DE GUZMAN, Marc Jason S.

BS ME - 3
MACHINERIES AND EQUIPMENTS IN A RANKINE CYCLE
Pump
- The working fluid is pumped from low to high pressure. As the fluid is a liquid at this stage, the pump
requires little input energy.
- Isentropic
Boiler
- The high pressure liquid enters a boiler where it is heated at constant pressure by an

external heat source to become a dry saturated vapor. The input energy required can be
easily calculated using boiler diagram or h-s chart or enthalpy-entropy chart also known
as steam tables.
- Constant pressure heat addition
Turbine
- The dry saturated vapor expands through a turbine, generating power. This decreases the
temperature and pressure of the vapor, and some condensation may occur. The output in this process
can be easily calculated using the Enthalpy-entropy chart or the steam tables.
- Isentropic
Condenser
- The wet vapor then enters a condenser where it is condensed at a constant pressure to become
a saturated liquid.
- Constant pressure heat rejection
Evaporator

- The solution containing the desired product is fed into the evaporator and passes across a
heat source. The applied heat converts the water in the solution into vapor. The vapor is
removed from the rest of the solution and is condensed while the now-concentrated solution
is either fed into a second evaporator or is removed. The evaporator, as a machine,
generally consists of four sections. The heating section contains the heating medium, which
can vary. Steam is fed into this section. The most common medium consists of parallel tubes
but others have plates or coils typically made from copper or aluminum. The concentrating
and separating section removes the vapor being produced from the solution. The condenser
condenses the separated vapor, then the vacuum or pump provides pressure to increase
circulation.
Gas Compressor
- A gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing
its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor.

DE GUZMAN, Marc Jason S.

BS ME - 3
Compressors are similar to pumps: both increase the pressure on a fluid and both can transport the
fluid through a pipe. As gases are compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume of a gas.
- Isentropic
Feed Water Heater (FWH)
- A feed water heater is a power plant component used to pre-heat water delivered to
a steam generating boiler. Preheating the feed water reduces the irreversibilities involved in steam
generation and therefore improves the thermodynamic efficiency of the system.
Combustion chamber
- The combustion process increases the internal energy of a gas, which translates into an increase in
temperature, pressure, or volume depending on the configuration. In an enclosure, for example the
cylinder of a reciprocating engine, the volume is controlled and the combustion creates an increase in
pressure.
Generator
- Supplies power.

DE GUZMAN, Marc Jason S.

BS ME - 3

Power of x.

c=0

xn = n x(n-1)
Proof

x=1

Exponential / Logarithmic
ex = ex
Proof

bx = bx ln(b)
Proof

ln(x) = 1/x
Proof

Trigonometric
sin x = cos x
Proof

csc x = -csc x cot x

Proof

cos x = - sin x
Proof

sec x = sec x tan x

Proof

tan x = sec2 x
Proof

cot x = - csc2 x
Proof

Inverse Trigonometric
-1

1
arcsin x =

(1 - x2)

arccsc x =

-1
arccos x =

(1 - x2)

arcsec x =

Hyperbolic

1 + x2

|x| (x2 - 1)
-1

1
arctan x =

|x| (x2 - 1)

arccot x =

1 + x2

DE GUZMAN, Marc Jason S.

BS ME - 3

sinh x = cosh x
Proof

csch x = - coth x csch x

Proof

cosh x = sinh x
Proof

sech x = - tanh x sech x

Proof

tanh x = 1 - tanh2 x
Proof

coth x = 1 - coth2 x
Proof

DE GUZMAN, Marc Jason S.

BS ME - 3

Reciprocal identities

Pythagorean Identities

Quotient Identities

Co-Function Identities

Even-Odd Identities

Sum-Difference Formulas

Double Angle Formulas

DE GUZMAN, Marc Jason S.

BS ME - 3

Power-Reducing/Half Angle Formulas

Sum-to-Product Formulas

Product-to-Sum Formulas