12/15/2014 curs9~10 Metabolismul lipidelor Mobilizarea, transportul si utilizarea lipidelor Grasimile sunt utilizate ca materiale energetice de citre majoritatea fesuturilr. + Aciaigrasi sunt ars preferential de miocard, ‘mugchi scheletici,rinichi + Tiiaciglicerolii (TAG) sunt depozitatiin citoplasma celulelor din tesutul adipos. Tesutul adipos are o disteibutie preferential subcutanata si periviscerala Celulele adipoase (adipocite): sunt locul de sintezd si depozitare a actor grasi (AG) sub forma de TAG, cand organismul dispune de resurse energetice - mobilizea23 AG din TAG de depozit, care sunt ‘ransportanti prin sange la fesutu $i folosi ca sursde energie, + Acti grash depozitat ca TAG (lipide neutre), reprezints 80% din greutatea TAG. + Flcatulstesutul adipos indeptinese functil Speciale in stocarea rezervelor energetice s1 unerea lor In eiteulatie atuncl cand este nevoie Digertaysbeorbalipdeor + Aponte pie n organi etc p cae spend din ahmente dont ster peo in proteine glide Digestiatipideor ‘icc A) aa gril rnin den sonean cusrure baarep den apt de steal inner panreate cnn se a pant reisottate, gsm parol hott igre, mmonogierde ain as geo Gteerotoratidel sub acta fstpasoreliber en merle ‘Stride sb cies enteral formes 2c a5 oll actor barn cgestitipietor {ste forte important eoarecei ipsa or digestitipielormu ‘se produc ipldelesuntelininate prinmaterle fecal emubionnes sini scare ipoproeineor ublisarea cesta Wer factarea absorb vane ipeslaie ‘Avoriaipidelor ‘rela net lostipor intestate + lcerblt abate maccns intestinal ange cca Toimind IR ate se + Aeti gray stn sun sa se combing cu geo renltdedergleoriele Tigre neidolzate sunt aborie inva nate Fosfoidelesurtstaorite ca atare sau tranatrnate + Steidle sunt stare ca atures fms de cleats ‘tenia sa hala ca tome de cbsteveler12/15/2014 Lipotiza + Reprint ros TAG din ata eipos cu formate de AG Petr elberates No i TAG sunt necezare Lenane ere pate TAG pare Rormon sensbls, DAG. para MAG ‘paw Flapalimtantéde wer apelie in apace este reata {teat de TAG ips ormon seb bug ce este ‘chats TN ipso, celtae ene ands nese ineadenaind ACR hormonal asrenocrtcatop, 13 {feeotopne armen srt a ond, Triaciiglicero! no. accra pans Diaciglicerol " pyaciicerot ipo Monoacilglicerol {Gomatotrpin sau hormonal de cess), vonopesa, Moncociigicero pana Glicerol ‘Metaboizareaglcerolul + Gheerolareutat din pot pout ubzatin festa aps detec pert kins ‘ste hat in plains de unde shingela Beat inch care suite tian act Inf gkevollestetranstormatin hidraactonrtt invermediar poli n?etape catia de gcerol ints 7 ‘dares gel} a hidoncetontott, ctaatade geal foot at Metabolizarea glicerolulul Metabolizarea actor grati + ee rena dn bia ot ‘ldo totanyeopori rick, pents a fa eveie retbotedin est aps sintetarsy restenfetcy lero 3 fret format ps cle gcons adussin out de eden). fovmarea 12st in stl adiposare le uncihe Contra de iplaay reetericare ‘ind itera poi! pete pe cea eter, a poten cient in pls unde se lag? de aburmie ensuing suns de energie importants pent fst12/15/2014 Oxidatea acitlorgrast Degradares nati completa unl acres pn a0, WiOse sestgoréin Sela 4 a fonds oo cults 5 Gero Lanpateepotr fonder scion gat {Spiralatynen) + Areloccu partigarea ©, 1 Actvaren actor ra entra fi degrada ac gr ebuie acai ‘Activates area ntoplasn ub aces acl GA sinttare ‘Actives clo grays face in dou tape:12/15/2024 Detclene ate tansportul air rs + nwa se ref fe canting fea arial ‘eastern (A) + Simptomle defined cai: posers ——71 Etapele B-oxidaril |. Presupune clivarea succesivé a unitatilor formate din cate 2 atomi de carbon (acetit- CoA\, incepand de la capatul carbox! terminal al moleculelor de acil-Coa, + Clivarea se produce intre atom de carbon, (a) 51, (B) de unde si numele de B-oxidare witares un: der ae Co eupind oseevent de att resetcataiatede pata enamocarescjonea concert ‘needs mane aruda Pro steer tase ‘rama CoA PL) $i acCok 1. tidied nadia se pcan NAS 16) wo.Cak> Seto ac Con 4. pesto accion cant chen penn 4. Acib-CoA dehidrogenaza are crept coenzimaFAO, ‘atalieaza transtormatea aciLCoA > A-trans-enoitCon Produsulreactlel este aomerut rans cu legit dubl inereC 5G 2. Enoil-CoA hidrataza catalizeazé transformares: B-trans-enoil-CoA> L (+}3-hidrox-acil-CoA 3. Bhidroxtacil-CoA dehidrogenaza are drept coenzima NAD’, catalizeazS transformarea: L{#)-3-hidroxi-acitCoa-> 3-ceto-acil-Con12/15/2014 4. B.ceto-act.CoA toler, cataizearclvarea in prezenta ‘CoA SH a unei moleculede aceti SCoA de a capitul ‘catboi terminal -ceto-aci-CoA 4 Bilangul energeticaloxidirii complete al acldutu palmitic + Patni Con (16atomi de carbon) este degadat in tlatate {sae Cot pin ceptors ct Poiaty de 7 (GAO yeCO-SCORY FAD THAD" TH,08 TCOASH-> v4-CDSCOA' 7FADH,» IMADHH') Pin vanspott prtonio 9 elctanir in atl respirator se toxmeat 35 moh de ATP ‘ct Ca oa pin Boar palmate CoA ze den in ‘ll rebscplat ctl espa generar 96 mal de ITP ech, tlantlenergeti sare acl aim ste de 121ml de ATP Pent actnarea sed pale sau utat 2inoh AV res bene nt al rected 129m Bontdaresacilor gras nessun + Ota portant zee grat in gree srimaleo ‘pret ac nears sel lord nce, al Ongar kr se vesiar cu selene ipa Scena Bontatvd cee poco determinate de ‘ont die legate denomecs geomet + acs ap de raters bots Fda contra ca intermedi nesta de tp ena Cok suconfiguate On + Ondaen eu ol Cy sthata oof pin 9 moti de acei'Con need otreaptsenrnats, ‘lenentra fa eat ussaturateorespuntr (Cy ‘Slat de erat Co romero presopune bemareas 7 Cori cetoniet ‘Ssesinteieer in tocondtieheatocelorcind concent sor grap in singe ete mare apie, ts tout in gis, abet nssinosdependent) ‘Aesth, abst bn prcezl de ae, n miteconcie hepatocyte uta mage ele rch Compllcetoncsuntechvalnp slain aps a acto gs SSTRUCTURA CORPILOR CETONICL OF foe on eee con Aeidacetoacetie Aid 0B hidonbutine enon12/15/2014 sac soon Pidroubutiat vmcion nest Oniéareacorporcetanit Aroarece poste activa ‘Acetoaceatl tee in singe de unde est prea de teste extrahepatic actiat otter emaen scenes Suerorenrannsn desert nseaeatan se Aeglarencetogenesi + Aportaimentarnormal ah nents Painter ~ Saeratieromaetcaglretanesigr a eps fun + Tninaniie ~ pinites Sma Acetestecnsagurcnoastosera ‘Slaresesursghececpaitamahnreotriee eglareacetogenee (Sectcntogeer en, Renee oincancent + bin moment caer nt in fiat udu oy ne mutavn susteesitcrea Pt hare cata (Sedans eeneat cu lersipens storms Narecjorteoroducase cee Aceon cna ino pose opt ta nes RE Meda eres ae MP te Biosinteza actor grati coenenauiTan ‘Serealzec rin condensate wir decte do atari de hbo, proces revert oxi Preset teaieide condensate este ace8k Cok -Acia ry asa pekat de energie pet mcs pot sitet gucrs inet smart sri + Frimte cate ata tas AG sunt cfs cilonl ‘Haunt compet dre de ensmele mitocanetse are tales degratare accor + cteun proces puter ce consis NADPH ferulat din caidares poo pe see pemtambeatte + erga neces stee AG (ATP) eet din atdeves Testun’ de set Sco proven del shox ‘COMPARATIEINTRE SINTEZA ACZILOR GRAGISE B-OKIDAREA ACESTORA Blosintezaaczlorgrasi_ | Boxidarea ieareoarararanon \ TMTOC CARSON Ars ci candi caida i12/15/2014 + Sintxa Ase destioard in ctosol + tsteun proces endergonic 9 reditie ‘eat sab ma oi orp maltrato nar gras sitaze ‘oe aro wat sintere AG sunt nz de aceb Conprowenti din horde aes gains pinta aid franc urmatide decoclores ta acesto + Donor unto dete dr toms de carbon eta de Songieese malo PTA In eae shngate se ‘teeans CO? + longarea se ore acid palit C26) ongyea aida patriicney forma su not AG (Stevewintd deal ste nama Biosintezaacidutl palmitic Catster rar (AGS) + Seatdin feat inch cer pl, lana mamat,esut {eta lal» ster aid’ pai: {BCH COS-CoOR® LaQNADPH H+ 7ATP Aesth cO (Ch yeCOOHs BCOASHY AANADPs 7ADP7P, + 6H,0 Ackdpobmitic ransportorde grupiracil din mitocondiein ‘toptosma “Enteza de cn grag se formeasé nto acest {robust Re tarsal in cso prin membrana rtocandea reestimpermeabispent seth CoA Taneprtl crt oA in miocond eat ent cat nplick nmatoarete resi [ti an * Ouicetatltrmatin tol su acres ivan ‘ebosd se foarcstsmhocondee + Memtrans mitocondial ene mpermesbi pont (abacett nesta ste eds malt sa aunea eo atl are oud Bide aia + Penrice set CoA wares din mitoonde [Sent trmessd un HADPH + NADPH oat sb actus ensime mace inpeand co (eld metabolaatea cone pe calea ponarsestaor Satecdiale edu pnen ee rmetabobce ior parbpareaasintes ace grat are loch Sate condi ‘eet Co neces CO, ss fom debicarbonat (C0,) pentru rman Co + tee reseiewoverei ataliat de acetl.COAcorbauligan® slrepecnd tape de ite contin sera aa a lenscoscon+ Heo," _. 00ceH,cosc0n iAcenicok acetbGoAcerbxilgend owns itera derelarea esimein feat ete epatide trea de ‘nse consum de lade enima este ste ames etd toga in im) encima eat 112/15/2014 ‘eid gros sitar ces de sine aid pale din ace oA, mato Cok NADPH est cota ce oct grssnara cmpen ruenamatceareacjonenss tien cata asin Sie cares pind inermedani metabo + Grp isan dated: ‘miamec, ero phere etdoi monomer sense’ sunt postion} cap coals” ‘tlie oe produc mula dud ts Aidit este precurotl ator ac gray + i acid ptiticsa aj ac eogene pot ints top agai carearenevoe organsmel rexceptia seer fay plese seal —aldulnoecg ai + el pattie ce nove poste wansorat re ‘longare,deaturare sou hidrslare sub sefunes una ‘tome ennmatce dite, ut estar ‘ei gas esenialsuntrecesar pnt sine lsotpdlor ‘lore Adulte recuse pent ses sed ahidove Reglarea metabolismululaczilorgrasi Set eran crys ate veld * ‘Shtza de act ra coletrolwtiaean ace Co de atria ser de corp cent lose act Cand tr eed + Inianii si iabet apart indicagon mc) Concentra AGin singe ete mare, ae sunt prea feat ‘!ondain mito mare de corp extn + Agate hide aportnslnd/ucagon mare) (tui sont utasate metaboamuthepate deosece ‘lina rae erates ice! In ste, tesla ‘irae oi snes guiness | + Renta Barapa eet sponta AG st transtrmatia TAG prin aeoea ele re grup OW ale ‘teeta + Rev rasan atin cos nun proces ATP dependentsaubachunes oll COA sinters cons ‘ales monoscigiceolst ales plceroh2 forte orc inear in etre ‘esntera TAG din produ de digest, absorii din nest ‘in TAG aimentare sub acune ip pancrenice se formeszs Pmonotelgeerl aca ci yapsun acta in enteroctzerexintetea TAG TAG sunt iglbst decor prn stem bai she insinge Clea de estefan glcerot3-oratut te cals desintenba TAGIn aprspetotecelalie esi ale orga cert fort ve ote pin edetea donc ston ‘erst rena in pola fe din perl prin forte reesin preset de AIP TAGs on pin acres piel raps, de be <2 ‘on acigrat satura urate a dus ada a grpates OM ‘Sn porta 2c un aid pros nexaturat. 2 relaaclare se ctine opt ceofotatadndepitead rupees ot: ail nor poste feturt sau esatrat12/15/2014 Init + Capacate atl de asinteta Teste mate + Feat este organ de deportare 3186 * pst, TAG sunt incorporay,rmpreund cua Deva fenwule evtaepatce Ingesstutadipor + Sites TAGin fest ado ipgenez) reprints rmodatatea de ocae eco car, psa ac + pogener este dependents de pceniewinslineie Metabolism ealesterotutas + Colter este prinpab steroid in ongarismle animate Se seston tir, eat, gonad, poproteince plasiatice Organmulumanconie aprox 40g cobesterl din cae ste prevent plasms (principal 10) + alana cose aati apo 1.2 sunt saite iment (iets obnuts OG gcolsterl nu) lorinteracotesterols + Se name proce herpes ‘Stor porte ero at cok, rca titan dnc 2 Tansorme mersacih bpm bp ae atebolkmcoteteoi + Mace tac al colester osu poate degrada de “ansformareacolesterobisin acl bilatbste cles ea ai ‘porta eatabolnaresclsterl, ‘Stemul simatic implctin artes acl Wi gnat— + Wer de ete aio bla depde de acta hain colstert a Mdrerlard coe tases ea de ‘Sirares compute memes Tohironaieert Condi pln nce Se constant de onze Denarece fete ich kak ace compusie Sse ‘stor de ar Garr tre.12/15/2014 ‘curs12- 12 Metabolismul protideler, aminoaczilor si aciallor rudeiet Fondulcomondeaminoac + Metabolamulamioosclo (AA) cupid sei de react de ‘inter de degratareinene ances sunt uses recurso stea proteinase yates compu Soportant logon descompua nepal nr de energie mplicore oom tot + Tanvel ahr amiowdeisuntncoporiin proeine care + Pentru mentneten contents concent de pioteine, Inoreanm ent un fond comun de aminoae sma sunt contin plain tctabatn + Mento frm de depotare a AA Formarea uilzarea fondului metabolic de AA Digstaproteintor Toten ameniaresnthidrteate de enimele din Stomaitestn gel upiein secrets pancrestes soe + Dipepiaze Mapes pepadorelr Sgextwe sn libra mii sb 1+ Proenimeseu imoge| Digestaproteinclrinstomac + Wirtz protein inepen stomac tn med 26) 51 ontindinintertnasubiewedrnse) + Sub actunea aclu dori proteins deen nl mat scope ideas Pepsinogenulse actives in med pute acd tind pepsina cre apt atest acest ogo + Pepsinaacioneaale p12 + Pepsino sa asrsinaacionear la 3,30 ineste ‘wedomnantia co + Digests protcineo contin inintestin, Digest proteaetorinintstin ‘Htestiaaisdwabarse dl harmendpepidck COoCintad weston aterces ose! cevvoiertoa E “ + Deter iain preter nl prin scone elmo minoptiere pepe12/15/2014 ‘Absortiaaminosior + rampart aminoaco uconguati {pin membrana instal este meat de protein ensportoarespecce tronaocae de gre + Tnepitel intestinal chic stemede transport + upd absorb, A jung at prin sistema port + Rest A este dstibut, rin cca tesutur atabotimtaminoscaor + 18% dnenergaoransmutluman ste obtint pi egradaren completa 28 + a&inesces nu pot depoitabin onanism da pot transormatingiucrs [scope au averselpide metabotce + inh atu uneteetape comune ale dead A “nome gut span oars Deraminares AA ‘Acizi nucleici Codul genetic FEtapele biosintezei proteinelor ‘Actinic (AN) Sunt preduyde pocondensaesnadeotilor (penrasberasotatvacd oso) + Auroluldea pba esi wana Impress mucel isitem protein ete teat ante ornate gonetice + ela inte cle re pur de molecule ete canoe sb ramet de "Dogma centasa bolopeimoleclar” Tipu de ace mule12/15/2014 omponenstruturaiat AN Compoventee guide ate anior nucle + Sires anime el emesis penowe, bore ata Comey ste Dona (ARN) Oderoltbora (AON) DN Uy ~ Purine: adenna(a) si guanina() : a ~ Prine loin. ADN, ARN), nina (7 AON, “~~ rat (U), AR) ‘ze aotate prince formeletautomerelactm actin) Nucteridele din structure AN + ucleosdelese rears prin taives un! legac cone dros shone dee Cl al pete 6 ‘md de 201 dn poi 9 ue bus price ou din oa tune bar mice + RMONUCLEOZIOELE con cs porte. ebafuranoes : + Suntatr abonucleonide adenoxina(), gonorina (6) cna (Es iain) . > co + DezonpoNUcEDADELE cnn canner \ y + Sent ptr desoichonleorde: desoiadenosna (4A) > yeah nerds 9512/15/2014 Structure primardaaciilor nuclei ‘Stactra secundaria AN + est props de Watsons Crick! te umtoatele + Ineo bart pic de peo catend yo baal pic de pr cealh cient ence complementae) se mesa esto Se tdogen ‘compet hea SSTRUCTURA SECUNDARA DE DUBLU HELIX A ADN Struct tetada ADM + Sacre supebecilé sacar Sta compact penta compass psi structure formate se econ in jr ae! prop prin ‘ermele superelconsle + Topotomerarete aaa acente moi topologies moet de ADN ‘STRUCTURA SUPERHELICOIDALA ADN12/15/2014 Codul genetic + Gottentieepani cit sete seenace nce ‘Siena els arn Stanuceres Ai fconispeUAA UGA AG) + oda ta = coders AUG Met) pal codon + ada decane cA mH AA (Se Ae Etapele biosintezei proteinelor ‘sosnte proteinar gresupune waducees mes (ecgela neh iron consti dugaes sccesnS ‘Steams restamincoi a opal termina rastere ipotpeptiuts 1. Activatea aminoacizlor 2. interes lanfull polipeptidic 3, Elongarea ant! polipentidke 4. Terminareasintere proteineis eliberareasa 5, Prelusirposttraducere ale proteine! + Fessler hn tome aa Apt en pons Sot pecte fear AA(12 rang per ARN eres raimeich eal nce AAs adecat12/15/2014 5: ongarealanjluipoipeptisc + Cont in aupaea succes de AA pin peor Protein synthesis12/15/2014 si aah nrc12/15/2014 rcogenezsgutaminogener,fommares creatine, reatinostataisl creatinine ‘ubotismelcompusorustrsctur poetic ‘Gtatolamulhemoplbinel(cidulentrahepatca Piamenporbar ‘Anabolisn: BlosntezaaminoacatorSosntzacompusior ‘asteuctreportnc(osineaherogibin!) ott prion caine oat AA) (eesti xaos sin nrninors Gruso omtnperi pies Detoxiierea amoniaculul Amoniaculesteo subrant foarte dundtoareorgnismell al aes pentrucelulle nervoae + ese meas continu in nga, monic ete ment ‘concentra a ard (10 29/100 cee + Oiganamuldepune de mecanizme ebcente penta meneres ‘messmo nny mde anspor armors orgnismest taming Detoxifieres amoniaculut Lanivet renal, amoniacl format dia Gln impreun’ ‘ai cel format pe ate 3 dfureazh prin membrana zonel tubular s acceptdnd proton, formeazs Jonul de amoniu care aparein uring ‘Amoniacul produ colectat de Rat este de 8-9 oF ‘mal mutt decd cel rena. Acesta este transformat in ure (cicll ureogeneti)compus solubitin aps S19 efectdundtor,careva fi preluat de singe si liminat in urns. Celut ureogeneti sau dell Krebs-Henseleit Uneea ste ntti eat pro weve cle de "expicanorut sub ume ee ureogenete each otal ete I+ HCO, + ATP Asparat-> Ure + 28D? 20,4 AMP + eta presi 5 reacenimatc,primele dud se destsoar8 immtaconsi putas! arctica) In wiroconoRie 1. condenses tliat dn Gn sa as de singe portale tet) eaC0, (ub forms de MCD, Jean de ‘orb fof sinters mitoomials Resta eo Sever pnecests rbea «2 mb 2. anu! gupivicarbarnde pe carbamate Orn, (taint de corbortronferors (sou orntitonscoroamitee, OTC). Seformennd ctruna care ete wanes itoplasm32/15/2014 Iw cropLasMa 2 crise condensesnic acd asparicu bemarea idl arginn soci each este atlas de agin ‘Sucinesitetane nest hehe sels gh 4 Aeilerin-sucini este sina i arin In green engin sucinations Acid mati este intermedarncllKebe S. Seine bile a rps guiinic in Arg catalina ‘dearginan, duce a eberaes de uree i eacees Orn mere transportatiin ltcondte pent rluaren hl acu néenn coms UREOGENETIC ny hn PRS Meiers No nerech ceGh.o, Cte partcotaede losoterb ale nor ainoac + Glutaming ‘eocin toate este, nals in rie sma Clatsmatly tain btn pin tec ctaliat ltomatdehidrogenons respect gltominsneta ttamattet precrorl Po Arg + creating retina ‘retininaete pods ala metab A pecum Gh, Met, geste suntsu de ao peru sinters creatine Pindeatchatacecreatinese oie ereatinna ‘Prima etapa foricreatnear loin ink une se Tevet aid guandiaceisare pa evel ath se Wanted + Feet reper un mic reece ance mene, ‘Sogictonalptn marcia enreniostonete Soaked Ba crgn tte sth de eas12/15/2014 ‘Metabolismul hemoglobine! 5 Neem fom din ham stein toes : + Ghee protenacare nena yl rot hems + amen es comp fr 8 ss + Forti cit ert pan! ares cho stent ‘earn se -Grie arsine potopadin nu ce ¢ + Hamat deb etapa) tec Setanta ten bata an _— Tipuri de HEM Blosinter hem cesligoard in cee sstemulaentvokormator din mud, eat gspling + inp amd acm cesta ite + corp ere in cl oan Etapele biosinters 1. Sintera acidului -aminotevatinic 2, Formarea porfobilinogenuitt 3. Formarea protoporfrinel IX 4, Unirea protoporfirine DX cu Fe Sintec aminalevaliie + Areloc in mitocondt ude se produce sent CoA, terror Sec tree + Contin 2 tac catalan de Gaminlevlingtsatona Ghcacal Suecni.Coh fed camino Beetonipic eda amino Peato-adipic ‘eld -amloatevalinie ‘cid -aminalevini (ALA) wece dn mitocondre in tol Cine se site tuearsporfeblnogent Formarea porfobiinogenahé + fate an derat subti piolt + Sinteaa ss are loc inctosol + Condersres a? mole de aid -aminoleviiicstlaats + Baminlevlnet dehisrezo 2AckdS-aminlewunie Portobitnogen| | molecule de pofobinogenformesteidrsimetiionFormareaprotoporeielik + Inuimarencise pot bine Cropatrrnpalec terete oni : odobinogn ema eoprineyenoars shctcapcegemocece enemies i | Porobiinggen" Uroporinogent ea oe Uropertrnogent ‘copoportrnagen it co, —— Sys} i Protopetingc Protoportinogentx | rad er fe Unies prtoportine| ix cuFe* Sintera HEM - uli Complenvea Fede cive potoporina Beste rut ferochelatars . 1 rotporfina east 1 ‘cooing non de nl te in ber are gana princi atoms de - - oe arta prtin’ a i 2 gana exter, de regu ari de grup in proteins [ oe PROTOPORFIRINA12/15/2014 Formareahemoeobine! ‘ea i aren iboromiertrobaptar dn mia rope Este ormat din hem careeste agerat in-out hr obE {obit Tn hemedie normale seafsimal mule specs molecular de > Insingele ads fs HA alsiri de Ho AD enbion exstie Hb Carats noundsat Hb F Toate pele de Hb cpr anu palipptiie de ite? Teneo poe) ‘Actvitateade tronsport a0 ese realizaté dor detetromer Legitura hem: globing Stabitatea tetramers ce Hb se retaes3 pi gtr recovalnt, de ip hidobb, te lane tral le nnoac ce oemean puncte detest nee cele ¢ bani legturienecovalerte inte hem laureate minor globin, ce neon hem + Volumultor reprints 3/3 dn reat eritoct + pul de Host dat de titra proteins, + primar. secrets de amino, Struct gobin! rie acon 143 AA Srp aGrestun amioacace Secunder este heat sau ir endl cu pots Spiatate Terlré—xn 8 sepmente cial otate cutee AH dela cpstr terminals 7 segment bebcodcle Intermec bche notte cu dua Bere AB BAe Cuoternars ee dat de interacinen re pote! Stace prtometiente sunt reuse Unanf ‘Stesaodatde cae Panu fipn sone de contact rte ah, P= 2ap=20028 ‘Structura cuaternara a Hb12/15/2014 7 Hib transpor xigenlde a lima is rsctarydasdul de ‘bony protontdeta sutra plmsn ‘curbadecrigenarea > Onigeates ever ete dese rin reset He H00,€9 Hb(0,}2€> HDIO,) © NOLO |cartade gens a Ho est sigmoid rad ck Deas | tient orgen a plein unde presturenoxigeuueste mar, pi eberestt in fesuturunde presuneaougena Ste conformayionaleT 91h Fresnel ic gars et vets ‘WansportulCO, sefectulBohy sob scoot alates + fron 158 5NCO et wampotat lis pertains Select on Seimersar mrss neonate . + Telimin unde presen Oeste mar,leges Oy v0 cele stranadurts ences smece cians cee Deradares hemoglobine! + Parone unt produ fal de cata Iemoglbine' sunt eprezetaide Bian + irate este un compos Kool cu stuctc Hreats tetris objet rma deradirhenimade» hersh ir emcotge + inmates maja peste 80%), acines hemi prove di i, ecats hemoprotene (ncn, ‘hocor onde, eta) reprerenind suse de ‘mini portant + adn, He provne dn homatie senescent echt sidstse de macrotoge BILIRUBINA,12/15/2014 ‘inte brine + Seer rd erm homage emit + Sages hemcfoma bain mt 6 tmrtats tremor hemos ot perbna Ineana crt’ rat, incre vender bee inee decitces o trnizobisiel sore nenapebocne # Nomoqsore SINTEZA BILIRUBINEL CO, Fe 4M ys *\ CConjugarea blirubine| lexcreis in bik hetero insti nei anes liktenceligne teeretarsa ya ceouomiree Spemadscapne crcown crenata fepsccte + Ripon ry septa Pte eng fpojtenaigtcceaeeargecin ptr bnsinguontere Eehneer tc igatnestrptmare pero deere Bioeatineneetsar sents nse eclnhottivennoorasaiericoneree Catabotismut + icin iret, conjugating rnb in ints, unde a aclunes sn! Beto glcoronigone prods demir intestinal str reach de reducre nna cease ees writings + Osincme in urobinogetse eaters ie clon Shng pin rca portl a fet, Rd rps ‘reetatin bil prin mec act ner godependen + Oftmatmict parte dn wrobinogen son in vena, ‘Supahepati sap plore veaaseBemoraae chi inereiah stem find eliminaipe ale roars + Tnceamal mae parte ureiinagen sua einina prin ale, corecpstdedoareacarectershesn ura ompir tape icon seresbins, Tulburdet ale metabolismalsi pigmenior bi + letra apaceingeerll bebinemie de peste 2-2. ‘ard urare sche metab pier bar ‘re determind mpregnaesaestorain tegument, macone evr ume Cola icteric gibue ete mal ponanat tne seer, dato centr elastin, are ecaismetempleatein npr bine unt = bperpreducie = acer de captreconjupe Hensee a biubies12/15/2014 Tulburst ale metabolizmal piementilorbillae + kcterele hemolitice apar in cazul dstrugerit masive a hematillor, crestebilrubina de la 200- 250mg/2l la 2500m@/2i Icterele colestaice se produc in urma apartiel ‘unui obstacol in calea de evacuare a bill de la polul bila al hepatocitelor la sfincterul ul Odd {eterul hepatocelular apare in urma unui deficit de elirinare a bilrubinel conjugate simai putin 3 tunor insuficienfe de captare sau conjugare ale biliubine! Aromat genetic se metabolite + Infuse de tpl de hipabitebinemie povoctd e dines: + Sindromul iter sindromul ogee Maj sndromul ‘ras ce evlvasd cu hiperiieubinemie nconien + Siodromul Dubin sohnson snromul Rotor sndroml ocblbepaie care eves cu hijerbrusrerie12/15/2014 CURS 14 Corelatii intre metabolisme r \Gorlati metabace Ite lucie si potaine Cora matabele int patine pga. Corea metabolic inte ces Krab baze azote 3 hem (ham) Creat metabolic tn sHtecoriarea onstiva il Krebs, repro cells Coreiatii intre metaboiis zaharuritor. tiiaeior st ¥ Oxidare — CO2, H.0, uree + ATP ¥Formarea depozitelor — glicogen, TAG Uree on eH, : | e | | > o- eh, ‘Tiacylglycero! Glicogen Corelatii intre metaboiismeie zaharurilor, fieideler $i proteir + Intre mese sau in post te teat engi dn dept Gteogen ghost TAG ace gr + Formarea nor substrate energetics ‘Guceneogenaze (ghceal si prooiele muscular) CCetogenezs (TAG de exer eaten) Variable fuel input op "Storage fuels oe varigbie oF C02 +H20 + urea aw | sworn Ente SI conn facets rn | iercetcn | || C=12/15/2014 + Glicogeneza + Glicagenoliza + Gluconeogeneza > Giicoliza + Lipogeneza + Lipoliza + Sinteza acizlor —- p-oxidarea rest + Cotabolismul Cetageneza corpilor cetonici + Sinteza proteinelor - Proteoliza + Sinteza ureei + Degradarea AA CICLUL KREBS, LANUL RESPIRATOR ~~incipaiti intermediari acetil-Co A piruvatul | NADH Piruvatul (POH) - ede laghucoss ‘Aminoacizi (degra) ~de la proteine Acizii grasi()-oxidation) de la TAG Corpii cetonici(degrad) - de la aciziignasi CichlKebs, ll rater 0,0. a1 Sinem Pa Sires cnplor cto Siena chester sree ot gece GLICOLIZA AEROBA ‘oxidorea Jactatului 0) degradarea unor ominoacizi & ‘acetil-CoA (PDH) lactatul (lactate dehydrogenase) lanina (alonne aminotransferase) ‘oxaloacetatul Gyruvate carhomplase) glucoza (gheoneagenesis) GLICOLIZA AEROBA Reactile PH (pret dH Hstdtion Gill Krebs Ovidere etonl 3 NADH Lantulrespicator —Sreaxderea te NAD’ fenergia stocotd in ATP ‘SENUL ESTE NECESAR! GLICOLIZA AEROBA Reactile PDH (pirwat dH) -oxidation Ciel Krebs Oxiderea etonolutl & NADH Ht pyrwate > lactate & Lontul respirator —* reoxidarea la NAD ! OXYGENUL ESTE NECESAR!12/15/2014 Cele mai importante raspunsuri ie ‘intrebarit UNDE? CAND? cum? > compartimentalizarea diferitelor ci smetabolice > Ciclul hrénive - post > Reglarea proceselor Citoplasma + glicoliza + gluconeogene:a (trom oxoloace ate orghcerol) metabolism glicogenului + Giclul pentozelor teze acizlor gras sinteza uree' sinteza hemi ot) rnetabeliemul purinelor 4 pirimidinelor rucleotideler Mitocondria + Complexal piruvat dehidrogenaza (POH) + Tritierea gluconeogenezei Gielul Krebs Lantul respirator jes mniemnan mombran fosforilarea aeraba (nn sinteze hemulu aor Reticulul Endoplasmic ‘Smooth ER neted 5 vecili clorgarea si desaturarea acizlor ghost si fosfolipideler sintere steridelor biotransfermarea xenebioticelor + gluco20-6-fosfataza Rough ER rugos + Sinteza proteinelor (irenslation and posttrensltonal modifications) Aparatul Golgi Modificarea posttranscrienea proteinelor + Sortarea proteinelor + Emportul proteinelor (formarion of vesicues) Ribozomi + Sintez proteinelor Nucleul replicarea gi transcrierea DNA + sinteza RNA12/15/2014 Lizezomu + hidrotian proteinelor, asharurilor, lipidelor gi acizilor nucleici Peroxizomii + Reactil oxidative care implicdi O; + Utilizarea peroxidului de hidragen Degradares lenturilarjungi de FA (or We Ciclul post-inranirc + Relatia dintre diferite e&i metabolice in diferite conditii~ stadii de hrinire + Cooperorea intre diferite tesuturi seealso (We tebolie Interrelationships) rad 5 = 2 Sted de : 3) Stadiut ied 4) Stodiut 7 a | oe rane inane) = inant —-12/15/2014 cucsee fl i m Modificarea continutului de glicogen ir ficat ve parcursui unei i ec | Hranire optim Post Hednire oprimé. | Post adestulata finenitie) Indestular’ finenitie) ‘rating gconon, Finan J ghcooen, cdrenain, corto! cerenaina, cortisol 7 4 + gicenia Sheena ae * ocenia raspunsl | ,igteime, |e aime | isin, roomsmotus | *lpegenez hetogene 20 organmalun |g pesmi tp ze | nee proteositeze T On depot Din cimente (ehcogen " — gloconeogeneza hcl Formareadepositel | __“"eolza | Hranire optima Post Hrdnive optima, Post indestuiatd Granitie) Tndestulet’ Cinanitie) Sursade Sursa de Sete | pimalimeme TAS | Din depozite TAS Seed | oimatinente TAS | Din depose TAS sear | exidae 1 poxidation Soarte Droxdare 1 Beoxidotion oe Siteza TAG sailor gresi|—SintezaTAG sures ee Din proteinele amneaeisi | Dilimente ‘muscilare i i eae | Oxidorea | amineacizior | ,COT™S12/15/2014 Metabolismui amoniacuiu: importanta glutamine’ - + sinteza nucleotidelor (- nucleic acids) + detoxifienea Naminic (Nit transport) + sinteza citruline’ (used in uree cycle) Ingerarea de proteine din die td (fed stare)or radacea preteineiar erganismulul (manip) as 1 Concentratia glutaminei Ll + Enterocite: Gln -> :itrullina > sfinge -» rinichi + Rinichi: citrulina > Ave > singe -» ficat + Ficat: Arg + ureea + ornithina cornithina > eregte viteza ciclului UREOGENETIC = t detoxifierea NH, obtinut din degradarea proteinelor Principille generale ale mecanismelor de reglare a metabolismelo= Procesele catabolice /anabolice Ultima etapa al fiecdirui mecanism de reglare: ntraties une cnzime activi (= enzimi de reglare - contre! su cheie) Enzimele de reglare > Concentratie sekzuts din cee I. Reglarea fa nivelul organismului 1, Transmiterea sermalulutntre celule Gigna!ssbstances) 2. Transmiterea semalulu prin membrana celulelor 3. Influente activititi enzimatice: > Trducerea in expresia gener > Tnterconversio enzimelor existente (phosphoryloten /dephospherylarion) II. Reglarea la nivelul celule! 1. Compartimentalizarea cdilor metabolice 2. Modificarea concentratiei enzimelor (la nivelul sinte ei de noi enzim ) 3, Modificarea activititi enzimatice (e enzimé dejo existenti este activaRi sau inactivat’) 1. Compartimentalizarea céilor me tabolice Procesele de transport intre compartimente + Distributia diferitelor enzime Distributia diferitelor substrate gi produsi (transport) ‘Transportul coenzimelor + Procesele ulterioore sunt aproape unul de ltul1211512014 2. Sinteza noilor molecule enzimatic: + induction by substrate or repression by product (on the level of transcription) eanples: > xencboties induction of cyt P450 heme repression of delto-aninolewilate synthase 3 Modificarea activitatii enzime~ exisren 0) in legaturd cu cinetica enzimaticd > Concentrate betel (< Ke) > dispobitaten cenzmelor > consumarea proton de reactie > Modificarea pH > Specifictatea de sbstrat - Ky ciferite 3 Moaiticéri in activitatea enzimelor deja sxistente ) ectivares sau inacrivares enzimetor Modificarea covalentiia enzimelor > interconversie:fosferilare/defosforilare) > scindarea precursrior(proenzime,zimegeni) + Medularea activititiiprin modulator (igana!) > nhbitie feed back > Reglare neruigatt > Activare + fosforlare: + defosforilare rostorilare / defostorilare > protein kinaze » fosfatul macroergic ca donor de fostat '4T) > protein fosfataza protein fostotazs ®) nzinafosforilateste sri fe inact (enzine diferite aint Infante iter) + Modulare isostericd inhibitie competitivs + Modulare allosteric’! Modulatori ai activit@tii enzimatice (activatori, inhibitor’) > change of KF Vue > Teform (les active) or R-form (more active) Modulators importanti : ATP / ADP