LP BI DNG NGN HN

Phn tch bi ton a k thut

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Phng php phn t hu hn
TS. Nguyn Hng Nam
H Ni, 1-2007

Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007

PLAXIS FINITE ELEMENT CODES

Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007

Li gii bi ton c hc vt rn
Lc khi v
lc mt, Fi, Ti

Tng hp
ng sut
ij

Phn tch bi ton a k thut

Chuyn v
ui

Cn bng

(Koseki, 1999)

Khi thit k cc bi ton a k thut cn phi xem xt:

n nh cc b, tng th cng trnh
Ni lc trong kt cu (lc dc, lc ct, m men)
Chuyn v ca cng trnh v t nn xung quanh
Chuyn v v ni lc kt cu xut hin trong cc cng trnh ln cn

Bin dng
ij
M hnh vt liu
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Cc phng php gii bi ton a k thut

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Kinh nghim thc t

Li gii l thuyt closed form
Phng php cn bng gii hn LEM (Limit equilibrium method)
Phng php s :
Sai phn hu hn
FD (Finite Difference)
Phn t bin
BE (Boundary element)
Phn t hu hn
FE (Finite element)
Phn t ri rc
DE (Distinct element)

Cc bc c bn ca phng php PTHH

Chia li phn t hu hn
Chuyn v ti cc nt l cc n s
Chuyn v bn trong phn t c
ni suy t cc gi tr chuyn v nt
M hnh vt liu (quan h ng sutbin dng)
iu kin bin v chuyn v, lc
Gii h phng trnh tng th cn
bng lc cho kt qu chuyn v nt
Tnh cc i lng khc (bin dng,
ng sut).

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Cc phn t c bn

M hnh bi ton
Phn t 6 im nt

Phn t 15 im nt

Li phn t hu hn

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Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007

Bin dng phng

i xng trc

(Plane strain)

(Axis-symmetry)

Bin dng

Chuyn v

Cc phn t bc cao 15 nt: S dng cc a thc bc 4

Phn t 6 im nt: Ni suy bc 2

u(x,y) = a0 + a1x + ...+ a15y4

v(x,y) = b0 + b1x + ...+ b15y4

u(x,y) = a0 + a1x + a2y + a3x2 + a4xy + a5y2

v(x,y) = b0 + b1x + b2y + b3x2 + b4xy + b5y2

Bin dng: Tnh t cc chuyn v.

i vi phn t 6 im nt:

Phn t 6 nt

Cch vit khc:

u = N1u1+N2u2+N3u3+N4u4+N5u5+N6u6=[N]{U}

xx =

u
= a1 + 2a3 x + a4 y
x

v
= b2 + b4 x + 2b5 y
x
u v
=
+
= ( b1 + a 2 )( a 4 + 2b3 ) x + ( 2a5 + b4 ) y
y x

v = N1v1+N2v2+N3v3+N4v4+N5v5+N6v6=[N]{V}

yy =

[N]: hm dng

xy
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Quan h chuyn v-bin dng

M hnh vt liu

= Bu e

Quan h ng sut-bin dng ca t rt phc tp. C th

n gin ho chng v mt s dng sau:
n hi tuyn tnh
n hi phi tuyn
n hi-do (Mohr-Coloumb)
Cam-clay
Hard soil
Soft soil

Trong : B-ma trn quan h bin dng-chuyn v

xx

= yy
xy

U1
V
1
U 2

U e = ...
...

U 6
V
6

Chn
m hnh no ?

Ui v Vi l chuyn v ti nt th i
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Quan h ng sut-bin dng

Bn cht ca t

nh lut Hooke

Cu trc vi m ca t l khng lin tc, bao gm cc ht t c

kch thc v hnh dng khc nhau
S sp xp cc ht t thin nhin khng u nhng thng c cu
trc do lin kt vt l/ho hc gia cc ht
S trt ca cc lin kt to ra s bin dng v m v thay i th
tch. Bn thn ht t cng c th b bin dng.

= C
C l ma trn cng ca vt liu
i vi vt liu n hi, ng hng, bin dng phng

1
C=
(1 2 )(1 + )
0
0

2
E = M un n hi [kN/m ]
= H s Poisson [-]
E

0
1 2

2
0

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Ht ct (Goto, 1986)

Ht st (Sivakugan, 2001)

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Ma trn cng tng

Ma trn cng phn t

T hp tt c cc ma trn cng Ke cho ton b li

Lc nt Pe do: Lc khi v lc mt tc dng ln phn t
Quan h lc nt v chuyn v nt
Ke*Ue = Pe

Trong

Ke

l ma trn cng phn t

K e = BT CBdv

KU = P

P1x

P1 y
P2 x

P2 y
e
P =
...

...
P
6x
P
6y

Trong : C: Ma trn cng vt liu

B : ma trn tng quan bin dng-chuyn v

Ma trn dng bng K

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ng sut ban u

Phng php Ko

ng sut ban u th hin trng thi cn bng ca

khi t nguyn dng, bao gm:
- Trng lng t
- Lch s cht ti
ng sut ban u c to ra bi:
- Phng php Ko
- Phng php trng lc

ng sut ban u c tnh nh sau:

Phi bit h s p lc t Ko
Thun li: Khng lin quan n chuyn v
Kh khn: Khng cn bng i vi cc mt nghing

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Phng php trng lc

Phng php trng lc

B qua Phng php Ko, Mweight=0
Phase 1: Chn Plastic calculation, Total multipliers
t Mweight=1
Phase 2: Chn Reset displacements to zero loi b
cc chuyn v do trng lc gy ra

ng sut ban u do trng lng gy

ra
Thun li: Cn bng tho mn mi
trng hp
Kh khn: Tn ti chuyn v khng
hp l
i vi nn 1 trc:
'h = 'v

Ko =

v
1 v
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Phng php trng lc

Phng php trng lc

Ch :
i vi vt liu khng thot nc
Chn Ignore undrained behaviour trong Phase 1
ngn chn p lc l rng tng thm khng hp l
Phng php Ko c to t trc
Trong giai on ban u, lm li phng php Ko vi
Mweight=0 t li gi tr ng sut ban u bng 0

Phng php trng lc nn s dng trong cc

trng hp di y, thay th phng php Ko.

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n hi ng hng

Bin dng n hi v bin dng do

= e + p

Trong ,

e: bin dng n hi,

p: bin dng do,
p

Quan h ng sut -bin dng l tuyn tnh hoc phi tuyn

Khi cht ti ri d ti, vt liu tr v nguyn trng thi ban u
Bin dng ph thuc tng ng sut
Lc tc dng nh hn ti trng gii hn (gii hn lm vic)
La chn E, v ?

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: bin dng tng.

Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007

Tuyn tnh

Phi tuyn

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M hnh n hi tng qut

nh lut Hooke
x D11

y D21
z D
31
=
xy D41
D51
yz
zx D61

Bin
dng

Bin dng do

{ } = [D]{ }
D12

D13

D14

D15

D22

D23

D24

D25

D32

D33

D34

D35

D42
D52

D43
D53

D44
D54

D45
D55

D62

D63

D64

D65

D16 x

D26 y
D36 z

D46 xy
D56 yz

D66 zx

ng
sut

Ma trn D bao gm: 36 pt (tng qut), 21 phn t (i xng),13 phn t

(i xng qua 1 mt phng), 9 phn t (i xng qua 3 mt phng), 5
phn t (i xng trc)
n hi ng hng, 2 trong 4 tham s sau l c lp: E, , K, G

S ng hng (coaxiality):
Cc trc chnh cu tng ng sut
v tng bin dng chnh cng
phng
Hm th nng do g (Plastic
potential function) S tng bin dng
do c lp vi t s hoc ln ca
tng ng sut, nhng ph thuc
trng thi ng sut
Vect tng bin dng do vung
gc mt cong g

&1 , &1
& 3 , &3
&ij p = d

g
ij

& p ij
g(ij)=const

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L thuyt do

Hm chy (Yield function)

m phng cc c tnh bin dng do, mt trong hai gi thit sau

c s dng:
f=g: lut dng kt hp (l thuyt do c in)
fg: lut dng khng kt hp (ng x thc ca t)
Ngoi ra, phi c quy lut v s thay i hm chy (Yield function)

Bin dng do ch xy ra khi mt hm ng

sut f duy tr ln nht v tng df >0
df > 0 : cht ti
Min do

df < 0: d ti
Min n hi
Mt chy

df = 0: khng ti

tng p

tng pi

Isotropic

Ch : f, g l hm c lp
h to tham s l cc
ng sut chnh

hardening

Kinematic
i

hardening

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M hnh Mohr-Coulomb

M hnh n hi tuyn tnh tng ng

ng x thc ca t khng
phi n hi, tuyn tnh
q=1-3
M un ct tuyn E50 thng
c s dng trong thit k s qf
b
E50 thng c thc hin t q50
E50
th nghim nn n hng
(unconfined compression test)

3=0

x= z

Cch xc nh E50 t th
nghim nn n hng 29
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M phng quan h US-BD trong th

nghim 3 trc (2 on thng)

M hnh do tuyt i

Xp x bc nht quan h ng sut-bin dng

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Hm chy (Yield function)

Hm chy (Yield function)

f r s sin c cos
iu kin trn p dng cho tt c
cc mt phng nghing mt gc

y
2
+ xy
r = x
2

+ y

s = x
2

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Ct n gin, thot nc
(Drained simple shear test)

Gc n (Dilatancy angle)
= + i

Trt xy ra trn mt nghing mt gc so vi phng ngang

(khng trt trn mt phng ngang)
Gc ma st c huy ng trn mt phng ngang () ln hn gc ma
st chng li s trt trn mt phng nghing (i)
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Ct 3 trc, thot nc

Cc tham s ca m hnh Mohr-Coulomb

Gc ma st trong
Lc dnh c
Gc n
M un n hi E50
H s Poisson

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Kt lun

Nhn xt m hnh M-C

Phng php phn t hu hn l mt cng c hu ch trong vic m

phng cc bi ton a k thut.
M hnh vt liu c ngha quan trng khi m phng ng x thc
ca t.
Cc iu kin bin cn phi thch hp i vi cc giai on thi cng
khc nhau.
C th xc nh c c ch ph hoi m khng cn phi xc nh

u im: n gin
Nhc im:
- Cha xt nh hng ca 2
- Cha xt s ph thuc trng thi ng sut
ca cc c tnh n hi

trc nh i vi cc phng php s khc.

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