LVTN Do Xuan Hoa

Lun vn tt nghip
Li cm n
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LI CM N
Li u tin em xin trn trng by t lng bit n su sc n thy Mai Cao
Ln. Thy truyn t cho em nhng kin thc l thuyt c s qu bu, ch dn
cho em phng php hc tp hiu qu, cch phn tch v gii quyt vn , gip
em ngun ti liu tham kho quan trng, cng nh to iu kin cho em c thc
tp, v Thy l ngi tn tnh hng dn em trong sut thi gian thc hin lun vn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n anh Nguyn Vit Vn, ngi hng dn v gip
em tng bc hon thnh lun vn tt nghip, gip em lin h kin thc gia l
thuyt v thc tin. Em tht s cm n v nhng kin thc thc t rt hu ch m anh
ch dn trong sut qu trnh thc tp. Bn cnh , em cng xin c gi li cm
n su sc n cc anh ch phng Khai Thc Hong Long Hon V JOC nhit
tnh gip v sn sng gii p nhng thc mc ca em trong sut qu trnh thc
tp.
Em mun c by t lng bit n trn trng n cc thy c trng i hc
Bch Khoa HQG Tp.HCM, c bit l cc thy c khoa KT a cht v Du kh,
cc thy b mn Khoan v Khai Thc Du Kh tn tnh ging dy, ch bo v
gip em trong sut thi gian trn ging ng i hc.
Em cng xin gi li cm n n Ban lnh o Cng ty iu hnh chung du
kh Hong Long Hon V JOC, Ts. Ng Hu Hi, ng V Vn Cng, to iu
kin cho em thc tp v hon thnh tt lun vn ny.
Con xin gi li tri n su sc n Ba M, cm n Ba M sinh thnh, nui
dng v dy d con nn ngi. Ba M lun l ngun ng vin ln nht v to
cho con nhng iu kin tt nht trn bc ng hc tp v trng thnh. i vi
con, gia nh lun l ch da ln lao trong cuc i ny.
Sau cng, ti mun cm n cc anh ch sinh vin khoa K Thut a Cht &
Du Kh, cc bn cng kha v cc em sinh vin kha sau cng ti ng hnh trn
bc ng hc tp.
XUN HA
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SVTH: Xun Ha-MSSV: 30800690
Lun vn tt nghip
Tm tt lun vn
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TM TT LUN VN
Ngy nay, vic kt ni h thng cc ng ng vn chuyn du kh ni m hoc
m cn bin l mt trong nhng phng n pht trin c nh gi cao v hiu qu
kinh t t c. Tuy nhin, bn cnh , nhiu ri ro lun tn n trong qu trnh vn
hnh h thng ng ng ny, c bit i vi nhng ng ng ngm di hng chc
kilomet di y bin. Do , trong lun vn ny, gii php ti u ha qu trnh vn
chuyn hn hp du kh trong ng ng ngm di bin nhm m bo tnh n nh
dng chy trong ng, gim thiu ri ro v chi ph vn hnh c thc hin.
Trong phn u ca lun vn, c s l thuyt v ti u ha s c trnh by
mt cch tng quan nhm xc nh mc ch, i tng v cc phng php s dng
cho vic ti u. Tip , c s l thuyt v tnh ton nhm xy dng m hnh dng
chy a pha trong ng ng vn chuyn c trnh by. C s xy dng m hnh
dng chy a pha l cc phng trnh vi phn c thit lp cho tng pha ca cht lu.
i tng nghin cu c th ca lun vn l ti u ha qu trnh vn chuyn
hn hp du kh bng ng ng ngm di bin t m C Ng Vng n gin x l
trung tm s 3 ca m Bch H. Da trn c s l thuyt trnh by nhng phn
u, cc thnh phn, tnh cht cht lu v hin trng lm vic thc t trong ng ng
vn chuyn ny c tin hnh phn tch v a ra nhn xt. Sau qu trnh phn tch
ny, cc quy trnh ti u ha c xy dng chi tit bao gm thu thp v x l cc s
liu u vo cn thit phc v cho vic xy dng m hnh, hiu chnh m hnh, s dng
m hnh m phng bi ton.
Kt qu t c sau qu trnh m phng l s biu din p sut, nhit , t
phn lng, tc ng s hnh thnh cc nt kh trong h thng ng ng vn chuyn
vi cc ch lm vic khc nhau. Trn c s phn tch v nh gi cc kt qu ny,
vic xut phng n hp l nhm ci thin hiu sut vn chuyn cng nh gim
thiu ri ro v tit kim chi ph x l c thc hin.
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ii
Lun vn tt nghip
Mc lc
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MC LC
MC LC ...................................................................................................................... iii
DANH SCH HNH NH .............................................................................................. v
DANH SCH BNG BIU ........................................................................................ viii
CH VIT TT .............................................................................................................ix
M U .......................................................................................................................... x
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V TI U HA VN CHUYN DU KH BNG
NG NG KT NI................................................................................................. 1
1.1. Tng quan v ti u ha vn chuyn du kh bng ng ng kt ni.............. 1
1.2. Mc ch ca vic ti u ha vn chuyn du kh trong ng ng ................. 2
1.3. Phng php ti u ha ...................................................................................... 3
1.3.1.
Mc tiu ti u ha................................................................................... 3
1.3.2.
Cc thng s kim sot qu trnh ti u ha ............................................ 3
1.3.3.
Cc phng php s dng cho qu trnh ti u ha................................. 3
CHNG 2: C S L THUYT DNG CHY A PHA TRONG NG NG

VN CHUYN ............................................................................................................... 8
2.1. Tng quan v dng chy a pha ......................................................................... 8
2.1.1
Cc ch dng chy trong ng ng nm ngang.................................... 8
2.1.2
Cc ch dng chy trong ng ng thng ng ................................ 10
2.1.3
Biu ch dng chy (Flow regime maps) ........................................ 11
2.2
C s tnh ton v xy dng m hnh dng chy hai pha ................................ 15
2.2.1.
Phng trnh bo ton khi lng .......................................................... 15
2.2.2.
Phng trnh bo ton ng lng ......................................................... 16
2.2.3.
Phng trnh bo ton nng lng ......................................................... 17
2.2.4.
Phng trnh p sut ............................................................................... 18
2.2.5.
S truyn khi gia b mt phn cch cc pha ...................................... 18
2.3. Cc tnh cht c bn ca cht lu vn chuyn trong ng ng ...................... 19

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iii
Lun vn tt nghip
Mc lc
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2.3.1.
Tnh lu bin .......................................................................................... 19
2.3.2.
Nhit kt tinh ..................................................................................... 24
2.3.3.
Nhit ng c................................................................................... 24
2.3.4.
lu
nh hng ha phm gim nhit ng c n cc tnh cht ca cht

................................................................................................................ 25
CHNG 3: M PHNG QU TRNH NHIT THY NG DNG CHY

TRONG NG NG KT NI M C NG VNG N M BCH H V
XUT PHNG N TI U HA QU TRNH VN CHUYN HN HP
DU KH ....................................................................................................................... 30
3.1. Tng quan h thng kt ni m C Ng Vng m Bch H ........................ 30
3.1.1.
Gii thiu chung m C Ng Vng ........................................................ 30
3.1.2.
H thng ng ng kt ni CNV CPP3 ............................................ 31
3.1.3.
Thnh phn v tnh cht du th CNV ................................................... 33
3.1.4.
Hin trng lm vic thc t trong ng ng vn chuyn du kh CNV
CPP3 ................................................................................................................ 41
3.2. Xy dng m hnh dng chy a pha trong ng ng vn chuyn ................ 50
3.2.1.
Cc d liu thc t cn thit cho vic xy dng m hnh ...................... 51
3.2.2.
chuyn
Xy dng m hnh nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng vn

................................................................................................................ 53
3.2.3.
chuyn
Hiu chnh m hnh nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng vn

................................................................................................................ 54
3.3. M phng qu trnh nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng v xut

phng n ti u ha vn chuyn hn hp du kh ................................................... 57
3.3.1.
M phng qu trnh nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng vn
chuyn vi ch lu lng hot ng hin thi.................................................. 57
3.3.2.
M phng qu trnh nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng vn
chuyn vi cc ch lu lng khc nhau .......................................................... 59
KT LUN V KIN NGH........................................................................................ 84
TI LIU THAM KHO.............................................................................................. 87
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iv
Lun vn tt nghip
Danh sch hnh nh
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DANH SCH HNH NH

Hnh 1.1 Mc ch ti u ha vn chuyn du kh trong ng ng ........................... 2
Hnh 1.2 Cc lp bc cch nhit ng ng vn chuyn CNV CPP3 [9] .................. 4
Hnh 1.3 Hnh dng con thoi 8.5" ................................................................................. 7
Hnh 1.4 Hnh dng con thoi 9.25" ............................................................................... 7
Hnh 2.1 Cc ch dng chy trong ng ng nm ngang [3] ............................... 10

Hnh 2.2 Cc ch dng chy trong ng ng thng ng [3] .............................. 10
Hnh 2.3 Biu ch dng chy Beggs & Brill (1973) cho ng ngang [3] ............ 13
Hnh 2.4 Biu ch dng chy Taitel v Dukler (1976) cho ng ngang [3] ........ 15
Hnh 2.5 Cc m hnh cht lng Newton v phi Newton [2] ....................................... 20
Hnh 2.6 Hnh v biu din ng sut trt ca cht lng Newton [2] ......................... 21
Hnh 2.7 Cc tinh th paraffin trc (tri) v sau (phi) khi s dng ha phm [16]. 26
Hnh 2.8 Kt qu th nghim cc cht lm gim nhit ng c khc nhau vi cc
liu lng khc nhau ...................................................................................................... 27
Hnh 2.9 nh hng ca cc cht PPD vi liu lng 1000ppm n cn ban u
........................................................................................................................................ 28
Hnh 2.10 nh hng ca cc cht PPD vi liu lng 1000ppm n nht ng
hc du ca CNV ........................................................................................................... 28
Hnh 3.1 S v tr m C Ng Vng [9] ................................................................... 30

Hnh 3.2 S vn chuyn du kh t CNV WHP [9] ................................................. 31
Hnh 3.3 th biu din s thay i tc lng ng paraffin khi gim nhit .. 35
Hnh 3.4 th biu din hm lng % paraffin ha tan trong du theo nhit ... 36
Hnh 3.5 th biu din bin thin nht ng hc STO theo nhit ................ 38
Hnh 3.6 th biu din bin thin nht ng hc Live Crude theo nhit ..... 39
Hnh 3.7 th so snh nht ng hc bin thin theo nhit ca STO & Live
crude ............................................................................................................................... 40
Hnh 3.8 th biu din lu lng v p sut lm vic trn CNV & CPP-3 ........... 43
Hnh 3.9 th biu din lu lng v nhit lm vic trn CNV & CPP-3 ......... 44
Hnh 3.10 Quan h gia lu lng v p sut trong ng ng CNV- CPP3, 1st ..... 45
Hnh 3.11 Quan h gia lu lng v p sut trong ng ng CNV- CPP3, 2nd .... 45
Hnh 3.12 Quan h gia lu lng v p sut trong ng ng CNV- CPP3, 3rd .... 46
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Lun vn tt nghip
Danh sch hnh nh
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Hnh 3.13 Quan h gia lu lng v p sut trong ng ng CNV- CPP3, 4th ..... 46
Hnh 3.14 Quan h gia lu lng v p sut trong ng ng CNV- CPP3, 5th ..... 47
Hnh 3.15 S quy trnh m phng chung cho bi ton ti u ha qu trnh vn
chuyn du kh trong thc t .......................................................................................... 49
Hnh 3.16 S m t cc bc chung trong qu trnh xy dng m hnh ............... 50
Hnh 3.17 th m phng mt ct tuyn ng CNV-CPP3 trn OLGA 7.0 .............. 52
Hnh 3.18 M hnh h thng ng ng vn chuyn hn hp du kh CNV CPP3 53
Hnh 3.19 Kt qu m phng p sut trn CNV & CPP3 trong 24h (start-up) sau khi
chy m hnh. ................................................................................................................. 53
Hnh 3.20 Kt qu m phng nhit trn CNV & CPP-3 trong 24h (start-up) sau
khi chy m hnh ............................................................................................................ 54
Hnh 3.21 Kt qu p sut o thc th trn CNV v CPP-3 trong 24h ...................... 55
Hnh 3.22 Kt qu nhit o thc t trn CNV & CPP-3 trong 24h ....................... 55
Hnh 3.23 Kt qu hiu chnh p sut thc t v m phng trn CNV & CPP3 ........ 56
Hnh 3.24 Kt qu hiu chnh nhit thc t v m phng trn CNV & CPP3 ....... 56
Hnh 3.25 th biu din mi quan h gia nhit v p sut sau cn tit lu ... 57
Hnh 3.26 Kt qu m phng bin thin p sut trong ng ng vn chuyn CNV CPP3 .............................................................................................................................. 58
Hnh 3.27 Kt qu m phng bin thin nhit trong ng ng vn chuyn CNV CPP3 .............................................................................................................................. 59
Hnh 3.28 Kt qu m phng p sut v nhit trong ng ng sau 24h
(6000STB/d) ................................................................................................................... 60
Hnh 3.29 Kt qu m phng vn tc v t phn lng trong ng ng sau 24h ...... 61
Hnh 3.30 Kt qu m phng lu lng dng chy ti CPP-3 ................................... 61
(5000STB/d) ................................................................................................................... 62
(3000STB/d 40bar) ...................................................................................................... 64
(3000STB/d 17bar) ...................................................................................................... 66
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vi
Lun vn tt nghip
Danh sch hnh nh
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(2000STB/d) ................................................................................................................... 68
Hnh 3.43 Lu lng th tch ti CPP-3 (2000 bbl/d) ................................................ 70
Hnh 3.44 S nt kh ti CPP-3 (2000 bbl/d) .............................................................. 71
Hnh 3.45 Chiu di nt kh ti CPP-3 (2000 bbl/d) .................................................. 71
Hnh 3.46 Lu lng cng dn ti CPP-3 (2000 bbl/d) ............................................. 72
Hnh 3.47 So snh th tch lng thay i t ngt ti CPP-3 2000 bbl/d & 5000
bbl/d ................................................................................................................................ 72
(1000STB/d) ................................................................................................................... 73
Hnh 3.51 Lu lng th tch ti CPP-3 (1000 bbl/d) ................................................ 75
Hnh 3.52 S nt kh ti CPP-3 (1000 bbl/d) .............................................................. 76
Hnh 3.53 Chiu di nt kh ti CPP-3 (1000 bbl/d) .................................................. 76
Hnh 3.54 Lu lng cng dn ti CPP-3 (1000 bbl/d) ............................................. 77
bbl/d ................................................................................................................................ 77
Hnh 3.56 th biu din kt qu phn tch nhit ng c vi cc liu lng
cht c ch khc nhau .................................................................................................... 79
Hnh 3.57 th biu din hiu qu ca ha phm PPD n nht ca du CNV 81
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vii
Lun vn tt nghip
Danh sch bng biu
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DANH SCH BNG BIU

Bng 1.1 Cc c tnh c bn ca ng ng vn chuyn CNV CPP3 [9] ................ 5
Bng 2.1 Bng lit k cc cht PPD s dng cho vic sng lc ................................ 26
Bng 2.2 Bng kt qu nh gi hiu qu s dng cc loi PPD khc nhau ............ 29
Bng 3.1 Cc c tnh k thut ca ng ng ngm khai thc [9] ............................ 32
Bng 3.2 Kt qu phn tch cc thnh phn trong du th 9.2-CNV-4XST, DST#1 .. 33
Bng 3.3 Cc thng s c bn ca du th CNV........................................................ 34
Bng 3.4 Kt qu phn tch kh nng lng ng ca du CNV ................................. 35
Bng 3.5 Kt qu phn tch hm lng ha tan paraffin trong du theo nhit ..... 36
Bng 3.6 Cc gi tr nht ng lc du CNV cc nhit khc nhau .............. 37
Bng 3.7 Cc thng s lm vic trong ng ng vn chuyn CNV - CPP-3 ........... 42
Bng 3.8 D liu thnh phn cht lu CNV trn PVTsim 19.0 .................................. 51
Bng 3.9 D liu p sut, nhit v lu lng ........................................................ 51
Bng 3.10 D liu c bn vt liu ca ng ng ..................................................... 52
Bng 3.11 D liu nhit v p sut sau cn tit lu .............................................. 57
Bng 3.12 Cc trng hp m phng ch dng chy n nh trong ng ng .. 58
Bng 3.13 D liu m phng cc ch lu lng khc nhau .................................. 59
Bng 3.14 Kt qu m phng nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng vi cc
ch lu lng khc nhau ........................................................................................... 78
Bng 3.15 Kt qu phn tch nhit ng c cc liu lng cht c ch khc
nhau ................................................................................................................................ 79
Bng 3.16 Kt qu th nghim xc nh nh hng ca ha phm n nht ng
hc ca du CNV ........................................................................................................... 80
Bng 3.17 Bng nh lng ha phm cho cc lu lng vn chuyn khc nhau .... 82
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viii
Lun vn tt nghip
Ch vit tt
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CH VIT TT
Ch vit tt
M t
API
American Petroleum Institute
ASTM
American Society of Testing and Materials
BH
Bach Ho
CNV WHP
Ca Ngu Vang Well Head Platform
CPP
JV Vietsovpetros Central Processing Platform at Bach Ho field
CPM
Cross Polarized Micoscope
CWC
Concrete Weight Coating
DSC
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
FSO
Floating Storage and Offloading
FPSO
Floating Production Storage and Offloading
GOR
Gas Oil Ratio
NIR
Near infrared
ID
Inner Diameter
OD
Outside Diameter
PP
Polypropylene
PPD
Pour Point Depressant
PU
Polyurethane
STO
Stock Tank Oil
WAT
Wax Appearance Temperature
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ix
Lun vn tt nghip
M u
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M U
1. Tnh cp thit ca ti
Du kh l ngun nng lng quan trng pht trin nn kinh t. Ngnh cng
nghip du kh ng gp hn 25% tng ngn sch nh nc. Nhm p ng nhu cu
tiu th du kh ngy cng gia tng ca th trng trong nc cng nh m bo pht
trin kinh t t nc i hi pht trin nhanh v hiu qu cc m du kh, c bit l
cc m c tr lng thu hi nh. Vic nghin cu v a ra cc phng n pht
trin cc m nh ti Vit Nam c ngha quan trng v cp thit trong giai on hin
nay. Mt trong nhng nhng phng n tt nht c ng dng ti cc cng ty iu
hnh du kh l phng n pht trin kt ni. Vi phng n ny, sn phm du kh sau
khi c khai thc ln t cc gin u ging cc m nh s c vn chuyn thng
qua h thng ng ng ngm di bin n h thng x l ti cc gin x l trung
tm hoc cc tu x l v cha FSO.
Vic ti u ha qu trnh vn chuyn hn hp du kh xut pht t nhu cu d
n thc tin gia Hon V JOC kt hp vi Vietsovpetro v ng ng kt ni di
25km t m C Ng Vng ca n gin x l trung tm s 3 m Bch H. Vi mt h
thng ng ng di nh vy, qu trnh vn chuyn lun gp nhiu tim n ri ro cao
nh lng ng paraffin trong ng ng, s hnh thnh cc nt kh, s thay i iu
kin lm vic trong qu trnh vn hnh ng ng,... Tc ng ca nhng vic ny s
lm tc nghn ng ng, gy cn tr s di chuyn ca cht lu, to nn s tch p v
gim nng sut vn chuyn trong ng Cho nn, vic nghin cu, xut cc phng
n cng ngh hp l v lp ra bin php kim sot thch hp nhm m bo tnh n
nh ca dng chy, hn ch ri ro trong qu trnh vn hnh ng ng l mt trong
nhng vn c quan tm hng u hin nay. Chnh v vy, ti lun vn TI U
HA QU TRNH VN CHUYN DU KH TRONG NG NG NGM DI BIN T
M C NG VNG N GIN X L TRUNG TM S 3 M BCH H c nghin
cu.
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Lun vn tt nghip
M u
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2. Tnh hnh nghin cu lin quan n ti

Trn th gii, mt s cng trnh nghin cu v vic ti u ha vn chuyn
hn hp du kh a pha trong h thng ng ng kt ni da trn cc vn xy ra
trong thc t. Trong bi bo (Leksono Mucharam, Septoratno Siregar, Darmadi,
Musyoffi Yahya, Achirul Akbar, 2008), da trn cc phng trnh bo ton nng lng
v phng php Newton-Raphson kt hp vi vic phn tch, nh gi ch dng
chy v cc thnh phn, tnh cht ca cht lu vn chuyn trong ng ng, tc gi
xy dng thnh cng m hnh d bo c qu trnh tn tht p sut v nhit ca
cht lu trong sut qu trnh vn chuyn. M hnh ny c ng dng trong nhiu
bi ton ti u ha vn chuyn hn hp du kh a pha, c bit l du cha nhiu hm
lng paraffin. Bi bo (Jinya Zhang; Hongwu Zhu; Yan Li; Chun Yang, 2009) da
trn thut ton di truyn, tc gi xy dng ln hm a mc tiu cho bi ton ti u
ha qu trnh vn chuyn hn hp du kh a pha trong h thng ng ng vn
chuyn. Thng qua phng php ny, cc yu t v kinh t cng nh hot ng ca
cht lu trong ng ng (ch thy lc, nhit ng) c ci thin kh hiu qu
v gim thiu c nhiu ri ro trong sut qu trnh vn hnh.
Ti Vit Nam, mt s cng trnh nghin cu cc gii php cho vic ti u ha
v m bo ch dng chy trong ng ng vn chuyn hn hp du kh. Trong bi
bo ca (Nguyen Thuc Khang, Ha Van Bich, Tong Canh Son, Le Dinh Hoe, JV
Vietsovpetro; Phung Dinh Thuc, PVEP Vietnam, 2004), tc gi xy dng mt
phng php kh hiu qu cho vic qun l ch dng chy a pha trong h thng
ng ng vn chuyn - phng php thng k da trn d liu thc t phn tch s
dao ng p sut v xc nh cc thng s tc thi nh Hausdorff's Dimension D,
Hurst's Index H v Entropies E.
Bn cnh , mt s cng trnh v ang c nghin cu v vic m bo
dng chy trong ng ng vn chuyn cc cng ty iu hnh du kh nh Hon V
JOC kt hp vi Vietsovpetro lin quan n ng ng kt ni t m C Ng Vng v
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xi
Lun vn tt nghip
M u
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gin x l trung tm CPP-3 ca m Bch H, Hong Long JOC kt hp vi Thng

Long JOC lin quan n d n kt ni ng ng t HST/HSD v gin TGT-H1 ca
m T Gic Trng.
3. Mc ch, i tng v phm vi nghin cu
Mc ch ca ti l m phng cc ch lm vic khc nhau trong ng
ng vn chuyn du kh t m C Ng Vng n m Bch H nhm xc nh lu
lng lm vic ti thiu m ti cht lu cn c th di chuyn c trong ng ng
v tm ra phng n hp l gim thiu ri ro nh lng ng paraffin, s hnh thnh nt
kh,... t c mc ch trn, lun vn tp trung vo cc ni dung nghin cu sau :
-
Kho st mt cch h thng tng quan v ti u ha qu trnh vn chuyn

du kh trong ng ng.
Tm hiu cc m hnh dng chy v c s xy dng m hnh dng chy

trong ng ng vn chuyn du kh a pha.
ng dng phn mm OLGA 7.0 m phng v phn tch cc ch lm vic

khc nhau trong ng ng vn chuyn du kh v xut phng n gim
thiu cc ri ro trong qu trnh vn hnh.
4. Phng php nghin cu

Phng php nghin cu c s dng trong ti bao gm:
-
H thng ha c s tnh ton dng chy & l thuyt ti u ha trong ng

ng vn chuyn.
Phn tch s liu cc th nghim.
M hnh ha v m phng vi s h tr ca phn mm OLGA 7.0.
Phng php phn tch nh hng (Sensitivity analysis).
5. Ti liu c s ca lun vn
Lun vn c xy dng trn c s ca cc ti liu v l thuyt dng chy a
pha trong ng ng, l thuyt v thu gom & vn chuyn du kh a pha trong ng
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Lun vn tt nghip
M u
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ng v mt s bi bo SPE. Ngoi ra, lun vn cn s dng cc ti liu k thut, ti

liu hng dn s dng phn mm OLGA ca cng ty SPT Group Schlumberger,
mt s bo co v m bo dng chy trong ng ng vn chuyn ca cc cng ty
du kh.
6. Cu trc ca lun vn
Lun vn bao gm cc chng chnh sau:
Chng 1: Tng quan v ti u ha vn chuyn du kh bng ng ng kt ni
Gii thiu mt cch tng quan v ti u ha vn chuyn du kh bng ng
ng v mc ch ca vic ti u ny. Bn cnh , cc phng php c s dng cho
bi ton ti u trong thc t hin nay cng c trnh by trong chng ny.
Chng 2: C s l thuyt v dng chy a pha trong ng ng vn chuyn
Trnh by mt cch tng qut l thuyt v dng chy a pha, cc tnh cht c
bn ca cht lu vn chuyn trong ng ng v cc phng trnh ton hc gip m
phng dng chy a pha trong ng ng.
Chng 3: M phng qu trnh nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng kt
ni m C Ng Vng n m Bch H v xut phng n ti u ha qu
trnh vn chuyn hn hp du kh
Lun vn trnh by s lc tng quan v m C Ng Vng. Thm vo , cc l
thuyt v dng chy a pha v tnh cht ca cht lu vn chuyn trong ng ng
chng 2 c s dng phn tch cc tnh cht ha l ca du th CNV cng nh
cc thng s lm vic thc t trong ng ng vn chuyn t CNV CPP3. Sau qu
trnh phn tch ny, cc quy trnh m phng c xut. Cui cng, m hnh nhit
thy ng dng chy trong ng ng vn chuyn hn hp du kh c xy dng da
trn cc phng trnh ton hc cp trong chng 2 v phc v cho vic m
phng bi ton ti u ha.
______________________________________________________________________
xiii
Lun vn tt nghip
Tng quan ti u ha vn chuyn du kh
____________________________________________________________________________
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V TI U HA VN CHUYN

DU KH BNG NG NG KT NI
1.1.
Tng quan v ti u ha vn chuyn du kh bng ng ng kt ni

Trn thc t, vic pht trin cc m nh l mt bi ton kh khn do c nhiu
ri ro, chi ph u t v vn hnh tnh trn mi n v thu hi ln. V vy, pht trin
cc m nh, vic la chn v p dng phng n cng ngh mi thch hp trong lnh
vc vn chuyn l u tin hng u. Trong , phng n pht trin kt ni bng
ng ng c nh gi cao v hiu qu kinh t t c. Vi phng n ny, cc h
thng thit b x l v c s h tng sn c cc m ln cn c tn dng kh hiu
qu cho vic pht trin cc m mi.
c mt s d n pht trin theo phng n ny bao gm m C Ng Vng
(l 09.2, Hon V JOC), m Nam Rng i Mi (l 09.3, cng ty VRJ) v Phng
ng (L 15.1, JVPC). M C Ng Vng v Nam Rng i Mi c ni v h
thng thit b ti m Bch H (Vietsovpetro), m Phng ng c kt ni vo h
thng thit b ca m Rng ng.
Vic chia x thit b thu gom, khai thc, x l v vn hnh chung gia cc m
ln cn gip gim thiu hng trm triu USD chi ph u t v pht trin khai thc.
Nhng bn cnh , cc ri ro lun tn ti i vi h thng ng ng kt ni kh di
gia cc m vi nhau nh lng ng paraffin gy tc nghn, ngng hot ng h thng
ng ng kt ni CNV-CPP3 (2008), s hnh thnh cc nt kh tc ng xu n
ng ng (s tch p trong ng ng gy nguy c n ng) v kh nng tip nhn ca
h thng bnh tch s cp (qu trnh bin i t ngt lng cht lng trc khi vo
bnh tch)... Trc tnh hnh thc t ny, vic kho st bi ton ti u ha vn chuyn
nhm m bo dng chy trong ng ng lun hot ng trng thi tt nht l rt
cn thit. C th, cng ty iu hnh chung du kh Hong Long Hon V JOC v
ang nghin cu vic x l ha phm gim nhit ng c cho du CNV, vic
SVTH: Xun Ha MSSV: 30800690
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
phng thoi nh k no vt ng ng loi b paraffin lng ng trn thnh ng, lu

lng vn chuyn hp l nht cho mi giai on khai thc ph hp vi iu kin thc
t ca ng ng
1.2.
Mc ch ca vic ti u ha vn chuyn du kh trong ng ng

Trn thc t, h thng ng ng vn chuyn du kh trong ng ng ngm
di bin ni m vi nhau lun i mt vi s dao ng p sut, nhit v lu lng

vn chuyn ca cht lu trong ng. Cc yu t ny c th gy ra s phc tp v tnh
mt n nh trong vn chuyn du kh c bit i vi cc h thng ng ng di
hng chc kilomet di y bin. V vy, cng tc ti u ha - m bo dng chy
trong ng ng lun c tin hnh thc hin vi mc ch xc nh ch lm vic
ti thiu m ti cht lu vn c th di chuyn c trong ng ng v tm ra
phng n hp l gim thiu ha ri ro trong qu trnh vn hnh, hnh 1.1.
Ti u ha vn chuyn
trong ng ng
Gim thiu ri ro
Tit kim chi ph x l
(Lng ng paraffin, tc nghn

ng ng, hnh thnh nt kh )
(Ha phm c ch & gim nhit

ng c, phng thoi )
m bo dng chy hot

ng tt nht c th
Hnh 1.1 Mc ch ti u ha vn chuyn du kh trong ng ng

Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
1.3.
Phng php ti u ha
Qu trnh vn chuyn du kh trong ng ng chu s tc ng bi kh nhiu
yu t t bn trong ln bn ngoi ng ng. V vy, tm ra phng php ti u

hiu qu hot ng vn chuyn trong ng ng, mc tiu ti u v cc thng s kim
sot qu trnh ti u cn phi c xc nh r. Sau , cc phng php ti u s
c xy dng da trn cc mc tiu v tnh hnh hot ng thc t ca ng ng vn
chuyn du kh.
1.3.1. Mc tiu ti u ha
m bo dng chy hot ng n nh trong ng ng vn chuyn, gim thiu
ri ro, ti thiu ha chi ph vn hnh.
1.3.2. Cc thng s kim sot qu trnh ti u ha
Qu trnh m bo dng chy ny lin quan n nhiu yu t v iu kin vn
hnh nh lu lng p sut, nhit , lng ha phm s dng gim nhit ng
c v nht ca cht lu.
1.3.3. Cc phng php s dng cho qu trnh ti u ha
Mt trong nhng nhim v quan trng trong qu trnh vn chuyn du kh bng
ng ng l ci thin cc ch thy lc (Hydraulic regime) da vo vic d bo v
cc iu kin nhit ng lc hc ca cht lu vn chuyn trong ng. thc hin c
iu ny, nhiu phng php s dng cho qu trnh ti u c nghin cu v ng
dng nh tng p sut vn chuyn, gia nhit v cch nhit dc ng ng, x l du
bng ha phm, kh cc lp lng ng trong ng ng (phng thoi no vt ng, bm
du nng, dng nc nng) Nhng trc khi cc phng php ny c a vo s
dng, vic xem xt tnh hnh v iu kin thc t v li ch kinh t phi c xem xt
v kim tra tht k lng i vi cc yu cu t ra cho mc tiu ti u.
Hin nay, da trn tnh hnh thc t ng ng kt ni t m C Ng Vng n
gin x l trung tm s 3 m Bch H, mt s phng php c s dng gii
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
quyt bi ton ti u ha bao gm cch nhit dc ng ng, x l du bng ha

phm, phng thoi no vt ng ng.
a. Cch nhit dc ng ng
Nhit dng du th c th c duy tr v gim thiu s tn tht bng cc lp
bc cch nhit, hnh 1.2 & bng 1.1. Vi h s truyn nhit 1.913 W/m2K cho ton b
tuyn ng, cc lp bc cch nhit c thit k sao cho nhit ca hn hp du kh
nm trn nhit hnh thnh tinh th paraffin (WAT).
Hnh 1.2 Cc lp bc cch nhit ng ng vn chuyn CNV CPP3 [9]
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Bng 1.1 Cc c tnh c bn ca ng ng vn chuyn CNV CPP3 [9]

Yu t thit k
Steel Pipe
1st Layer of
Coating
2nd Layer of
Coating
3rd Layer of
Coating
4th Layer of
Coating
5th Layer of
Coating
Concrete Weght
Coating
Thng s
Gi tr
n v
ng knh ngoi
273.1
mm
B dy
20.1
mm
Vt liu
API 5L X65
dn nhit
45
W/mK
T trng
7850
kg/m3
B dy
0.15
mm
Vt liu
FBE
dn nhit
0.3
W/mK
T trng
1450
kg/m3
B dy
0.35
mm
Vt liu
PP adhesive
dn nhit
0.22
W/mK
T trng
1450
kg/m3
B dy
3.5
mm
Vt liu
Solid Polypropylene
dn nhit
0.215
W/mK
T trng
900
kg/m3
B dy
26
mm
Vt liu
PU Foam
dn nhit
0.04
W/mK
T trng
165
kg/m3
B dy
mm
Vt liu
Solid Polypropylene
dn nhit
0.215
W/mK
T trng
900
kg/m3
B dy
48.26
mm
T trng
2242.6
kg/m3
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
b. X l du bng ha phm
S dng ha phm gim nhit ng c trong x l du (nhng cht lm
gim nht v ng sut dch chuyn ti hn ca du) l phng php c nhiu trin
vng trong x l du nhiu paraffin vn chuyn bng ng ng.
nhit cao ha phm cho vo du s khng lm thay i nht ca du.
nh hng ca ha phm ch nhn thy nhit thp, khi m trong du din ra s
hnh thnh cu trc cc tinh th paraffin. Hin nay, cha c quan im thng nht v
c ch hot ng ca nhng ha phm gim nhit ng c. Tuy nhin, a s cc
nh nghin cu u nhn thy s hot ng lng tnh ca chng: th nht, nhng
phn t ha phm gim nhit ng c cng vi paraffin to ra nhng tinh th hn
hp, iu ny dn n cu to ca chng thay i v ngn chn s hnh thnh mng
li cu trc lin tc; th hai, nhng phn t ha phm gim nhit ng c ng
vai tr nh nhng trung tm m xung quanh chng paraffin b tinh th ha to nn
nhng hp th khng lin kt c vi nhau.
Tnh hiu qu s dng ha phm gim nhit ng c ph thuc vo bn
cht ha hc ca du. Khng c loi ha phm chung cho tt cc loi du. Thc t
quan st cho thy nhng tnh cht lu bin ca du m CNV c ci thin ng
k khi chng c x l bng ha phm gim nhit ng c. Kh nng gim nhit
ng c i vi du CNV khong 10 15 oC.
c. Phng thoi no vt ng ng (Pigging)
Thc t cho thy qu trnh vn chuyn du CNV b nh hng bi kh nhiu
yu t nh s tn hao nhit trong h thng ng ng vn chuyn di, thnh phn cht
lu phc tp, nhit hnh thnh v ng c paraffin kh cao gy ra nhiu kh
khn trong cng tc x l v vn chuyn du kh. Khi cc bin php phng chng lng
ng paraffin trong ng ng khng t hiu qu, bin php c hc - phng thoi no
vt ng ng c thc hin nhm mc ch loi b paraffin ra khi ng ng.
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
T u nm 2010 n nay cng ty Hon V thc hin phng thoi nh k vo

mi thng v mi t thc hin phng 2 qu thoi:
-
Con thoi th nht vi ng knh l 8.5" mc ch qut nhng cn sp trong

ng ng.
Hnh 1.3 Hnh dng con thoi 8.5"

-
Con thoi th hai c nhim v qut ng ng v lm sch mt ln na vi

ng knh 9.25".
Hnh 1.4 Hnh dng con thoi 9.25"

Nguyn tc hot ng ca con thoi: Di p sut c thit lp y thoi pha
sau, ton b con thoi c nn theo chiu dc ng ng v m rng hon ton nh
mt ci nm vo ng ng. Di p sut cao t pha sau, cht lng s pht qua con
thoi c tc dng bi trn v lm mt con thoi, gip con thoi gi c c tnh v hnh
dng trong sut qu trnh di chuyn. Hnh ng phun ny rt quan trng, n cng gip
cho qu trnh ct cc lp cn sp trn ng ng, lm cho cc lp lng ng trn
ng ng b mm, lng lo, trc khi con thoi qut qua.
Lun vn tt nghip
L thuyt dng chy a pha trong ng ng
____________________________________________________________________________
CHNG 2: C S L THUYT DNG CHY A PHA

TRONG NG NG VN CHUYN
2.1.
Tng quan v dng chy a pha

Dng chy a pha l dng dng chy rt hay gp trong ngnh cng nghip du
kh. Loi dng chy ny xut hin xuyn sut t qu trnh khai thc n qu trnh x l
v vn chuyn bng ng ng. Vic hiu bit mt cch y v chnh xc v dng
chy a pha l mt vn rt kh khn v phc tp. Nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v
dng chy a pha c thc hin t nhng nm 1950. Cho n nay vn cha c mt
m hnh thng nht v chnh xc p dng cho vic tnh ton c th i vi dng chy
trong h thng khai thc v vn chuyn. Hu ht cc m hnh thng c tin hnh
thng qua thc nghim, v vy, kt qu vn ch dng li mc tng i.
Khi nghin cu v dng chy hai pha trong ng ng, c rt nhiu thng s
lin quan tng tc ln nhau. Trong , s khc nhau v t trng v nht lm cho
vn tc gia cc pha kh v lng khc bit nhau trong ng ng. i vi dng hng
ln, pha kh c mt v nht thp hn c khuynh hng di chuyn vi vn tc cao
hn so vi pha lng. Ngc li, i vi dng hng xung, pha lng thng di chuyn
nhanh hn pha kh. Ngoi ra, cc thng s nh ch dng chy, tn hao p sut, t
phn lng cng l mt trong nhng thng s kh quan trng khi nghin cu v dng
chy a pha.
2.1.1 Cc ch dng chy trong ng ng nm ngang
Trong ng ng nm ngang, dng chy a pha c th thay i thnh nhiu ch
dng chy khc nhau. i vi dng chy hai pha kh lng th c th tn ti cc
ch dng chy nh hnh 2.1:
Lun vn tt nghip
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Dng chy bt kh: cc pha kh tn ti di dng bong bng kh nh v

phn tn trong pha lng. Khi vn tc pha lng tng ln, kch thc ca cc
bong bng kh ny tng do s tch t cc bong bng kh nh li vi nhau.
Cui cng, mt dy lin tc cc bong bng kh c hnh thnh trong pha
lng v c khuynh hng tp trung gn pha trn thnh ng.
Dng chy dng nt: t dng chy bt, khi vn tc ca pha kh c tng
ln, cc bong bng kh s kt t li vi nhau to thnh nhng bong bng kh
ln hn, di hn v c dng nn. Nhng bong bng kh ny hay c gi l
bt kh Taylor. Dng chy dng nt gm c bt kh Taylor, b tch bit trong
vng dng chy dng bt kh c gi l nt.
Nhng nt cht lng ny c th lm cho p sut trong ng ng thay i
bt thng trong qu trnh vn hnh, gy ra nhng tc ng xu i vi cc
thit b vn chuyn v x l.
Dng chy dng bt ko di (Elongated bubble flow): c cu trc tng

t nh dng chy dng nt, nhng cc bt kh b tc nghn mt thi gian
ngn, v vy, dng chy tr nn gin on, nhng bt kh nh hn v di
chuyn chm hn so vi dng chy dng nt.
Dng chy dng phn tng: pha lng phn b dc theo pha di tuyn
ng, pha kh nm trn pha lng v c ngn cch nhau bi mt phn gii
kh-lng.
Loi dng chy ny c khuynh hng xut hin nhiu ti nhng oan ng
ng c dc xung v dng chy nm ngang vi cht lu c tc thp.
Dng chy dng sng: xut hin khi vn tc ca pha kh trong dng chy
dng phn tng tng ln, cc dao ng ca sng bt u hnh thnh ln dn.
Cc gn sng ny c th t c n thnh ng.
Dng chy dng vnh xuyn: ch dng chy vnh xuyn c c im l

mng cht lng tri quanh thnh ng bao bc phn li kh bn trong chuyn
ng vi vn tc cao v trong li kh cn c nhng git cht lng nh.
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Hnh 2.1 Cc ch dng chy trong ng ng nm ngang [3]

2.1.2
Cc ch dng chy trong ng ng thng ng

Trong ng ng thng ng, dng chy hai pha c th c phn loi thnh
cc ch dng chy nh hnh 2.2.
Hnh 2.2 Cc ch dng chy trong ng ng thng ng [3]

Cht lng c vn tc thp th cht kh c sinh ra trong du b phn tn nh cc
bt kh ring bit. Ch dng chy ny c gi l dng chy dng bt kh.
T dng chy dng bt kh, khi tng vn tc dng chy ca pha kh, cc bt kh s
kt t li vi nhau to thnh bt kh ln hn, di hn v c hnh dng nn. Nhng bt
10
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
kh ny c gi l bt kh Taylor. Dng chy dng nt gm c bt kh Taylor, b tch

bit trong vng dng chy dng bt kh c gi l nt, v mt lp cht lng bao xung
quanh bt kh Taylor c xu hng chy xung. S phn b ca cc bt kh Taylor
trong dng chy thng ng c tnh i xng.
dng chy dng khuy, hay cn c gi l dng si bt, cc bt kh v nt kh
tr nn b bin dng nhiu v xut hin s ho ln vo nhau khi pha kh c vn tc
dng chy ln. S khc bit gia dng chy dng nt kh v dng chy khuy l mng
cht lng bao quanh nt kh s khng xut hin dng chy khuy.
Ch dng chy vnh xuyn c c im l mng cht lng tri quanh thnh
ng bao bc phn li kh bn trong chuyn ng vi vn tc cao v trong li kh cn c
nhng git cht lng nh. Dng chy i ln ca lp mng cht lng ny ngc vi
trng lc l kt qu do lc tc ng ca li kh c vn tc chuyn ng ln.
2.1.3 Biu ch dng chy (Flow regime maps)
V tr tng i ca pha lng i vi pha kh trong qu trnh vn chuyn bng
ng ng to nn cc dng cu trc v ch dng chy khc nhau. Vic xc nh
ch dng chy trong ng ng vn chuyn du kh l rt cn thit cho qu trnh
tnh ton v m phng. Nhiu cng trnh nghin cu a ra cc phng php khc
nhau nhm d bo ch dng chy ca cht lu trong ng ng. mi phng
php, cc ch dng chy thng c biu din trn cc biu , hay cn gi l
biu ch dng chy.
Thng thng trn biu , ch dng chy c xc nh da vo hai thng
s c bn khng th nguyn l h s Froude v hm lng th tch kh hoc t phn
lng iu kin khng trt L (No-slip liquid fraction), chng c biu din trn ta
log log. Cc thng s khng th nguyn ny c trng cho vn tc ca cc pha kh
v pha lng. Mt s phng php c s dng ph bin nh Beggs & Brill (1973),
Taitel & Dukler (1976).
11
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Trong phng php Beggs & Brill (1973) cho dng chy nm ngang hnh 2.3,
tc gi da vo cc nhm khng th nguyn Froude, FrM v t phn lng iu
kin khng trt L :
G vG + L vL )
(=
2
=
FrM
gD
L =
vM2
gD
L vL
G vG + L vL
(2.1)
(2.2)
Cc ch dng chy c xc nh da trn bn h s Froude.

Fr1 = 316L 0.302
(2.3)
Fr2 = 0.0009252L 2.4684
(2.4)
Fr3 = 0.10L 1.4516
(2.5)
Fr4 = 0.5L 6.738
(2.6)
Ch dng chy n (Segregated) nu:
L < 0.01, FrM < Fr1 hoc L 0.01, FrM < Fr2
Ch dng chy chuyn tip (Transient) nu:
L 0.01, Fr2 FrM Fr3

Ch dng chy gin on (Intermittent) nu:
0.01 L < 0.4, Fr3 FrM < Fr1 hoc L 0.4, Fr3 FrM Fr4
Ch dng chy phn tn (Distributed) nu:
L < 0.4, FrM Fr1 hoc L 0.4, FrM > Fr1
12
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Hnh 2.3 Biu ch dng chy Beggs & Brill (1973) cho ng ngang [3]
Nh m hnh dng chy Beggs & Brill (1973), Taitel & Duckler (1976) xy
dng ln phng php xc nh ch dng chy trong ng ng da trn s hi t
ca phng trnh (2.7):
1
f O
f O
1 fGL G OGL
2
0
+
( vG vL ) + GW G GW vG2 LW L LW vL2 ( G L ) g sin =
8 G AG
8 L AL
AG
G L 2
(2.7)
Trong ,
G , L
: ln lt l t phn pha kh, pha lng,
vG , vL
: ln lt l vn tc pha kh, pha lng,
A, O
: mt ct tit din,
G, L
: ln lt l t trng pha kh, pha lng,
: h s ma st c tnh t phng trnh (2.8), (2.9).
f GW
64
for laminar flow
= ReG
0.184 ReG-0.2 for turbulent flow
(2.8)
13
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
f GL
64
for laminar flow
= ReGL
0.184 Re -G0.2 for turbulent flow
(2.9)
Khi phng trnh (2.7) hi t, ch dng chy tng c xc nh t (2.10):

h ( G ) g cos AG
vG B*= 1 L L
d
G SGL
0.5
(2.10)
Trong ,
d
: ng knh ng,
hL
: chiu cao ct cht lng,
SGL
: mt ct tit din dng chy phn tng.
Phng trnh (2.11) xc nh s n nh (Smooth) hay s gn sng (Wave) trong

ch dng chy tng:
vG w*
4 ( G ) g cos
= L L
s L G vL
0.5
(2.11)
Nu phng trnh (2.10) khng tha ch dng chy tng, th ch dng chy
bt phn tn c xc nh phng trnh (2.12).
4 A g cos G
=
vL D* G
1
f L
SGL
0.5
(2.12)
Nu phng trnh (2.12) vn cha tha, ch dng chy c tip tc xc nh

iu kin sau:
Annular flow if vG > vG B* and hL < 0.35d

Slug flow if vG > vG B* and hL > 0.35d
14
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Hnh 2.4 Biu ch dng chy Taitel v Dukler (1976) cho ng ngang [3]
2.2 C s tnh ton v xy dng m hnh dng chy hai pha
Trong bi bo (Kjell H. Bendlksen, Dag Malnes, Randi Moe, and Sven Nuland,
Inst. for Energy Technology, 1991), cc tc gi xy dng v kim chng thnh cng
m hnh ng hc cho dng chy hai pha da trn cc phng trnh bo ton khi
lng, ng lng, nng lng trn mi pha v cc s liu thc t.
2.2.1. Phng trnh bo ton khi lng
i vi pha kh,
1
G G ) =
(
( A G G vG ) + G + GG
A x
t
(2.13)
Mng lng trn thnh ng,
1
A L L vL ) G
e + d + GL
L L ) =
(
(
A x
t
L +D
(2.14)
15
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Cc git lng,
1
A D D vD ) G
+ + GD
D L ) =
(
(
A x
t
L +D e d
(2.15)
Trong :
G, L, D : ln lt l t phn pha kh, pha lng v cc git lng,
vG, vL, vD : ln lt l vn tc pha kh, pha lng v cc git lng,
A
: mt ct tit din ca ng,
: t l truyn khi gia cc pha,
e, d
: t l sinh ra v lng ng cc pha,
Gf
: lu lng khi lng ca pha f,
Cc k hiu g, L, i v D ch pha kh, pha lng, mt phn cch cc pha

v cc git lng.
2.2.2. Phng trnh bo ton ng lng
i vi pha kh,
S
1
p 1
G G vG ) =
VG
A G G vG2 ) G G vG vG G
(
(
t
2
4A
x A x
S
1
i G vr vr i + VG G g cos + G va FD
2
4A
(2.16)
Cc git lng,
p 1
D L vD ) =
A D L vD2 ) + VD L g cos
VD
(
(
t
x A x
(2.17)
VD
G
v + e vi d vD + FD
VL + VD a
16
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Kt hp phng trnh (2.16) v (2.17), ta c phng trnh bo ton ng lng

cho kh/cc git lng:
p 1
G G vG + D L vD ) =
(VG + VD )
A G G vG2 + A D L vD2 )
(
(
t
x A x
S
S
1
1
G G vG vG G i G vr vr i + (VG G + VD L ) g cos
2
4A
2
4A
VL
+ G
v + e vi d vD
VL + VD a
(2.18)
Mng lng trn thnh ng,
S
1
p 1
L L vL ) =
VL
A L L vL2 ) L L vL vL L
(
(
t
2
4A
x A x
S
VL
1
+i G vr vr i + VL L g cos G
v e vi
2
4A
VL + VD a
VL
sin
+ d vD VL d ( L g ) g
x
(2.19)
Trong ,

: gc nghing ca ng ng so vi phng thng ng,
SG, SL, Si : ln lt l chu vi thm t ca pha kh, pha lng v mt

phn cch cc pha.
2.2.3. Phng trnh bo ton nng lng
Phng trnh bo ton nng lng cho c hn hp:
1 2
1 2
1 2

mg Eg + vg + gh + mL EL + vL + gh + mD Eg + vg + gh
2
2
2
t
1 2
1 2
1 2

mg vg H g + vg + gh + mL vL H L + vL + gh + mD vD H D + vD + gh + H S + U
2
2
2
x
(2.20)
17
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Trong ,
E : ni nng trn mt n v khi lng,
h : chnh cao ca ng,
Hs : enthalpy ca lu cht,
U : s truyn nhit t thnh ng.
2.2.4. Phng trnh p sut
c tnh v t trng ca cht lu di chuyn trong ng ng c gi thit l
hm ca p sut, nhit v t phn khi lng ca kh:
f = f ( p, T , Rs )
(2.21)
mG
mG + mL + mD
(2.22)
Trong ,
Rs =
mG, mL, mD ln lt l khi lng ring ca pha kh, mng lng, v

cc git lng trn ng ng.
S dng cc phng trnh (2.13), (2.14), (2.15) kt hp vi phng trnh (2.21),
(2.22), ta c c phng trnh p sut cho c h thng:

p
1 G L
1 ( A G G vG )
g
G
+
=
AG
z
L p T , Rs t
G p T , R
s
1
1 ( A L L vL )
1 ( A L L vL )
1
+ G
A L
A L
z
z
G L
+GG
+ GL
+ GD
(2.23)
2.2.5. S truyn khi gia b mt phn cch cc pha

S chuyn pha l mt hm ca p sut v nhit :
G = G ( p, T , Rs )
(2.24)
18
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Trong ,
R p R p z R T R T z
s
( mG + mL + mD )
+ s
+ s
+ s
T p z t
T
G
=
(2.25)
Rs p
l s truyn khi t khi lng ban u khi c s thay i p
p T t
Vi
Rs p z
l s truyn khi khi c mt dng chy i t
p T z t
sut trong mt on ng;
v tr ny sang v tr khc trong mt on ng.

2.3.
Cc tnh cht c bn ca cht lu vn chuyn trong ng ng

2.3.1. Tnh lu bin
c tnh ph thuc ca dng chy theo ng sut trt gia hai lp cht lng v
nht gi l tnh lu bin ca cht lng. V tng qut, tnh lu bin ph thuc vo
cc thng s nh nht ng hc, ng sut trt, vn tc trt, nhit v p sut.
a. nht ng hc
nht ng hc () l mt c tnh ca lu cht, th hin kh nng chng li
s dch chuyn tng i gia cc phn t ca lu cht, c nh ngha bng t s
gia ng sut trt () v tc trt ().
=
(2.26)
b. ng sut trt
ng sut trt () l i lng c trng cho bn cu trc (hay tnh lu bin)
ca cht lu trong ng, c tnh bng lc (F) trn mt n v din tch b mt (A) m
cht lu trt qua.
=
F
A
(2.27)
19
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
T khi nim v tnh lu bin v c tnh nht, cht lng c chia thnh hai
loi bao gm cht lng Newton v cht lng phi Newton.
Hnh 2.5 Cc m hnh cht lng Newton v phi Newton [2]

i. Cht lng Newton
i vi cht lng Newton, nht ph thuc vo tc ct. V vy, khi vn tc
ca cht lng Newton trong ng tng, ng sut trt ti thnh ng cng tng theo.
v
=
=
. .
y
(2.28)
Trong ,
: tc trt, (N/m2)
: nht ng hc,
v
y
: gradient vn tc (y = d/2 r, trong d l ng knh ng, r bn knh
tnh t tm ng n im kho st nh hnh 2.6).
20
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Hnh 2.6 Hnh v biu din ng sut trt ca cht lng Newton [2]
Trong m hnh cht lng Newton, quan h gia v
v
l tuyn tnh, l mt
y
ng thng qua gc ta vi h s gc .
ii.
Cht lng phi Newton
i vi cht lng phi Newton, nht khng ph thuc vo tc trt. Cc

m hnh ca cht lng phi Newton bao gm m hnh Hershel-Buckley, m hnh cht
lng do Bingham (Birmingham plastic), m hnh cht lng gi do Ostwald
(Pseudoplastic), m hnh Dilatant.
-
M hnh cht lng nht - do khng tuyn tnh (Hershel-Buckley)
M hnh Hershel-Buckley:
v
=
0 + k . =
0 + k.
y
(2.29)
ng cong chy ca m hnh Hershel-Buckley c m t hnh 2.5. M

hnh Hershel-Buckley l m hnh tng qut cho cc loi cht lng.
Khi o = 0, n =1 ta c m hnh Newton
: = .
21
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Khi o = const, n = 1 ta c m hnh Bingham
: = 0 + p .
Khi o = 0, n < 1 ta c m hnh Ostwald
v
: = k.
y
Khi o = 0, n > 1 ta c m hnh Dilatant

-
: = k.
y
M hnh cht lng nht do Bingham (Birmingham plastic)
Tt c nhng quan h trong pha lng b rng buc bi mt cu trc mng

cht rn (mng tinh th paraffin trong du th), h ch c kh nng chuyn ng khi
h thng mng b ph v. Khi h thng mng b ph v hon ton, dng chy tun theo
quy lut ca cht lng Newton th h c gi l cht lng nht do Bingham.
Cc nghin cu m hnh lu bin ca du m chng minh rng iu kin nhit
ng c, dng chy ca du tun theo m hnh Bingham. S dng m hnh
Bingham trong nghin cu du nhiu paraffin nht cao c trnh by trong cc
cng trnh nghin cu l thuyt v thc nghim ca Mirzanzadeh, Gubin. Phng trnh
lu bin:
v
if > 0
0
=
v
y
with
= YP + PV.= 0 + p .
y
v = 1 ( 0 ) if 0
y p
(2.30)
Nu 0 , lc ny cht lng khng chy,

Nu > 0 , xut hin chy nht.
Trong ,
YP
: gii hn chy (yield point),
PV - p
: nht do (plastic viscosity),
: ng sut trt tnh (ng sut trt ti hn), (Pa).
22
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
ng sut trt tnh l gi tr m p lc tip tuyn phi thng c gy ra s

trt gia hai lp ln cn, khi s qu trnh ph hy cu trc trong du to ra dng
chy. o pht sinh do qu trnh ti to cu trc du trng thi tnh c nhit thp nn
n l hm s ca thi gian tnh (thi gian ngng vn hnh). Thi gian cng di th cu
trc cng bn v o cng tng, ko theo s tng ca ng sut trt v do n lm
tng p sut khi ng ng ng.
-
M hnh cht lng gi do Ostwald (Pseudoplastic)

Cht lng gi do l nhng cht lng c nht gim nhanh khi gradient vn
tc tng. Hin tng gim nht khc vi cht lng Bingham, cht lng gi do
bt u chy khi gi tr ca cn rt nh. S ph thuc ca ng sut trt vo vn tc
l ng cong i qua gc ta v c biu din bng phng trnh c dng hm s
m.
n
v
=
k . with n < 1
y
(2.31)
Trong ,
k : ch s st, c trng cho nht,
n : h s m, c trng cho mc sai lch vi cht lng Newton.
-
M hnh cht lng Dilatant
Cht lng Dilatant l mt loi cht lng c nht lun lun ph thuc vo gi
tr ca gradient vn tc. Mt cht lng c gi l Dilatant khi cht lng c nht
tng khi gi tr gradient vn tc tng. Trong thc t, cht lng Dilatant rt t gp. Nu
gp th ngi ta s thay i thnh phn ca n nhm lm gim tnh cht Dilatant
Phng trnh c trng cho cht lng Dilatan c biu din:
n
v
=
k . with n > 1
y
(2.32)
23
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
c. Tnh cht phi Newton ca du C Ng Vng (CNV)

Khi nhit thay i, tnh cht lu bin ca du cng thay i theo. Thc t du
th m CNV cho thy, khi nhit ca du ln hn 35oC th du l cht lng
Newton, cn khi nhit ca du nh hn 35oC th du CNV lc ny tr thnh cht
lng phi Newton, c th l cht lng Bingham. iu ny c th gii thch l do trong
du th CNV c cha mt hm lng paraffin kh cao nn nhit ng c ca du
cao.
Khi nhit ca du thp th cu trc ca cht keo nha tr nn bn vng hn
dn n nht ca du cao, du s tr nn c snh hn (nht - do) th hin c
tnh cht ca cht lng phi Newton. Ngc li, khi nhit ca du cao, cc cu trc
ca paraffin b ph v, nht gim, th hin c tnh cht ca cht lng Newton.
2.3.2. Nhit kt tinh
Nhit kt tinh (WAT) l nhit m ti cc tinh th paraffin bt u xut
hin hay cn gi l im m (CP). Ti nhit i im CP, cc tinh th bt u tng
dn. Cc tinh th ny c th hnh thnh di dng khi lng, nhng ht nh v di
chuyn dc theo ng ng cng vi s di chuyn ca cht lu hoc lng ng li
nhng b mt c nhit thp.
2.3.3. Nhit ng c
Nhit ng c ca du l nhit m ti y du khng cn kh nng di
chuyn (khng linh ng na) hay nhit m ti y du bt u chuyn t trng thi
lng sang trng thi rn. Nhit ca du ph thuc vo thnh phn hydrocacbon, cc
cht keo nha. Hm lng paraffin, c bit l cc cu t nng s quyt nh nhit
ng c ca du.
24
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
2.3.4. nh hng ha phm gim nhit ng c n cc tnh cht ca

cht lu
Cht lm gim nhit ng c (PPD) l mt cu t quan trng s dng trong
khai thc v vn chuyn du th. Ty thuc vo thnh phn v tnh cht ca du th m
ngi ta a ra mt PPD thch hp nhm t c hiu qu tc dng ti u.
Vic nghin cu a ra cht lm gim nhit ng c (PPD) cho du th m
C Ng Vng (CNV) nhm p ng yu cu m bo dng chy trong qu trnh khai
thc v vn chuyn du.
PPD cn c tc dng c ch qu trnh kt tinh & pht trin tinh th paraffin c
trong du th v qua ci thin tnh cht chy ca du th. Thnh phn v t l cc
hp cht ha hc c trong du th nh hng n hiu qu tc dng ca PPD v v th
i vi tng mu du cn nghin cu a ra loi PPD ph hp.
Thng thng PPD gm 03 nhm cu t chnh: nhm cht iu chnh tinh th
paraffin, nhm cht phn tn paraffin v nhm dung mi. Cht iu chnh thng l
cc hp cht, cc polime hoc copolime nh 2-hydroxy-naphtalene, polyethylene,
copolyme ethylene-butene, copolime ethylene-vinylaxetate, copolime olefin-ester,
polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, nha alkylphenol Cc cht ny cng kt tinh vi
paraffin v ngn cn s pht trin tinh th paraffin bng cch lm cho cc tinh th
paraffin c kch thc nh dn.
Cht phn tn paraffin l cc cht hot ng b mt c tc dng h tr phn tn
cc tinh th paraffin, lm gim nht ca du v ma st gia du v thnh ng, chng
s kt t v pht trin tinh th. l cc hp cht nh l asphaltene trong du th, cc
hp cht sunphonat, dn xut ca alkylphenol, ketone, terpene, polyamide,
naphtalene
Dung mi c s dng lm mi trng ha tan/phn tn cc cht iu chnh v
phn tn paraffin. Vic s dng dung mi/hn hp dung mi ph thuc vo cc nghin
25
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
cu ph hp vi cc thnh phn ca PPD. Mt s cng trnh cng b ch ra rng

dung mi cng c nh hng n nhit ng c ca du th.
Hnh 2.7 Cc tinh th paraffin trc (tri) v sau (phi) khi s dng ha phm [16]
Vic s dng mt hay nhiu cht iu chnh tinh th, cht phn tn v dung mi
ph thuc vo tc dng ca chng ti nhit ng c v tnh cht chy ca du th.
Nhm tm ra loi PPD th hp nht s dng, cc mu du th CNV c tin
hnh thu thp v th nghim vi cc cht lm gim nhit ng c khc nhau
(Bng 2.1) theo tiu chun ASTM D5853.
Bng 2.1 Bng lit k cc cht PPD s dng cho vic sng lc
Stt
PPD
Baker's Sepaflux
EC5351A
EC6393A
EC6393B
EC6509A
EC6560A
VX7951
VX9788
VX9589 + 500ppm EC6508A
10
VX9590 + 500ppm EC6508A
11
VX9591 + 500ppm EC6508A
26
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Kt qu kho st nh hng ca cc cht lm gim nhit ng c n du

th CNV c trnh by hnh 2.8.
Pour Point Chemicals for manual screening
35
Temperature (oC)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Baker's EC5351A EC6393A EC6393B EC6509A EC6560A VX7951
Sepaflux
0ppm
500ppm
1000ppm
1250ppm
VX9788 VX9589 + VX9590 + VX9591 +

500ppm 500ppm 500ppm
EC6508A EC6508A EC6508A
1500ppm
Hnh 2.8 Kt qu th nghim cc cht lm gim nhit ng c khc nhau vi cc

liu lng khc nhau
Quan st th t hnh 2.8, cc cht lm gim nhit ng c sau khi c

sng lc l Baker's Sepaflux, EC5351A, EC6509A, VX9591 + 500ppm EC6508A. Cc
kt qu ny s c tip tc sng lc cho ti khi tm ra c cht PPD tt nht.
Tin hnh s dng cc cht Baker's Sepaflux, EC5351A, EC6509A, VX9591 +
500ppm EC6508A vi liu lng 1000ppm nh gi nh hng ca chng n
nht ng hc v cn ban u i vi du th CNV. Kt qu c biu din hnh
2.9, hnh 2.10 v bng 2.2
27
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Hnh 2.9 nh hng ca cc cht PPD vi liu lng 1000ppm n cn ban u
Hnh 2.10 nh hng ca cc cht PPD vi liu lng 1000ppm n nht ng

hc du ca CNV
28
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Bng 2.2 Bng kt qu nh gi hiu qu s dng cc loi PPD khc nhau

PPD
Liu lng
nht ng hc
ti 15oC, [Pa]
cn ban u
ti 15oC, [Pa]
Blank
1270
80
EC5351A
1000pm
227
30
EC6509A
1000pm
130
14
NES 320 - 155 + 500ppm EC6508A
1000pm
488
56
Baker's Sepaflux
1000pm
275
54
Qua qu trnh sng lc cc cht PPD, kt qu bng 2.2 cho thy rng sn phm
EC6509A c nh gi tt nht trong s cc sn phm trn, n c th lm nhit
ng c ca du th CNV gim t 33oC xung cn 18oC, bn cnh , nht ng
hc v cn ban u (Yield value) i vi du th CNV khi x l bng EC6509A t
gi tr thp hn so vi cc sn phm khc.
29
Lun vn tt nghip
Ti u ha qu trnh vn chuyn du kh
____________________________________________________________________________
CHNG 3: M PHNG QU TRNH NHIT THY NG

DNG CHY TRONG NG NG KT NI M C NG
VNG N M BCH H V XUT PHNG N TI
U HA QU TRNH VN CHUYN HN HP DU KH
3.1.
Tng quan h thng kt ni m C Ng Vng m Bch H

3.1.1. Gii thiu chung m C Ng Vng
M C Ng Vng (CNV) c pht hin vo thng 9 nm 2002, nm l 09.2
thuc khu vc bn trng Cu Long trn vng bin Bnh Thun cch m Bch H 17km
v pha ng bc vi ta = 090 50' 43,38 "N - 1800 09' 22,37" E, vi su mc
nc bin xp x 60m nc. M C Ng Vng c iu hnh bi cng ty lin doanh
iu hnh chung Hong Long Hon V JOCs, do x nghip lin doanh Vietsovpetro
vn hnh v bo dng v c a vo khai thc t ngy 25 thng 7 nm 2008.
Hnh 3.1 S v tr m C Ng Vng

`
[9]
30
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Khu vc m C Ng Vng thng xuyn chu nh hng trc tip ca hai loi
gi ma r rt :
+ Gi ma Ty Nam thnh hnh t thng 4 n thng 9 trong nm.
+ Gi ma ng - Bc thnh hnh t thng 10 nm trc n thng 3 nm sau.
Trong ma gi chng sc mnh cp 6, cp 7, c lc ln trn cp 7, cao sng
t 3 5m, nhit y bin thp 20 21oC nh hng rt ln n qu trnh
khai thc v vn chuyn hn hp du kh.
3.1.2. H thng ng ng kt ni CNV CPP3
Hnh 3.2 S vn chuyn du kh t CNV WHP [9]

Gin u ging C Ng Vng (CNV WHP) c xy dng trn phn trung tm
ca m cch y bin 55m v c kt ni vi gin cng ngh trung tm s 3 (CPP-3)
cch y bin 46,5m thuc m BH ca x nghip lin doanh du kh Vietsovpetro bng
hai tuyn ng ngm vi ng knh 10 inches (Bng 3.1). y l tuyn ng ngm khai
thc vi cng dng vn chuyn sn phm hydrocacbon t m CNV v gin CPP-3 m
BH x l. Sau , du thng phm s c bm n cc tu cha du FSO 01
ca Vietsopetro v phn kh s c vn chuyn v b n nh my Dinh C, tuyn
31
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
ng ngm th hai l tuyn ng bm p vi cng dng vn chuyn nc bm p t gin

CPP-3 n CNV WHP bm vo ging duy tr p sut va. Khong cch t gin u
ging CNV WHP n CPP-3 l 25km.
Bng 3.1 Cc c tnh k thut ca ng ng ngm khai thc [9]
S TT
M t
Thng s k thut
ng knh ngoi (mm)
273.1
Chiu dy thnh ng (mm)
20.10
ng knh trong (mm)
232.9
Mc thp lm ng ng
API 5L X65
Mc thp lm ng cong
API 5L X65
Lc ko ti a ca vt liu lm ng SMYS (MPa)
448.27
Lc ko ti a ca vt liu lm ng cong SMYS (MPa)
448.27
Chiu di thit k (m)
24,917
Chiu di thc t lp t (m)
25,177
10
Lp bc cch nhit
41.9mm PU
11
Lp bc b tng
53.5mm
12
Lp bc gia cc mi hn
33mm PU
13
Lp bc ca on ng ng
12.7mm
14
Th tch mi m chiu di ng (m3/m)
0.043
15
Dng mt bch lin kt
1500# RTJ
16
p sut vn hnh ti a
22.8 MPa
17
p sut th thy lc
34.1 MPa
18
p sut u vo ng ng (pha CNV WHP)
710 - 750 Psi
19
p sut u ra ng ng (pha CPP-3)
500 - 560 Psi
20
Nhit u vo ng ng
75oC
21
Nhit u ra ng ng
43oC
22
Cng sut vn chuyn thit k
20,000 bbl/ngy
23
Lu lng vn chuyn thc t
7,500 bbl/ngy
32
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Gin CNV WHP c thit k vn hnh theo ch khng c ngi trn

gin, c gim st vn hnh, iu khin t gin cng ngh CPP-3. S lng thit b,
phng tin phc v sn xut trn gin c hn ch ti a tit kim chi ph xy
dng. vn hnh khai thc m CNV c hiu qu, cng ty Hon V t ng ho
cc thit b iu khin, ng dng cc phn mm tin tin nh : HYSYS, OLGA,
PIPESIM nhm vn hnh cc thit b ca m CNV hiu qu nht.
3.1.3. Thnh phn v tnh cht du th CNV
a. Thnh phn & cc thng s c bn ca du th CNV
Bng 3.2 Kt qu phn tch cc thnh phn trong du th 9.2-CNV-4XST, DST#1
Thnh phn
Mol, [%]
Wt, [%]
T trng
[g/m3]
Mol wt
H2S - Hydrogen Sulfide

N2 - Nitrogen
CO2 - Carbon Dioxide
0
0.303
0.033
0
0.168
0.029
0.8006
0.8086
0.8172
34.08
28.01
44.01
C1 - Methane
62.96
20.05
0.2997
16.04
C2 - Ethane
10.51
6.273
0.3562
30.07
C3 - Propane
6.265
5.482
0.507
44.1
iC4 - i-butane
1.343
1.549
0.5629
58.12
nC4 - n-butane
2.404
2.773
0.584
58.12
C5 - i-pentane
0.924
1.324
0.6244
72.15
nC5 -n-pentane
1.036
1.483
0.6311
72.15
C6 - Hexanes
1.59
2.651
0.685
84
C7 - Heptanes
1.879
3.579
0.7222
96
C8 - Octanes
1.486
3.155
0.745
107
C9 - Nonanes
1.338
3.212
0.764
121
C10 - Decanes
0.965
2.567
0.778
134
C11 - Undecanes
0.75
2.187
0.789
147
C12 - Dodecanes
0.585
1.871
0.8
161
C13 - Tridecanes
0.6
2.083
0.811
175
C14 - Tetradecanes
0.453
1.709
0.822
190
C15 - Pentadecanes
0.411
1.679
0.832
206
33
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
C16 - Hexadecanes
0.293
1.29
0.839
222
C17 - Heptadecanes
0.284
1.335
0.847
237
C18 - Octadecanes
0.269
1.341
0.852
251
C19 - Nonadecanes
0.247
1.287
0.857
263
C20 - Eicosanesplus
3.067
30.93
508.3
Bng 3.3 Cc thng s c bn ca du th CNV

Stt
Thng s
Phng php
API @ 60 oF
ASTM D 5002 - 99
API
43.3 44.6
T trng @ 15oC
ASTM D 5002 - 99
g/mL
0.8071
nht ng hc @ 55 oC
ASTM D 445 - 03
cSt
2.467
nht ng hc @ 60 oC
ASTM D 445 - 03
cSt
2.322
nht ng hc @ 70 oC
ASTM D 445 - 03
cSt
2.061
Hm lng Asphaltene
IP 143/78
< 0.05
Hm lng Paraffin
UOP 46
18.1
Hm lng axit
ASTM D 664 - 01
mgKOH/g
0.26
WAT (STO)
DSC
n v
CPM
Kq phn tch
51.8
53.9
WAT (Live Oil)
NIR
49.4
PP (Live Oil)
Corelab SOP
27
Hm lng nc
ASTM D 6304 - 03
0.32
10
im nng chy (MP)
ASTM D 87 - 87
11
Khi lng ring
12
Hm lng kh trong du (GOR)
45.3
ASTM D 5002 - 99
Kg/m
813,2
ASTM D 5002 - 99
Scf/bbl
2694
Bng 3.3 cho thy hm lng asphaltene trong du CNV tng i thp, nh
hn 0,05 % trng lng ton phn. Hm lng paraffin c trong thnh phn cht lu l
kh cao 18,1 %. S c mt ca paraffin vi hm lng cao lm cho du th mt tnh
linh ng.
34
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
b. Kh nng lng ng paraffin ca du CNV

Qua nghin cu v phn tch mu du 9.2-CNV-4XST, DST #1 ca m CNV do
Core Lab Reservoir Optimization thc hin thu c kt qu v kh nng lng ng
paraffin ca du CNV, bng 3.4 & 3.5.
Bng 3.4 Kt qu phn tch kh nng lng ng ca du CNV
Nhit ban u ca du
[oC]
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
Nhit du sau khi lm lnh

[oC]
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
T l lng ng
[kgm-2hr-1]
0.0320
0.0336
0.0368
0.0370
0.0649
0.5945
1.3811
T l lng ng paraffin & Nhit lm lnh
T l lng ng paraffin kg/m2.hr
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Nhit lm lnh oC
Tc lng ng paraffin vi cc nhit khc nhau
Hnh 3.3 th biu din s thay i tc lng ng paraffin khi gim nhit
35
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Bng 3.5 Kt qu phn tch hm lng ha tan paraffin trong du theo nhit
Nhit
Hm lng paraffin
Hm lng paraffin
[oC]
ha tan trong du, [%]
kt tinh, [%]
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
17.9
17.1
16.6
16.3
16.1
15.5
14.4
0.2
1.0
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.6
3.7
Hm lng ha tan paraffintrong du
Hm lng paraffin %
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
60
55
50
45
40
Nhit oC
35
30
25
20
Hnh 3.4 th biu din hm lng % paraffin ha tan trong du theo nhit
Qua cc kt qu phn tch t bng 3.4, 3.5 kt hp vi hnh 3.3, 3.4, khi nhit
cht lu gim dn th tc lng ng tng nhanh, phn trm trng lng paraffin
trong du cng tng. V ngc li, nhit cht lu trong ng ng tng th phn
trm trng lng paraffin du cng gim dn.
-
Tc ng c ln ti nh khi nhit cht lu vo khong 25oC, ti

du b ng c hon ton.
36
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Tc ng c gim ti thiu khi nhit cht lng vo khong 55o C, ti

du ang b nng chy hon ton.
T l ha tan paraffin trong du 55o C l 17 - 19%, 25 oC l 14 - 15 %.

c. Tnh lu bin du th CNV
Bng 3.6 Cc gi tr nht ng lc du CNV cc nhit khc nhau
nht ng lc, [cP]
Nhit
[oC]
71
69
67
65
63
61
59
57
55
53
39
37
35
33
31
29
27
25
23
22
Stock Tank Oil

Tc trt
20 (1/s)
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,7
1,7
1,8
1,8
1,9
1,9
2,1
11,3
17,8
58,1
185
220
385
540
720
951
1080
Tc trt
35(1/s)
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,7
1,7
1,8
1,8
1,9
1,9
2,1
7,7
12,1
36,8
130
159
228
338
492
653
786
Live Crude
Tc trt
50(1/s)
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,7
1,7
1,8
1,8
1,9
1,9
2,0
...
5,7
9,5
27,1
98
122
163
230
340
490
573
Tc trt
20(1/s)
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,6
1,7
1,8
1,9
2,0
2,1
2,2
4,2
4,8
6,1
8,5
12
23
33
56
96
110
Tc trt
35(1/s)
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,6
1,7
1,8
1,9
2,0
2,1
2,1
3,4
3,7
4,5
5,6
7
14
20
33
57
73
Tc trt
50(1/s)
1,3
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,6
1,7
1,8
1,9
2,0
2,1
3,1
3,3
3,7
4,2
5
10
14
23
41
53
Quan st t bng 3.6 kt hp hnh 3.5 n 3.7, vi tc trt khc nhau ca

du th (STO), khi nhit cht lu gim dn t 71oC n 55oC, gi tr nht ng
lc vn khng thay i. Nu tip gim nhit , cc gi tr nht ng lc lc ny
37
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
bin thin vi tng tc trt khc nhau i vi c du th (STO) v du cha tch

kh (Live Crude).
nht ng hc (Stock Tank Oil) & Nhit
10000
= Nhit ng c du th CNV
= Nhit kt tinh o bng
phng php DSC
phng php CPM
Tpp (STO)
TWAT (DSC)
TWAT (CPM)
nht ng hc (cP)
1000
100
10
1
20
25
30
35
40
45
Nhit
Tpp (Stock Tank Oil)
Tc trt 20(1/s)
50
55
oC
60
65
70
TWAT (CPM)
TWAT (DSC)
Tc trt 35(1/s)
Tc trt 50(1/s)
Hnh 3.5 th biu din bin thin nht ng hc STO theo nhit
38
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
th hnh 3.5 cho thy nhit kt tinh (WAT) ca STO i vi phng php
o CPM 53.9oC, phng php DSC 51.8oC. Hai phng php o ny sai lch khng
ng k. Nhit ng c ca STO 30oC.
nht ng hc (Live Crude) & Nhit
1000
Tpp (Live Crude)

tch
TWAT (NIR)
= Nhit ng c ca du cha
kh.
phng php NIR.
nht ng hc (cP)
100
10
1
20
25
30
35
40
45
Nhit
Tpp (Live Crude)
Tc trt 20(1/s)
50
55
60
65
70
oC
TWAT (NIR)
Tc trt (1/s)
Tc trt 50(1/s)
Hnh 3.6 th biu din bin thin nht ng hc Live Crude theo nhit
39
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
th hnh 3.6 cho thy nhit kt tinh (WAT) ca Live crude i vi phng
php o NIR 49.45oC. Nhit ng c ca Live crude 27oC.
Nht ng Hc (STO & Live Crude) & Nhit
10000
Nht ng Hc , (cP)
1000
100
10
1
20
25
30
35
Tpp (Live Crude)
40
Nhit ,
45
oC
50
TWAT (NIR)
Tpp (STO)
55
60
65
70
TWAT (CPM)
TWAT (DST)
STO 20 (1/s)
STO 35 (1/s)
Live Crude 20 (1/s)
Live Crude 35 (1/s)
STO 50 (1/s)
Live Crude 50 (1/s)
Hnh 3.7 th so snh nht ng hc bin thin theo nhit ca

STO & Live crude
40
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
T th hnh 3.7, so snh s bin thin nht ng hc ca STO v Live

crude theo nhit vi tc trt khc nhau. Ti cng gi tr nhit :
nht ng hc ca Live crude thp hn so vi STO.
Khi nhit Live crude & STO di nhit nng chy (Melting point),
nht ng hc t l nghch vi tc trt (Shear rate).
Khi nhit Live crude & STO ln hn nhit nng chy, gi tr nht
ng hc ca du s khng thay i ng k vi tc trt khc nhau.
Nhit ng c ca Live crude (27oC) thp hn so vi STO (30oC), nguyn
nhn l do trong Live crude c cha mt hm lng kh nht nh trong du, cc phn
t kh ny lm chm qu trnh lin kt gia cc phn t paraffin c trong du dn n
nhit ng c ca Live crude thp hn nhit ca STO.
3.1.4. Hin trng lm vic thc t trong ng ng vn chuyn du kh
CNV CPP3
Trong qu trnh khai thc v vn chuyn hn hp du kh, cc d liu thc t
c tin thnh thu thp bao gm hai loi, (bng 3.7) :
Thng s cng dn (Accumulative)
: lu lng du v kh trong 24h.
Thng s tc thi (Instantaneous)
: p sut v nhit .
Vic thu thp cc d liu ny l rt cn thit. Vi cc d liu thu thp c, cc

ch lm vic trong thc t c th c xy dng li. T , qu trnh phn tch,
nh gi ch lm vic ny s c tin hnh v rt ra cc kt lun, phng n hp
l cho vic khai thc trong tng lai. Bn cnh , cc d liu ny cn phc v cho qu
trnh xy dng v hiu chnh cc m hnh.
41
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Bng 3.7 Cc thng s lm vic trong ng ng vn chuyn CNV - CPP-3

Lu lng
Thi gian
ng ng trn
CNV WHP
ng ng trn
CPP-3
Qoil
t/d
W
%
QGas
m3/d
PCNV
bar
TCNV
0
C
PCPP3
bar
TCPP3
o
C
28-Jul-08
930.0
0.23
318.529
48.3
86
39.3
50.4
29-Jul-08
910.0
0.22
291.739
53
87
45
51.3
30-Jul-08
936.0
0.1
317.128
48.2
87
39.2
50.5
31-Jul-08
904.3
0.17
214.308
48.3
88
39.1
50.7
1-Aug-08
844.2
0.29
720.038
49.2
93
39.1
51.4
2-Aug-08
884.0
0.1
443.165
48.8
94
38.6
51.7
3-Aug-08
973.0
0.1
542.501
47.7
90
38.9
51.7
4-Aug-08
839.0
0.1
542.940
48
91
39.9
52.2
5-Aug-08
854.0
0.87
568.074
48
91
39.6
52.7
6-Aug-08
838.0
0.11
354.597
47.8
92
39.5
52.6
7-Aug-08
822.0
0.1
496.797
47.7
92.3
39.6
52.2
8-Aug-08
836.0
0.1
497.285
48.7
94
40
52.1
9-Aug-08
853.0
0.1
497.874
48.5
93.5
40.5
52.5
10-Aug-08
842.0
0.1
493.881
48.4
93.6
40.3
52.4
11-Aug-08
834.0
0.1
488.591
45.7
93.8
37.2
52.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
28-Aug-09
1038.0
0.1
515.536
51.5
77.2
38.2
47.9
29-Aug-09
969.0
0.1
496.656
51.6
78.9
38.5
46.7
30-Aug-09
963.0
0.1
496.656
51.1
78.1
38.7
46.5
Trong ,
Qoil
: Lu lng du th thnh phm trong 1 ngy, t/d.
: Phn trm nc trong du, %.
QGas
: lu lng kh thnh phm trong 1 ngy, m3/d.
PCNV
: p sut trn CNV, bar.
TCNV
: Nhit trn CNV, oC.
PCPP3
: p sut trn CPP3, bar.
TCPP3
: Nhit trn CPP3, oC .
42
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Da trn cc thng s trn, xu hng bin i lu lng, p sut v nhit ti

thi im t khi m ging khai thc c tin hnh xy dng, hnh 3.8, hnh 3.9.
120
14,000
110
12,000
p sut , bar
10,000
90
80
8,000
70
6,000
60
Lu lng Bbl/d
100
4,000
50
2,000
40
30
26-May-08
14-Aug-08
2-Nov-08
21-Jan-09
11-Apr-09
30-Jun-09
0
18-Sep-09
Thi gian
p sut trong ng trn CNV WHP
p sut trong ng trn CPP3
Lu lng du
Hnh 3.8 th biu din lu lng v p sut lm vic trn CNV & CPP-3
th hnh 3.8 cho thy lu lng du kh khai thc trn CNV tng lin tc t
7000STB/D ln ti gi tr cao nht khong 13000 STB/d, sau gim chm li v t
gi tr n nh 7500STB/d 2 thng cui.
Khi gi tr lu lng du kh gim, p sut trn CNV v CPP-3 cng gim theo.
iu ny c th kt lun rng bin thin ca p sut t l thun vi bin thin ca
lu lng khai thc.
43
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
14,000
140.0
12,000
Nhit , oC
10,000
100.0
8,000
80.0
6,000
60.0
4,000
40.0
2,000
20.0
26-May-08
14-Aug-08
2-Nov-08
21-Jan-09
11-Apr-09
30-Jun-09
Lu lng , Bbl/d
120.0
0
18-Sep-09
Thi gian
Nhit trong ng trn CNV WHP
Nhit trong ng trn CPP3
Lu lng du
Hnh 3.9 th biu din lu lng v nhit lm vic trn CNV & CPP-3
Quan st t th hnh 3.9, khi gi tr lu lng du kh gim, nhit trn CNV
v CPP-3 cng gim theo. iu ny c th kt lun rng, bin thin ca p sut t l
thun vi bin thin ca lu lng khai thc.
Tin hnh xy dng mi quan h gia lu lng v p sut trn ng ng vn
chuyn du kh t CNV n CPP-3 ti cc cc thi im khc nhau nhm phn tch v
nh lng cc c tnh v nhit thy ng hc ca cht lu trong ng ng :
1st t giai on m ging n 31-12-2008, hnh 3.10 ;
2nd t 01-01-2009 n 28-02-2009, hnh 3.11;
3rd t 01-03-2009 n 30-04-2009, hnh 3.12;
4th T 01-05-2009 n 30-06-2009, hnh 3.13;
5th T 01-07-2009 n 31-08-2009, hnh 3.14.
44
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Hnh 3.10 Quan h gia lu lng v p sut trong ng ng CNV- CPP3, 1st
Hnh 3.11 Quan h gia lu lng v p sut trong ng ng CNV- CPP3, 2nd
45
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Hnh 3.12 Quan h gia lu lng v p sut trong ng ng CNV- CPP3, 3rd
Hnh 3.13 Quan h gia lu lng v p sut trong ng ng CNV- CPP3, 4th
46
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Hnh 3.14 Quan h gia lu lng v p sut trong ng ng CNV- CPP3, 5th
Da vo cc th biu din mi quan h gia lu lng v p sut trong ng
ng CNV - CPP3 cc thi k trn, ta c nhn xt rng :
-
Mi quan h lu lng v p sut ba thi k u t khi m ging n 3004-2009 c dng ng cong parabol, tn tht p sut vi cc lu lng
khc nhau khng i theo thi gian.
Nhng hai thi k cui t 01-05-2009 n 31-08-2009, p sut tc thi

tng khong 1.5-2bar vi cc lu lng khc nhau so vi 3 thi k u. iu
ny c gii thch bng cc gi thit sau:
S thay i tnh cht ca cht lu trong qu trnh dng cht lu di
chuyn dc h thng ng ng (p sut gim di p sut im bt
kh lm thay i thnh phn hydrocarbon ca cht lu, s thay i
nht ). Nu thnh phn cht lu thay i trong qu trnh vn
47
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
chuyn, GOR s tng ln, tng lng hydrocarbon vn chuyn trong

ng ng s tng dn n kt qu tng p sut tn tht;
S hnh thnh paraffin trong ng ng (khi paraffin lng ng dc
theo thnh ng s lm gim ng knh thy lc ca dng cht lu
trong ng, lm tng tn tht p sut do ma st dc theo thnh ng).
Theo gi thit u tin, nu paraffin lng ng bn trong ng ng, qu trnh
ny s lm tng p sut tn tht t t (Gradually). Nhng quan st hnh 3.14 cho thy
rng p sut tn tht ch tng tc thi (Instantly) t 1.5 2 bar. iu ny ni ln rng
thnh phn cht lu b thay i trong qu trnh vn chuyn lm cho GOR tng ln dn
n p sut tn tht tng ln.
Nhn xt
Cc nghin cu v h thng ng ng kt ni m CNV - CPP3, tnh cht ha
l ca du CNV, hin trng lm vic thc t cho thy :
-
ng ng vn chuyn hn hp du kh t m CNV sang gin cng ngh

trung tm s 3 m BH di khong 25km, c di ln nht so vi cc s
thu gom hin hnh ti Vit Nam. V vy, mc tn hao nhit, p sut l rt
ln, y l mt trong nhng kh khn trong vic khai thc & vn chuyn ca
cc nh iu hnh m CNV.
Mt khc, vic phn tch tnh cht ho l ca du CNV c th thy du CNV

c thnh phn phc tp, hm lng paraffin kh cao. Vi tnh hnh khai thc
hin nay, sn lng ca m CNV ch t 1/3 sn lng d tnh ban u, p
sut v nhit trong ng ng vn chuyn di y bin v gin cng
ngh trung tm CPP-3 gim xung lm cho qu trnh hnh thnh v lng
ng paraffin trong ng ng din ra nhanh, gy nhiu kh khn v ri ro
trong vic khai thc, vn chuyn du kh.
48
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
V vy, vn t ra l phi s dng nhng phng php vn chuyn du kh

ti u ph hp vi tnh cht ca m CNV v mang li hiu qu kinh t cao.
Trong lun vn ny, nhm gii quyt bi ton ti u ha vn chuyn du kh
trong ng ng CNV CPP3, tiu ch cho bi ton ti u ha vn chuyn c t ra,
c th l kim sot nhit ng c ca cht lu v qu trnh lng ng paraffin trong
ng ng vn chuyn. thc hin c iu ny, qu trnh nhit-thy ng ca
dng chy trong ng ng c tin hnh kho st thng qua vic m hnh ha & m
phng. Cc kt qu t c t qu trnh m phng s c phn tch, nh gi & tm
ra phng n hp l nhm gim thiu mc lng ng paraffin v tng hiu sut vn
chuyn trong ng ng, hnh 3.15.
Xc nh tiu ch cho bi
ton ti u ha vn chuyn
Thu thp cc d
liu khai thc
Xy dng m hnh nhit thy ng

dng chy trong ng ng vn chuyn
M phng cc ch dng chy

trong ng ng vn chuyn
Chn phng n hp l cho

vic ti u ha vn chuyn
Phn tch v nh gi
kt qu m phng
Hnh 3.15 S quy trnh m phng chung cho bi ton ti u ha qu trnh vn

chuyn du kh trong thc t
49
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
3.2.
Xy dng m hnh dng chy a pha trong ng ng vn chuyn

Vic xy dng m hnh dng chy a pha trong ng ng vn chuyn da trn
cc m hnh ton hc ca cc tc gi (Kjell H. Bendlksen, Dag Malnes, Randi Moe,

and Sven Nuland, Inst. for Energy Technology, 1991) c trnh by mc 2.1 &
2.2. Cc bc chung trong qu trnh xy dng m hnh c trnh by trong s
hnh 3.16
Thu thp d
liu thc t
Xy dng m hnh nhit thy ng dng chy

trong ng ng vn chuyn
M phng qu trnh nhit thy ng trong

ng ng vn chuyn
nh gi cht
lng m hnh
ng
Sai
Hiu chnh m hnh
M hnh cui cng
Hnh 3.16 S m t cc bc chung trong qu trnh xy dng m hnh
50
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
3.2.1. Cc d liu thc t cn thit cho vic xy dng m hnh

a. Thnh phn cht lu
Bng 3.8 D liu thnh phn cht lu CNV trn PVTsim 19.0
b. p sut, nhit v lu lng vn hnh

Bng 3.9 D liu p sut, nhit v lu lng
Thng s
p sut u vo ng ng CNV WHP
p sut u ra ng ng CPP3
Nhit u vo ng ng CNV WHP
Nhit u ra ng ng CPP3
Nhit y bin
H s truyn nhit
Lu lng khai thc
Gi tr
710-750
500 560
75
43
24
1.913
5000- 7500
n v
psi
psi
o
C
o
C
o
C
W/m2K
bbl/d
51
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
c. Cc c tnh c bn ca ng ng vn chuyn
Bng 3.10 D liu c bn vt liu ca ng ng
Material
Thermal Conductivity
(W/mK)
Density
(kg/m)
Heat Capacity
(J/kg-K)
Steel (API 5L X 65)
45
7,850
400
FBE
0.3
1,450
1,200
PP Adhesive
0.22
900
1,000
PU Foam
0.04
165
1,500
Solid Polypropylene
0.215
900
1,800
Concrete Weight Coating
2.0
2242.6
1,000
d. M hnh h thng tuyn ng CNV - CPP3
Hnh 3.17 th m phng mt ct tuyn ng CNV-CPP3 trn OLGA 7.0
52
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
3.2.2. Xy dng m hnh nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng vn

chuyn
Hnh 3.18 M hnh h thng ng ng vn chuyn hn hp du kh CNV CPP3

T m hnh va xy dng c, qu trnh m phng nhit thy ng dng chy
trong ng ng vn chuyn c tin hnh thc hin, hnh 3.19 & 3.20.
Trend data
PRESSURE FLOWLINE,TOPSIDE_CNV,2 [bar]
PRESSURE FLOWLINE,TOPSIDE_CPP3_1,1 [bar]
60
55
50
bar
45
40
35
30
25
20
0
500
1000
1500
Time [m]
CNV to CPP3 - Initial StartUp
Hnh 3.19 Kt qu m phng p sut trn CNV & CPP3 trong 24h (start-up) sau khi
chy m hnh.
53
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Trend data
FLUID TEMPERATURE FLOWLINE,TOPSIDE_CNV,2 [C]
FLUID TEMPERATURE FLOWLINE,TOPSIDE_CPP3_1,1 [C]
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
15
0
10
15
20
25
Time [h]
CNV to CPP3 - Initial StartUp
Hnh 3.20 Kt qu m phng nhit trn CNV & CPP-3 trong 24h (start-up) sau
khi chy m hnh
3.2.3. Hiu chnh m hnh nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng vn
chuyn
Sau qu trnh thu thp s liu, xy dng m hnh v m phng qu trnh nhit
thy ng trong ng ng vn chuyn hai u CNV & CPP3 trong 24h, hnh 3.19,
3.20, da vo cc d liu thc t o c v nhit v p sut theo thi gian trong
24h hai u CNV & CPP-3, hnh 3.21 & 3.22, qu trnh hiu chnh m hnh nhit
thy ng dng chy trong ng ng vn chuyn c tin hnh vi s h tr ca
module tuned trong OLGA 7.0.
Kt qu hiu chnh nhit v p sut hai u CNV & CPP-3 theo thi gian
trong 24h, hnh 3.24, 3.25, cho thy m hnh nhit thy ng m phng qu trnh khi
ng ng ng va xy dng phn nh kh chnh xc vi d liu o thc t.
54
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70
60
Pressure, Bar
50
40
30
20
P_cnv_FieldData
P_cpp3_FieldData
10
0
7/25/08 7:12 AM
7/25/08 12:00 PM
7/25/08 4:48 PM
7/25/08 9:36 PM
7/26/08 2:24 AM
7/26/08 7:12 AM
Time
Hnh 3.21 Kt qu p sut o thc th trn CNV v CPP-3 trong 24h
100
90
80
Temperature, C
70
60
50
40
30
20
Tcpp3_Field Data
10
Tcnv_Field Data
0
7/25/08 7:12
7/25/08 12:00
7/25/08 16:48
7/25/08 21:36
7/26/08 2:24
7/26/08 7:12
Time
Hnh 3.22 Kt qu nhit o thc t trn CNV & CPP-3 trong 24h
55
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
70
60
Pressure, Bar
50
40
30
P_cnv_Sim
20
P_cpp3_Sim
P_cpp3_FieldData
P_cnv_fieldData
10
0
7/25/08 7:12
7/25/08 12:00
7/25/08 16:48
7/25/08 21:36
7/26/08 2:24
7/26/08 7:12
Time
Hnh 3.23 Kt qu hiu chnh p sut thc t v m phng trn CNV & CPP3
110
100
90
Tcpp3_Field Data
Tcpp3_Sim
Tcnv_Sim
Tcnv_Field Data
Temperature, C
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
7:12
12:00
16:48
21:36
2:24
7:12
Time
Hnh 3.24 Kt qu hiu chnh nhit thc t v m phng trn CNV & CPP3
56
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M phng qu trnh nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng v xut
3.3.
phng n ti u ha vn chuyn hn hp du kh
3.3.1. M phng qu trnh nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng vn
chuyn vi ch lu lng hot ng hin thi
Da vo d liu o thc t, bng 3.11, tin hnh xy dng mi quan h gia
nhit v p sut sau cn tit lu.
Bng 3.11 D liu nhit v p sut sau cn tit lu
p sut sau cn tit lu, [bar]
100
80
70
60
50
40
30
Nhit sau cn tit lu, [oC]
84.18
81.93
80.60
79.13
77.45
75.51
73.21
86
Nhit sau choke, oC
84
82
80
78
76
74
72
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
p sut sau choke, Bar
Hnh 3.25 th biu din mi quan h gia nhit v p sut sau cn tit lu
Quan st t hnh 3.25, nu p sut trn ng dn sau choke trn gin CNV c
tng ln, nhit ca dng cht lu trong ng dn sau choke cng s tng ln v ngc
li. Da vo kt qu phn tch ny, qu trnh m phng ch dng chy n nh trong
ng ng t CNV WHP n CPP-3 c tin hnh vi cc trng hp khc nhau v
p sut thit lp trn CNV WHP v CPP-3, lu lng khai thc 7500stb/d, bng 3.12.
57
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Bng 3.12 Cc trng hp m phng ch dng chy n nh trong ng ng

Trng hp
QCNV
WCT
GOR
PCPP-3
PCNV
TCNV
[bbl/d]
[%]
[scf/bbl]
[bar]
[bar]
[0C ]
35.5
50
77.5
20
40
75.51
60
70
80.6
80
90
83.2
1
2
3
7500
1.5
2573
Quan st kt qu t c t hnh 3.26 v hnh 3.27, khi tng ng thi p sut

trn CNV WHP v CPP-3 th nhit trung bnh trong ng ng vn chuyn cng
tng ln. C th, vi lu lng vn chuyn t CNV 7500stb/d, nu tng p sut trn
CPP-3 t 40bar n 80bar th nhit trung bnh ca dng cht lu vn chuyn trong
ng ng tng t 6oC n 10oC, iu ny ng ngha vi vic nhit ng c ca
du th CNV c gim xung mt phn.
Hnh 3.26 Kt qu m phng bin thin p sut trong ng ng vn chuyn

CNV - CPP3
58
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Hnh 3.27 Kt qu m phng bin thin nhit trong ng ng vn chuyn

CNV - CPP3
3.3.2. M phng qu trnh nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng vn
chuyn vi cc ch lu lng khc nhau
a.
M phng qu trnh nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng

vi cc ch lu lng khc nhau
Qu trnh m phng nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng vn chuyn

vi cc ch lu lng khc nhau s c tin hnh thc hin, bng 3.13. Cc kt
m phng s c phn tch v xut ra phng n hp l nht nhm ti u qu
trnh vn chuyn du CNV trong ng ng.
Bng 3.13 D liu m phng cc ch lu lng khc nhau
Q
Parrival at CPP3
Tfluid CNV
Tambient
[STB/d]
[bar]
[oC]
[oC]
6000
40
63
21
5000
40
55
21
Trng hp
59
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
3
3000
40
42
17
36
21
2000
17
30
21
1000
17
30
21
i. M phng nhit thy ng dng chy vi lu lng 6000STB/d

Vi lu lng khai thc 6000STB/d, nhit 63oC ti CNV WHP, kt qu m
phng v p sut, nhit , vn tc, t phn lng, lu lng trong ng ng vn
chuyn trong 24h c bin din qua hnh 3.28 n hnh 3.30.
Quan st t hnh 3.30, khi lu lng thit lp ti CNV 6000STB/d, lu lng
dng chy ti CPP-3 hu nh n nh, khng c s xut hin cc nt kh (Slugging)
trong trng hp ny. Ti hnh 3.28, nhit cht lu dc theo ng ng gim t
63oC xung 38oC, thp hn so vi nhit hnh thnh paraffin ca du CNV.
Profile data at: 1440 [m]
PRESSURE,FLOWLINE [bar]
FLUID TEMPERATURE,FLOWLINE [C]
48
65
47
60
46
55
44
bar
45
50
43
45
42
40
41
40
35
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
26000
Length [m]
CNV to CPP3 - Steady state Flow

(6000STB/d)
60
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
0.35
2.5
0.3
m/s
HOLDUP (LIQUID VOLUME FRACTION),FLOWLINE [-]

LIQUID VELOCITY ,FLOWLINE [m/s]
0.4
0.25
0.2
1.5
0.15
0.5
0.1
0
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
26000
Length [m]
Hnh 3.29 Kt qu m phng vn tc v t phn lng trong ng ng sau 24h

Trend data
LIQUID VOLUME FLOW AT STANDARD CONDITIONS FLOWLINE,TOPSIDE_CPP3_2,4 [STB/d]
6200
STB/d
6150
6100
6050
6000
0
500
1000
1500
Time [m]
Hnh 3.30 Kt qu m phng lu lng dng chy ti CPP-3

61
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ii. M phng nhit thy ng dng chy vi lu lng 5000STB/d

dng chy ti CPP-3 hu nh n nh, khng c s xut hin cc nt kh (Slugging)
trong trng hp ny. Ti hnh 3.33, nhit cht lu dc theo ng ng gim t
55oC xung 33oC, thp hn so vi nhit hnh thnh paraffin ca du CNV.
60
46
45.5
55
45
44.5
44
50
bar
43.5
43
45
42.5
42
40
41.5
41
35
40.5
40
30
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
26000
Length [m]

(5000STB/d)
62
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0.35
2.5
0.3
m/s

0.4
0.25
0.2
1.5
0.15
0.5
0.1
0
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
26000
Length [m]

Trend data
5100
5090
5080
5070
STB/d
5060
5050
5040
5030
5020
5010
5000
0
500
1000
1500
Time [m]
63
Lun vn tt nghip
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iii. M phng nhit thy ng dng chy vi lu lng 3000 STB/d

(p sut ti CPP-3: 40bar)
dng chy ti CPP-3 hu nh vn n nh, khng c s xut hin cc nt kh
(Slugging) trong trng hp ny. Ti hnh 3.34, nhit cht lu dc theo ng ng
gim t 42oC xung 26oC, thp hn rt nhiu so vi nhit hnh thnh paraffin v
nhit ng c ca du CNV.
45
44
43.5
43
40
42.5
41.5
bar
42
35
41
40.5
30
40
39.5
39
25
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
26000
Length [m]

(3000STB/d 40bar)
64
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2.5
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
1.5
m/s
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.5
0.05
5000
10000
15000
20000
26000
Length [m]

Trend data
3100
STB/d
3050
3000
2950
2900
0
500
1000
1500
Time [m]
65
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Ti hnh 3.35, t phn lng trong trng hp ny nm trong khong gi tr t

0.35 n 0.4, vn tc cht lu trong ng thp hn 0.5m/s so vi cc trng hp trn.
iu ny chng t vn lng ng paraffin dc theo ng ng vn chuyn ang
tng dn. V vy, vi cng lu lng 3000STB/d, m bo s di chuyn ca dng
cht lu c tt hn, vn tc cht lu phi c tng ln, mun vy, p sut ti CPP-3
phi c thit lp xung 17bar.
iv. M phng nhit thy ng dng chy vi lu lng 3000 STB/d
(p sut ti CPP-3: 17bar)
dng chy ti CPP-3 hu nh vn n nh v cha c s xut hin cc nt kh
(Slugging) trong trng hp ny. Ti hnh 3.37, nhit cht lu dc theo ng ng
gim t 36oC xung 25.5oC, thp hn rt nhiu so vi nhit hnh thnh paraffin v
nhit ng c ca du CNV.
40
21
20.5
35
20
bar
19.5
19
30
18.5
18
25
17.5
17
20
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
26000
Length [m]

(3000STB/d 17bar)
66
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0.3
2.5
0.25
2
0.2
0.15
m/s
1.5
1
0.1
0.5
0.05
5000
10000
15000
20000
26000
Length [m]

Trend data
LIQUID VOLUME FLOW AT STOCK TANK CONDITION FLOWLINE,TOPSIDE_CPP3_2,2 [STB/d]
3100
3090
3080
3070
STB/d
3060
3050
3040
3030
3020
3010
3000
0
500
1000
1500
Time [m]

67
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Ti hnh 3.38, vi p sut thit lp 17bar ti CPP-3, vn tc cht lu dc ng

ng tng t 0.45m/s (PCPP-3 = 40bar) n 0.68 m/s (PCPP-3 = 17bar). iu ny c ngha
vn lng ng paraffin trong ng ng c gim so vi trng hp p sut ti
CPP-3 thit lp 40bar.
v. M phng nhit thy ng dng chy vi lu lng 2000 STB/d
dng chy ti CPP-3 khng n nh, nt kh (Slugging) trong trng hp ny bt u
xut hin. Ti hnh 3.40, nhit cht lu dc theo ng ng gim t 30oC xung
24oC, thp hn rt nhiu so vi nhit hnh thnh paraffin v nhit ng c ca
du CNV. Ti hnh 3.41, vn tc cht lu trong ng khong gi tr 0.4m/s, t phn lng
gim xung cn 0.25-0.28.
19.5
30
29
19
28
18.5
bar
27
18
26
17.5
25
17
24
16.5
23
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
26000
Length [m]

(2000STB/d)
68
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2.5
0.4
0.35
2
0.3
1.5
m/s
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.5
0.05
5000
10000
15000
20000
26000
Length [m]

Trend data
15000
STB/d
10000
5000
0
0
500
1000
1500
Time [m]
69
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Da trn c s l thuyt s hnh thnh cc nt kh trong ng ng vn chuyn

du kh a pha t n (Ha, 2012), qu trnh kho st slug tracking ti on ng riser
CPP3 trong trng hp ny c tin hnh thc hin. Mc ch ca vic kho st ny
nhm xc nh s lng, chiu di nt kh v nh gi tc ng ca s hnh thnh cc
nt kh i vi h thng bnh tch cp mt ti CPP-3.
Quan st t hnh 3.43 n hnh 3.45, lu lng t cao nht ti gi tr xp x
18,000STB/d, tng s nt kh trong ng ng t 1 n 16 nt, chiu di cc nt kh t
0.5m n 34m. T hnh 3.47, ti gi tr lu lng trung bnh 2000 STB/d, s bin i
t ngt ca khi cht lng (Surge liquid) vo bnh tch cp 1 tng t t v t gi tr
325 bbl/d, kh cao so vi khi lu lng trung bnh 5000STB/d ch t c khng qu
5 bbl. Vi sc cha thit k 70 m3 (440 bbl) ca bnh tch cp 1 CPP-3, gi tr bin i
t ngt ca khi cht lng 325 bbl vo bnh tch cp 1 vn khng nh hng xu n
kh nng tip nhn ca h thng bnh tch cp 1 ti CPP-3.
Trend data
20000
15000
STB/d
10000
5000
-5000
0
500
1000
1500
Time [m]
CNV to CPP3 - Slug tracking 1000 STB/D
Hnh 3.43 Lu lng th tch ti CPP-3 (2000 bbl/d)

70
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Trend data
TOTAL NUMBER OF SLUGS (ALL PIPELINES) [-]
20
15
10
0
0
500
1000
1500
Time [m]
Hnh 3.44 S nt kh ti CPP-3 (2000 bbl/d)

Trend data
SLUG-TRACKING: SLUG LENGTH FLOWLINE,TOPSIDE_CPP3_2,3 [m]
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
0
500
1000
1500
Time [m]
Hnh 3.45 Chiu di nt kh ti CPP-3 (2000 bbl/d)
71
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____________________________________________________________________________
Trend data
ACCUMULATED LIQUID VOLUME FLOW FLOWLINE,TOPSIDE_CPP3_2,4 [bbl]
2500
2000
bbl
1500
1000
500
0
0
500
1000
1500
Time [m]
Hnh 3.46 Lu lng cng dn ti CPP-3 (2000 bbl/d)
bbl/d
72
Lun vn tt nghip
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vi. M phng nhit thy ng dng chy vi lu lng 1000 STB/d

Quan st t hnh 3.50, khi lu lng thit lp ti CNV 1000STB/d, mc
khng n nh ca lu lng dng chy ti CPP-3 so vi trng hp lu lng
2000STB/d tng ln ng k, nt kh (Slugging) xut hin. Ti hnh 3.48, nhit cht
lu dc theo ng ng gim t 30oC xung 24oC, thp hn rt nhiu so vi nhit
hnh thnh paraffin v nhit ng c ca du CNV. Ti hnh 3.49, vn tc cht lu
trong ng rt thp khong gi tr 0.05 0.15m/s, t phn lng dao ng mnh trong
khong 0.16-0.58.
19.5
29
28.5
28
19
27.5
27
26.5
bar
18.5
26
25.5
18
25
24.5
17.5
24
23.5
17
23
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
26000
Length [m]

(1000STB/d)
73
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0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
1.5
0.4
m/s
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.5
0.1
0.05
0
0
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
26000
Length [m]

Trend data
15000
STB/d
10000
5000
0
0
500
1000
1500
Time [m]

74
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Quan st t hnh 3.51 n hnh 3.53, lu lng t cao nht ti gi tr xp x

27,500STB/d, tng s nt kh trong ng ng t 5 n 50 nt, chiu di cc nt kh t
0.5m n 27m. T hnh 3.55, ti gi tr lu lng trung bnh 1000STB/d, s bin i
t ngt ca khi cht lng (surge liquid) vo bnh tch cp 1 bin thin khng n nh
v t gi tr 186 bbl/d, kh cao so vi khi lu lng trung bnh 5000STB/d ch t
c khng qu 5 bbl. Vi sc cha thit k 70 m3 (440 bbl) ca bnh tch cp 1 CPP3, gi tr bin i t ngt ca khi cht lng 186 bbl vo bnh tch cp 1 vn khng
nh hng xu n kh nng tip nhn ca h thng bnh tch cp 1 ti CPP-3.
Trend data
30000
25000
20000
STB/d
15000
10000
5000
-5000
0
500
1000
1500
Time [m]
Hnh 3.51 Lu lng th tch ti CPP-3 (1000 bbl/d)
75
Lun vn tt nghip
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Trend data
TOTAL NUMBER OF SLUGS (ALL PIPELINES) [-]
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
500
1000
1500
Time [m]
Hnh 3.52 S nt kh ti CPP-3 (1000 bbl/d)

Trend data
30
25
20
15
10
-0.001
0
500
1000
1500
Time [m]
Hnh 3.53 Chiu di nt kh ti CPP-3 (1000 bbl/d)

76
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Trend data
ACCUMULATED LIQUID VOLUME FLOW FLOWLINE,TOPSIDE_CPP3_2,4 [bbl]
1500
bbl
1000
500
0
0
500
1000
1500
Time [m]
Hnh 3.54 Lu lng cng dn ti CPP-3 (1000 bbl/d)
bbl/d
77
Lun vn tt nghip
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vii. Tm tt kt qu m phng
Bng 3.14 Kt qu m phng nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng vi cc
ch lu lng khc nhau
Trng hp
QCNV , [STB/d]
6000
5000
3000
3000
2000
1000
QCPP3, [STB/d]
n nh
n nh
n nh
n nh
Khng n nh
Khng n nh
Nt kh
xut hin
PCNV
Khng
Khng
Khng
Khng
47.3 bar
45.4 bar
43.1 bar
20.5 bar
19.25 bar
19.2 bar
PCPP3
40 bar
40 bar
40 bar
17 bar
17 bar
17 bar
TCNV
630C
550C
420C
360C
300C
300C
TCPP3
380C
< WAT
330C
<WAT
260C
<< WAT
25.50C
<< WAT
240C
<< WAT
240C
<< WAT
1.1
0.85
0.45
0.68
0.4
0.05-0.15
0.28-0.3
0.31-0.33
0.35-0.4
0.22-0.23
0.25-0.28
0.16-0.58
Vn tc cht lu
trong ng,
[m/s]
T phn lng
b. xut phng n hp l cho vic ti u ha vn chuyn du CNV

Vi h thng ng ng kh di (25km) CNV CPP3, s tn tht nhit trong
qu trnh vn chuyn l rt ln. Thng qua vic m phng, qu trnh nhit thy ng
dng chy trong sut h thng ng ng vn chuyn c nh gi v phn tch kh
r rng. Qua cho thy, vn ng ch v cn gii quyt l s hnh thnh v lng
ng paraffin trong h thng ng ng kt ni CNV-CPP3. Cc phng n hp l
nhm gii quyt vn ny c trnh by mc 1.3.3. Trong phn trnh by ca
lun vn ny, phng n s dng ha phm gim nhit ng c nhm kim sot
kh nng lng ng paraffin trong h thng ng ng CNV-CPP3 s c xut v
i su vo kho st.
78
Lun vn tt nghip
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i. nh gi hiu qu ha phm n tnh cht du CNV

Theo nghin cu v phn tch cc mu du th CNV trong phng th nghim,
ha phm EC6509A c nh gi kh hiu qu trong vic ci bin tnh cht ho l
trong du th nh:
-
Gim nhit ng c ca du th.
Gim nht ng hc ca du nhit thp.
Hiu qu ca ha phm n im ng c (Pour Point)

T cc kt qu tnh ton v phn tch mu du CNV bng phng php ASTM
D97 Minimum trong phng th nghim vi cc liu lng cht c ch khc nhau
bng 3.15 & hnh 3.56, hiu qu ca ha phm PPD n vic lm gim im ng c
ca du CNV c th hin kh r rt.
Bng 3.15 Kt qu phn tch nhit ng c cc liu lng cht c ch khc
nhau
Lng cht c ch, [ppm]
Phn tch
im ng c (Pour Point)
250
500
600
800
1000
2000
30
25
21
18
18
15
15
im ng c (Pour Point) oC
33
30
27
24
21
18
15
12
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Lng cht c ch (ppm)
Hnh 3.56 th biu din kt qu phn tch nhit ng c vi cc liu lng

cht c ch khc nhau
79
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Hiu qu ca ha phm n nht ng hc (Dynamic Viscosity)

Qua cc kt qu o c t phng th nghim bng 3.16 v th hnh 3.57
vic s dng ha phm cho du CNV em li hiu qu ng k nhng nhit di
im MP (Melting point) nh :
-
Khi s dng ha phm, nht ca du c gim xung t 5 n 10 ln

trong cng mt tc ct (Shear rate).
Bn cnh , nu tng tc ct ln 10 ln th nht ca du CNV s gim

t 1.5 n 5 ln.
Bng 3.16 Kt qu th nghim xc nh nh hng ca ha phm n nht ng

hc ca du CNV
PPD
0 ppm
500ppm
Nhit
nht ng hc
nht ng hc
nht ng hc
nht ng hc
ti tc ct
ti tc ct
ti tc ct
ti tc ct
[C]
1.483 1/s [mPas]
14.83 1/s [mPas]
1.483 1/s [mPas]
14.83 1/s [mPas]
82
1.51
1.51
1.53
1.53
81
1.54
1.54
1.55
1.55
80
1.57
1.57
1.58
1.58
79
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.60
78
1.63
1.62
1.62
1.62
25
340
157
55.1
22.9
24
450
184
76.0
28.7
23
590
207
95.0
38.1
22
800
231
123
51
80
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
nht ng lc hc & Nhit
10000.00
nht ng hc
1000.00
100.00
10.00
1.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Nhit
nht ng hc ti tc ct 1.483 1/s - 0ppm
Hnh 3.57 th biu din hiu qu ca ha phm PPD n nht ca du CNV
81
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
ii. nh lng ha phm cho cc ch lu lng

Quan st kt qu m phng nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng vi cc lu
lng khc nhau bng 3.14, nhit du trong qu trnh vn chuyn t CNV sang
CPP-3 b tn tht kh ln, to iu kin thun li cho s hnh thnh v lng ng
paraffin. c bit, khi nhit du thp hn nhit ng c s gy ra nhiu kh
khn v ri ro cho vic vn chuyn. Chnh v vy, vic nh lng ha phm hp l
nhm ti u qu trnh vn chuyn du trong ng ng l rt cn thit.
T kt qu nghin cu nhit ng c vi cc liu lng cht c ch khc
nhau bng 3.15, lng ha phm cn thit bm trong qu trnh vn chuyn du
CNV trong ng ng c xc nh v th hin bng 3.17.
Bng 3.17 Bng nh lng ha phm cho cc lu lng vn chuyn khc nhau
Trng hp
QCNV, [STB/d]
6000
5000
3000
3000
2000
1000
TCNV
630C
550C
420C
360C
300C
300C
330C
260C
25.50C
240C
240C
TCPP3
380C
<
WAT
< WAT
<< WAT
<< WAT
<< WAT
<< WAT
Liu lng
ha phm cn
thit, [ppm]
120150
150-200
250-300
250-300
300-500
300-500
im ng c
t c, [0C]
27 - 28
26 - 27
24 - 25
24 - 25
21 -24
21 - 24
82
Lun vn tt nghip
____________________________________________________________________________
Kt lun: T thc t sn xut hin nay ca m C Ng Vng v nhng m

phng, nghin cu trong phng th nghim ta c th kt lun rng :
-
Ho phm h nhit ng c trong du c mt vai tr rt quan trng trong

vic thu gom, x l v vn chuyn du nhiu paraffin.
Vic m phng cc trng hp vn chuyn du kh trong ng ng vi cc

lu lng khc nhau rt cn thit, nhm a ra cc nh lng ho phm
thch hp gip ci bin tnh cht ho l ca du nhiu paraffin, gim ti thiu
qu trnh lng ng paraffin trong ng ng, gip ti u kh nng vn
chuyn hn hp du kh t m C Ng Vng n gin cng ngh trung tm
s 3 m Bch H.
83
Lun vn tt nghip
Kt lun v kin ngh
____________________________________________________________________________
KT LUN V KIN NGH

Nhm mc ch nng cao hiu qu thu hi du bng h thng cc ng ng kt
ni ni m hoc cc m cn bin, cc phng php ti u ha qu trnh vn chuyn
hn hp du kh ngy cng c y mnh nghin cu v pht trin khng ngng.
Trong , vic ng dng phng php m phng s m phng qu trnh hot ng
dng chy trong ng ng l mt cng c hu hiu, gip ti hin li hot ng ca
cht lu vn chuyn trong ng ng trong thc t.
Vi ti lun vn TI U HA QU TRNH VN CHUYN DU KH
A PHA TRONG NG NG NGM DI BIN T M C NG VNG
N GIN X L TRUNG TM S 3 M BCH H, tc gi gii quyt c
nhng vn sau:
-
a ra ci nhn tng quan v ti u ha vn chuyn hn hp du kh trong

ng ng, kh nng ng dng v cc phng php gii quyt vn trong
thc t hin nay.
H thng ha c s tnh ton v xy dng m hnh dng chy a pha trong

ng ng.
Nghin cu v phn tch cc tnh cht ca du th CNV, xut ra loi ha

phm ph hp nht x l du th CNV.
Xy dng quy trnh m phng chung cho bi ton ti u ha qu trnh vn

chuyn du kh trong thc t.
ng dng phn mm m phng chuyn dng OGLA 7.0 (Cty SPT Group Schlumberger) m phng cc qu trnh nhit thy ng dng chy trong
ng ng vn chuyn hn hp du kh t m C Ng Vng n gin x l
trung tm s 3 m Bch H cho ch lu lng hot ng hin thi v cc
ch lu lng hot ng trong tng lai. Kt qu thu c t qu trnh
m phng c x l, phn tch v nh gi nh sau:
84
Lun vn tt nghip
Kt lun v kin ngh
____________________________________________________________________________
Vi ch lu lng hot ng hin thi 7500bbl/d, khi tng ng

thi p sut trn CNV WHP v CPP-3 th nhit trung bnh trong
ng ng vn chuyn cng tng ln. C th, nu tng p sut trn
CPP-3 t 40bar n 80bar th nhit dng cht lu vn chuyn trong
ng ng s tng t 6oC n 10oC, iu ny ng ngha vi vic
nhit ng c ca du th CNV c gim xung mt phn.
Vi cc ch lu lng trong tng lai:
Khi ng ng hot ng ch 6000bb/d, 5000bbl/d, lu
lng dng chy trong ng hot ng hu nh n nh, khng
c s xut hin cc nt kh (Slugging), nhit ca cht lu
dc theo ng ng gim khng di im ng c (30oC).
Khi ng ng hot ng ch 3000bbl/d lu lng dng
chy trong ng hot ng hu nh n nh, khng c s xut
hin cc nt kh (Slugging). Tuy nhin, nhit ca cht lu
trong ng ng gn khu vc CPP-3 (khong 25oC) gim
xung di im ng c (30oC).
Khi ng ng hot ng ch 2000bbl/d, 1000bbl/d lu
lng dng chy trong ng hot ng bt n nh, cc nt kh
hnh thnh. Vi ch 2000bbl/d tng s nt kh t 1 n 16
nt, chiu di 0.5m n 34m , s bin i t ngt ca khi
cht lng (Surge liquid) trong ng vo bnh tch cp 1 t gi
tr 325bbl/d so vi sc cha thit k bnh tch cp 1 l 440bbl.
Vi ch 1000bbl/d tng s nt kh t 5 n 50 nt, chiu di
0.5m n 27m, s bin i t ngt ca khi cht lng (Surge
liquid) trong ng vo bnh tch cp 1 t gi tr 186bbl/d so vi
sc cha thit k bnh tch cp 1 l 440bbl. Bn cnh , nhit
ca cht lu trong ng ng gn khu vc CPP-3 (khong
24oC) gim xung di im ng c (30oC).
85
Lun vn tt nghip
Kt lun v kin ngh
____________________________________________________________________________
Sau qu trnh phn tch v nh gi kt qu, phng n ti u c xut

v i su vo kho st, c th l phng n s dng ha phm gim nhit
ng c nhm kim sot kh nng lng ng paraffin trong h thng ng
ng kt ni CNV-CPP3. Nh vic m phng v nghin cu cc phng n hp
l x l du CNV trong qu trnh vn chuyn, nhng ri ro c gim thiu
v t c hiu qu kinh t trong vic s dng hp l liu lng ha phm
nh:
Ch lu lng 6000bbl/d liu lng x l ha phm 120-150ppm,
im ng c t c 27-28 oC.
Ch lu lng 2000bbl/d, 1000bbl/d liu lng x l ha phm
300-500ppm, im ng c t c 21-24 oC.
Mt s kin ngh pht trin ti ny xin c xut:
-
Xy dng m hnh v d bo kh nng lng ng paraffin trong h thng

ng ng CNV-CPP3.
Nghin cu phng n vn chuyn du nhiu paraffin vi mc lu lng

thp.
Nghin cu v m phng qu trnh phng thoi no vt ng ng hp l cho

h thng ng ng kt ni CNV-CPP3 nhm gim thiu v loi b lng
paraffin lng ng trong ng.
86
Lun vn tt nghip
Ti liu tham kho
____________________________________________________________________________
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] H. Pan et al. (n.d.). Pressure and Composition Effect on Wax Precipitation:
Experimental Data and Model Results. SPE 36740.
[2] Bratland, D. O. (2009). Pipe Flow 1: Single-phase Flow Assurance.
[3] Bratland, D. O. (2010). Pipe Flow 2: Multi - phase Flow Assurance.
[4] D. D. Erickson et al. (n.d.). Thermodynamic Measurement and Prediction of
Paraffin Precipitation in Crude Oil. SPE 26604.
[5] Energy, U. D. (1992). Doe Fundamentals Handbook Thermodynamics, Heat
Transfer, and Fluid Flow (Vols. 1-3). Washington, D.C. 20585.
[6] Group, S. (n.d.). OLGA 7 User Manual.
[7] Ha, . X. (2012). Kho st s hnh thnh cc nt kh trong ng ng vn
chuyn du kh a pha. n Mn Hc.
[8] Jinya Zhang; Hongwu Zhu; Yan Li; Chun Yang. (2009). Multi-Objective
Optimization of the Gathering and Transferring of Oil-Gas Pipe Network Based
on the Genetic Algorithm. ICPTT .
[9] JOC, H. V. (2012). Scope of Word for Flow Assurance Further Study for CNV
to CPP-3 Production Pipeline.
[10] Kjell H. Bendlksen, Dag Malnes, Randi Moe, and Sven Nuland, Inst. for Energy
Technology. (1991). The Dynamic Two-Fluid Model OLGA: Theory and
Application. SPE 19451.
[11] L c Tu, Nguyn Thnh Dng,Nguyn Minh Hi, Nguyn Hu Nhn.
(2010). Cc Gii Php Pht Trin M Nh Ti Vit Nam. Hi Ngh KHCN quc
t, 593-601.
[12] Leksono Mucharam, Septoratno Siregar, Darmadi, Musyoffi Yahya, Achirul
Akbar. (2008). Optimization of a Paraffinic Oil Transmission Pipeline Network
Design: Simulation Approach. IPA.
87
Lun vn tt nghip
Ti liu tham kho
____________________________________________________________________________
[13] Nguyen Thuc Khang, Ha Van Bich, Tong Canh Son, Le Dinh Hoe, JV
Vietsovpetro; Phung Dinh Thuc, PVEP Vietnam. (2004). A New Approach for
Regime Optimization of Oil and Gas Mixture Pipeline Transportation. SPE.
[14] Siljuberg, M. K. (2012). Modelling of Paraffin Wax in Oil Pipelines. Master
Thesis.
[15] Thi Hng Chng, Phm Xun, Ton o Vit Thn, Trng Bin. (2010).
Nghin Cu Pht Trin Cht Lm Gim Nhit ng c Du Th M Nam
Rng i Mi. Hi ngh KHCN quc t.
[16] Yong Bai, Qiang Bai. (2010). Subsea Structural Engineering Handbook. USA:
Gulf Professional.
88

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Lun vn tt nghip

Cc thng s kim sot qu trnh ti u ha ............................................ 3

Cc phng php s dng cho qu trnh ti u ha................................. 3

CHNG 2: C S L THUYT DNG CHY A PHA TRONG NG NG

Cc ch dng chy trong ng ng nm ngang.................................... 8

Cc ch dng chy trong ng ng thng ng ................................ 10

Biu ch dng chy (Flow regime maps) ........................................ 11

C s tnh ton v xy dng m hnh dng chy hai pha ................................ 15

Phng trnh bo ton khi lng .......................................................... 15

Phng trnh bo ton ng lng ......................................................... 16

Phng trnh bo ton nng lng ......................................................... 17

Phng trnh p sut ............................................................................... 18

S truyn khi gia b mt phn cch cc pha ...................................... 18

2.3. Cc tnh cht c bn ca cht lu vn chuyn trong ng ng ...................... 19

Tnh lu bin .......................................................................................... 19

Nhit kt tinh ..................................................................................... 24

nh hng ha phm gim nhit ng c n cc tnh cht ca cht

CHNG 3: M PHNG QU TRNH NHIT THY NG DNG CHY

Gii thiu chung m C Ng Vng ........................................................ 30

H thng ng ng kt ni CNV CPP3 ............................................ 31

Thnh phn v tnh cht du th CNV ................................................... 33

Cc d liu thc t cn thit cho vic xy dng m hnh ...................... 51

Xy dng m hnh nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng vn

Hiu chnh m hnh nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng vn

3.3. M phng qu trnh nhit thy ng dng chy trong ng ng v xut

DANH SCH HNH NH

Hnh 2.1 Cc ch dng chy trong ng ng nm ngang [3] ............................... 10

Hnh 3.1 S v tr m C Ng Vng [9] ................................................................... 30

Hnh 3.40 Kt qu m phng p sut v nhit trong ng ng sau 24h

DANH SCH BNG BIU

American Petroleum Institute

American Society of Testing and Materials

Ca Ngu Vang Well Head Platform

JV Vietsovpetros Central Processing Platform at Bach Ho field

Cross Polarized Micoscope

Concrete Weight Coating

Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Floating Storage and Offloading

Floating Production Storage and Offloading

Gas Oil Ratio

Pour Point Depressant

Stock Tank Oil

Wax Appearance Temperature

2. Tnh hnh nghin cu lin quan n ti

gin x l trung tm CPP-3 ca m Bch H, Hong Long JOC kt hp vi Thng

Kho st mt cch h thng tng quan v ti u ha qu trnh vn chuyn

Tm hiu cc m hnh dng chy v c s xy dng m hnh dng chy

ng dng phn mm OLGA 7.0 m phng v phn tch cc ch lm vic

4. Phng php nghin cu

H thng ha c s tnh ton dng chy & l thuyt ti u ha trong ng

Phn tch s liu cc th nghim.

M hnh ha v m phng vi s h tr ca phn mm OLGA 7.0.

Phng php phn tch nh hng (Sensitivity analysis).

ng v mt s bi bo SPE. Ngoi ra, lun vn cn s dng cc ti liu k thut, ti

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V TI U HA VN CHUYN

Tng quan v ti u ha vn chuyn du kh bng ng ng kt ni

phng thoi nh k no vt ng ng loi b paraffin lng ng trn thnh ng, lu

Mc ch ca vic ti u ha vn chuyn du kh trong ng ng

di bin ni m vi nhau lun i mt vi s dao ng p sut, nhit v lu lng

Tit kim chi ph x l

(Lng ng paraffin, tc nghn

(Ha phm c ch & gim nhit

m bo dng chy hot