phan 16 bit va thanh

ghi ieu khien. Moi bo em co 6 mode, xung nhp vao CLK, tn
hieu ra OUT va tn hieu ieu khien GATE
63
3.2.3 Vi mach giai ma

74LS138: Giai ma 3 ra 8
74LS139: hai bo giai ma 2 ra 4
74LS 682: so sanh nh phan 8 bit
3.3 MOT SO CARD ISA

Sau ay trnh bay card peripheral adapter 16 bit va hai card
thu thap so lieu gan vao ranh ISA (Hnh 3.5, 3.6, 3.7).
Card peripheral adapter s dung hai vi mach 74245 em
tuyen hai chieu cho so lieu, hai vi mach 74244 em tuyen a ch
va ieu khien. Vi mach 74138 giai ma a ch 300 en 3FF, khi
truy cap vung a ch nay, chan Y4 cua U5 (/IO decode) xuong
thap a vao U8 (74LS244) cho phep xuat ra ng MEMW va
I/O decode 8 bit. Cau noi 8/16 bit cho phep chon che o 8 bit hay
16 bit. Khi chon che o 8 bit (cau noi h). th 8 bit cao c
truyen khi ng a ch Ao mc cao (a ch le) va 8 bit thap
c truyen khi ng a ch Ao mc thap (a ch chan)
Mach chuyen oi AD va DA 8 bit trnh bay hnh 3.6, 3.7.
Hnh 3.8 la mach chuyen oi AD dung IC 7109.
Vi mach ADC ICL 7109 chuyen oi tn hieu analog ra dang
so nh phan 12 bit va ghep noi vi may tn qua vi mach giao tiep
http://www.khvt.com
64
song song 8255 dung hai port A va B, port C ieu khien cac chan
LBEN. HBEN, R/H
Vi mach ICL 7109 hoat ong mode direct, khi R/H = 1
chuyen oi lien tuc, khi R/H = 0 se ngng chuyen oi..
Khi /LBEN mc 0 th xuat byte thap ra port A, khi /HBEN
mc 0 xuat byte cao gom 4 bit d lieu cao, PDL (cc tnh), OR
(qua tam) va Status (trang thai)
Qua trnh oc ket qua nh sau:
Cho R/H len mc cao e bat au chuyen oi, sau o ch
Status xuong mc 0 oi xong, roi cho LBEN va HBEN mc 0 e
oc d lieu vao.
Hnh 3.9 la bo em dung IC 8254.
Hnh 3.10 a va b trnh bay mach giao tiep 16 bit dung 2 IC
8255
65
Hnh 3.5: Peripheral Adapter 16 bit
http://www.khvt.com
66
Hnh 3.6: 8 bit Interface Card
67
Hnh 3.7: Mach chuyen oi AD va DA
http://www.khvt.com
68
Hnh 3.8: Card chuyen oi AD 12 bit
Hnh 3.9: Mach em dung 8254 giao tiep may tnh
http://www.khvt.com
TRANG 69
TAC GIA: TIEN S NGUYEN C THANH
TRANG 70
Phng trnh cua PAL 16V8

!CS1n = (!IORn # !IOWn) & !AEN & !P_EQ_Qn;
!ENAn = (!IORn # !IOWn) & !AEN & !P_EQ_Qn;
DIR = !IORn & IOWn;
Mach giao tiep song song 16 bit slot ISA,

phan em va giai ma a ch
Hnh 3.10a:
Hnh 3.10b:
TRANG 71
Mach giao tiep song song 16 bit slot ISA, phan

xuat nhap ngoai vi
http://www.khvt.com
TRANG 72
3.4 GIAO TIEP QUA RANH CAM PCI

Ranh cam PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) co mau
trang tren mainboard cho phep giao tiep ngoai vi 32 hay 64 bit van
toc nhanh en 132 Mbyte/s so vi ranh cam ISA 16 bit co van toc
35 Mbyte/s.
Nh van toc cao nen ranh PCI thng dung cho card man
hnh, sau o no c s dung e cho cac card khac nh card
mang, modem noi, am thanh va dan dan cac mainboard i mi
khong danh cho cho ranh ISA na.
Cac hang nh Advantech, Data translation cung a san xuat
card giao tiep ngoai vi cho may tnh dung ranh PCI.
Ranh PCI 64 bit co hai hang tiep iem, moi ben 94 tiep iem
pha A la pha linh kien con pha B la pha han. Do tnh chat
phc tap cua tuyen va van toc tn hieu ln nen viec t rap card
giao tiep PCI kho thc hien ma phai dung card chnh hang.
Nam 1998 cac hang Compaq, Hewlett - Packard, IBM phoi
hp a ra chuan PCI-X (PCI Express) co ac tnh tot hn.
Tuyen PCI 32 bit s dung chung 32 ng a ch data ADO 31, pha a ch do tn hieu FRAME# ieu khien, sau o la mot
hay nhieu pha d lieu. Tuyen PCI 64 bit dung 64 ng ADO - 63
cho a ch va d lieu.
Co hai loai tuyen PCI mc tn hieu 5V va mc tn hieu 3,3V
Sau ay la mo ta cac tn hieu cua PCI:
CLK
Xung nhp 33MHz, 66MHz
RST#
Tn hieu reset
ADO AD31
Tuyen a ch khi FRAME# mc thap
C/BEO 3# BUS
Cho biet loai cua truyen d lieu (oc/viet bo nh, ngoai vi)
(Command BytesEnables)
PAR
Kiem tra parity cua ADO31 va C/BEO3
IRDY# (Initiator Ready)

TRDY# (Target Ready)
Hai d lieu bat tay gia bo phat va bo nhan d lieu tren tuyen
PCI
STOP#
Tn hieu target bao cho initiator e cham dt giao dch,

initiator la chu cua tuyen (bus master) con target la bus slave.
TRANG 73
Viec truyen d lieu do initiator bat au thong qua C/BE va

IRDY con target tra li thong qua TRDY# va STOP#
LOCK#
Tn hieu initiator bao danh rieng mot so a ch cua target.
IDSEL (Initialigation Devia
Tn hieu chon chip
Select)
DEVSEL# (Device Select):
Cua no tren tuyen PCI do target ieu khien khi no thay a ch

cua no tren tuyen PCI
REQ#
Yeu cau dung bus (request)
GNT#
Cho biet yeu cau
REQ#
a c chap nhan (grant)
PERR# (Parity Error)

SERR# (System Error)
Sai he thong
INTA#, INTB#, INIC#,
Cac tn hieu ngat
INID#
SBO # (Snoop Backoff)
SDONE (Snoop done)
Dung cho card memory
PRSNT 1 2#
Cho biet co board cam vao slot va cong suat tieu thu cua
board o
CLKRUN# (Clock
Cho phep ieu khien xung nhp CLK
Running)
MGGEN (66 MHz enable)
Cho biet xung nhp 33 MHz hay 66 MHz
AD 32 63
32 ng a ch va d lieu cao trong PCI 64 bit.
C/BE 4 7#
Dung khi truyen 64 bit ket hp vi REQ 64# va ACK 64#,

PAR 64
REQ 64# (Request 64 bit

transfer)
ACK 64# (Acknowledge 64
bit transfer)
TCK (Test clock)

TDI (Test data input)
TDO (Test output)
TMS (Test mode Select)
TRST# (Test Reset)
Cac tn hieu th
Bang 3.5 cho v tr cac tn hieu tren slot, chi tiet hn e ngh
oc website www-techfest.com
ac iem cua cac board cam tren tuyen PCI la d lieu co the
truyen khong thong qua CPU chu do o van toc x ly tn hieu nhanh
http://www.khvt.com
TRANG 74
hn.
Card DT 300 cua hang Data Translation cho phep oi 16 tn
hieu analog ra so phan giai 16 bit vi van toc 250.000 mau/sec,
oi so ra analog hai kenh 16 bit, xuat nhap digital 23 bit.
Bang 3.5: S o chan ranh cam PCI 64 bit
Pin
5V system environment
side B
side A
-12V
TRST#
TCK
3
4
Pin
3.3V system environment

side B
side A
-12V
TRST#
+12V
TCK
+12V
Ground
TMS
Ground
TMS
TDO
TDI
TDO
TDI
+5V
+5V
+5V
+5V
+5V
INTA#
+5V
INTA#
INTB#
INTC#
INTB#
INTC#
INTD#
+5V
INTD#
+5V
PRSNT1#
Reserved
PRSNT1#
Reserved
comments
32-bit start
10
Reserved
+5V (I/O)
10
Reserved
+3.3V (I/O)
11
PRSNT2#
Reserved
11
PRSNT2#
Reserved
12
Ground
Ground
12
Connector Key
3.3V key
13
Ground
Ground
13
Connector Key
3.3V key
14
Reserved
Reserved
14
Reserved
Reserved
15
Ground
RST#
15
Ground
RST#
16
CLK
+5V (I/O)
16
CLK
17
Ground
GNT#
17
Ground
+3.3V (I/O)
18
REQ#
Ground
18
REQ#
Ground
19
+5V (I/O)
Reserved
19
+3.3V (I/O)
Reserved
20
AD[31]
AD[30]
20
AD[31]
AD[30]
21
AD[29]
+3.3V
21
AD[29]
+3.3V
22
Ground
AD[28]
22
Ground
AD[28]
23
AD[27]
AD[26]
23
AD[27]
AD[26]
24
AD[25]
Ground
24
AD[25]
Ground
25
+3.3V
AD[24]
25
+3.3V
AD[24]
26
C/BE[3]#
IDSEL
26
C/BE[3]#
IDSEL
27
AD[23]
+3.3V
27
AD[23]
+3.3V
28
Ground
AD[22]
28
Ground
AD[22]
29
AD[21]
AD[20]
29
AD[21]
AD[20]
30
AD[19]
Ground
30
AD[19]
Ground

31
+3.3V
AD[18]
31
TRANG 75
+3.3V
http://www.khvt.com
AD[18]
TRANG 76
Bang 3.5 (tiep theo)

32
AD[17]
AD[16]
32
AD[17]
AD[16]
33
C/BE[2]#
+3.3V
33
C/BE[2]#
+3.3V
34
Ground
FRAME#
34
Ground
FRAME#
35
IRDY#
Ground
35
IRDY#
Ground
36
+3.3V
TRDY#
36
+3.3V
TRDY#
37
DESVEL#
Ground
37
DESVEL#
Ground
38
Ground
STOP#
38
Ground
STOP#
39
LOCK#
3.3V
39
LOCK#
3.3V
40
PERR#
SDONE
40
PERR#
SDONE
41
+3.3V
SBO#
41
+3.3V
SBO#
42
SERR#
Ground
42
SERR#
Ground
43
+3.3V
PAR
43
+3.3V
PAR
44
C/BE[1]#
AD[15]
44
C/BE[1]#
AD[15]
45
AD[14]
+3.3V
45
AD[14]
+3.3V
46
Ground
AD[13]
46
Ground
AD[13]
47
AD[12]
AD[11]
47
AD[12]
AD[11]
48
AD[10]
Ground
48
AD[10]
Ground
49
Ground
AD[09]
49
M66EN
AD[09]
50
Connector Key
50
Ground
Ground
5V key
51
Connector Key
51
Ground
Ground
5V key
52
AD[08]
C/BE[0]#
52
AD[08]
C/BE[0]#
53
AD[07]
+3.3V
53
AD[07]
+3.3V
54
+3.3V
AD[06]
54
+3.3V
AD[06]
55
AD[05]
AD[04]
55
AD[05]
AD[04]
56
AD[03]
Ground
56
AD[03]
Ground
57
Ground
AD[02]
57
Ground
AD[02]
58
AD[01]
AD[00]
58
AD[01]
AD[00]
59
+5V (I/O)
+5V (I/O)
59
3.3V (I/O)
3.3V (I/O)
60
ACK 64#
REQ 64#
60
ACK 64#
REQ 64#
61
+5V
+5V
61
+5V
+5V
62
+5V
+5V
62
+5V
+5V
32-bit end
Connector Key
Connector Key
64-bit spacer
Connector Key
Connector Key
64-bit spacer
TRANG 77

63
Reserved
Ground
63
Reserved
Ground
64
Ground
C/BE[7]#
64
Ground
C/BE[7]#
65
C/BE[6]#
C/BE[5]#
65
C/BE[6]#
C/BE[5]#
66
C/BE[4]#
+5V (I/O)
66
C/BE[4]#
3.3V (I/O)
67
Ground
PAR 64
67
Ground
PAR 64
68
AD[63]
AD[62]
68
AD[63]
AD[62]
69
AD[61]
Ground
69
AD[61]
Ground
70
+5V (I/O)
AD[60]
70
+3.3V (I/O)
AD[60]
71
AD[59]
AD[58]
71
AD[59]
AD[58]
72
AD[57]
Ground
72
AD[57]
Ground
73
Ground
AD[56]
73
Ground
AD[56]
74
AD[55]
AD[54]
74
AD[55]
AD[54]
75
AD[53]
+5V (I/O)
75
AD[53]
+3.3V (I/O)
76
Ground
AD[52]
76
Ground
AD[52]
77
AD[51]
AD[50]
77
AD[51]
AD[50]
78
AD[49]
Ground
78
AD[49]
Ground
79
+5V (I/O)
AD[48]
79
+3.3V (I/O)
AD[48]
80
AD[47]
AD[46]
80
AD[47]
AD[46]
81
AD[45]
Ground
81
AD[45]
Ground
82
Ground
AD[44]
82
Ground
AD[44]
83
AD[43]
AD[42]
83
AD[43]
AD[42]
84
AD[41]
+5V (I/O)
84
AD[41]
+3.3V (I/O)
85
Ground
AD[40]
85
Ground
AD[40]
86
AD[39]
AD[38]
86
AD[39]
AD[38]
87
AD[37]
Ground
87
AD[37]
Ground
88
+5V (I/O)
AD[36]
88
+3.3V (I/O)
AD[36]
89
AD[35]
AD[34]
89
AD[35]
AD[34]
90
AD[33]
Ground
90
AD[33]
Ground
91
Ground
AD[32]
91
Ground
AD[32]
92
Reserved
Reserved
92
Reserved
Reserved
93
Reserved
Ground
93
Reserved
Ground
94
Ground
Reserved
94
Ground
Reserved
http://www.khvt.com
64-bit start
64-bit end
TRANG 78
Hnh 3.11: S o khoi card DT300 cua hang Data Translation
79
Bang 3.6: Lenh PCI (t C/BE#)

C/BE#
Lenh
C/BE#
Lenh
0000
Chap nhan ngat
1000
D tr
0001
Chu ky ac biet
1001
D tr
0010
oc Ngoai vi xuat nhap
1010
oc Cau hnh (Vi IDSEL)
0011
Ghi Ngoai vi xuat nhap
1011
Ghi Cau hnh (Vi IDSEL)
0100
D tr
1100
oc nhieu o nh
0101
D tr
1101
Chu ky a ch kep
0110
oc bo nh
1110
ng oc bo nh
0111
Ghi bo nh
1111
Ghi bo nh va cam
Hnh 3.12: Gian o thi gian truyen 4 t kep (32 bit) t Initiator
(master) en target (slave) (nguon www.xilinx.com)
http://www.khvt.com
TRANG 80
Hnh 3.13: Gian o thi gian oc 2 t kep target en Initiator
(nguon www.xilinx.com)
Hnh 3.14: Gian o truyen PCI 64 bit
81
3.5 THIET KE CARD GIAO TIEP RANH PCI

Trong muc trc chung ta a nghien cu cac card ISA, viec
thiet ke cac card nay tng oi n gian. Do cac mainboard i
mi khong con ho tr tuyen ISA nen chung ta phai chuyen sang
s dung tuyen PCI bang cach mua cac card chuyen dung cua cac
hang vi phan mem kem theo. Do s phc tap cua tuyen PCI,
viec t thiet ke va che tao card PCI tng oi kho khan, oi hoi
s dung cac linh kien FPGA co mat o tch hp cao, mach in
nhieu lp va cong nghe dan, ngoai ra viec lap trnh cho card nay
cung khong phai de dang ma phai thong qua cac ham Windows
API. Viec thiet ke se tr nen de dang hn neu dung cac bo PCI
development kit co san. Cac bo kit nay giup tao cac ng dung
PCI khac nhau cung vi software kem theo.
Cau truc chung card PCI nh sau (Hnh 3.15):
http://www.khvt.com
TRANG 82
Phan t chnh trong card la vi mach PCI Controller dung

lam cau noi gia tuyen PCI va mach ngi dung, che tao bi cac
hang theo cong nghe ASIC, v du nh PCI9050/9054 cua PLX
Technologies, ispLSI 1032E cua Lattice Phan t th hai la
EEPROM dung e cha thong tin ve card phuc vu cho PnP (Plug
and Play) khi khi ong may tnh. User Bus gom tuyen d lieu 16
bit, tuyen a ch va tuyen ieu khien dung ket noi vi cac linh
kien thong thng. Thong qua Development Kit chung ta co the
hoc tap cach thiet ke card. Mot card tieu bieu la PCI-Proto
LAB/PLX-M vi mach (www.pci-tools.com) hoac card PIKS-161
(www.komcard.com)
83
Bang 3.7: Card thu nhap so lieu va ieu khien ISA SLOT hang
Advantech (www.advantech.com)
PCL-10501
Adapter, analog I/O
PCL-812PG
Multilap Analog and

Digital I/O Card
PCL-813B
32-channel S.E. Isolated
channels to DB-37
connector
PCL-10502
Digital I/O port extender
A/D Card
PCL-10503
Adapter, dual flat cables to

DB-37 connector
PCL-816
16-bit High-resolution
DAS Card
PCL-1800
330 kS/s, 12-bit HighSpeed Multifunction Card
PCL-816-DA-1
2-channel D/A Module for

PCL-816
PCL-711B
8-channel 25 kHz
PCL-818H
16-channel 100 kHz
Multifunction DAS Card
PCL-711S
8-channel 25 kHz
PCL-818HD
16-channel 100 kHz

PCL-720
Digital I/O and Counter

Card
PCL-818HG
16-channel 100 kHz Highgain DAS Card
PCL-722
144-bit Digital I/O Card
PCL-818L
16-channel 40 kHz
PCL-724
PCL-818LS
16-channel 40 kHz
PCL-725
Relay Actuator and

Isolated D/I Card
PCL-832
3-Axis Servo Motor

Control Card
PCL-726
6-channel D/A Output Card
PCL-833
3-Axis Quadrature
Encoder and Counter
Card
PCL-727
12-channel D/A Output

Card
PCL-836
6-channel Counter/Timer
Card
PCL-728
Isolated 2-channel D/A

Output Card
PCL-839
3-axis Stepping Motor

Control Card
PCL-730
32-channel Isolated Digital
PCL-841
Dual-port Isolated CAN-
I/O Card
bus Interface Card
http://www.khvt.com
TRANG 84

PCL-731
PCL-844 plus
8-port Intelligent RS232/422 Card
PCL-733
PCL-846
4-port High Speed RS-
Input Card
422/485 Interface Cards
PCL-734

Output Card
PCL-849
4-port RS-232 Interface

Cards
PCL-735
12-channel Relay Actuator

Card
PCL-858
8-port High-speed RS232 Communication Card
PCL-740
1-port RS-
PCLD-7216
16-channel SSR I/O

Module Carrier Board
232/422/485/current-loop
Serial Interface Card
PCL-741
2-port Isolated RS-
PCLD -782
16-channel Opto-isolated
D/I Boards
232/current-Loop Interface
Card
PCL-743B
2-port RS-422/485
Interface Card
PCLD -782B
24-channel Opto-isolated
D/I Boards
PCL-743S
2-port RS-422/485 Cards
PCLD -785
16-channel Relay Output

Boards
with 2500 VDC Surge

Protection
PCL-745B
PCLD -785B
16/24-channel Relay
Output Boards
PCLD -786
18-channel SSR I/O

Module Carrier Board
PCLD -788
16-channel Relay
with 3000 VDC isolation

protection
PCL-745S

with 3000 VDC Isolation
and Surge protection
PCL-746
4-port RS-232/RS-422/RS-
plus
485 Interface Card
PCL-747
Multiport RS-232/RS-422
Controller
PCLD -789D
Amplifier and Multiplexer

Board
PCL-752
Intelligent System
Monitoring Card
PCLD -885
16-channel Power Relay

Output Board
Multiplexer Board
Hnh 3.15: Card PCL818 va PCL832 hang Advantech
http://www.khvt.com
85
TRANG 86
Bang 3.8: Card thu nhap so lieu va ieu khien PCI SLOT hang
Advantech (www.advantech.com)
PCI-1240
4-Axis Steeping/Pulse-type Servo
PCI-
100 kS/s, 12-bit Multifunction Card
Motor Control Card
1710L
w/o Analog Output
PCI-
100 kS/s, 12-bit, 16-ch S.E. input
1711
Low-Cost Multi-function Card
PCI-1601B 2-port RS-422/485 PCI Comm Card, PCI-
100 MS/s, 12-bit High-Speed
PCI-1601A 2-port RS-422/485 PCI Comm

Card
w/Surge Protection
PCI-1602A 2-port RS-422/485 PCI Comm Card,
w/Isolation Protection
PCI-1602B 2-port RS-422/485 PCI Comm
Card, w/Isolation and Surge
1712
Multifunction Card
PCI-
100 MS/s, 12-bit High-Speed
1712L
Multifunction Card
PCI-
100 kS/s, 12-bit, 32-channel
1713
Isolated Analog Input Card
PCI-
4-channel Isolated D/A Output Card
Protection
PCI-1610A 4-port RS-232 PCI Comm Card
1720
PCI-1610B 4-port RS-232 PCI Comm Card,
PCI-
100 kS/s, 12-bit, 16-ch S.E. inputs
w/Surge Protection
1731
Low-Cost Multi-function Card w/o

Analog Output
PCI-1612A 4-port RS-232/422/485 PCI

Comm Card
PCI-1612B 4-port RS-232/422/485 PCI
Comm Card, w/Surge Protection
PCI-1620A 8-port RS-232 PCI Comm Card
PCI-
32-channel Isolated DIO/Counter
1750
Card
PCI-
48-bit Digital I/O Card for PCI Bus
1751
PCI-
64-channel Isolated Digital Output
1752
Card
PCI-1620B 8-port RS-232 PCI Comm Card,
PCI-
96/192-bit Digital I/O Card
w/Surge Protection
1753
8-port Intelligent RS-232/422
PCI-
64-channel Isolated Digital Input
Card, with PCI Bus
1754
Card
100 kS/s, 12-bit Multifunction
PCI-
Card
1756
Input/Output Card
PCI-
100 kS/s, 12-bit High-Gain
PCI-
8-ch Isolated Digital Input and 8-ch
1710HG
Multifunction Card
1760
Relay Output Card
PCI-
100 kS/s, 12-bit High-Gain
PCI-
16-ch Isolated Digital Input and 16-
1710HGL
Multifunction Card w/o Analog
1762
ch Relay Output Card
PCI-1625
PCI-1710
Output

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Chng

GIAO TIEP QUA RANH CAM MAY TNH

CHNG 3: GIAO TIEP QUA RANH CAM MAY TNH

lng co the len en 1 Gbyte, co van toc nhanh hn va ben hn a

Giao tiep qua cong may in song song

Giao tiep qua cong noi tiep RS-232

Giao tiep qua cong noi tiep USB, Fire Wire

Giao tiep dung cong hong ngoai

Hnh 3.1 Mainboard Pentium II va Pentium IV

Tac gia: TS Nguyen c Thanh

3.1 GIAO TIEP RANH ISA

Hnh 3.2: S o chan ranh cam ISA

HCMC, Thang 4 nam 2006

CHNG 3: GIAO TIEP QUA RANH CAM MAY TNH

Tuyen a ch 20 bit dung truy cap bo nh 1

LA23 LA17 (Unlatched Address bus 23 17)(I/O)

Dung cung vi SA190 e truy cap 16 Mbyte bo

AEN (Address Enable) (O)

Cho phep bo ieu khien DMA chiem tuyen cua vi

BALE (Buffered Address Latch Enable) (O)

Dung e cai a ch LA23 17 hay dung e giai

CLK (System Clock) (O)

Xung nhp 4.77 MHz

SD0 (System Data) (I/O)

DACK0 DACK3, DACK5 DACK7

0 3 va 5 7 dung thong bao cho biet vi x ly

(DMA Acknowledge) (O)

Dung khi ngoai vi yeu cau chiem tuyen cua vi x

(DMA Requests) (I)

ly ISA phuc vu cho DMA (Direct Access Memory)

IOCHCK (I/O Channel Check) (I)

mc cao khi co loi, ngoai ra co the do board

IOCHRDY (I/O Channel Ready) (I)

Cho phep cac board cham bat vi x ly ch bang

IOR (Read) (I/O)

Bao ngoai vi xuat d lieu ra tuyen

IOW (Write) (I/O)

Bao ngoai vi oc d lieu tren tuyen

IRQ9 IRQ12, IRQ14 IRQ15 IRQ3 IRQ7

Tn hieu vao bao ngoai vi can ngat, IRQ se

mc cao cho en khi vi x ly chap nhan bang

SMEMR (System Memory Read)(O)

ieu khien bo nh di 1 MB xuat d lieu ra

chng trnh phuc vu ngat

Tac gia: TS Nguyen c Thanh

ieu khien ghi d lieu vao bo nh di 1 Mbyte

MEMR (Memory Read) (O)

MEMW (Memory Write) (O)

Ghi d lieu vao bo nh

REFRESH (Memory Refresh) (I/O)

mc thap nhat trong chu ky lam ti bo nh

OSC (Oscillator) (O)

Xung nhp 14.31818 MHz.

RESET DRV (Reset Drive) (O)

Tn hieu reset, mc cao khi boot may

TC (Terminal Count) (O)

Bao a em het trong hoat ong DMA

Khi board ISA co yeu cau DMA nhan c DACK,

MEM CS16 (Memory Chip Select 16) (I)

mc thap khi truyen d lieu 16 bit vi bo nh

IO CS16 (Chip Select 16) (I)

Do ngoai vi dieu khien

mc thap khi muon

truyen d lieu 16 bit