TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 9358:2012
LP T H THNG NI T THIT B CHO CC CNG TRNH CNG NGHIP - YU CU
CHUNG
Installation of equipment earthing system for industrial projects - General requirements
Li ni u
TCVN 9358 : 2012 c chuyn i t TCXDVN 319 : 2004 thnh Tiu chun Quc gia theo quy
nh ti khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im b khon 2 iu 7
Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 1/8/2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s
iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.
TCVN 9358 : 2012 do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng - B Xy dng bin son, B Xy
dng ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh
cng b.
LP T H THNG NI T THIT B CHO CC CNG TRNH CNG NGHIP - YU CU
CHUNG
Installation of equipment earthing system for industrial projects - General requirements
1. Phm vi p dng
1.1. Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu chung v la chn v lp t h thng ni t ca cc
thit b in lm vic vi in p xoay chiu ln hn 42 V v in p mt chiu ln hn 110 V
trong hng ro mt cng trnh sn xut cng nghip. H thng ni t thit b quy nh theo tiu
chun ny thuc c hai hnh thi ni t, ni t bo v v ni t chc nng, trong ni t
bo v l ch yu.
1.2. Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho vic lp t h thng ni t ca nh my in, ng
dy ti in trn khng, trm bin p trung gian thuc cc d n pht, dn v phn phi in
nng v mt s cng trnh c cng ngh c bit nh cc cng trnh ngm, bn cng, sn bay,
ch bin du m, hm l hoc tng t.
1.3. Khi lp t h thng ni t thit b, ngoi vic p dng tiu chun ny cn phi tha mn
cc yu cu quy nh trong cc h s k thut c lin quan.
2. Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau l cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin
dn ghi nm cng b th p dng phin bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi
nm cng b th p dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i, b sung (nu c).
IEC 439-1:1992, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 1: Type-tested and
partially type-tested assemblies, Tiu chun ca y ban k thut in quc t v thit b in h
p.
IEC 364-4:1993, Electrical installations and protection against electric shock, Tiu chun ca y
ban k thut in quc t v lp t in.
IEC 364-5:1994, Electrical installations and protection against electric shock, Tiu chun ca y
ban k thut in quc t v lp t in.
IEE 1981, Wiring Regulations, Tiu chun lp t in ca Anh.
AS 3000:1991, Wiring Rules, Tiu chun i lp t in ca c.
3. Thut ng v nh ngha

3.1. Thit b in (Electrical equipment)

Sn phm in phc v cc mc ch pht, bin i, truyn ti, phn phi v s dng in nng
nh cc my in, my bin p, kh c in, my o in, r le bo v, vt t v ph kin lp t
dy in, dng in.
3.2. Mng in (Electrical installation)
Mt tp hp thit b in lin quan vi nhau v mt mc ch sn xut v c mt s c tnh kt
hp.
3.3. Trang b ng ct (Switchgear)
Mt tp hp kh c ng ct in chnh v ph dng cho vn hnh, iu chnh, bo v hoc cho
cc mc ch khc nhm kim sot mng in.
3.4. T ng ct tng (Main switchtboard)
T cha trang b ng ct t c th kim sot vic cp in cho ton b mng in.
3.5. T phn phi (Distribution board)
T cha cc trang b ng ct khng phi t ng ct tng.
3.6. Cch in kp (Double insulation)
Cch in hai lp, lp nm st b phn mang in gi l cch in c bn v lp th hai gi l
cch in b sung.
3.7. B phn c tnh dn in h (Exposed conductive part)
B phn c tnh dn in khng c bao che ca thit b in m con ngi c th chm vo,
bnh thng khng mang in nhng c th tr thnh mang in trong iu kin s c.
3.8. B phn c tnh dn in ng ri (Extraneous conductive part)
B phn c tnh dn in ng ring l, khng lin quan n thit b in, cn c a v mt
in th, thng thng bng in th t.
3.9. t (Earth)
Ton khi t c tnh dn in m in th ca n bt k im no cng c gi tr quy c
bng khng.
3.10. in cc t (Earth electrode)
Mt vt dn hoc mt nhm vt dn chn di t v tip xc cht ch vi t, t hnh thnh
mi ni in c hiu qu vi ton khi t.
3.11. in cc t c lp v in (Electrically independent earth electrode)
in cc t ng cch xa cc in cc khc n mc dng in chm t ln nht c c hi
chy qua in cc ny nh hng khng ng k n in th ca cc in cc khc.
3.12. in cc t nhn to (Artificial earth electrode)
in cc c ch to s dng ring cho mc ch ni t.
3.13. in cc t t nhin (Natural earth electrode)
Cc b phn c tnh dn in ca ng ng, nh v cng trnh di t tip xc cht ch vi
t v c tn dng lm in cc t.
3.14. in tr ca in cc t (Earth electrode resistance)
in tr ca mt in cc t i vi t. in cc t y c hiu theo 3.10.
3.15. Thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh (Main earthing bar or terminal)

Thanh ci hoc u cc ni t ca mt ngun cp in hoc ca mt mng in c lin quan,

dng ni tt c cc loi dy bo v k c dy ni ng th chnh, dy ni t chc nng nu
c, ca ngun hoc mng in vi in cc t.
Thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh thng t trong hp phn b t (earth dispatcher) hay
cn gi l hp chia t (earth divider).
3.16. Dy bo v (Protective conductor)
Dy dn dng bo v chng in git v dng ni mt s trong cc b phn sau y li vi
nhau:
- B phn c tnh dn in h;
- B phn c tnh dn in ng ri;
- Thanh ci hoc u cc ni t;
- in cc t;
- im ni t ca ngun in, hoc mt im trung tnh nhn to.
Dy bo v l tn gi chung ca cc loi dy sau y:
- Dy bo v mch;
- Dy ni ng th chnh;
- Dy ni ng th b sung;
- Trc ni t;
- Dy ni t chnh.
3.17. Dy bo v mch (Circuit protective conductor)
Dy bo v ni cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca mt thit b in vi thanh ci hoc u
cc ni t ca t cp in cho thit b in hoc vi mt trc ni t xut pht t t .
3.18. Dy ni ng th chnh (Main equipotential bonding conductor)
Dy bo v ni ng th cho cc ng ng ci kim loi trong cng trnh cng nghip.
3.19. Dy ni ng th b sung (Supplementary equipotential bonding conductor)
Dy bo v ni ng th cho cc b phn c tnh dn in ng ri.
3.20. Trc ni t (Common earthing conductor)
Dy ni t c mt hoc hai u ni vi thanh ci ni t chnh hoc vi li in cc t v i
dc theo cc dy t bng in, thit b cng ngh, kt cu thp ca nh xng cho ni vo
bn thn n cc dy ni t ca cc i tng cn ni t va k.
3.21. Dy ni t chnh (Main earthing conductor)
Dy bo v ni thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ca mt ngun cp in hoc ca mt
mng in vi in cc t hoc vi mt phng tin ni t ni vi in cc t.
3.22. Ni ng th (Equipotential bonding)
Ni in nhm a cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in v cc b phn c tnh
dn in tip cn c khng lin quan n thit b in v mt mc in th thc cht bng
nhau.
3.23. Ni t bo v (Protective earthing)
Ni vi ton th khi t theo ng yu cu ca tiu chun ny nhm m bo cch ly kp thi
thit b c bo v khi ngun in nh mt trang b ct t ng khi pht hin c dng in
r ra v thit b.

3.24. Ni t chc nng (Functional earthing)

Ni t nhm m bo ch lm vic ca thit b in, cn gi l ni t lm vic.
3.25. H thng ni t (Earthing system)
Tt c cc dy bo v, thanh ci hoc u cc ni t, kp ni t v in cc t, k c cc
phng tin kim loi bao che dy km theo cc dy bo v v cc kp ni t ni trn, dng
duy tr mt s b phn no ca mng in c lin quan in th t.
3.26. H thng (System)
H thng bao gm mt ngun in nng n v mt mng in. Trn quan im ni t, cn
phn bit cc h thng cp in ca cc cng trnh cng nghip theo quan h i vi t ca
ngun in nng v ca mng in trong cc h thng .
a) H thng TN: H thng trong ngun in c mt hoc nhiu hn mt im ni t trc
tip, cn cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca mng in th ni vi im ni t ca ngun
in bng cc dy bo v. C ba loi h thng TN c nhn dng nh sau:
- H thng TN-C: H thng trong cc chc nng trung tnh v bo v kt hp trong mt dy
n dn i khp h thng gi l dy PEN;
- H thng TN-S: H thng c dy trung tnh N v dy bo v tch ri gi l dy PE dn i khp
h thng;
- H thng TN-C-S: H thng trong cc chc nng trung tnh v bo v kt hp trong mt
dy n PEN ch trong mt phn ca h thng, sau tch thnh hai dy ring r (dy trung tnh
N v dy bo v PE) trong phn cn li ca h thng.
b) H thng TT: H thng trong ngun in c mt hoc nhiu hn mt im ni t trc tip,
cn cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca mng in th ni vi cc in cc ni t c lp v
in i vi cc in cc ni t ca ngun in.
c) H thng IT: H thng khng c mi ni trc tip gia cc thnh phn mang in v t, cn
cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in th ni t.
3.27. Cc h thng dng tn gi TN, TT v IT (Systems using the designations TN, TT and IT)
Ch ci th nht th hin quan h i vi t ca ngun in nng:
T: C mt hoc nhiu hn mt im ni t trc tip;
I: Tt c cc phn mang in u cch ly vi t hoc c mt im ni vi t thng qua tng tr
ln.
Ch ci th hai th hin kiu ni t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca mng in:
T: Cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca mng in ni trc tip vi t ring r, khng ph
thuc bt k im ni t no ca ngun in;
N: Cc b phn c tnh dn in h ni trc tip vi im ni t ca ngun in (trong h
thng in xoay chiu, im ni t thng l im trung tnh).
3.28. Tng tr ca mch vng chm t (Earth fault loop impedance)
Tng tr ca mch vng dng in chm t (mch pha ti t) khi u v kt thc ti im
ngn mch chm t.
- Trong h thng TN, dng chm t i t im ngn mch chm t ca thit b in theo dy
bo v ti thanh ci ni t ca mng in ri theo ng dn kim loi ca dy bo v tr v
im trung tnh ni t ca my bin p. T y, dng chm t chy trong dy qun bin p ti
u ra ri theo dy pha cp in i t my bin p n im ngn mch chm t.
- Trong h thng TT v IT, dng chm t i t im ngn mch chm t ca thit b in theo
dy bo v ti thanh ci ni t ca mng in ri theo ng dn trong t v im trung tnh

ni t ca my bin p. T y, dng chm t chy trong dy qun bin p ti u ra ri theo

dy pha cp in i t my bin p n im ngn mch chm t.
3.29. Vng in th khng (Zero potential zone)
Vng t ngoi phm vi vng tn ca dng in chm t.
3.30. in p s c chm t (Earth fault voltage)
in p tn ti gia b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b c cch in h hng v vng
in th khng khi c dng in chm t tn vo t. Cn gi l in p li trn trang b ni t.
3.31. in p chm (Touch voltage)
in p tn ti gia b phn c tnh dn in h ca mt thit b c cch in h hng v bt
k vt dn no khc nm trong tm vi ca ngi ang tip xc vi thit b khi c dng in
chm t tn vo t.
3.32. H thng in cao p ni t hiu qu (Effectively earthed HV system)
H thng in c tn s cng nghip v in p dy ln hn 1000 V c h s qu in p khi
ngn mch chm t khng ln hn 1,4 v cn gi l h thng c trung tnh ni t hiu qu.
H s qu in p khi ngn mch chm t trong mng in ba pha l t s gia in p ca
pha khng b s c ti im ngn mch chm t v in p pha ti im trc khi c ngn
mch.
Cc h thng in cao p ni t hiu qu thng c trung tnh ni t trc tip hoc xuyn qua
mt tng tr nh v c th ct kp thi cc s c chm t trong khong thi gian ngn hp l
nh c trang b bo v.
3.33. in p danh nh (Nominal voltage)
in p lm vic ch nh cho mt mng in hoc mt b phn ca mng in. Sau y l nh
ngha ca cc in p danh nh (ly gi tr hiu dng nu l in p xoay chiu).
- in p thp: l in p bnh thng vt qu in p cc thp nhng khng vt qu 1000V
xoay chiu hoc 1500 V mt chiu gia cc dy mang in vi nhau, hoc 600 V xoay chiu
hoc 900 V mt chiu gia dy mang in vi t.
- in p cao: l in p bnh thng vt qu in p thp. in p t 3 kV n 24 kV xoay
chiu, tn s cng nghip, thng gi l trung p, trn quan im ni t bo v cng thuc dy
in p cao.
3.34. MCC (Motor control center)
Cc t h p kim sot ph ti, ch yu l ng c in, kt hp vi hp nt n ti ch. Dy t
MCC thng c mt hoc hai t aptomat tng c trang b iu khin, o lng, bo v, tn hiu.
Cc t cn li chia ra nhiu ngn xp t trn xung di; mi ngn dnh cho mt l ph ti. Bn
trong mi ngn, c aptomat hoc cu chy, cng tc t v trang b iu khin, o lng, bo v,
tn hiu.
3.35. Thit b dng in d (Residual current device)
Thit b t ng ct mch theo dng r khi c chm t, gi tt l RCD.
3.36. H thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh (Computer-based control and
monitoring system)
H thng iu khin v gim st cc qu trnh cng ngh da trn k thut vi x l.
3.37. Thit b iu khin (Controller)
Thit b iu khin da trn k thut vi x l.
3.38. M un I/O (I/O module)

M un vo/ra dng nhn tn hiu t bn ngoi vo x l hoc a lnh iu khin t

bn trong ra ngoi.
3.39. T ni dy cp ra (Marshalling cabinet)
T cha cc hng kp ni trung gian gia mt bn l cp ni vi cc m un I/O v mt bn l
cp ni vi cc t MCC hoc vi cc hp ni c lin quan vi cc cm bin v cc b tc ng
ti ni sn xut
3.40. Chm in gin tip (Indirect voltage touch)
Tip xc vi cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in b chm do hng cch in
c coi l chm in gin tip.
4. Quy nh chung
4.1. Cc b phn c tnh dn in khng mang in trn ton cng trnh c lit k di y
phi c bo v chng mi nguy him do chm in gin tip bng bin php ni t thit b
kt hp vi t ng ct ngun cung cp bng thit b bo v:
- B phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in nh my bin p, my in v kh c in v
tng t;
- B phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b v ph kin chiu sng;
- B phn truyn ng c tnh dn in ca my in v kh c in;
- Khung kim loi ca t, bng in v bn iu khin;
- V kim loi ca cc my in di ng v cm tay;
- V kim loi v cc lp bc kim loi ca cp;
- Phng tin bao che v ph kin kim loi phc v lp t dy v cp in nhng khng trc
tip mang dng in nh ng lun dy, khay, thang, mng cp; hp ni kim loi, dy thp treo
cp in, ct kim loi v tng t;
- V kim loi, tip im ni t ca cm v ca cm c dy ni di.
4.2. Khng cn ni t bo v cho cc thit b c cc hnh thi bo v sau:
- Thit b c cch in kp hoc cp cch in tng ng;
- Thit b c cp in thng qua mt bin p cch ly dng ring cho n c cun dy pha tiu
th in cch ly v in vi ngun in;
- Thit b lm vic vi in p cc thp.
4.3. Ni no khng th lp t dy v cp in xa hn cc kt cu kim loi phc v mc ch
khc th cc kt cu cng phi ni t. Cc kt cu kim loi phi ni t gm:
- ng kim loi i ni, thng, b, chu, vi, ng thi nc bn, ng thot nc ma v cc hng
mc tng t;
- Khung sn ca cc cn cu, thang my, bng ti, thit b bc d v cc hng mc tng t
khc trn c lp thit b in.
- ng ray v kt cu thp khc c th tip cn c.
- Mch ni t ca cc kt cu kim loi ngoi tri phi c tng tr i vi dng cao tn to bi
hin tng phng in trong kh quyn.
4.4. Phi ni t cun th cp ca cc my bin p o lng.
4.5. Theo quan nim v ni t, mt tp hp bao gm mt ngun cp in h p nh my pht
in hoc my bin p, ton b dy v cp in cng cc thit b s dng in nng ca ngun
cp in phi c coi l mt h thng in c mt trong cc kiu ni t TN, TT v IT. Trong

cc h thng ny, b phn cp in nh my pht in, my bin p c coi l ngun in

nng tch ri khi cc thit b cn li ca h thng v phn cn li c coi l mng in.
4.6. Mi ngun cp in hoc mi mng in phi c mt thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh
cc b phn sau y c th ni vo :
- in cc t hoc phng tin ni t ni vi im ni t ca ngun;
- Dy ni t bo v mch;
- Dy ni ng th chnh;
- Dy ni t chc nng (nu c yu cu);
- Trc ni t;
- Dy ni t chnh nh minh ha Hnh 1.

CH DN:
1, 2, 3, 4 v 5 l cc loi dy bo v

M: B phn c tnh dn in h

1. Dy bo v mch

C: B phn c tnh dn in ng ri

2. Dy ni ng th chnh

P: ng ng kim loi dn nc chnh

3. Dy ni t chnh

F: Khung t bng hoc kt cu kim loi

4. Dy ni ng th b sung (ni cn thit)

E: im ni t ca ngun in (S TN)

5. Trc ni t
T: in cc t ca mng in (S TT v IT)
B: Thanh ci ni t chnh ca mng in
Hnh 1 - Trang b ni t v cc dy bo v

4.7. Phi b tr thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ch d tip cn c th tho ri cc mi

ni khi cn o in tr ni t ca h thng ni t. Mi ni thanh ci hoc u cc ni t
chnh phi vng chc v c v m bo c tnh dn in lin tc v ch c th tho ri bng
dng c.
4.8. Tr trng hp c bit, mi h thng in h p gm ngun cp in l my pht in h
p hoc cun h p ca bin p v mng in ca n trong cng trnh cng nghip phi ni t
kiu TN.
4.9. Trong h thng TN, nn s dng thit b bo v qu dng nh my ct hoc cu ch t
ng ct ngun khi c s c chm t v phi tun th cc quy nh sau:
- Trong h thng TN, chiu di ca cp xut pht t sau my ct hoc cu ch khng c vt
qu chiu di ti a tnh ton trn c s hn ch tng tr ca mch vng chm t nhm m
bo cho thit b bo v c lin quan tc ng tin cy;
- Trong s TN-S, dy trung tnh ch c ni t ti trm bin p. Cc in cc t b sung
v tr khc, nu cn, ch c ni vo dy PE;
- Trong s TN-C, khi dy trung tnh cn ni t lp li gim in p chm, phi b tr cc
in cc t b sung cch khong dc theo dy PEN trong in cc t b sung cui phi t
ti phn xng cnh t cp in chnh. Khng c ct h mch dy PEN bng thit b ct bo
v v phi ni dy PEN xut pht t thanh ci PEN ca t phn phi vi v kim loi ca thit b
dng in trc khi ni dy PEN vi cc trung tnh ca thit b .
4.10. Ch cho php p dng kiu ni t TT cho h thng in h p c cng sut nh nu vic
thc hin ni t kiu TN gp kh khn nh khi cp in xut pht t sau my ct hoc cu ch
n ph ti qu di, khng m bo cho thit b bo v c lin quan tc ng tin cy hoc tn
km khng hp l.
Phi la chn cc in tr ni t ca ngun in v mng in trn c s m bo nhy ca
bo v chm t v nn s dng thit b dng in d lm thit b ct bo v.
4.11. H thng h p ni t kiu IT ch p dng khi c nhng yu cu c bit v an ton cp
in. in tr ni t ca mng in trong h thng IT phi ph hp vi thit b kim tra cch
in i vi t ca mng in , nhm pht hin nhanh im chm t th nht v phi m
bo cho thit b bo v t ng ct nhanh ngun in ra khi mng in khi im chm t th
hai xut hin m im chm t th nht cha c loi tr.
Phi t bo v chng qu in p tn s cng nghip cho mng in. Nu ngun in l my
bin p c in p pha s cp ln hn 1000 V th phi t bo v chc thng cch in cho
cun h p ca my bin p.
4.12. Khi trm bin p cp in h p cho mt cng trnh cng nghip trc tip ni vi li cao
p bn ngoi cng trnh, nu vic thc hin mt h thng ni t chung cho thit b in cao p
v thit b in h p ca trm gp kh khn v i hi tn km khng hp l th nn p dng hai
h thng ni t ring bit: mt cho thit b in cao p v mt cho thit b in h p.
4.13. Khi cng trnh cng nghip c trm bin p trung gian hoc trm ct u vo phn phi
in nng c in p dy nm trong khong t 3 kV n 24 kV cho cc trm bin p h p ca
cc phn xng hoc khu vn phng th mi trm bin p nh th phi c mt h thng ni t
chung cho cc thit b in cao v h p v phi p dng s TN pha h p.
4.14. Trong cng trnh cng nghip, im trung tnh ca my pht, v my pht, v cc thit b
in v cc kt cu kim loi ca trm pht in d phng u phi ni vi in cc t thng
qua mt u cc hoc thanh ci ni t chnh v phi ni u cc hoc thnh ci ni t chnh
ny vi thanh ci bo v trong t cp in cho ph ti s c bng dy bo v i cng vi cp cp
ngun t my pht, ng thi ni thanh ci bo v trong t cp in cho ph ti s c vi thanh
ci t trong t ng ct in tng ca trm bin p thng trc c lin quan. Nu my pht d
phng gn ngun thng trc, im trung tnh ca n c php ni vi in cc t ca
ngun ny v khng cn c in cc t khu vc my pht.

4.15. Vic la chn cc in tr ni t ca ngun v mng in trong mt h thng in h p

trc ht phi da trn c s tnh ton dng ngn mch chm t ln nht trong h thng in
h p kt hp vi mt s gii php v cu hnh ni t v ni ng th nhm tha mn cc
yu cu v in p chm trong 4.16.
4.16. ln v thi gian duy tr ca in p chm trong h thng in h p khng c vt
qu cc gi tr cho trong Bng 1 vi iu kin in p chm cho php l 42 V i vi dng xoay
chiu tn s cng nghip v l 110 V i vi dng mt chiu.
4.17. Khi la chn v lp t h thng ni t ca mt trm bin p lm vic vi in p cao pha
s cp, ngoi vic p ng cc yu cu ca 4.15, cn phi tun th cc quy nh trong 8.9.
4.18. Phi la chn v lp t h thng ni t ca mng in sao cho:
- Gi tr in tr t thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ca mng in n im ni t ca
ngun in i vi cc h thng TN, hoc n in cc t ca mng in i vi cc h thng
TT v IT, phi ph hp vi cc yu cu bo v v chc nng ca mng in v phi c trin
vng gi c hiu qu lu di;
- Dng ngn mch chm t v dng in c th r ra t phi c dn i m khng gy nguy
him g, c bit l do cc hiu ng cng thng v nhit, c nhit v c in;
- Trang b ni t phi bn chc hoc c thm phng tin bo v c hc c th thch nghi
vi cc iu kin nh hng t bn ngoi.
4.19. Khi lp t h thng ni t, phi ht sc thn trng nhm trnh nguy c to ra hin tng
in phn lm hng cc b phn kim loi khc.
Bng 1 - Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in p chm trong h thng in h p
ph thuc ln ca n vi iu kin in p chm cho php l 42 V i vi dng xoay
chiu tn s cng nghip v 110 V i vi dng mt chiu
Tr s hiu dng ca in p
chm (V)

Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in p chm (s)

i vi dng xoay chiu tn
s cng nghip

i vi dng mt chiu

42

5,00

5,00

50

4,00

5,00

65

3,00

5,00

75

0,60

5,00

90

0,45

5,00

110

0,34

5,00

150

0,27

1,00

220

0,17

0,40

280

0,12

0,30

350

0,08

0,20

500

0,04

0,10

4.20. Nu mt khu vc sn xut no , mt s mng in khc nhau phi s dng cc h

thng ni t ring r th bt c dy bo v no chy qua gia hai mng in khc nhau nh vy
cng phi sc mang dng in ngn mch chm t ln nht c kh nng chy qua n hoc
ch c php ni t trong phm vi mng in c lin quan vi n v phi c cch in i
vi h thng ni t ca cc mng in khc. Trong trng hp th hai, nu dy bo v l thnh
phn ca mt si cp th dy bo v ch c ni t trong phm vi mng in c cha thit
b ct bo v c lin quan vi n.

4.21. C th chia h thng ni t ca mt mng in thnh nhiu h thng ni t n v trong

trng hp ny, mi h thng ni t n nh th cng phi c lp t ph hp vi cc yu
cu ca tiu chun ny.
4.22. H thng ni t c th s dng kt hp hoc ring r cho hai mc ch bo v v chc
nng ty thuc cc yu cu ca mng in. Ni no h thng ni t s dng kt hp cho c hai
mc ch bo v v chc nng, th phi u tin cho cc yu cu v ni t bo v.
5. Lp t in cc t
5.1. Mi ni in c hiu qu vi ton khi t ca h thng ni t bo v thit b in cng
nghip phi thc hin bng cch s dng in cc t.
5.2. Cc loi in cc t c php s dng v kch thc ti thiu ca chng c lit k
di y:
a) in cc thanh hoc ng kim loi dng cc nhn:
- in cc thanh kim loi trn dng cc nhn phi c ng knh quy nh bi thit k, nhng
trong mi trng hp khng c nh hn 16 mm nu l in cc thp v khng c nh hn
12 mm nu l in cc kim loi khng phi thp hoc l in cc c lp kim loi bc ngoi khng
phi st hoc thp; Khng c dng thanh thp gai hoc thanh ct thp lm in cc t dng
cc nhn;
- in cc thanh thp gc phi c chiu dy khng nh hn 4 mm; in cc thanh thp gc phi
c m km nng hoc c bo v chng n mn bng phng php khc;
- in cc ng kim loi dng cc nhn phi c ng knh trong ti thiu 19 mm v chiu dy
ng ti thiu 2,45 mm; in cc ng thp phi c m km nng hoc c bo v chng n
mn bng phng php khc v phi l loi ng rn chc.
b) in cc thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn nm ngang:
- in cc thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn phi c kch thc quy nh bi thit k nhng trong
mi trng hp khng c nh hn 25 mm x 1,5 mm nu l thanh ng dt v khng c
nh hn 35 mm2 nu l dy ng trn;
- in cc thanh thp dt nm ngang phi c kch thc khng nh hn 40 mm x 4 mm; cn
in cc thanh thp trn nm ngang phi c ng knh khng nh hn 16 mm; in cc thanh
thp dt hoc trn nm ngang phi c m km nng hoc c bo v chng n mn bng
phng php khc; khng c dng thanh thp gai hoc thanh ct thp lm in cc t nm
ngang.
- Thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn dng lm in cc nm ngang phi c chiu di ti thiu 3 m.
Tit din ca in cc t nm ngang cho cc thit b in c in p ln hn 1000 V phi c
chn theo bn nhit xut pht t nhit pht nng cho php l 400 0C.
c) in cc tm kim loi:
in cc tm kim loi phi l tm ng cng c chiu dy khng nh hn 1,5 mm. Nn hn ch
dng loi in cc ny v l do n mn, c bit l cc ch ni.
d) in cc kim loi t chn mng cng trnh:
in cc ny phi c hn ni vi kt cu thp ca mng t nht hai im cch xa nhau. Cc
mi ni vi dy ni t chnh phi v tr d tip cn kim tra v sau v vic thi cng cc mi
ni phi c gim st cht ch trc khi b tng mng.
5.3. Cc b phn kim loi sau y c th dng lm in cc t t nhin:
- Cc ng dn nc khng thuc dch v cp nc cng cng v cc ng dn bng kim loi khc
t di t ca cng trnh tr cc ng ng dn cc cht lng d chy, kh v hp cht chy,
n;

- Thanh ging gia c v kt cu thp ca b tng di t ca nh v cng trnh xy dng,

nhng phi thn trng khng lm hng ct thp ca b tng chu ng lc trc;
- V bc ch hoc v bc kim loi khc khng phi nhm ca cp tha mn cc iu kin ca 5.4;
- Cc kt cu kim loi khc chn di t c mi tip xc hiu qu v bn vng vi ton khi t
ph hp vi cc iu kin ca tiu chun ny.
5.4. V bc ch v v bc bng kim loi khc khng phi nhm ca cc cp in khng s h
hng do d b n mn c th dng lm in cc t min l c s tha thun bng vn bn ca
n v s hu cp v phi c s dn xp thch hp n v s dng mng in cnh gic vi
bt c thay i no trong h thng cp c th lm hng vai tr in cc t ca cc cp ny.
5.5. Vt liu s dng v cu to ca in cc t phi m bo chng c ph hy do n mn.
5.6. Khi chn in cc t phi tnh n kh nng tng in tr ca in cc t do n mn qua
thi gian s dng.
5.7. Tt c cc loi in cc t phi c b mt sch khng ph sn, men hoc cc vt liu khc
c tnh dn in km.
5.8. in cc t lp t ngoi ta nh phi v tr t phi di ma nng v xa hn cc kt
cu kim loi chn di t phc v mc ch khc. in cc t lp t ngoi ta nh phi t
cch mng t nht l 1 m.
5.9. Phi duy tr c ly khng nh hn 0,5 m gia in cc t v kt cu kim loi chn di t
ca cc h thng khc nhm hn ch kh nng xut hin tc dng in phn c hi cho in cc
hoc cho h thng khc.
5.10. in cc t thanh hoc ng kim loi dng cc nhn phi c ng su xung t ti
su quy nh bi thit k. t phi lin th v chn cht ln ton b chiu di ca in cc t.
Khi chn v tr ng in cc t, phi chn ni sn c m cao nht nu iu kin thc t cho
php.
su lp t in cc t thanh hoc ng kim loi dng cc nhn do thit k quy nh nhng
nn trong khong t 0,5 m n 1,2 m tnh t nh cc n mt t lin th. Cn chn su
lp t in cc ln khi in tr sut ca t gim theo su.
5.11. in cc t thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn phi c chn cht trong mng t nm
ngang. t lp li phi l t ng nht, khng c cha rm v ph liu xy dng v phi
c m cht.
su lp t in cc t thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn do thit k quy nh nhng nn
trong khong t 0,5 m n 1,2 m tnh t nh trn ca in cc n mt t lin th. Cn chn
su lp t in cc ln khi in tr sut ca t gim theo su.
5.12. Chiu di ca in cc t dng cc nhn do thit k quy nh nhng nn trong khong
t 2,5 m n 3 m. Cho php hn ni nhm tng chiu di ca in cc trong trng hp in
cc t cn c chiu di ln hn 3 m, min l khng lm suy gim tnh lin tc v in v v c
ca in cc.
5.13. Tr khi c quy nh khc i, in cc t dng cc nhn ng thng ng hoc nghing
thuc h thng ni t ca mt phn xng phi ng cch nhau khng qu 20 m v ni vi
nhau bng cc on in cc t nm ngang hnh thnh mt mch vng in cc bao quanh
phn xng .
5.14. Khi ng in cc t dng cc nhn xung t, phi s dng chp u cc chuyn dng
khng lm hng u trn ca in cc. Trng hp t qu cng, cho php s dng khoan
mi c ng knh mi khoan nh hn ng knh ca in cc sao cho khi ng in cc
xung l khoan, cc lp t phi chn cht ln ton b chiu di ca n.
5.15. Dy ni gia cc u cc dng thanh hoc ng kim loi dng lm in cc phi c tit din
khng nh hn tit din ca dy ni t chnh. Phi t dy ni ny su do thit k quy nh

nhng trong mi trng hp khng c nh hn 0,5 m tnh t mt trn ca dy n mt t

lin th.
6. Lp t dy ni t chnh
6.1. Khi lp t h thng ni t, phi c gng dy ni t chnh chy thng t thanh ci hoc
u cc ni t chnh n in cc t hoc phng tin khc to c mi ni in c hiu
qu vi ton khi t. Khng c u vo on dy ni t chnh i t thanh ci hoc u cc
ni t chnh n in cc t bt k dy bo v no ca cc thit b in nm dc theo hnh
trnh ca n.
6.2. Tr khi c quy nh khc i, dy ni t chnh dng trong h thng ni t ca thit b in
cng nghip phi l dy mt li bc cch in PVC c kt cu li ng ti lm ngui chm, nhiu
si bn xon, cch in c mang k hiu mu xanh v vng kt hp.
6.3. Khng c dng dy nhm hoc nhm bc ng lm dy ni t chnh chn trong t hoc
trc tip ni vi in cc.
6.4. Khng c dng phng tin bao che dy v cp in, dy thp treo cp in, v kim loi
v lp bc thp ca cp lm dy ni t chnh.
6.5. Dy ni t chnh khng c i chung vi dy dn ca mt t ng ct in nhnh hoc
ca mt ph ti nhnh trong mt ng lun dy hoc ng bao che.
6.6. Phi chn tit din ca dy ni t chnh ph hp vi quy nh ca 7.2 hoc 7.3 v nu chn
trong t hoc trc tip ni vi in cc, tit din ca dy ni t chnh chn theo 7.2 hoc 7.3
cn phi tha mn iu kin b sung l khng c nh hn gi tr quy nh trong Bng 2.
Bng 2 - Tit din ti thiu ca dy ni t chnh chn trong t
Loi dy
C bo v chng n mn

C bo v chng ph hng c Khng c bo v chng ph

hc
hng c hc
Theo quy nh ca 6.2

16 mm2 ng
16 mm2 Thp

Khng c bo v chng n mn

25 mm2 ng

25 mm2 ng

50 mm2 Thp

50 mm2 Thp

6.7. Khng cn chn tit din ca dy ni t chnh theo tit din ca dy pha mang in ca
mch cp in tng trong cc trng hp sau:
a) Trng hp trn tt c cc l cp in cho cc t ng ct in nhnh v cc ph ti nhnh,
cch in kp c duy tr sut t hng kp dy pha ph ti ca thit b bo v trong t ng
ct in tng n tn hp dy vo ca ph ti in. Trong trng hp ny c th chn tit din
nh nht ca dy ni t chnh theo tit din ca dy pha mang in ca l ra c cng sut ln
nht cp in cho t ng ct in nhnh hoc cho ph ti nhnh;
b) Trng hp dy dn ca mch cp in tng c tit din ln hn yu cu tha mn nhu cu
ti a ca ph ti tng ca mng in do phi hn ch in p ri trn n. Trong trng hp ny
c th chn tit din nh nht ca dy ni t chnh theo tit din nh nht ca dy pha tha
mn nhu cu ti a ca ph ti tng.
Dy ni t chnh khng trc tip ni vi in cc t v khng chn di t c tit din chn
ph hp vi 6.7 a) hoc 6.7 b) cn phi tha mn yu cu b sung l khng c nh hn 4
mm2 nu l dy ng hoc khng nh hn 16 mm2 nu l dy nhm.
Dy ni t chnh trc tip ni vi in cc hoc chn di t c tit din chn ph hp vi 6.7
a) hoc 6.7 b) cn phi tha mn iu kin b sung l khng c nh hn gi tr quy nh trong
Bng 2 ca 6.6.
6.8. Dy ni t chnh khi i ni mt ngoi ta nh phi c bo v chng ph hng c hc
trong phm vi 1,8 m tnh t mt t hon thin.

6.9. Mi ni dy ni t chnh vo in cc t phi thc hin trong ging kim tra vi kp ni

bng kim loi khng phi st hoc khu ni vng chc khc c b mt tip xc bng kim loi
khng phi st c k s ph trch gim st lp t in ca ch u t ph duyt. nh in
cc phi nh ln khi mt t trong ging kim tra mt khong ti thiu 150 mm thc hin ni
dy ni t chnh vo in cc t.
6.10. Mi ni ca dy ni t chnh vo thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh phi thc hin bng
kp dy vng chc kp dy ni t chnh gia cc b mt kim loi v phi m bo khng
lm bung cc si bn ca cp. Khi dng kp ni cp xit cht bng vt hoc bu lng th kp phi
c t nht l hai vt hoc bu lng.
6.11. Cnh mi im ni ca dy ni t chnh vi in cc t v cnh mi im ni ca dy
ny vi thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh, phi treo bin cnh bo bng cht mica mm c
ghi dng ch "Mi ni an ton in, Khng c tho" c bn cao vi phng ch d c,
chiu cao ch ti thiu l 5mm, v tr d nhn thy.
7. Lp t dy bo v ca h thng ni t thit b cng nghip
7.1. Dy bo v khng phi l dy ni ng th phi c tit din:
- Hoc tnh ton ph hp vi 7.2; hoc
- Khi khng c iu kin tnh ton, c th chn theo Bng 7 cho trong 7.3.
Trong c hai trng hp, phi i chiu kt qu thu c vi quy nh ca 7.4.
7.2. Dy bo v khng phi l dy ni ng th phi c tit din khng nh hn gi tr tnh theo
cng thc sau y, ch p dng cho thi gian ct bo v khng qu 5 s:
S=

I2 t
k

(1)

Trong :
S l tit din tnh bng milimet vung (mm2);
I l gi tr hiu dng (nu l dng xoay chiu) ca dng in chm t khi s c c tng tr
khng ng k, c th chy qua thit b bo v c lin quan, tnh bng Ampe (A);
t l thi gian tc ng ca thit b ct bo v, tnh bng giy (s);
k l h s ph thuc vt liu ca dy bo v, cch in v cc tham s khc, nhit ban u v
nhit cui ca n.
Gi tr ca k i vi dy bo v trong cc ng dng hoc dch v khc nhau cho trong cc Bng
3, 4, 5 v Bng 6. Cc gi tr ca k da trn nhit ban u v nhit cui.
Nu p dng cng thc trn m thu c kch thc phi tiu chun th kch thc ca dy bo
v phi ly bng gi tr tiu chun ln hn gn nht.
Bng 3 - Gi tr h s "k" dng tnh dy bo v bc cch in khng lng trong cp v
khng buc thnh chm vi cp hoc dng tnh dy bo v trn tip xc vi v bc
cp
Vt liu dy dn

Cch in ca dy bo v hoc v bc cp
PVC

Cao su 850C

n nh nhit 900C

ng

143

166

176

Nhm

95

110

116

Thp

52

60

64

CH THCH:

Nhit ban u gi thit

30 0C

30 0C

30 0C

Nhit cui

160 0C

220 0C

250 0C

Bng 4 - Gi tr h s "k" dng tnh dy bo v l mt li lng trong cp hoc buc

thnh chm vi cp
Vt liu dy dn

Vt liu cch in
PVC

Cao su 850C

n nh nhit 900C

ng

115

134

143

Nhm

76

89

94

Nhit ban u gi thit

70 0C

85 0C

90 0C

Nhit cui

160 0C

220 0C

250 0C

CH THCH:

Bng 5 - Gi tr h s "k" tnh dy bo v l v bc kim loi hoc lp bc thp ca cp

Vt liu dy dn

Cch in ca dy bo v hoc v bc cp
PVC

Cao su 850C

n nh nhit 900C

ng

44

51

54

Nhm

81

93

98

Thp

22

26

27

Nhit ban u gi thit

60 0C

75 0C

80 0C

Nhit cui

160 0C

220 0C

250 0C

CH THCH:

Bng 6 - Gi tr h s "k" dng tnh dy bo v khng bc cch in ni khng c nguy

c lm h hng vt liu t gn do nhit ch nh trong bng
Vt liu dy dn

Cc iu kin
Nhn thy v trong Cc iu kin thng
din tch hn ch *
thng

C nguy c chy

ng

228

159

138

Nhm

125

105

91

Thp

82

58

50

30 0C

30 0C

30 0C

- Dy dn ng

500 0C

200 0C

150 0C

- Dy dn Nhm

300 0C

200 0C

150 0C

- Dy dn Thp

500 0C

200 0C

150 0C

CH THCH 1:
Nhit ban u gi thit
Nhit cui:

CH THCH 2: * Nhit cho trong bng ch c gi tr khi n khng c hi cho cht lng mi
ni.
7.3. Khi khng c d liu tnh tit din dy bo v khng phi l dy ni ng th theo
cng thc cho trong 7.2, c th chn tit din ca dy bo v khng phi l dy ni ng th

trong Bng 7 mc du phng php ny nhiu khi khng kinh t. Nu kch thc thu c ca
dy bo v l phi tiu chun th chn dy tiu chun c tit din ln hn gn nht.
Bng 7 - Tit din nh nht ca dy bo v ty thuc tit din dy pha trong mch tng
ng
Tit din ca dy pha trong mch tng ng

Tit din nh nht ca dy bo v

(S) mm2

(Sp) mm2

S 16

16 < S 35

16

35 < S 400

S/2

400 < S 800

200

S > 800

S/4

CH THCH: Cc gi tr quy nh trong Bng 7 ch p dng cho dy bo v ch to bng kim loi

ging ca dy pha trong mch tng ng. Cn nu khng phi nh th th chn tit din ca dy
bo v sao cho dn in ca n khng nh hn dn in ca dy bo v chn theo Bng 7
c gi nh c cng vt liu ch to vi dy pha.
7.4. Nu dy bo v l ring r, khng phi l thnh phn ca cp cp in, hoc ca phng
tin bao che cp th trong mi trng hp, n phi c tit din khng nh hn:
- 2,5 mm2 nu c bo v c hc, hoc
- 4 mm2 nu khng c bo v c hc
V phi ph hp vi quy nh ca 7.7, 7.8, 7.9. Vi dy bo v chn di t th p dng theo
6.6.
Ring tit din ca dy ni ng th phi ph hp vi 8.
7.5. Trng hp mt dy bo v c dng chung cho nhiu mch nh trng hp ca trc ni
t th tit din ca dy bo v phi:
- c tnh ton ph hp vi 7.2 vi gi tr bt li nht ca dng chm t v ca thi gian tc
ng ca thit b bo v, chn trong s cc mch c lin quan, hoc
- c chn theo Bng 7 cho trong 7.3 ng vi tit din ca dy pha ln nht trong s cc mch
c lin quan.
7.6. Cc vt dn sau y c php dng lm dy bo v:
- Li dn trong mt cp nhiu li trong khi cc li kia dng lm dy mang in ca mch c dy
bo v ;
- Dy trn hoc dy bc cch in ri t c nh;
- Dy trn hoc bc cch in t chung trong cng mt phng tin bao che vi cc dy mang
in ca mch c dy bo v ;
- ng lun dy hoc cc phng tin bao che dy khc bng kim loi tha mn cc yu cu ca
7.12;
- V kim loi, mn chn v lp bc thp ca mt s loi cp tha mn cc yu cu ca 7.13;
- Mt s b phn c tnh dn in ng ri tha mn cc yu cu ca 7.14.
7.7. Dy bo v c tit din nh hn 10 mm2 phi l dy ng hoc nhm bc ng nhiu si
bn xon c s si bn khng c t hn by.

7.8. Dy bo v li cng phi c tit din khng nh hn 10 mm 2 v chiu dy khng nh hn

1,5 mm nu l dy ng dt hoc phi c tit din khng nh hn 16 mm 2 v chiu dy khng
nh hn 2 mm nu l dy nhm dt.
7.9. Tr khi c quy nh khc i, tt c cc dy bo v i ni trong h thng ni t ca thit b
in cng nghip phi l dy mt li bc cch in PVC c mang k hiu mu xanh v vng kt
hp.
Cc loi dy bo v sau y khng cn phi bc cch in:
a) Dy trn khng;
b) Dy li dt;
c) Thanh dn cng;
d) V bc cp c cch in khong;
e) Dy thp treo cp;
f) Phng tin bao che dy in dng lm dy bo v;
g) Dy ng chn trc tip trong t hoc t trong phng tin bao che chn di t vi iu
kin tit din ca n khng nh hn 35 mm2.
7.10. Dy bo v lng trong v bc kim loi ca mt cp nhiu li cng vi cc dy mang in
ch c dng ni t cho thit b in, k c tip im ni t ca cm, c cp in t
mch i bn trong cp .
7.11. Dy bo v i cng vi cc dy mang in bn trong mt ng lun dy hoc mng hp ch
c dng ni t cho thit b in, k c tip im ni t ca cm, c cp in t
mch i bn trong ng lun dy hoc mng hp . Tt c cc dy bo v t trong ng lun dy
hoc mng hp bng kim loi phi ni vi ng lun dy hoc mng hp .
7.12. V bao che v khung kim loi ca trang b in do nh ch to t hp sn hoc v bao che
kim loi ca h thng mng hp dn thanh ci c php dng lm dy bo v nu chng ng
thi tha mn ba yu cu sau y:
a) Tnh lin tc v in v kt cu c hc ca chng phi m bo kh nng bo v chng ph
hng c hc, ha hc v in ha;
b) Tit din ca chng t nht cng phi bng kt qu tnh ton ph hp vi 7.2;
c) Cho php ni vo chng cc dy bo v khc ti cc im ni xc nh trc.
7.13. V bc kim loi v/hoc lp bc thp hoc lp bc kim loi khc ca cp, c bit l v bc
ca cp c cch in khong c th dng lm dy bo v nu chng ng thi tha mn cc yu
cu ti 7.12 a) v 7.12 b).
7.14. Dy bo v hnh thnh t cc b phn c tnh dn in ng ri phi ng thi tha mn
bn yu cu sau y:
a) Tnh lin tc v in v kt cu c hc ca chng phi m bo kh nng bo v chng ph
hng c hc, ha hc v in ha;
b) Tit din ca chng t nht phi bng kt qu tnh ton ph hp vi 7.2;
c) Phi c cc bin php gia c cn thn chng li s tho ri chng;
d) Chng vn c ch to cho cng dng ny hoc, nu cn, c th lm cho chng thch nghi
vi cng dng ny.
7.15. Khng c lp t bt k thit b ng ct no trong mch ca dy bo v nhng cho
php c cc mi ni chc chn c th tho bng dng c chuyn dng phc v mc ch o
kim tra.

7.16. Cc mi ni ca dy bo v phi v tr d tip cn kim tra v th nghim tr khi mi

ni ca dy bo v l thnh phn ca mt khu ni cp in nm trong hp ni kn hoc nm
chm trong nha cch in.
7.17. ng lun dy hoc ng bao che bng kim loi, lp bc kim loi hoc v thp ca cp hoc
dy thp treo, cp, nm ngoi hoc c sn bn trong si cp, ch c php dng lm dy
ni t bo v chnh mch in i trong ng kim loi hoc i trong cp .
7.18. Phi thi cng tht tt cc mi ni trn ng lun dy v mng dy in, lp bc kim loi
v v thp ca cp m bo tnh lin tc v in ca dy bo v v phi c bin php bo v
chng n mn v chng ph hng c hc cho cc mi ni .
7.19. ng kim loi v thnh phn ca cng trnh kt cu thp khi dng lm mt b phn ca dy
bo v phi c cc cu ni kim loi vi kim loi.
7.20. ng kim loi dn kh t hoc cht lng d chy khng c dng lm dy bo v. Yu
cu ny khng cm vic ni dy ng th vo cc ng .
7.21. Tuyn khay hoc thang cp phi m bo tnh lin tc v in v phi ni vo li in cc
t ca ngun cp in cho cc cp i trong n sau mi khong cch khng qu 30 m, nhng
khng c dng bn thn khay hoc thang cp lm dy ni t. Vic la chn v lp t dy
bo v ca cc mch in i trong khay hoc thang cp phi tun theo quy nh ca 4.20.
7.22. ng lun dy mm bng kim loi (co dn hoc gp c) khng c dng lm dy bo
v.
7.23. Khng c dng dy bo v xut pht t thanh ci hoc hng kp ni t ca mt t in
ny ni t cho thit b c cp in t mt t in khc.
7.24. Cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca cc kh c in khng c dng lm thnh phn
ca dy bo v cho mt thit b in khc.
7.25. Dy ni t bo v khng c i ct ngang qua cc kt cu st t trnh hin tng
cm ng v hiu ng gn, c th lm tng tng tr mch vng chm t c lin quan.
7.26. Trong trm bin p phn xng, cho php lp t mt mch vng trc ni t trong nh
trm cho ni vo mch vng ny cc nhnh r l cc dy ni t bo v ca cc thit b in
v kim loi bao che ca trm. Cc mch vng trc ni t ny c th chy men theo tng, dc
theo cc rnh cp hoc cc tuyn khay cp v phi ni vi li in cc bao quanh trm t nht
hai im cch xa nhau.
7.27. Trong mng in phn xng, cho php lp t cc trc ni t trong v ngoi nh xng
cho ni vo trc ny cc nhnh r l cc dy ni t bo v ca khung, v t hoc bng in,
ph kin kim loi phc v lp t dy in, ct n ng trong cng trnh, bnh b, ng cng
ngh v cc kt cu kim loi ca nh xng v bng ti. Cc trc ni t ny c th chy men
theo tng, dc theo cc rnh cp, hoc cc tuyn khay, thang cp v phi ni vo li ni t
tng ca ton cng trnh v khong cch gia cc mi ni khng c qu 50 m.
7.28. Khng c ni dy ni t bo v t thit b ny sang thit b khc trc khi ni vi trc
ni t hoc vi thanh ci ni t chnh ca phn xng.
7.29. Cc b phn c tnh dn in ng ri khng c dng lm dy PEN
7.30. Phng tin kim loi bao che dy v cp in khng c dng lm dy PEN.
7.31. Dy PEN phi c bc cch in ph hp vi in p cao nht ca mng in c th
lp t n trong mng in , nhng dy PEN khng bt buc phi cch in khi n i bn
trong cc t hp thit b ng ct v thit b iu khin.
7.32. Nu dng thit b gim st v kim tra mch ni t th khng c chn cun dy ng
tc vo mch ca dy bo v.
7.33. Dy bo v mch ca mch cp in cho ph ti mch vng cng phi chy theo mch
vng v phi ni t c hai u ti ni mch in xut pht.

7.34. Khi dng thit b bo v chng in git tc ng theo in p s c, phi lu ch ni dy

bo v vo b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in c ngun cp s b ct bi thit b
bo v khi c s c chm t.
7.35. Ni no kh c in c cp in bng cp mm hoc dy in mm ni vi phch v
cm th:
a) Dy ni t sn c trong cp hoc dy in mm phi ni vi chu ni t ring bit ca phch
cm;
b) Ngoi ra, nu cp hoc dy in mm c v bc kim loi th v bc phi ni tht tt v in
v v c vi khung kim loi ca kh c in v vi phn kim loi ni t ca phch v ca khu
ni chuyn tip (nu c) gia phch v cm.
7.36. Phi lm u ct cho u dy bo v ni vi b phn kim loi h ca thit b in. Kch
thc ca u ct phi ph hp vi tit din ca dy bo v v ph hp vi l bu lng dnh sn
cho mc ch ni t. Khi lm u ct cho u dy bo v thit b in, khng c ng tip
xc vi nhm.
7.37. Phi lm u ct ng cho u dy bo v ng ni vi cc bnh, b hoc ng cng ngh
hoc cc kt cu kim loi cn ni t khc.
7.38. i vi cp c v kim loi v cc lp kim loi che chn bn trong, phi ni cc lp kim loi
che chn bn trong vi v kim loi ca cp, cn mi ni chnh ca dy ni t bo v th phi
thc hin trn v kim loi ca cp v nu cp lun qua mt bin dng pha khng th dy ni t
bo v phi lun qua bin dng pha khng trc khi ni vi t.
7.39. Kh nng ti dng in ca kp hoc ph kin u ni ca dy bo v phi bng hoc ln
hn so vi cc thnh phn dn in c ni vi nhau.
7.40. Khi cn thit, dy ni t bo v ca mi ct n ng v ca mi ct ca ng dy ti
in trong hng ro cng trnh c th ni vi trc ni t qua mt mch vng ng th c bn
knh 1 m bng thp dt m km 25 mm x 3 mm chn quanh mng ct su 0,45 m tnh t
mt t lin th.
8. Lp t dy ni ng th
8.1. Phi la chn v lp t cc dy ni ng th theo ng cc yu cu ca tiu chun ny
nhm hn ch n mc thp nht nguy c xut hin chnh lch in p gia cc b phn c tnh
dn in h ca thit b in v cc b phn c tnh dn in tip cn c khng lin quan
n thit b in.
8.2. ng ng kim loi dn nc chnh ca mt ta nh c cha trang b dng in phi c
ni t bng mt dy ni ng th chnh ni n vi thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ca
mng in ca to nh v phi m bo tnh lin tc v kim loi ca phn ng ng ni trn
mt t t bn trong ta nh ra ti im tip xc vi mt t.
8.3. i vi dch v cp nc, im ni ca dy ni ng th chnh phi thc hin cng gn im
ng ng bt u i vo cng trnh cng tt vi iu kin l nu ti im ng ng c mt
on ng cch in chn vo th im ni ng th phi thc hin phn kim loi cnh on
ng cch in ny v pha h tiu dng.
8.4. Cc h thng ng khc lin quan vi cc hng phun nc cu ha hoc dn kh t, nc
nng, cht lng d chy, kh trnh khi tip xc vi b phn c tnh dn in h ca cc
phng tin bao che dy in v cc thit b in khc, u phi ni ng th vi cc thit b
in .
Cc b phn kim loi thuc cc h thng khc cn ni ng th c lit k sau y:
- Cc b phn kim loi tip cn c ca cc tuyn ng, thng, b cng ngh;
- Kt cu thp tip cn c;
- Khung sn ca cn cu, ca thang my v ca thit b tng t.

8.5. i vi ng dch v cp kh t, im ni ng th phi nm cnh ng h o v pha h tiu

dng, gia u ni vi ng h v nhnh ng r u tin v cch ng h khng qu 60 cm.
8.6. Vt liu v chng loi ca dy ni ng th phi tha mn mi yu cu trong iu 7 i vi
dy bo v ni chung. Dy ni ng th vn hnh trong iu kin m thp phi l dy bc cch
in mt li bng ng ti lm ngui chm nhiu si bn xon, c s si bn khng t hn by.
8.7. Khng c dng dy nhm hoc nhm bc ng lm dy ni ng th lp t trong khu
vc cc thng, b cha nc, hoc ni vo cc b phn thng xuyn tip xc vi nc k c
nc xut hin do ngng t trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng, hoc ni vi cc ng ng
dn cc sn phm nhit cao hn hoc thp hn nhit mi trng.
8.8. Dy ni ng th chnh phi c tit din khng nh hn mt na tit din ca dy bo v ln
nht ca mng in v trong mi trng hp khng c nh hn 6 mm 2 nu l dy ng hoc
khng c nh hn 10 mm2 nu l dy nhm. Tuy vy, tit din ca n khng cn phi ln hn
25 mm2 nu l dy ng hoc phi c mt tit din tha mn dn in tng ng nu dy
bng vt liu khc.
8.9. Dy ni ng th b sung ni hai b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in phi c tit
din khng nh hn tit din ca dy bo v nh hn trong s cc dy bo v ni vo cc b
phn c tnh dn in h ny v trong mi trng hp khng nh hn 2,5 mm 2 nu c bo v
c hc, hoc khng nh hn 4 mm2 nu khng c bo v c hc.
8.10. Dy ni ng th b sung ni mt b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in vi mt
b phn c tnh dn in ng ri phi c tit din khng nh hn mt na tit din ca dy bo
v ni vo b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in v trong mi trng hp khng nh
hn 2,5 mm2 nu c bo v c hc, hoc khng nh hn 4 mm2 nu khng c bo v c hc.
8.11. Dy ni ng th b sung ni hai b phn c tnh dn in ng ri phi c tit din khng
nh hn 2,5 mm2 nu c bo v c hc, hoc khng nh hn 4 mm2 nu khng c bo v c
hc, ngoi tr trng hp mt trong hai b phn c tnh dn in ng ri ni trn ni vi mt
b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in v trong trng hp ny dy ni ng th b
sung ni hai b phn c tnh dn in ng ri phi c tit din khng nh hn mt na tit din
ca dy bo v ni vo b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in v trong mi trng hp
khng nh hn 2,5 mm2 nu c bo v c hc, hoc khng nh hn 4 mm2 nu khng c bo v
c hc.
8.12. Cho php dng cc b phn c tnh dn in ng ri ph hp ca mt kt cu thng
trc v bn vng hoc cc vt dn b sung hoc kt hp c hai lm dy ni ng th b sung.
8.13. Vic thi cng cc mi ni v lm u cui cho dy ni ng th phi tun theo mi quy nh
trong iu 6 i vi dy bo v ni chung.
9. Lp t h thng ni t thit b in cao p v h thng h p ca trm bin p
9.1. Phn 9 quy nh thm nhng yu cu ni t nhm m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b
lm vic trong h thng in h p khi c ngn mch chm t trong h thng in cao p pha
s cp ca trm bin p cp in cho h thng in h p ngoi nhng yu cu ni t quy
nh trong cc mc khc ca tiu chun ny.
9.2. ln v thi gian duy tr ln nht ca in p s c chm t ca h thng in h p khi
c ngn mch chm t pha cao p ca trm bin p cp in cho h thng in h p
khng c vt qu cc gi tr cho trong Bng 8.
9.3. ln v thi gian duy tr ca in p tn s cng nghip c hi cho cch in ca thit b
trong h thng in h p khi c ngn mch chm t pha cao p ca trm bin p cp in cho
h thng in h p khng c vt qu cc gi tr cho trong Bng 9.
Bng 8 - Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in p s c chm t ca h thng
in h p ph thuc ln ca n khi c ngn mch chm t pha cao p ca trm bin
p cp in

Tr s hiu dng ca in p li trn trang b Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in
ni t (V)
p li trn trang b ni t (s)
75

5,00

90

1,00

120

0,60

150

0,50

220

0,40

350

0,34

420

0,27

500

0,15

600

0,08

670

0,04

Bng 9 - Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in p tn s cng nghip c hi cho
cch in ca thit b trong h thng in h p ph thuc ln ca n khi c ngn
mch chm t pha cao p ca trm bin p cp in
Gi tr ln nht cho php ca in p c hi cho cch
in thit b trong h thng in h p (V)

Thi gian duy tr ln nht (s)

1,5 Un

>5

1,5Un + 750

CH THCH: Un l in p danh nh gia dy pha v t

9.4. H thng ni t ca mt trm bin p cp in cho thit b in h p nn l mt h thng
ni t chung cho cc thit b in cao p v h p v phi ni vo cc i tng sau y:
a) Tt c cc b phn kim loi tip cn c dng ng hoc dy dn cao p;
b) Tt c cc b phn kim loi ni vi cc b phn kim loi k trong 9.4 a);
c) V kim loi bao che ca trm bin p v ca cc thit b in cao p;
d) Cc chng st van cao p;
e) V v cc lp bc kim loi ca cp cao v h p;
f) Trung tnh h p ca my bin p;
g) V thng my bin p;
h) Cc chng st van h p;
i) Thanh ci ni t ca t ng ct in tng ca mng h p;
j) Dy ni ng th chnh ca h thng ng nc chn ngm;
k) Kim loi h ca thanh ging v gn tng cng ca sn v tng.
Cc i tng cn ni t k trn phi ni vi thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ca trm
bin p nh minh ha Hnh 2.

Hnh 2 - Hng dn p dng h thng ni t chung

9.5. Mi thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ca h thng ni t ca trm bin p phi c t
nht hai dy ni vi in cc t. Nn ni hai dy ni t chnh cn c y vo cc gc i
din nm hai u mt ng cho ca mch vng in cc t bao quanh trm.
9.6. Cho php thc hin mt h thng ni t chung cho cc thit b in cao v h p ca trm
bin p nu in tr ni t ca n khng ln hn 1. H thng ni t chung ca trm bin p
c in tr ni t khng ln hn 1 c coi l tha mn cc quy nh trong 9.8 v 9.9.
9.7. Trng hp khng th p ng yu cu ca 9.6, trang b ni t ca trm bin p phi ng
thi tha mn cc quy nh trong 9.8 v 9.9, nhm m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b lm
vic trong h thng in h p khi c ngn mch chm t trong h thng in cao p ca trm
bin p cp ngun cho h thng in h p va ni.
9.8. H thng ni t ca trm bin p phi tun th cc quy nh 9.8.1, 9.8.2, 9.8.3 v 9.8.4 ty
thuc tng cu hnh ni t pha h p.
9.8.1. Cc k hiu c s dng trong cc mc tip theo:
Im l phn ca dng in ngn mch chm t trong h thng in cao p chy qua in cc t
ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p.
R l in tr ca in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p.
U0 l in p pha (in p gia dy pha vi dy trung tnh) ca h thng in h p.
U l in p dy (in p gia dy pha vi dy pha) ca h thng in h p.
Uf l in p s c chm t (in p li trn trang b ni t trong h thng in h p)
U1 l in p c hi cho cch in ca thit b in h p ca trm bin p.

U2 l in p c hi cho cch in ca thit b in h p ca h thng in h p.

9.8.2. Cc h thng TN
a) Ch c ni dy trung tnh ca h thng in h p vo in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh
dn in h ca trm bin p (xem TN-a Hnh 3) khi c th ct in p s c chm t R x
Im ra khi cc b phn ny trong khong thi gian cho trong Bng 8.
CH THCH: Nu cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca mng in nm
trong vng nh hng ca dy ni ng th chnh th in p chm s c gi tr bng khng
(0).
b) Nu khng tha mn c iu kin ghi trong 9.8.2 a), dy trung tnh ca h thng in h p
phi ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v in (xem TN-b Hnh 3). Trong trng hp
ny, phi p dng 9.9.1.
9.8.3. Cc h thng TT
a) Ch c ni dy trung tnh ca h thng in h p vo in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh
dn in h ca trm bin p (xem TT-a Hnh 4) khi m bo c mi tng quan gia
in p t ln cch in ca thit b (R x Im + U0) v thi gian ct in p ra khi thit b cho
trong Bng 9 dnh cho thit b ca h thng in h p.
b) Nu khng tha mn c iu kin ghi trong 9.8.3 a) th dy trung tnh ca h thng in h
p phi ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v in (xem TT-b Hnh 4). Trong trng
hp ny, phi p dng 9.9.1.
CH THCH: Nu cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca mng in nm
trong vng nh hng ca dy ni ng th chnh th in p chm s c gi tr bng khng
(0).
9.8.4. Cc h thng IT
a) Ch c ni cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca mng in vo
in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p (xem Hnh 5, 10, 11) khi
c th ct in p s c chm t R x Im ra khi cc b phn ny trong khong thi gian cho
trong Bng 8.
b) Nu khng tha mn c iu kin ghi trong 9.8.4 a), cc b phn c tnh dn in h
ca thit b in h p ca mng in phi ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v in
i vi in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p (xem t Hnh 6
n Hnh 9).
c) Khi cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca mng in ni t xuyn
qua mt in cc t c lp v in i vi in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in
h ca trm bin p nh quy nh trong 9.8.4 b) v khi m bo c mi tng quan gia in
p t ln cch in ca thit b (R x Im x U) v thi gian ct in p ra khi thit b cho trong
Bng 9 dnh cho thit b in h p ca mng in th tng tr trung tnh ca h thng in h
p (nu c) c php ni vo in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm
bin p (xem Hnh 6).
d) Khi cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca mng in ni t xuyn
qua mt in cc t c lp v in i vi in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in
h ca trm bin p nh quy nh trong 9.8.4 b) nhng khng m bo c mi tng quan
gia gi tr in p v thi gian ct ni trong 9.8.4 c) th tng tr trung tnh pha h p (nu c)
phi ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v in (xem Hnh 7 v Hnh 9). Trong trng
hp ny phi p dng 9.9.2.
9.9. hn ch in p c hi cho cch in trong thit b in h p, phi tun th cc quy nh
trong 9.9.1 v 9.9.2 ty thuc tng loi hnh ca h thng ni t pha h p.
9.9.1. Cc h thng TN v TT

Trong cc h thng TN v TT nu dy trung tnh ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v

in i vi in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p (xem TN-b
Hnh 3 v TT-b Hnh 4), phi m bo ct kp thi in p c hi cho cch in (R x I m + U0) ra
khi thit b h p ca trm bin p trong khong thi gian tng thch vi cp cch in ca
thit b h p .
CH THCH: Cp cch in ca thit b h p ca trm bin p c th cao hn gi tr cho trong
Bng 9.
9.9.2. Cc h thng IT
Trong cc h thng IT nu cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b h p ca mng in
v c tng tr trung tnh h p (nu c) u ni t qua cc in cc t c lp v in i vi
in cc t ca trm bin p (xem Hnh 7, Hnh 8 v Hnh 9), phi m bo ct kp thi in p
c hi cho cch in (R x Im + U0) ra khi thit b h p ca trm bin p trong khong thi gian
tng thch vi cp cch in ca thit b h p .
CH THCH: Cp cch in ca thit b h p ca trm bin p c th cao hn gi tr cho trong
Bng 9.
9.10. Tt c cc b phn ca h thng ni t bao gm im ni t trung tnh h p phi c
thit k v lp t sao cho chng khng b h hi khi c dng chm t chy qua. Tuy nhin khi
s dng h thng ni t chung, kch thc ca dy ni t cho thng my bin p phi c
tnh ton trn c s dng chm t ln nht c th xy ra.
9.11. Khi khng th tha mn cc iu kin ca mt h thng ni t chung cho cc thit b in
cao p v h p ca trm bin p cp in cho thit b in h p, c php s dng hai h
thng ni t ring r, mi h thng nh th c mt thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ni vi
in cc t c lp v in i vi in cc t ca h thng kia.
9.11.1. Nhng b phn phi c ni vo thanh ci hoc cc ni t chnh ca thit b in cao
p:
a) Tt c cc b phn kim loi h tip cn c dng ng hoc dy in cao p k c
cc b phn kim loi ni lin v c kh vi cc b phn kim loi h ;
b) V kim loi bao che ca trm bin p v ca thit b in cao p;
c) V thng my bin p;
d) Chng st van cao p;
e) V v cc lp bc kim loi ca cp cao p;
f) Kim loi h ca thanh ging v gn tng cng ca sn v tng.
9.11.2. Nhng b phn phi c ni vo thanh ci hoc cc ni t chnh ca thit b in h
p:
a) im trung tnh h p ca my bin p;
b) Chng st van h p (nu c);
c) V v cc lp bc kim loi ca cp h p;
d) B phn kim loi h ch lin quan n h thng in h p.
9.12. Phi duy tr c ly khng t hn 2 m gia in cc t ca thit b cao p v in cc t
ca thit b h p. C ly gia dy dn chn ngm ni vi cc in cc t ca thit b cao p v
dy dn chn ngm ni vi cc in cc t ca thit b h p cng phi p dng tiu chun ny.
9.13. ni t cho thit b in cao p trong mng c trung tnh ni t hiu qu, phi lp t
mt li ni t gm cc in cc t nm ngang theo chiu di v theo chiu rng ca din tch
t thit b in cao p v c ni vi nhau thnh cc mt li. Phi ni dy ni t ca cc
thit b in cao p vo li ni t ny.

Phi t cc in cc theo chiu di gia cc dy thit b in, dc theo hnh lang phc v hoc
li i li. Cn cc in cc theo chiu rng phi t cc v tr thun tin gia cc thit b in.
Cc in cc nm ngang phi t theo chu vi ca din tch t thit b hnh thnh mt mch
vng kn.
Khong cch gia cc in cc nhn to nm ngang c quy nh bi thit k nhng trong mi
trng hp khng c ln hn 30 m. Kch thc cc li tip gip vi ch ni im trung
tnh ca bin p lc v dao ngn mch vi li ni t khng c ln hn 6 m x 6 m.
Cc in cc nm ngang phi t su khng nh hn 0,5 m v cch mng hay b t thit
b khng t hn 0,8 m.
Cc in cc nm ngang t dc theo chu vi ca din tch t thit b cao p ngoi tri phi
c chn su khng nh hn 1,2 m v cch hng ro khng t hn 2 m. Mch vng ni
t ngoi cng ny nn c dng a gic c cc gc t.
9.14. ni t cc thit b in cao p trong mng c trung tnh cch ly, phi lp t mt mch
vng ni t chy dc theo chu vi ca din tch t cc thit b v ni dy ni t ca cc thit b
vi mch vng ni t ny. Mch vng ni t c th gm nhng in cc nm ngang t
su khng nh hn 0,5 m v cch mng hay b t thit b khng t hn 0,8m. Khi in tr ni
t ln hn gi tr quy nh, phi t thm cc in cc nm ngang gia cc dy thit b in dc
theo hnh lang phc v hay li i li. Cng c th s dng in cc t dng cc nhn ng
thng ng hoc nghing v ni cc nh cc li vi nhau thnh mt mch vng ni t.
9.15. Li ni t ca trm ng ct cao p ngoi tri phi tha mn cc yu cu sau y:
a) Tng tr mch vng chm t phi thp;
b) Tng tr i vi dng cao tn phng in kh quyn phi thp;
c) in p chm v in p bc khng vt qu gi tr cho php;
d) Nhiu n i vi h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh nghip phi mc ti
thiu;
e) in p truyn lan ra ngoi khi c chm t phi mc thp nht;
f) Cc tuyn ng v ng ray i qua hng ro cng trnh thuc khu vc ny phi c on chn
cch ly v in.

CH DN:
HV: Cao p
LV: H p
Hnh 3 - H thng TN

CH DN:
HV: Cao p
LV: H p
Hnh 4 - H thng TT

a) Khng c chm t trong h thng in h p

b) C chm t mt im trong h thng in h p

CH DN:
HV: Cao p
LV: H p
Hnh 5 - H thng IT

a) Khng c chm t mt im trong h thng in h p

b) C chm t mt im trong h thng in h p

CH DN:
HV: Cao p
LV: H p
Hnh 6 - H thng IT

a) Khng c chm t trong h thng in h p

b) C chm t mt im trong h thng in h p

CH DN:
HV: Cao p
LV: H p
Hnh 7 - H thng IT

a) Khng c chm t trong h thng in h p

b) C chm t mt im trong h thng in h p

CH DN:
HV: Cao p
LV: H p
Hnh 8 - H thng IT

a) Khng c chm t trong h thng in h p

b) C chm t mt im trong h thng in h p

CH DN:
HV: Cao p
LV: H p
Hnh 9 - H thng IT

a) Khng c chm t trong h thng in h p

b) C chm t mt im trong h thng in h p

CH DN:
HV: Cao p
LV: H p
Hnh 10 - H thng IT

a) Khng c chm t trong h thng in h p

b) C chm t mt im trong h thng in h p

CH DN:
HV: Cao p
LV: H p
Hnh 11 - H thng IT
10. Lp t ni t cho h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh
10.1. Phi ni t cc thit b thuc cu hnh ca h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my
tnh bo v chng in git cho nhn vin vn hnh v ngi bo tr v cn chng nhiu
cho mch tn hiu.
H thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh c hai hnh thi ni t:
- Ni t khung hay cn gi l ni t bo v;
- Ni t tn hiu hay cn gi l ni t chng nhiu.
Bn trong cc bng v bn iu khin thuc h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh,
hai hnh thi ni t ni trn phi tch bit i vi nhau.
10.2. Trong mi bng hoc bn iu khin phi c mt on thanh ci hoc u cc ni t dnh
ring cho hnh thi ni t khung v phi ni n vi mt trc ni t bng mt dy bo v ring.
Trc ni t ny phi xut pht t mt thanh ci ni t chnh dnh ring cho cc thit b thuc
h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh.

10.3. H thng ni t ca cc thit b iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh tr in cc t

phi hnh thnh c lp, khng cho ni vo cc dy bo v thit b thuc h thng khc.
Ty theo mc nguy him ca cc s c chm t t thun li nht trong h thng cp in i
vi cc thit b iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh v kh nng hn ch in p tng trn
in cc t ca h thng cp in , m thanh ci ni t chnh ca cc thit b iu khin v
gim st s dng my tnh phi:
- Hoc ni vi mt li in cc t c lp v in;
- Hoc c php ni vi li in cc t ca h thng cp in ch ti mt im duy nht.
10.4. Khung kim loi ca mi bng iu khin, bn iu khin, bng ni dy cp ra, t van in
t phi ni t bng mt dy bo v ring ni vo mt trc ni t. Trc ni t ny phi t
trong rnh cp hoc khay cp men theo cc dy t, bng v bn iu khin cho cc dy bo
v ni vo n c chiu di ngn nht. Khng c b cc dy bo v ring ca tng bng hoc
bn iu khin v thay bng cc on dy ni bc cu kiu mt xch gia cc im ni t
khung, v ca cc t, bng hoc bn iu khin vi ni t cho c dy bng mt dy bo v
n.
10.5. Nu cc t, bng hoc bn iu khin c xp theo dy v mi t u c mt on thanh
ci ni t khung th c th ni cc on thnh ci ny vi nhau thnh mt thanh ci t hp
thng qua cc khp ni ch to sn ri ni t cho c dy bng mt dy bo v n.
10.6. Phi ni t khung ca cc t, bng v bn iu khin bng mt dy bo v ni vo mt
trc ni t nu khung c t chm trong b tng sn hoc l mt b phn ca sn gi
nh th hin Hnh 12.
Khng cn ni t khung ca t, bng hoc bn iu khin nu khung c hn vo
cc dm ngang tha mn cc yu cu i vi mt dy ni t.
10.7. Dy ni t bo v ca tng thit b bn trong bng hoc bn iu khin do nh ch to lp
t sn phi l dy ng c tit din thay i t 5,5 mm 2 n 38 mm2. Dy bo v ni khung kim
loi ca mi bng hoc bn iu khin vi trc ni t phi c tit din quy nh bi thit k,
nhng trong mi trng hp khng c nh hn tit din ca dy ni t bo v ln nht trong
bng hoc bn iu khin .
10.8. Thit b o lng iu khin c ngun cp in khc nhau phi c ni t ring bit i
vi nhau ngay c khi chng c lp t cng mt ch tr khi mi tuyn cp in ni trn c mt
bin p cch ly chn vo gia v dy t bin p cch ly ni vi ph ti c cch in tht m
bo v khng ni vi im ni t ca ngun in c lin quan.
10.9. Khi lp t h thng ni t chng nhiu, mi ng dn chng nhiu ca cp tn hiu ch
c php ni t mt pha nh hng dn Hnh 13 v theo cc quy nh sau:
a) V chng nhiu nm trong cch in ca cc cp tn hiu i t cc t MCC n cc bng m
un I/O ca h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh phi ni t chng nhiu mt
pha, thng thc hin trong cc t ni dy cp ra lin quan vi cc bng m un I/O ni trn.
Dy ni v chng nhiu ca cp vi hng kp ni t chng nhiu phi lng trong ghen cch
in.
b) V chng nhiu nm trong cch in ca cc cp tn hiu i t cc cm bin, cc b tc ng
v cc tip im van in t n hp ni trong phn xng v v chng nhiu ca cp tn hiu
c lin quan i t hp ni trong phn xng n cc bng m un I/O ca h thng iu khin
v gim st s dng my tnh phi c ni vi nhau thng qua hng kp dy trung gian cch
in vi t t trong hp ni v v chng nhiu ca cp tn hiu i t hp ni ny n cc
bng m un I/O ca h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh phi ni t chng nhiu
mt pha, thng thc hin trong cc t ni dy cp ra lin quan vi cc bng m un I/O ni
trn. Dy ni v chng nhiu ca cp vi hng kp ni t trung gian v vi hng kp ni t
chng nhiu u phi lng trong ghen cch in.

10.10. Khi lp t cc dy ni t chng nhiu, phi trnh khng chng hnh thnh mt mch
vng kn l nguyn nhn gy ra nhiu cm ng in t.
10.11. u dy ni v chng nhiu ca cp tn hiu phi c ni vi hng kp ni t chng
nhiu bng u ct c l bt vt hoc bng u ty p lun vo l ca hng kp dy c c cu xit
cht.

CH THCH: Tt c cc dy PE phi c tit din 35 mm2

Hnh 12 - Ni t bo v cho h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh

CH DN:
JB: Hp u ni
CB: Hng kp u ni
DL: Kt ni cch ly
Hnh 13 - Ni t chng nhiu cho h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh
11. Kim tra h thng ni t thit b
11.1. Ton b h thng ni t thit b phi c kim tra nghim thu, kim tra nh k v kim
tra t xut nhm chng minh bng thc nghim l n khng c khuyt tt v in v v c v
tha mn mi yu cu ca tiu chun ny.
Cc phng php kim tra phi m bo khng xy ra nguy him cho ngi hoc ti sn
hoc h hng thit b ngay c khi i tng kim tra c khuyt tt.
Phi chun b sn sng cho ngi kim tra cc thng tin cn thit nh:

- Thit k v bn v hon cng ca mt bng lp t in cc, s sp xp cc loi dy bo v

k c dy ni ng th c ghi r s lng, kch thc v chng loi dy;
- Thng tin cn thit nhn dng cc thit b thc hin chc nng bo v, cch ly ng ct v v
tr lp t ca chng;
- Thuyt minh bin php s dng phi hp cc c tnh ca thit b bo v, bin php ni t ca
mng in v tng tr ca mch c lin quan, nhm hn ch ln v thi gian duy tr ca in
p chm khi xy ra s c chm t;
- Chng ch vt liu v bin bn th nghim ca nh cung cp thit b.
11.2. Kim tra nghim thu c thc hin sau khi lp t xong v trc khi a vo s dng. Ni
dung kim tra nghim thu gm:
11.2.1. Kim tra bng mt:
Trc ht phi kim tra cc b phn ca h thng ni t t ngm di t trc khi lp t
hoc trong kt cu trc khi y kn ri mi n cc b phn t ni. Cc bc kim tra bng
mt gm:
- Kim tra thc t lp t so vi thit k;
- Kim tra vic s dng vt liu theo yu cu ca thit k;
- Kim tra tt c cc mi hn, mi ni;
- Kim tra bin php chng n mn;
- Kim tra bin php bo v mch dn chng ph hng c hc, c bit khi i qua cc khe ln,
khe co dn v vt chng ngi khc;
- Kim tra bin php chng in p chm v in p bc nhng ni cn thit;
- Kim tra vic lp t.
11.2.2. Kim tra bng thit b o:
- Thng mch v kim tra cht lng u ni ca dy ni t bo v thuc cc mch cp in
cho ph ti mch vng;
- Thng mch v kim tra cht lng u ni ca tt c cc dy bo v k c cc dy ni ng
th chnh v dy ni ng th b sung;
- o in tr ca in cc t;
- o tng tr mch vng chm t;
- Kim tra tc ng ca thit b dng in d.
11.3. Kim tra nh k phi thc hin theo thi gian quy nh sau:
a) i vi h thng ni t lp t ni t nguy him, thc hin hai nm mt ln;
b) i vi h thng ni t lp t ni nguy him, thc hin mt nm mt ln;
c) i vi h thng ni t lp t ni c bit nguy him, thc hin su thng mt ln.
CH THCH 1: Phi o in tr ni t ca h thng c v ma kh ln ma ma;
CH THCH 2: Xem Ph lc A: Phn loi ni lp t h thng ni t theo mc nguy him.
11.4. Kim tra t xut phi thc hin:
- Khi xy ra tai nn, s c hoc c nguy c xy ra tai nn;
- Sau khi sa cha h thng ni t hoc lp t li thit b in;
- Sau khi c lt, bo, ng t, ha hon nh hng xu n cht lng ca h thng ni t
thit b;

- Khi xy dng mi hay sa cha cc cng trnh khc c kh nng lm h hng cc b phn ca
h thng ni t.
11.5. Ni dung kim tra nh k v kim tra t xut gm:
- Kim tra ton b h thng ni t;
- Kim tra cc mi hn, mi ni;
- Kim tra tnh trng cc lp m hoc sn chng n mn;
- Kim tra cc mt tip xc v in;
- Kim tra phn ngm, ch no nghi ng phi o ln;
- Kim tra tnh trng t;
- o in tr ca in cc t;
- o tng tr mch vng chm t;
- Kim tra tc ng ca thit b dng in d.
11.6. Sau khi tin hnh kim tra h thng ni t ph hp vi cc yu cu ca tiu chun ny,
n v kim tra phi lp cc bin bn kim tra cn thit trao cho n v giao vic. Mi thiu st
c pht hin trong qu trnh kim tra phi c khc phc v hon thin trc khi cp chng
ch.
PH LC A
(Quy nh)
Phn loi ni lp t h thng ni t theo mc nguy him
Ni lp t h thng ni t thit b c phn loi theo mc nguy him v in nh sau:
A.1. Ni nguy him
Ni c mt trong cc yu t sau:
a) m hoc c bi dn in ( m tng i ca khng kh vt qu 75 % trong thi gian di
hoc c bi dn in bm vo dy dn v lt vo trong thit b in);
b) Nn nh dn in (bng kim loi, t, b tng, ct thp, gch hoc tng t);
c) Nhit cao (nhit khng kh vt qu 35 0C trong thi gian di hn mt ngy m);
d) Nhng ni ngi c th ng thi tip xc vi mt bn l cc kt cu kim loi ca nh xng,
my mc, thit b cng ngh hoc tng t ni t v vi mt bn l cc b phn kim loi
h ca thit b in.
A.2. Ni c bit nguy him
Ni c mt trong cc yu t sau:
e) Rt m ( m tng i ca khng kh xp x 100 %, th hin trn, tng, sn nh v
vt trong nh c ng sng);
f) Mi trng c hot tnh ha hc (thng xuyn hay trong thi gian di c cha hi, kh, cht
lng c th to nn cc cht n mn, nm mc dn n ph hy cch in v cc b phn mang
in ca thit b in);
g) ng thi c hai hoc nhiu hn hai yu t ca ni nguy him nu trong A.1.
A.3. Ni t nguy him
Ni khng thuc hai loi ni trn.

MC LC
1. Phm vi p dng
2. Ti liu vin dn
3. Thut ng v nh ngha
4. Quy nh chung
5. Lp t in cc t
6. Lp t dy ni t chnh
7. Lp t dy bo v ca h thng ni t thit b cng nghip
8. Lp t dy ni ng th
9. Lp t h thng ni t thit b in cao p v h thng h p ca trm bin p
10. Lp t ni t cho h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh
11. Kim tra h thng ni t thit b
Ph lc A (quy nh) Phn loi ni lp t h thng ni t theo mc nguy him