SPI Standards&PracticesOfPlasticsMolders

‘and Their Customers 1998 edition feted Commercial and Administrative Practices aa eRe RU fomuectee ch te ieee} Cer ieee ees eee erStandards & Practices of Plastics Molders Guidelines for Molders and Their Customers Including: Commercial and Administrative Practices Molding Guidelines Glossary of Terms Reference Publications Molders Division ©Copyright 1965, 1967, 1978, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1998, ‘The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. 1801 K Street, N.W., Suite 600K Washington, DC 20006-1301Acknowledgment This Guidelines for Plastics Molders revision was commissioned and released by the Molders Division of The Society ofthe Plastics Industry Inc. and produced in cooperation with the Manufacturing Resource and Productivity Center of Ferris State University. We wish to acknowledge the following contribu- tions to this publication: Editors: Wustrarors: Compiled by: Eugene M. Whitmore, PE.,Assistant Professor Plastics Engineering Technology College of Technology Ferris State University and ‘The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. Standards & Practices Review Committee Karen Becker, Student and Frank Licht, Student Technical Illustration College of Technology Ferris State University Manufacturing Resource and Productivity Center Staff: Beckie DeYoung, Program Director Technology Transfer Charlene Seaman, Project AssistantStandards & Practices of Plastics Molders Contents Contents Commercial and Administrative Practices of Plastics Molders Introduction Contractual Obligations Quotations; Acceptance of Orders; Returns, Allowances, Cancellations, and Errors; Payment; ‘Taxes; Consigned or Customer-Designed Tooling Production and Handling of Tooling Selection of Types of Moids; Mold Maintenance, Repair andior Replacement; Molds on Consignment; Mold Drawings; Mold Usage; Mold Storage; Mold Removal; Amortization and Insurance Charges and Costs Periodic Review of Charges; Material, Labor and Burden Costs; ‘Quality Requirements; Quantity Requirements; Other Factors Inserts, Component Parts and Materials Supplied by Molder; Supplied by Customer; ‘The Material Specification Packing and Shipping Packing; Shipping Tolerances; Shipping Schedules; Damaged Shipments Limitations on Inspection Prints and Approved Samples: Tolerances; inspection; Statistical Quality Standards; Color; Gauges Claims for Defects Basic Duty; Limitations; Claims for Freight Patents Product Design and Development Objective: To Encourage Resource Recovery/Recycling Engineering and Technical Guidelines of Plastics Custom Molders Introduction General Information (Our Objective Is; Scope; Sources; CommentsStandards & Practices of Plastics Molders Contents Engineering and Technical Guidelines of Plastics Custom Molders (continued) Keys to Successful Design of Plastics Molded Parts Materials: Molding Guidelines Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Acrylic Alkyd (Thermoset) Alkyd/Polyester (TS) (Glass Filled) Cellulosic Diallyiphthatace (DAP) Epoxy (EP) High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Melamine-Urea (MF-UF) Melamine-Phenolic (MF-PF) Polyamide (Nylon)(PA) Polycarbonate (PC) Polyetherimide (PE!) Polyethylene-Terephthalate (PETE) Phenol-Formaldetyde (PF)(Phenclic}(Fiberfilled) Phenol-Formaldeltyde (PF)(Phenolic)(General Purpose) Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF)(Phenolic)(Glass Filled) Polyoxymethylene (Acetal)(POM) Polypropylene (PP) Polyphenylene Echer (PPE) Polyphenylene Oxide (PPO) Polystyrene (PS) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Vinyl) (Flexible) Polyvinyl Chtoride (PVC) (Viny! (Rigid) Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN) ‘Thermoplastic Polyester (TPPE) For materials not listed in this book, consult the manufacturer. Glossary of Terms Reference Publications ‘General Information; Materials; Quality Control and Testing; Praduct Design; Mold Des Processing; Fabrication, Assembly, Painting,and Decorating; Publishers and Organizations 15 16 18 20 2 4 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 2 4 46 48 30 52 54 56 58 60 62 66 68 1 95Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Commercial and Administrative Practices THE SOCIETY OF THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY, INC. Commercial & Administrative Practices of Plastics Molders Introduction This Molded Parts Buyers Guide has been prepared by the Molders Division of The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. It contains the important points that purchasers traditionally have considered in specifying and purchasing molded plastics parts. As in every major fabricating industry, various ‘commercial and administrative practices have devel- ‘oped over the years that play an important role in the conduct of day-to-day business. These arrange- ments, generally expressed in the proposal, acknowledgment and contract forms of the individual molding companies, have been viewed as constituting “customs of the trade.” This informa- tive manual is designed to identify and explain these customs The information in this manual has been prepared by the Molders Division of The Society of the Plastics Industry as a service to the industry. The trade customs outlined herein reflect the historic and customary practices prevailing in the plastics molding industry as of 1990, based on surveys of industry members. Contract forms and terms of individual molders will vary. This manual is offered in good faith and is believed to be accurate at the time of its preparation, but is offered WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. SPI and its members accept no responsibility for any loss or damage arising from its use. SPI does not endorse the proprietary products or processes of any manufacturer. Note: The trade customs outlined herein reflect the historic and customary practices prevailing in the plastics molding industry based on a 1990 survey of industry members. Contract forms of individual molders may vary in some details. Copyright ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. Revised 1991 1of Plastics Molders Contractual Obligations Each molder sells products and services on individual terms and conditions. Quotations Because of the molder's inability to predict changes in material costs or plant energy costs,a quotation generally has not been considered firm for more than 30 days (although, at times, molders have reserved the it to refuse acceptance of the quote even within the 30-day period). Some quotations state “subject to material price changes.” Normally, the quotation will include the building of molds and tools and the production of molded parts based on prints and specifications available at the time of estimating. Some quotations also state, “subject to final agreement on specifications.” Acceptance of Orders The quotation signed by an authorized representa- tive of the molder;and the purchase order from the customer.are sufficient to constitute the entire contract providing it includes final agreement on specifications. Where there is any conflict between the quotation and the purchase order, the terms ‘must be reconciled between the parties. Additions, deletions, modifications, suspensions or cancellations of a contract are not binding unless accepted by both parties, preferably in writing. Returns, Allowances, Cancellations, and Errors Molded parts usually are not returned for credit or replacement unless authorization to do so has been given by the molder in writing, and notification has been given of the intent to return within 10 days of receipt of the parts, Cancellations of any ordered tools or parts can be subject to cancellation charges to reimburse the molder for any expenses incurred Standards & Practices Commercial and Administrative Practices prior to the cancellation request. Clerical errors are subject to correction whether they favor the molder or the customer. Payment Payment terms usually are net and shipments FO.B. the plant in which the parts are molded. Molds and tools typically remain in the molder’s possession and terms include final payment of account before they are removed. Special terms usually will be nego- tiated for the introduction of new products or the building of molds, including advance and/or progress pay payments. When a molder builds a new mold for a customer itis usual practice for the mold to be paid for in full, which constitutes approval, prior to the shipment of production quantities produced from the tooling. Also, prior to initiating engineering changes, payment for the original amount should be paid. Taxes Due to the wide variety of taxing bodies and various regulations, it is not practical to expect the molder to include taxes in all transactions. tt generally has been understood that sales or use taxes, excise taxes on transportation, property taxes, and other direct taxes are the purchaser's responsibility, whether such taxes are federal, state or local. Where applicable in certain states ard the product is for resale, the customer has supplied the moider with the appropriate number of the customer's retail mer- chants certificates. Consigned or Customer-Designed Tooling ‘Where the molder uses customer-conssigned or customer-designed tooling, the molder should consider seeking an indemnification and hold harmless agreement from the customer for claims arising from product failure (other than for claims arising from the molder’s failure to meet the customer's specifications) Copyright OTe S 2 ity of the Plastics Industry, Ine. Revised 1998Production and Handling of Tooling Selections of Types of Molds Molded parts can be produced by more than one type of mold and by various types of mold design. It is important that mold requirements and expected performance be agreed upon prior to acceptance of the order. Unless the customer has requested otherwise, the molder has exercised the right to determine the type of mold and details of mold design. Size and type of molding press most suitable for producing acceptable parts traditionally have been determined by the molder to assure production in the most economical manner: ‘Mold Maintenance, Repair andlor Replacement Tooling purchased from a custom molder generally has been kept in a satisfactory condition and retained for the normal life of the mold.The normal life of the mold usualy is considered as terminated when the customer no longer accepts the parts produced from the mold because of defects caused by mold wear, that no longer can be reasonably maintained. At that time, quotations are submitted by the molder covering (1) the cost of reworking the tooling or of replacing part or all of the mold as needed, or (2) the additional cost of secondary operations. Upon receipt of notice from the molder of the inability of the mold to hold tolerance due to wear as described, if the customer does not authorize mold repair or replacement and still requires production of parts from the mold, then the customer generally has assumed responsibilty, in writing, for defective and/or reworked substandard product. Normal mold wear is a result of the quantity produced if production requirements significantly exceed the original esti- mates, which served as the basis for mold design and construction, It also should be noted that in the case of low volume production, frequent setup and Standards & Practices of Plastics Moiders Commercial and istrative Practices start-ups can contribute to abnormal tool wear. Molders typically have not been responsible for major mold repairs or replacement. Damage during transport is not the responsibility of the molder, but must be handled as a freight damage claim to the carrier. ‘Molds on Consignment When a mold has been furnished by the customer and the molder was not involved in criginal design or construction, the molder has not assumed responsibility of the design and construction aspects or mold performance and/or product specifications nfess specifically agreed upon, through tool capability studies and/or production experience. ‘Mold Drawings te is not the practice of custom molders to furnish mold of tooling prints unless specifically agreed to in advance Mold Usage ‘A mold purchased by a particular customer or furnished by the customer is not used to produce parts for anyone else without the written consent of the original purchaser or registered owner of the tooling. Mold Storage Molds usually are stored without charge to the customer as long as the mold is active. However, after a two-year period of no production, the mold is ordinarily considered inactive. At that time, it is customary to request in writing instruction about the disposition of the mold from the customer. If the customer wishes the molder to continue possession of the inactive mold, storage charges may be applicable. Copyright (©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1998 3Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders ‘Mold Removal “The molder has considerable engineering and devel- ‘opment investment in a customer's mold by the time it is in production. For this reason, it has been customary for the custom molder to retain tools, molds and equipment which the molder has built or contracted to build. If the molds are removed from the molder’s possession within one normal production year, it is normal for the molder to receive a removal fee to recover engineering costs. This should be comained in the molder’s terms and conditions of sale. Amortization and Insurance It is not customary to amortize molds,as the molder’s investment in machinery is extremely heavy. It is not a common practice for the molder to carry any ability, fire or other insurance on molds,as this has been the customer's responsibility. Charges and Costs Periodic Review of Charges It is customary to review the pricing structure of production periodically depending on cost. Such review has taken into account the factors entering into the structure. ‘Material, Labor and Burden Costs Icis generally accepted that changes in the cost of raw materials, energy and labor may justify adjustment of selling prices by the molder. Quality Requirements Generally, the custom molder will quote to the quality specified by the customer. Should the specification Commercial and Administrative Practices have different interpretations, or should they change, the malder reserves the right to negotiate a new price. When a mold, through normal wear, can no longer be economically maintained and produces unacceptable quality, or requires the molder to per- form additional secondary operations, it usually becomes the responsibilty of the customer to decide whether to pay the added costs for maintenance for these secondary operations, or to pay for the mold refurbishment or replacement, whichever is necessary to return the mold to quality capable production. Quantity Requirements Plastics part quotations ordinarily are made on the basis of continuous operations for the quantity specified for every delivery release, and shipped as produced. Change in scheduled deliveries or pro- ‘duction interruptions by the customer usually have resulted in higher praduction costs for the molder, Which may affect the original quotations. Other Factors ‘Changes in other factors that may result in increased costs are additional color change charges, out-of-bal- ance parts from a family mold, changes in removable mold inserts and additional mold set-up charges. Where these charges are included in the piece part price and are not invoiced separately, and where changes in the customer's requirements occur, price revisions may be required. Inserts, Component Parts and Materials Supplied by Molder ‘When the custom molder has purchased the inserts, ‘component parts, and/or material for the molded Copyright 4 Ly of the Plastics Industry, Ine. Revised 1998part, the molder generally has included thelr cost, handling and inspection charges in the selling price. The molder traditionally assumes the responsiblity for the quality of inserts, component parts, and material as specified by the customer. If it becomes necessary for the molder to purchase materials, inserts, packaging, etc., beyond the quantity required to Al! an order, both parties need to agree in writing on the responsibilty. Supplied by Customer ‘When the customer furnishes the inserts, component parts,and/or molding material for a molded part, the molder normally has added a handling charge to cover the cost of an incoming inspection. Unless otherwise agreed upon, this inspection has been limited to a determination that the molding material will mold properly and that component parts and/or inserts will alow for good assembly, and will not damage the mold. The molder has not accepted responsibility for the poor quality of the molded part when it is due to inferior inserts, component parts, or material. In addition, to cover in-plant spoilage and rejects, it has been the responsibility of the customer to furnish inserts, component parts, and/or material in an agreed upon quantity greater than the actual amount required to cover a specific ‘order. The design of the insert has been subject to the approval of the molder. The customer is responsible for all materials obsoleted by an engineering change. The Material Specification Often a custom molder is called upon to suggest a plastic material for a product application. Any material suggestion or use of a substitute material by the custom molder must be approved by the customer. Suitability and final approval of a suggested plastic Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders ‘Commercial and Administrative Practices material for its intended purpose is the respon: ity of the customer, who has a better understanding of the requirements of the component or product than the molder. Packing and Shipping Packing Most custom molders will endeavor to provide a pack that will assure safe transportation of mokied parts, and generally will describe the suggested type of packaging in their quotation. Should experience prove that a more expensive method of packing is required, a price revision is usually necessary. Shipping Tolerances Unless indicated to the contrary,a quotation normally stipulates that the custom molder will have the right, to ship up to 10 percent over or under the quantity ordered by the customer. If a lower shipping tolerance level is desired by the customer, the molder has rendered a quotation based upon revised requirements. tn today’s modern manufacturing environment utilizing JIT, LOWMAN, KAN BAN, etc., exact quantities are critical Shipping Schedules Normally, the molder will ship each order or each release of an order in one complete shipment, and ina manner to take advantage of the mast economical freight rates. Requests by the customer for ‘orders to be shipped partially and/or ina more costly manner have put the financial responsibilty for the added cost on the customer. Delaying a scheduled shipment for more than a reasonable length of time is subject to the approval of the molder. Copyright of the Plastics Industry, In. Revised 1998of Plastics Molders Damaged Shipments When molded parts are broken or damaged wi in transit from the molder’s to the customer's plant, it traditionally has been considered the responsi ity of the customer to file a claim with the carrier for the breakage or damage. Generally, additional quan tities of parts to cover breakage and damage are ordered and included with the next scheduled pro: duction run of the same part. Limitations on Inspection Prints and Approved Samples Molded plastic parts have not been considered to be rejectable because of variation from print dimensions, if they are made to and are unchanged from approved samples with respect to dimension, finish and analysis or have failed with regard to function, or fitness for use, when the purchaser has specified or approved, material, design, and process. if sample molded plastics parts have not been approved, and conflicting models and prints have been submitted, the basis of acceptance has generally been agreed upon in writing. Tolerances Accuracy is subject to the commercial variations generally prevailing in the industry. Where very close tolerances, or particular dimensional accuracy are specified, permissible variations usually are agreed to and documented before mold work or production is begun. Process capability studies can be prepared to verify production tolerance capability of the process. Standards & Practices Commercial and Administrative Practices Inspection Process control is a generally accepted practice, Variable gauges can be provided in the tool quotation or quoted separately. Statistical process contral coupled with in-process and final quality audits are common means for assuring quality on a continuing production basis. An agreement between the customer and the molder’s Quality/Engineering group verifying critical quality characteristics is recom mended. Where no agreement has been established, the molder generally advises the customer in writing of the quality standard described in Federal Specification 105. It must be emphasized that a joint agreement between the customer and the molder is necessary to assure production ready product delivery. Statistical Quality Standards Statistical process control is a tool of manufacturing. and generally is available from molders. Documentary data, gauge certification and other related procedures ‘can be provided. However, when general commercial quality standards without process control is ade- quate, a mutual agreement between the molder and the customer should be documented to cover potential product quality variables. Color The necessity for color match between several parts of an assembly has been basic in principle, but not always manageable in practice, particularly where these several parts are made from different maceri- als, molded in different machines, and even come from different suppliers. Raw plastic material can be pre- colored by the material supplier or color blended with a color concentrate system by the molder. Copyright 6 ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1991Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders ‘Wich a cuscomer-supplied color master, the molded parts should fall within the approved customer spec- ‘fications. Gauges Je ordinarily has been the responsibility of the customer to provide any special gauges that may be needed. Claims for Defects Basic Duty Custom molders have normally corrected, replaced, or issued credit for defective molded parts subject to specific limitations and conditions, Unmitations Claims for defective molded parts usually are not recognized unless made in writing within the time specified by the custom molder. Molded parts claimed to be defective generally are not returned for credit, correction or replacement unless authorized for return by the molder. However, authorized return of parts for inspection by the molder has not been construed by the molder as admission of a claim of defect. Claims for defective molded parts generally have not been recognized ifthe part has been assembled, machined, aleered or finished in any way after delivery to the customer. The molder’ liability is limited to the replacement of defective parts. The molder is not responsible for consequential damages. Claims for Freight ‘A molder generally ships product FOB the molding plant. Mode of praduct transportation usually is determined by the customer. In the case of a premium Commercial and Administrative Practices transportation requirement, the responsibility for the premium cost is borne by the customer unless such charges have been accepted by the molder. Returned goods are not shipped to the molder without written authorization. Patents Custom Molders traditionally have assumed no responsibility for the legality of the design of the customer’s product, the design of the molded part as a component of that product, or parts produced to the customer's design and specification. In the event a molded part infringes, or is claimed to infringe, any letters patent or copyright, the customer has assumed the responsibility involved. Normally most quotation forms include clauses which explicitly detail the indemnification provisions. Product Design and Development Custom molders who provide product design assistance or total product design services for the customer generally assign ownership of the design to the customer. Ownership of the design also trans- fers product responsibilities to the customer. Often design services by custom molders include tool development and production opportunity guarantees. Charges for design services are included in prototype and production tool costs. Objective: To Encourage Resource Recovery/Recycling Original equipment manufacturers and their thermoplastic molded component suppliers are ‘encouraged to consider the use of material abbreviations on their molded products. These abbreviations can be molded into a component sur- Copyright ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc, Revised 1998Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Commercial and Administrative Practices face that would not affect product appearance. Material designations will identify materials for post- product-life resource recovery and recycling. The Molders Division encourages this practice. The Society of the Plastics Industry. Inc. has developed a resin identification code to facilitate recycling. The code assigns a number to six different resins and includes a seventh number for “Other” This number is featured inside a triangle of chasing arrows, with the resin abbreviation printed underneath, as shown below. ae Copyright The Society ofthe Plastics Industry Ine. Revised 1998Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Engineering and Technical Guidelines THE SOCIETY OF THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY, INC. Engineering and Technical Guidelines of Plastics Custom Molders Introduction ‘The preparation of the data and information on the following pages has been accomplished through the Joint efforts of the Molders Division of The Society of the Plastics Industry membership body and the Manufacturing, Resource and Productivity Center personnel at Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michi- gan Ieis the objective of this publication to provide a con- cise and relative guide for design engineers, purchasing agents, molders and customers in their mutual prepa~ ration of plasties part projects. The use of this guide will assist in the effective communication of the needs of the particular specialty areas involved in a project, Copyright ©The Society of the Plast Revised 1991 industry, Inc 9of Plastics Molders General Information Our Objective Is: To provide accessible and comprehensive guidelines for design appiications and tolerance specifications on plastics materials currently man- ufactured. To be a guide in creating a part design consistent with good molding practices and comparable to plastics industry criteria, To be a guide in understanding parameters of plastics manufacturing, such as engineering services, quality, delivery, product design and cost necessary to maintain good molding practices. To be a guide in establishing a basis for quotation of costs for production and services that can be used for competitive comparisons. ‘We anticipate that design engineers, purchasing agents, custom molders, and customers will find this information to be a valued reference. Scope It is the intention of these guidelines to identify those plastics materials commonly used by plastics molders using injection, compression and transfer molding processes and quantify specifications and tolerances consistent with good plastics industry molding practices. Standards & Practices Engineering and Technical Guidelines Sources ‘The data compiled within these guidelines represents the results of a survey of plastics molders, plastics parts assemblers, and plastics materials suppliers to determine the values most consistent with good industry-wide molding practices. Comments The tolerance information contained within these guidelines is prepared as a reference for plastics molders and their customers and competitors. The ranges of acceptable specifications have been deter- ied using the simplest of parts for reference. Complicated and non-uniform designs must be considered individually. Special usage features and unusual parts also may require singular treatment. Good quality raw materials, proper equipment and accepted production techniques are essential attributes to good molding practices. General tolerances may be spelled out for the total design drawing, but critical dimensions require special tolerance notations. Communication among engineers, designers, molders,and customers is essential during all stages of a project Prior to finalizing contracts, meetings and conference telephone calls should be held frequently to ensure proper project progress. Copyright 10 ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. Revised 1991Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Engineering and Technical Guidelines Keys to Successful Design of Plastics Molded Parts Tureaps Inserts Mowep Flash ——, s _ The larger sizes and coarse classes of “threads” are more acceptable for molded “threads.” A minimum size of #6-32, class | or 2 and 60 percent (60%) “thread” depth should be considered. An acceptable design would require provisions for 1a chamfer or counter-bore (RECESS) of at least the depth of one “thread.” Inserts (METAL) are an acceptable means of providing'‘threads” ina plastic molded part and should be considered where fine pitch, small diameter and tight tolerances are required. Thread- ed metal inserts can be molded in place or inserted using a post-molding operation. Flashing into or on to the"insert” may occur where inserts are molded in the part. Secondary operations may be required to remove the flash. ‘When plastics parts are designed for post-molding insertion of“inserts” a lead in chamfer or counter-bore should be provided, it must be specified whether the “inserts” are to be placed when the parts are warm or cool. For cool parts, the use of screw machine “insert” assemblies that expand into cool parts to lock the “insert” into place is acceptable. The use of ultrasonic devices to press the “inserts” into place is also an acceptable option. Assembling the “insert” at the machine when the part is warm or hot should be considered to elim= inate the need for a secondary operation. Copyright ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. Revised 1991Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Engineering and Technical Guidelines Fists ano Faoit Sharp corners should be avoided where possible. Add maximum “radii” to strengthen the part, minimize strains, assist the flow of plastic in the mold, and strengthen mold members. Fitiote (F) and Radit Good design necessitates that “draft” or taper be provided on Draft plastics parts to facilitate production of acceptable molded parts and removal from the mold. Projections, holes, and cavities should be designed with “draft” A one degree “draft” angle is recommended for sections of one inch in length or less. Sections of greater than one inch in length should have a minimum 1/2 degree “draft” angle. Some materials or textured surfaces may require greater “draft.” The “coneentricity”! of a part should allow for the maximum tolerance. The geometry of the part should help indicate the tolerances to be applied. A minimum tolerance of 0.005 inches FIM? per one inch of part diameter is appropriate. This minimum may vary depending on the material. Note: 1. Concentricity. The condition in which two (2) or more features in any combination have a common axis. 2. FIM = Full Indicator Movement. Copyright ©The Society ofthe Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1998 12Out-oF-Rouno: Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Engineering and Technical Guidelines Parts that are round, such as shells, cups and rings, may distort and go “out-of-round.” Part geometry, materials, gating meth- ‘ods and processing conditions are contributing factors. Expect 0.007 inches per one inch of diameter as an average “out-of- round” condition. In most plastic molds, gates” are provided to allow material to flow into the mold cavities. Removal of the “gate” protrux sion or blemish from the final product may be required when “gates” are large or located in undesirable positions. Sec- ondary operations may become costly therefore consideration should be given to locating “gates” in more acceptable positions or using alternate “gate” designs. If removal of “gates” is required, the following allowance for protrusion or divot should be made before each type of removal operation: BREAKING (break gate) ~ 0.025 inches CLIPPING (clip gace) ~ 0.010 inches MACHINING (machine gate) ~ 0.005 inches Be alert for assembled parts “mismatch,” material dissimilar- ities, molding machine variations or different part sources are possible causes. Typically, a“tongue and groove” approach will hide most “mismatch” Good design practices allow for a .030 ‘to .050 “beauty gap” to hide “mismatch” potential. For many parts, designed-in “mismatch” can be used to resolve potential appearance problems. Good practices for assembled parts design require extensive communication between product designers, mold designers, and the molder involved. Copyright ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, lac. Revised 1998. B‘Wau. Sections FLATNESS AND WARPAGE Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Engineering and Technical Guidelines Heavy and non-uniform “sections” or “walls” may result in sinks and stress. For amorphous materials, the thickness of the ribs and adjointing “walls” should be approximately 70% of the main “wall” thickness to prevent sinks, weakened areas or blemishes. For crystalline materials, the thickness of the ribs and adjoin- ing “walls” should be approximately 50% of the main “wall” thickness. The designer of plastics parts should anticipate and allow for possible “warpage” in plastics parts.""Warpage,” distortion and shrinkage may vary depending on the material used, the geometry and size of the part, the mold design, and the processing conditions. Achieving successful part production requires ‘open communication among the praduct designers, the mold designers and the molders."Warpage” can be controlled by the use of cooling fixtures. However, good design and processing is the preferred method of achieving acceptable “warpage” control. Fixtures should not be used without due consideration for limitations and undesirable side-effects. Flatness” requirements should be specified and tooling designed to assure the meeting of specifications. As with “warpage,” care should be taken before using fixtures to achieve the desired “flatness.” Copyright 4 ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1998Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Engineering and Technical Guidelines Tue Society oF THE PLastics InpusTRY, Inc. Engineering and Technical Guidelines of Plastics Custom Molders Materials: Molding Guidelines These are typical values but users are strongly urged to test their own products to assure that proper performance characteristics are met. Special features may necessi- tate consulting other appropriate standards. Copyright ‘OThe Society of The Plastics Industry, IneStandards & Practices Acrylonitrile Butadiene of Plastics Molders Styrene (ABS) ‘esent common production tolerances etthe mast ecanomical evel, The Fine held but ata greater cost. Any addition of filers will compromise physical Dimensions Pius or Minus in Thousands of an Inch Uncen) fa fi fae ~ 5 10 5 Fa 2 =00 —— 1.000 2000 + Jepth ey (See note #3) 3.000 4 C= Height ISee nate) som 0 010 soons012000 (Conns [Foes toraachedtona inch add (inches) 0,003 0.002 D = Bottom Wal! (See note #3) 0.004 0.002 Ex sidewall iSeonate 4) con | con 0,000 to 0.125 0.002 8.001, 0126100250 oma | oon 02510500 com | cow 0801 Bower won| cote Aerenence Notes G=Hole Size 000 t0 0250 Co) wd 1. These tolerances do not include allowance for Dest a2st%0 0500 coo | oon | sdingchaactrates of mate! (See note 45) ‘D80140 1.000 0005 0003 2. Tolerances are based on 0.125 inch wall section. <= 8. Paringtine tbe taken no consideration, Cores Cor 4. Pat design shoud maintain wal ikness a8 Fibs, Flt (See note #6) one on nearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity = tum a000 oom Born is dimensons sometimes impossible to hee, Walsofno-unflor iekness shuld {See note #4) 3.001 to 6.000 0.030 0.020 be gradually blended from thick to thin. 6. care must be takan that the ratio the depth ot Thread Size coma i a ‘a cored hole to its diameter does not reach 2 (ciess) a fl i point that will esutin excessive pin damage 5 6. These values shold be increases whenever Concansty | (Swe erovirion) | _oand_| ones _| © Thesnvatues shouldbe increased whee rE molding wchiqus. Per Side (See note #5) 20° 1.0° 7, Customer-Molder understanding is necessary ‘Surface Finish (See note #7) ae Calor Saity (Seente Copyright Che Sociey of The Pasics Indus, Tne Revised 1991 16Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders ‘Note: The Commercial values shown below represent common production toler Material Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) 8 atthe most economical level. The Fine values represent closer tolerances that can be held but at a greater cost. Any addition of fiters will compromise physical properties and ater dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. conn Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands of an Millimeter . ae 5010015020050 300350 40048000 2% % 6 " aN, 1 1 0 ‘oto tenn. [rer forenchedtional ‘Bamaddinn) | cow | aso ‘D = Bottom Wall (See note #3) 0.105 0.050. a Sie Wa (See poe a) o0ss | tors ome 3000 aos | tus F=Hole Size 3.001 to 6.000 0.055, 0.025 6.001 to 12.000 0.080 0,050 1201 Bover a1 | toso Rerenence Notes G=Hole Size sane ot oy) 1. These tolerances do not include allowane for on e001 12000 105 | toso | aging charaterstes of material. cena : samgmsenr Tara] ems 7] 2 Teleracon are based 2175 nm wal action =, 4. Paring ne mustb taken int consideration comers : n . 4. Part design should maintain a wal hikes eens) Sam cee nearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity an maa ose | aaso | intivaimnsions sometimes mpossbleto tchiese. Wale ono-ufom etnes oes re) 7001 150009 | _a7e5 | 0505 | _beoratully ended om tick oti val 5. Care must be taken tha the ratio ofthe depth of Thread Size cena Z a a cored hole to its diameter does not reach a (Gass ay i 7 point that wi resutin excessive gin dame, = 6. These voles shoud be increased whenever Concentricity (Seenotea) (Fim) | 0230 | 0.120 compatible with desired design and good ec malin techniques, Per Side (See note #5) 20° 10° 7. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary ‘Surface Finish (See note #7) eee Calor Sait (Seen Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1991 WStandards & Practices of Plastics Molders Material Acrylic ‘Note: The Commercial values shawn belws represent common production tolerances atthe mast economical lava. The Fine values represent closortolerences that can be held but at 2 oreater cust. Any adition of filers will compromise physical properties and alter dimensional stabiliy. Please consult the manufacturer. Drawing Dimensions Pius or Minus in Thousands ofan Inch coe {Inches} 5 0 5 2» Ey tae r 1500 -—— A= Diameter 1.000 (See note #1) 2.000 Be Depth (See nero) wn C= Height 2 = Heigl (See note #3) a 5.000 6.000 ——— L s000%0 1200 [Comms | Finer | foreach addtional inch addtinches) | 0004 | one D=BoncemWall (See note #8) 0.005, 0.002 = Side Wall (See noter2) aoe | ome 0.00019 0.125, ‘00s | oom F=Hole Size 0.126 to 0.250 0.003 0.002 Diamerar (See note #1) 225100500 coo | omne 0501 & over oo | 00m ‘Rererence NOTES 00250 ‘goa G=Hole Size a 0.002 | 4, These tolerences do not include allowance for Depth 0251 0800 ‘aooe | oooz | ang characteristics of materia, (See note) jckness should be as uniform a posible liao cone Tages | 2 Walthickness shouldbe as uniform as possi 4. Paring line mustbe taken nto consideration. comes 4, Part design should maintain @ wall thickness aS Fibs, Filets (Seq note #6) an one nearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity anne err) ‘ao | con | inthis dmersion‘s sometimes impossible to achieve. Walls of nonuniform thickness should (See note #4) 3,001 to 6.000 0.023 0.015 be gradually blended from thick to thin. eal i ‘are st be taken tha the ratio ofthe depth of Thread Size lu 2 a cored hole to its diametes does not reach a (Gass) exemal 1 2 pain thet wil result in excessive pin damage ; 6. Large reds is desirable. minimize part Concenvicty | (Seonoteai(Fim) | avo | anos | © aged Draft Alowance| | | 7. customer-Molder understanding is necessary Par Side (52s note) is | 07 |” prortotetng anal {see note a) 8. Part surface firish is dopendenton mod fish. ay meer 4, Based on nominal 0.125inch wal Se ES Copyright, 18 OThe Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1991Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Acrylic ‘Nate: The Commercial values shown below represent common production tolerances atthe mast economical jevel The Ane values represent closer tolerances that can be held but at a areater cost. Any adltion of fiters wil compromise physical properties and aiter dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. Drang Dimansions Pius or Minusin Thousands of a Milineter C0 ty) 50 100150200280 3003504005050 J jameter | 6 {See note #1) 0 3, 7 al Ne 8 % é a 10 7 1% j 150 180t0 300 Comms | Fines foreach adstona 25mm ad vn 10s | 0980 (See note #9) oro | 080 (See note #2) eros | 0080 [2000.03.00 oe | 0025 $4001 to 6.000 neo | 0080 Diameter (See note 4) 6.001 to 12.000 0105 | 0080 12001 & over ono | amis } Rerenence Nores G=Hole Size ne ud “ 1, These tolerances do not include allowance for Depth 6.0 to 2000 | a105 | 0050 | ing characteristics of material (Seema #5) all tickness shouldbe as uniform as possi acane ass] aang | 2 Wallthickness shouldbe as uniform as possible - 4 Parting ine must be takin into consideration Somers, 4 Par design should maintain a wall thickness as ibs, ilets e : Fibs, Fillets (See note #8) os a nearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity cca oowb700 | asm | cam ‘his dimension is somtimes impossible to achieve. Wals of non-uniform thickness should (Seenote #4) 7.001 to 160.000 0505 | 0390 | be gradually blended fram thick thin nana a 5. Care mus be token tha the rato of the depth of Thread Size aes , 28 cored hole to its diameter does nat each @ (Ciass) Exemal 1 2 point that wil resutin excessive pin damage. Sa Sarr 6. Large radius is desirable to minimize part Concentricity (See note #4) (FM) 0255 | 0150 beentage Draft Alowence 7. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary Per Side (See note #5) rs} 078 |” prartoootng Surface Fish (See note 8) 8 Pat surface finish is dependent on mold irish oan anerl 8, Based on nominal 3.175 mm wall Copyright (OThe Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1991 19Mater Alkyd (Thermoset) Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders ‘Nats The Commercil values shown below represent common production tolerances athe most economical level The ne values represent closer tolerances that can be held but ata greater cost. Any addition of files will compromise physical properties and ater dimensional stbilty. Please eorut the manufacturer. Drawing Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousants ven Inch e (Inches) 5 10 fl 6 fe 5 20 2 —— 0500 ‘Az Diameter 1.000 (See note #1) 2000 B=Depth \ (See nate #3) 3.000 S, C= Helght \e- {See note 3) ba f 1 ‘ 000 8000t0 1200 [Conms | Fines foreach adtiiona inch add finches) | 0002 | ant D=Batton Wall (See note) ao | 0001 E= Side Wat {See not #4) ago | 0001 1.00010 0128 coz | tet Fetole Sze 0.126 to 0.250 0.002 0.002 Diameter (See note) 075709500 coz | oon 0501 & oer oe | 0008 esenence Nores G=Hole Size eel = = 1, These tolerances do not include allowance for Depth 0.251 to 0500 0.002 0.002 aging characteristics of material. (See note #5) ‘0501 to 1.000 ‘0002 ‘0002 ‘2 Tolerances are based on 0.125 inch wall section. ji 3, Paring line nustbe taken no consideration. =tomers, ra = 4, Par design should maintain a wallthicknoss as Fibs, iets camer om Gu nearly constart as possible. Complete uniformity Famess ‘200610 3000 ‘cai | ows | _ inthis dmensionis sometimes impossible to achieve, Wie aon-unfom hckness should (See note #4) 3.001 to 6.000 0.010 0.005 be gradually blended from thick to thin. 1 inter 1 2 5, Care must be takon thatthe ratio ofthe depth at a cored hole tots diameter does not reach 8 (Chess) eal 7 2 ‘ont that wil resulin excessive in damage. 6, These values shouldbe increased whenever Concentricity | _(Seanoteeslieio) | 0005 | 0005 | compatbe with desired design and good as molding techniques Por side (See note 8) tor] 08 | 7.customer-Molder understanding is necessary reeaney prior to tooling Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics InGustey, Ine Revised 1991Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders "Note: The Commercial values shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical level. The Fine values represent closer tolerances that can beheld but at a greater cost. Any addition o filers will compromise physical Material Alkyd (Thermoset) properties and ater dimensional stebity, Please coneuthe manufacturer. Drawing Dimensions Plus or Minusin Thousands of an Milimeter = C so 100 18070250300 s60—400 8800 % \ F 7 MN 100 |_\e % 180 160%0300 Comms | Fine = foreach addtional ‘2mm add (mm) 0.055, 0.025 D= Bottom Wall (See nate #3) css [002s E=Side Wall (S00 note #4) oss | ones 200070 3000 oss | 002s ‘3001 to 6000 05s | 0080 c {6001 to 12.000 css | 0080 12001 & over aos | 007s Rerenence Notes G=Hole: a CJ = 1, These tolerances do nat include allowance for Beat 8.001 to 12.000 ‘1058 | 0050 | aging characteristics of material ee note #5) in mm wall sect eT ass] nase | Tolerances are based on 3.175 mm wal section. Aza 3 Parting ine mustbe taken into consideration. = Comers, 9s, Fillets | +4, Part design should maintain a wall thickness as es eames meus OND nearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity Rtness 1.00010 7800 | 0285 | 0120 | _ inthis dimansion is somatines impossible t achieve. Walls of non-uniform thickness should (See note #4) 75.001 to 150.000 025 | 0120 | be gradually Blended from thick to thin = 5. Care must be taken thatthe rato of the depth of Three \nternal u 2 ‘a cored hole to its diameter does not reach a (class) Exeral 7 2 point that will rsultn excessive pin dt a increased whenever Concentricity ye note #4) (FLL 0.130 0.120 ired design and good Draft Allowance Per Side (See note 45) to |_ 05 | 7.customer-Molder understanding is necessary Surface Finish (See note #7) oe Color Staity ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1991 Copyright aStandards & Practices of Plastics Molders Alkyd/Polyester - TS (Glass filled) ‘Note: The Commercialvalues shown below represent common production tolerancas atthe most economical level The Fire values represent closer tolerances that can be held but at a greater cost. Any addition of iass will compromise physical properties and ater dimensional stability, Please consult the manufacturer Dro Des Pus Wns Thsanseon ch Code (Inches) 5 10 6 n B a = | ti ' o 201 + a0 3 atin zi (See note #3) a 7 so sora 11 sonizo0 [Gam] as tree asien weasel [oon | aan oceania | teerawre) | eon | ona ‘Sernwees) [oo | oom [euro [eam [on Fs Hole Size 0.126 to 0.250 0.001 0.001 it casiwoam | eo | om 0.501 & over 0.002 ont | Rererence Notes G=Hole Size oo emi ou 1. These tolerances can vary greatly, depending on bo casos [oon] amr)" awoushtdng ed gts {See note #5) folerances ‘ont ‘inch we Sm a rncen a etd oz nh al secton = 4 Prine ms tn ints costeatn Fibs, Filets {See note #6) ad ei nearly constant as possible. Complete unifor Tones onto s0 ray cn Thne'Welea nao metets ous ee yubuiocbncn ete al 7 | s coematte entre rata ote det Thread Size i ‘acored hole to its diameter does not reach a teat a pa) Saini esas 6 Tovar orened tee Concentricity (Sea note #4) (FM) ‘compatible with desired design end good Det aes seg ca merit ssonators | vo _| 05 | 1 cononeraeredertantg reese ‘Surface Finish (See note #7) ee Car sebtiy | reno oo (©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1993 Copyright 2propertias and alter dimensional stability. Pi Standards & Practices of Piastics Molders ‘Note: The Commercial values shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most eronamical level. The Fine values reprasent closer tolerances that canbe held but at a greater cost, Any addition of fillers will compromise physical se consult the manufacturer. Material Alkyd/Polyester - TS (Glass filled) Drawing Dimensions ius or Minus in Thousands of an Mi a oy 50100150700 2503003504050 00 YL] % 0 \ 8 I 3 eight _| a! Goensera) | i 15 { 10 150t0 900 Comme | Fine foreach additonal 2 mm ad (rm) ams | 0026 atom Wall (See note #8) oe | 0080 ide Wall (See note #4 ams | 002s ‘.g00t6 3.000 aos | ants ole Sie 230049 6000 a0 | 0026 Diameter | c 6.01 to 12.000 os | on26 | ra001& over 050 | 0026 Rererence Notes 0.02 ole Size 2.80010 6.00 a 0.025 _| 4, These tolerances can vary greatly, depending on Depth e000 12000 702s | cas | method of molding and gate locaton. (See note #5) larances are based on 0.125 nch wal section. saute mano ames oe bas8d on 0.125inch wal sect 2 Parting line must be taken nt consideration. eee Ee a 4. Part design should maintain a wall shickress a ail. (See note #8) om nearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity Flatness | o.oo to 75.000 in his dimension is sometimes impossible to achieve. Wall of non-niorm thickness should (See note et) 75.01 to 150000 be oradualy bended from thick to thin aaa i 5. Care must be taken thatthe ratio ofthe depth of ‘Thread Size suena a ‘a cored hole to its diameter does not reach a Gass) rama i 7 point that wil resutin excessive pin damage. 6. These values shoud be increased whenever Concentricity (See note #4) (F:LM) compatible with desired design and good renames maldng techniques Per Side (See note #5) 10° os° 7. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary rior to tool ‘Surface Finish (See note #7) ae Color Stability (See note #7 Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1993 23Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders ‘Note:The Commercial values shown below re properties and ater dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. Materi: Cellulosics | nt common production tolerances atthe most economical level. The Fine values represent closer tolerances that can be held but at a greater cost Any addition of filers will compromise physical | Drawing Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands of an Inch Code (inches) 5 10 5 2 5 000 | 500 —— ‘Az Diameter 1.000 (See note #1) 2000 B=Depth (See nate #3) oo 3 toteigt (See note #3) hee) \ 000 \ 6.000 {000 to 12.000 Comm.s | Fines foreach adiional inch ad finches) ooo | oo D = Bottom Wail (See note #3) coor | 002 Wal (See note 4) ooo | 000 4000 to 0.125 con | ooo foe Size 4126 100.250 003 | oo Diameter note #1) 0251 t0 0500 oo | a2 0501 & over 005 | 000s Rererence Notes 0100100750 O04 | 0002 | these tolerances do noinclude allowance for 0251100500 005 | aoc | aging characteristics of materia asso 100 a08 | aos | 2 Tolerances are based on 0.125 inch wall section. 5 4 Parting lin must be taken into consideration. H= Comers, nee aC caso | aois | 4 Partdesign should maintain a wall thickness as = Gena s) 3 © |" noarly constant as passibie. Complete uniformity Fitness ‘700010 3.000 2025 | ao1s | _ inthis dimension is sometimes impossible to achieve. Walls of non-uniform thickness should (S00 note 4) ‘1.001 to 6.000 oso | 0030 | be gradually blended from tick to thi. ma re r26 | & Care must be taken thatthe rato ofthe depth of ee trternel tertB | 20778 a cored hole to its diameter does not reach a (Class) ona Torta | 2or2A | pointthat wil esutin excessive pin damage. 6 These values should be increased whenever Concentricty (Seenotea(Fia.) | 0011 | 0007 _| compatible wth desired design and good Draft Allowance ‘molding techniques Por Side (S00 nate 5) we a5 | 7. customer-Molder understandings necessary riot tool ‘Surface Finish (See note #7) eee Color Stability Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1991 mu‘Note:The Commerciatvalues shown below Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders nsional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. sent common production tolerances atthe mast economical level. values represent closer tolerances that can be held but ata greater cost. Any addition of filers will compromise physi Material Cellulosics aoe 50 100150200 250 300 350 40050800 : : 7 St ae te : 150t0 200 (COomm.+ J Fine = = Side Wall (See note #4) 0.105 0.050 car ec Nan Pesta 3.01 0.080 050 Cc Rerenence Notes G=Hole Size eaenein J a 1. These tolerances do net include allowance for (See note #5) Taante 2500 0.155 0075 2. Tolerances based on 3.175 mm wall section, ze -- '3. Parting line must be taken into consideration. Ribs, Fillets (See note #6) 0.785 0.380 ‘4 Part design should ma (See note #4) 75.001 to 150.000 1.270 0.760 ‘be gradually blended from thick to thi ‘Thread Size ‘eternal Honey 20r28 a cored hole to its diameter does not reach Concentiity oe ee LIA SOE ETE compatible with desired design and good Per Side (See note #5) 10° os" 7, Custemer-Molder understanding is necessary ‘Surface Finish (See note #7) ne) Copyright ©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1991 25‘ote: The Commercin/values shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical le Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Material Diallylphthalate (DAP) values represent closer tolerances that can be held but ata greater cost. Any adcition of filers will compromise physical froperties and alter dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. Drawing Dimensions us or Minus in Thousands ofan Inch Code thehes) 5 0 6 2» 25 000 os —— A= Diameter tom Li (See note) 2.000 e B= Depth \ 5 (See note) om 2 cet \\e (Senate #3) an F = i 6.00 oot 1200 [Comms | fines for each addtional inch adainches) | oon | ane = Boom Wal (See note) coos | aoe Ea Sie Wall {See note) cows | aoe 2.00010 0725, com | 0001 Fe Hole Size 01126100280, cow | 00m Diameter (See nate) 0251100500 coo | oon 0801 & over ‘aos | aoe Rererence Notes Ge Hle Size een core _| 0001 __| these tolerances do notinclude allows Depth 0751 10 0500 cons | cond | aging characteris of mato {see note #5) an com} pang) 2 Tolerances are Dased on 0125 inch wall seton, 4 Paring line ust be taken int consideration, = Comers, oa ote. 4. Par design shoua maintain a wall thickness as ib, lets Leona A ga |_0081__| peaty constant a8 possibe.Complate uniformity mee poo toanee coi | 0005 | ints dimension x somtimes impossible achieve, Walls of on unform thickness should (Seenate a) 2.011 6900 core | 0008 | be gradualy blended trom thick to hin : 5. Care mast be takon sate ratio the dapth of Tread Sie Ieernal : 2 a cored role tots ameter doesnot reach @ (class) = ; 2 fein that wl result in excessive pn damage ; 6 These values shouldbe increased whenever Conconicty | —(Sennoteaa)Fum) | aos | 0mm | & Thesevalesshouldbeinceased wane Dra Alowance malding techigues PerSice {See note) tor | 05" | x. customor-Molder understanding is necessary Surface Fish (See note) Seaman oor Stabity (See note Copyright ‘OTe Society of The Plastics Industry, Ino Revised 1991 6Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Material Diallylphthalate (DAP) ‘Note: The Commercial values shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical level. The Fine ant closer tolerences that can be held but ata greater cost. Any adltion of filers will compromis properties and alter dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. physical Drawing Dimensions Pius or Mins in Thousants cf an Milimeter oe al so 100 200250 3003504005000 A= Diameter s \ (See note #1) \ » pth \ (Seencte 3) 7 3 | cnt \s \ (See note #3) bad ‘i e 1% 10 1600300 Conn. | Fine foreach aditonal 2mm add (mm) 0.085, 0.025 D = Bottom Wall (See note #3) 0.130 0.075 E=Side Wat (See note #4) 080 | 0080 4.000 o 3.000 oss | ome F= Hole Size 3.001 to 6.000 0.085, 0.025 Diameter (Seenote 1) 6.01 t 12000 oss | 0025 12001 & over aoe | 0080 Rerenence Nores a G=Hole Size ro BN = uJ 1, These tolerances do not include allowance for Depth 6.01 to 12000 ‘ore | oso) aging charatawisties of materia, (Seemote #5) ‘mooie om aime] ome] 2 Teerances are based on 3178: wll section, 3. Parting ine must be teken ito consideration Econ, 4, Part design should maintain a wall thickness as Ri, Fults {See note #6) ud ame nearly constant as possible, Complete uniformity Ratess Dono TOO 0255 | 0120 | inthis dimensions sometimes impossible to achieve. Walls of non-uniform tickress should (See note) 7.00 150000 0305 | 0200 | be grauaty bended from thick o thin. - i 5. Care must be taken thatthe ratio ofthe depth of ‘Thread Size Inara Z 7 ‘a cored hole to its diameter does not ha (Glass) External 1 2 Point that will result in excessive pin damage. 5 6. These values shoud be increased whenever Concentity (Seenote aii) | ara _|_aors | ® Tesevalus shuld e increased where Ss maldng techniques Per Side (See note #5) 10° 05° 7, Customer-Moiter understanding is necessary rior oon Surface Finish (See note #7) ee Color Stability (Seenote #7) Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1991 27Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders (EP) ‘Note: The Commercial values shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical evel. The Fine values represent closer tolerances that can be held but ata greater cost. Any addition of filers will compromise physical properties and al dimensional stably. Please consult the manufacturer. Drawing Dimensions ls or Minus in Thousands ofan inch Code Unehes) 5 0 15 2» % 0000 ox ——| | : 1000 2.00 on \a\ soon ‘ 000 \ : 6000 onto 2000 [Comma | Fes foreach atonal inch addtinches) | 0002} ooo D= Bottom Wall (Seo note 43) 002 | coo Es Side Wal (Seo note) oe | _ocor 00 100125 ao | a0 ole See 01600280 cone | _o00e Diameter (Seenotef) 0251 w 0500 ooo | oon 0501 over cos | cs Rererence Notes G=Hole sue eo 0002 _| 002 | 1 these tolerances do not include allowenc for Depth 0251190500 coo | coca | dina charecteristcs of mater (Seo note) {0501 to 1000 oz | _aac2 H= Comers, Abs Fitts (See note 8) east_| oom Fates ‘000% 3000 coi | cow | inthis dimension fs sometines impossible to achiova. Wale of nonuniform hckness should (Seo note a 00119 6000 0015 | aor | becraduly blended rom hick oihin 5. Care mustbe taken hat the ratio the depth of Thread Size Inerat u du ‘cored fe tots diameter doesnot reach 2 (Class) Esoral 1 2 Doin hat wl result in excessive 6. These values shouldbe inereased whenever Concenticty | (Seenotera)(rim.) | 005 | omns | * Competnle with desires design end good Draft Alowance molding techniques. Par Side (See note 45) 10 | 05+ | 7. customerMolder understanding is necessary tok Surface Finish (Seenote #7) eee Cor Staity (See note) Copyright ‘©The Society of The Pasties Industry, Ine Revised 1991 28"Not ‘values represent closer tol Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders "The Commercialvalues shown below represent common production tolerances atthe mast economical vel. The Fine ces that can be held but ata greater cost. Any addition of files will compromise physical properties and alter dimensional stabilty. Please consult the manufacturer. Drawing Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands of an Millimeter. Gad ca soto 180200250 0038040808 2s 0 t ® a ws rr) 1% 150 1 18010900 conms [fies foreach adtona mm ede mm) | 0055 | ons D=BoromWal_ | __(Seenote oom | _a0es E= Side Wall (See note #4) 0.055 0.025 0.00 6 3000 ass | 000s Fale Sie 3001108000 ones | _a0s0 (See note #1) 6.001 to 12.000 0.055, 0.050 Tea01 &over ow | nore Rerenence Notes G=Hole Size soem ene G3 oe 1, These tolerances do not include allowance for Deptt 8.001 to 12.000 0.086 0.080 ‘aging characteristics of material (See note a 24093178 mm wal section, Taoottezsano Taaee | hago) Tolerances are bases on 3.178 mm wal section = 2. Paring ne mustbe taken int cnsiceraton, Comers, 4. Pat design shoud maintain a wal thickness as pie eee pone Le ae nearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity = aot0m 78400 cae | ozo) _Intisdimenion is ometins impossible to achive. Wall of nonuriform tienes should (see nore 7s0orte 190000 | 0380 | Oza | be gradually blended rm thick othin om 5. Care mst be taken that the cto ofthe depth of ‘Thread Size \ntornat iu 2 ‘a cored hole to its diameter does not reach a (Gas) a i 3 poi tht wil resin excestive pin ama ; 6. These values should be increased vi Concentricity (Seonoter)(Fim) | 0130 | 0.120 compatible wih desied design and good Drak Alowance molangtecnigus. Per Side (See note #5) 10° Os" 7. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary ‘Surface Finish (See note #7) ae Color St #7) eh Copyright ty of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1991 29Material High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders ‘Note: The Commercial values shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical level. The Fine Values represent close tolerances that can be held but at a greater cost. Any aditon of filers will compromise physical Properties and ater dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. Deora Dimensions Plus or Minusin Thousands ofan Inch de (inehes} 5 » 8 0 2 4.000 0500 —— 1.00 (Sea note rt) i 2.000 4 Qerth Ro, (See note (See note) ea ! C=tHeght 3 ‘See nate #9) hed san 6.000 60001012000 [Comms | Fines foreach addtional inch adtaches) | 0006 | oon D = Botom Wall (See note) anos | 0008 ide Wall (See not 8) cms | 0008 ‘00010 0125 eas | _acez FHole Size 0.12610 0280, aor | aca ‘Diameter a (See note 025100800 aos | a0oe 0501 & over 0008 | 0006 Rererence Notes 0250 ons , G=Hole Size = : = 1. These tolerances do not include allowance for Depth 0251100500 007 | coos | ating charactersice of materia, (See noce #5) ‘0501 to 1.000 0.008 0006 2. Tolerances are based on 0.125 inch wali section, 4, Paring tne mustbe taken nto consideration. ores, on - a 4. Par design shoud maintain a wall thickness as — canna ED nearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity Ratness ‘2000103000 2003 | o01s | this dimensions sometimes impossible to achieve, Walls of non-uniform thickness should (See note #4) 001 0 6.000 oer | a0z2 | be aradually bended trom'hck to thin = ‘i 5. Care mustbe taken thatthe ratio ofthe depth ot Thread Size desi 2 a cored hole to its diameter does not reach a (Class) Exemal 1 2 Point that wil result in excessive pin damage, 6. These values should be increased whenever Concentcty (Seenote aim) | _aoer [ania _| ® Tesevales sould beincressed whene caoeeee rlding techiques Per Side (See note #5) 20° 075° 7. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary. ‘Surface Finish {See note #7) oe Color Stability. (See note #7) pL ee Copyright The Society of The Plastics Industy, Ine Revised 1991 30."Nate: The Conmercial values shawn below represent common production toleran: Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) atthe mast economical level The Fine values represent closer tolerances that ean be held but at a greater cost Any addition offilers will compromise physical properties and ater dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. Drawing Plus or Minus in Thousands ofan Milimeter Code iy S100 150-200 2503003504050 ‘A=Diameter B note #1) 0 B= Depth (Seenote #3) oe i C= Height y (See note #3) uJ 1% 150 15010 300 Comms | Fines for ach additional 2% mm add (mm) ass | os D=Botom Wall (S00 note 2) ans | 0100 E- Side Wall (See nate +) ass | 0100 0000 3.000 oe | 0050 fee 3.001 to 6.000 0.100 0.050 (See note #1) {6001 to 12.000 oss | 0.00 12001 &over ozs | ates Rerenence Notes 20000 1% G=Hole Sie a 7 2078 _| 1, these tolerances do not include allowance for Desth 001 to 12.00 0160 | 0100 | ina characteristics of materia (Seenote #5) olerances are based on all section sei azo | ange |B Tolerances are besed on 3.175 im wal sect 4. Parting line must be taken into consideration He omer, _ ass | 0250 | & Partdesign should mainin a wal hicness as nearly constant as possible, Complete uniformity Ramess ‘2000 0 78.000 056 | 0380 | inthis mansions sometines impossible to achieve, Walls of non-uniform thickness should (See note #4) 78001 0 150.00 ast | ass | be gradvally blended from thick o thi, = 5. Care must be taken thatthe ratio ofthe depth of Thread Size een z 2 2 cored hole tots diameter does not each a (Class) External 1 2 point thet wil esutin excessive pin damage. a 6. These vaues shouldbe increased whenever Concenticty Se maseny 0680 | _0250_} "compatible with desired design and yood Deena molding techniques. Per Side (Seenote #8) 20° | 075" _| 2, customer-Molder understanding is necessary orto tooling. Surface Finish (Seenote , ° Cote Stability (Seenote #7) Copyright (©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1991 31Material Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) | tthe most economical level. The Fina ills will compromise physical | Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Tote; The Commercalvaies shown below represent common production tolerances cost. Any addition consult the manufactur properties and alter dimensional stability. Pl Brave Dimensions ar Minus n Thousands of an inch e (inches) ia fa 2 | ‘0.000 5 B | ea 1 ‘As Diameter 1.00 i (See note #1) 0 5.00 i — so bento 1200 [Comms | Fes foreach adi inch add (nches) | 0006 | _oaos = Bottom Wal (See note) 0s | 000 E= Side Wall (Seonote 4) 00s | a0 000.0125 ove | a0 F Hole Se 0132610 0250 0s | 0008 0261 038m 008 | 0006 05018 over oo | ons 000%0 0250 oom | coos |, acon 005 | aos | acing cheractries of mat casio con) ome based on 0125inch all ection, 4. Paring ine must be taken ito consideration, Womens tsooraemy | amas | oar | Fetes seul mainina wa tn Ramees 00 to 000 oes | cow is dmensions someties inpossse to fave Wal of nonuntfom thickness shoud i (Sea nates) ‘20011 6000 0080 | 0020 | be gradualy blended om thickto tin | - 8. Care mux be taken thatthe ratio of the depth of Tweed Sue a it e red hla tos diameter does notre (Glass) Exoral 1 2 point that wl esultin excessive pn da 6. The values should be increased whenever Canconicty | _(Seonotova)rim | corr | agar _| ® rhesevalues reuld be nereased when | Tee molding techrigues. Par Side (See note) 20 | 095" _| 7. customer-Molder understanding necessary Surface (See note #7) ee Calor Stabity (See note) pa Le Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1991 32values represont closer tolerances that can beheld but at a greater cost Any addtin of filers wil compromise physical properties and ater dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders ‘Note: The Commercial values shawn below represent common produstion tolerances atthe most economical level. The Fine Mater Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Deena Dimensions Plus or Minusin Thousands a an Milimeter sed ou 50100150 200250300350 400450500 No | a A= Diameter 2% {See nator} B=Depth : x (Seenote 4 = BSc C= Height {See note #3) 0 1% 160 Ls 1500300 Comms | Fine? foreach ational 2 rm acd (rm) aro | omrs D= Baton Wall nate #2) ass | 0078 = Side Wall nate 44) orzo | 007s 0.0% 3.000 ao | a0se 3.0010 6000 oo | 0m Diameter (Soe nate rt) 8.001 to 12000 ass | 0100 12001 & over creo | 0125 ‘ Aererence Notes 6 = Hole Sie £000 6008 1105 _| 9075 _| These tolerances do notinclde alowance for Depth 0010 12000 oso | aioo | asingcharacterses of materi (See notre) lerances are based on 3.175 mm val section. ‘ea0t wo mom sie Tass) 2 Tolerances are based on 3.175 mm wal sect = 2, Paring line mustbe taken into consideration. = Comers, ; : ~ 4. Part design shoud maintain a wal thickness a8 ae Eater 2655 _| 0275 |” neariy constant as possible. Compete uniformity Fates ‘000% 75.00 ‘sas | ons | inthis dimension i sometimes imposible to achieve, Walls of nonuniform thickness should (See note 4) 75.01 150000 0765 | 0505 | be aradually bended tram thick to thin. — a 5, Care must be taken thatthe ratio ofthe depth af Thread Sue ne 7 a cored hota it diameter éoasnctreach a (Ciess) Exerat 1 2 Bont that wil resutin excessive pin damage a 6. These values shoud be increased whenever Concentity enateiriM) | 0275 | oreo | & These alts shoul bencressad wong Draft Allowance malting techriques Per Side (Seonote re) 2a __| 095 | 1. customer-Molder understanding is necessary Surface Finish (Seenate 77} let Color Stablty (See ete #7 Copyright ‘©The Society of The Pasties Industry, Ine Revised 1991 3Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Material Melamine - Urea (MF-UF) ‘Note: The Commercial valves shown below represent common production tolerances atthe mast economical evel. The Fine values represent closer tolerances that can beheld but. Properties and alter dimensional stability, Please consult the manufacturer a greater cost. Any addltion of filers will compromise physical Drewioa Dimensions Plus oF Minus in Thousands ofan inch Code (inches) (ocke 5 0 6 a 0500 ——- ameter 1.000 (See note 2000 3.000 3 c= Height (See note #3) $000 5.000 6.000: ~ 6.000% 12000 [Comm | Fine = foreach atonal inchadd (inches) | 0003 | oone D = Bottom Wall (See note #3) 0.005 0.003 ide Wall (See note #4) aoe | 0002 000% 0126 0a | oone lle Size 0126 00280, oo | bate Diameter (See note #1) 02510500 ago | aoa 0501 & over aos | ooo | Rerenence Nores ole Size a = 009? _| 4, these tolerances do notinclude allowance for Depth 0251 %0 0500 coos | one | ating characteristic of materia (See note #5) rances are base inch wall section. aia eos aage 2 Tove based on 0.125 inch wal sect 4 Parting line mus be taken into consideration “ 4. Part design should maintain a wal thickness as {See nate ¢6] a ld nearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity ‘000% 3000 aor | ooo | inthis dimensions sometimes impossible to achieve, Wal of non-uniform thickness should (See note #4 ‘001 6000 ‘ame | coi | be oradally bended rom thick ohn = : ; 5, Gare must be taken thatthe ratio of the depth of ‘Thread Size a a.cored hole to its diameter does not reach a (Chess) cara i 2 ein that wil cet n excessive gin damage 8. These values shout be increased whenever Concorarcky (See note #4) (FM) oon? CJ ‘compatible with desired design and good Draft Atlowance ‘molding techniques. Per Side (See note #5) 10° os* 7. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary ort tool ‘Surface Finish (See note #7) : el Color Stability (See note #7) Copyright (©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1991 34Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders ‘Material Melamine - Urea (MF-UF) ‘Note: The Commercialvalues shown below represent common production tolerances atthe mast economical level. The Fine values represent claser tolerances that can be held but at a greater cost. Any addition of filers will compromise physical properties and ater dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. Drawing Dimensions Pius or Minus in Thousands ofan Milimeter cane i 50100 150200250 300350405050 ameter B (Seenates') th ° Nm (See nat s 4 Yee, C=Height . {See note #3) Ld 1% 10 : 160 t000 Comm? | Fines for ach addtional 2mm add im) ems | 0050 D= Baton Wall (See note) 090 | 007s Side Wa (Senate #4) 0105 | 080 ‘.900t 3000 ceo | 0050 3.00 to 6000 ‘oe0 | 0050 80110 12000 eros | _ ows 12001 & over 0190 | 0100 ; {.0 to 6000 080 | 00s Depth 6014012000 e100 | 0050 | ading characteristics of material (Senate) based on 3.175 mm wall section ‘aor mow cia] vans 7) 2 Tolerances are based on 3175 mn wall seat a 4. Parting ine must be taken into consideration = Comer, i= Comer, 4. Pan design shoul maintain a wali thickness as Ais Files {See nota 0768 _| _0300_| “* peary constant as possible. Complete uniformity nace nae oat 205 | aan | inthis dimensions stmetinesimpositie «> achive. Walls of non-uniform thickness should (See note #4) 75.001 to 150000 aso | asco | be gradually blended trom hick to thin. 5. Care must be taken thatthe ratio ofthe depth of internal Thread Sie ian y : 8 coredhole ois giameter doesnot each 2 (Chass) Esomal 1 2 point that will esut in excessive pin damage. = 6. These values shouldbe increased whenever Concentricity | (Seenoweesi(Fiats | 0180 _| 0425 | compatbo with desired design and good ayes moan techniques Per Si (See note) 1or__|_ 05" | 7, customer-Molder understandings necessary viet tool Surface Finish (See note #7) eae Color Staite (See note Copyright ©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1991 35Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Material Melamine - Phenolic (MF-PF) ‘Note:The Conmercialvalues shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical level. The Aine values represent closer tolerances that can b held bu at a greater cost. Any adston filers wil compromise physical oroperies and ter dimensional stability. Please consutthe manufacturer. Orawing Dimensions Plus or Minusin Thousands ofan Inch Code thches) 0 5 0 2 ‘cco T 500 —— tor 1.000 (See note 2000 8 =Depth % (See note #3) —— 3% (See note #3) tome \ 5.000 \ 6.000 z 6.00 to 12.000 Comms | Fines foreach ational inch add (inches) coo | 0001 D = Bottom Wall (See note #3) 0.005 0.003 Es Side Wat (See note #4 oes | 002 2.00 0125, owe | 0001 Hole Size 0.126 to 0.250 6.002 0.001 Diameter (See note #1) 0.251 to 0.500 0.003 0.002 1 & over 002 = soe} Rerenence Notes GaHole Size 0,000 to 0.250 .002 0.002 _| 4, These tolerances do not include allowance for Depth 0251 00500 anos | 0.002 {See note #5) 2d.0n :125inch wall section. 0501 t 1000 ) 4. Parting ine must be taken into consideration Comers , . 4, Part desig should maintain a wall hickness as Ris, Fillets {See note #6 0.082 ons nearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity 5 is dimension sometimes imposible to io £100 03.000 achieve. \Walls of non-uniform thickness should (See note r8) 3001 06000 be gradually banded from hick a thin, 5. Care mustbe akan thatthe aio ofthe dopth of ‘Thread Size Internal i 2 cored hole to its diameter does not reach a (Class) Eon A z Doin that wil resultin excessive pin damage 6. Thso values shouldbe increased whenever Concetrcty (See not 8)(E1N) compatible with desired design and good moding Oraft Allowance techniques. Por Side to | 05 _| 7. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary Gumave Fal Seana prior toto een Canam &. These tolerances can vary greatly depending on Color Stabitty (See note) method of lding and gate locations Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1991 36Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Material Melamine - Phenolic (MF-PF) ‘Note: The Commercialvalues shown below represent common production talerances at the most economical level, The Fine values represent closer tolerances that can be held but a a greater cost. Any adition of filers will compromise physical roperies and alter dimensional stably Please consul the manufacturer. cous Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands of an Millimeter “ tw 50100 1502005030050 400450800 : \ \ 0 pth \ oe _t& : 2 i aa 100 . (Seenae \ \ 1% 180 1010300 Conn. | Fine foreach aditonal 2mm ae (rm) oso | 0025 (See note 3) ano | 07s E = Sie Wall (See nowt) acco | 0080 0.003.000, oss | oa F=Hole Size 3.003 12 6.000 0.085, 0.025 Diameter (Seannate #1) 6.001 to 12.000 0.080 0.080 12001 &over ceo | _a0so Rerenence Nores G=Hole Size Ca 66 oe 1, These tolerances do not include allowance for Depth 6.01 to 12.000 oo | aco | ating charactoriscs of material (See note #8) 2 Tolrances are based on 3.175 mmwall section 12.001 to 25000| ars | 0075 5. Paring line mustbo taken into consideration. H= Comers, nai 4. Part osion shoud msntain a wall thicknoss as Fibs, Fillets {Seenote 46) 1.580 0.700, nearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity cca inthis dimension f sometimes imposible to La eae achieve. Walls of non-uniform thickness should (See note re) 7.00 to 150000 be orally Blended from thick ohn. - Terma 7 7 5. Care must be taken thatthe ratio ofthe depth of Thread Sie a cored hoe tots diameter doesnot reach a (Class) ara ; ; paint that wil result in excessive pin damage, 6. These values shouldbe increased whenever Concentricity (See note #8 (FLM.) ‘compatible with desired design and good moding Oraft Allowance techniques Per Side 10° 05° 7. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary prior to toolng ‘Surface Finish (See note #7) ces can vary greatly depending on Color Stablty {See note) mathod ofmlding and gate locations ©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1991 Copyright 37‘Note: The Gommerci Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Material Polyamide (Nylon) (PA) ues shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical level. The Fine ‘values represent clase tolerances that can be had but ate greater cost. Any aon of filers wl compromise physical properties and ater dimensional stably. Please consul the manufacturer. Drawing Dimensions Pius or Minus Thousands of an Inch Code inches} i 0 6 0 4.900 0800 —— 1.000 X 2000 ——— & ‘3000 aN eo NS (See note x8) ia 5.00 6000 — e000%0 1200 [femme | Fine foreach adional inch ad (inches) 90s | o0ne = Botom Wal (See note) oot | 0003 Wal (See note) os | oon 00001903125 oom | 001 FHole Size 12600250 cons | oon c caecsn | oma | ana SN 0501 & over vam | 0008 Rerenence Notes cae 9004 _| 9002 | These tolerances donot include aowance for 12s wos aoe | oon | —eding characteristics of materi (See note 45) aren inch wal section aa Goo Tanne} 2 Tolerances ae based on.125inch wal seta 4. Parting ine must be taken into consideration H= Comers, 4. Part design should maintain a wal thickness as fis, Files {See note} oazt_| 0012 _| “ pealy constants possible. Complete uniformity Aaa co ‘oar | coo | inthis dimensions sometimes mpossbioto achieve. Walls of non-uniform thickness should (See note 4 01 050, ‘acts | 0007 | be gradually Banded from thick to thi aaa 5, Care must be taken thatthe ratio of the depth of Thread Size aml : 2 ‘cared hole tots diameter does not reach a (Cass) External 1 2 paint tht wil rec in excessive pin damage. suas should be increased whenever Concentricity (Seenotova)irimn) | 000s | 0003 Saeactonenec a aeRaaenes molding techrigues. PerSide 1s 05° | 7. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary 2 note #7) prior to tooling. Copyright 38 7) ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1991Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Material Polyamide (Nylon) (PA) ‘Note: The Commercial values shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical evel. The Fine Values represent closer tolerances that can be held but at a greater cost. Any addition of files wil compromise physical properties and alter dimensional stability, Please consul the manufacturer Deine Dimensions lus or Minusin Thousands ofan Milimeter henna i so 1018020250 500_—380— 400480500 s 0 SS oe % 1 1 180 1600 300 Comm. | Fines foreach ational 25 mm add (mm) 0.080 0.050 D = Bottom Wall (See note #3) 0.105 0.075 Ee Side Wall (Seonote 4) aiao [a0 0.90040 300 ass | 002s F=Hole Size 3.001 to 6.000 0.080 0.050 Diameter (Seenotet) 6.01 to r2000 ceo | aos 12001 & over anao | a0 Resenence Notes G=Hole Size =o oe aay 1. These tolerances do not include allowance for Depth 001 to 12000 aos | nove | ina characteristics of matoria (See note #5} folerances are base in, Ty ono} asm] 27% based on 3.175 mm all eto 4, Paring tine must be taken into consideration, W= Comers, jit : 4, Part design should maintain a wall thickness as Fibs, Fllets ecenaee cod a ly constant as possible, Complete uniformity eters ‘00 7000 2255 | _a100 | inthis dimensions sometines impossible to achieve. Wal cf nonanfom thickness should (Seonote 4) 50010 T6000 | ases | 0175 | be gradually blended rom tek tin Thread Size Internal 1 2 : (Gass) fa ; ; Doin that wl resin excessive pn damage 6, These values shouldbe increased whenever Concentricity (Seenote (Fim) | ots | 0075 Compatible with desired design and good Drak Alowance molding techniques Per Side (Seo note) us| 05" _ | 7. customar-Molder understanding is nacossary ‘Surface Finish {See note #7) oo Color Stabity (See note ©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1991 Copyright 39Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Material Polycarbonate (PC) ‘Note: The Commercial values shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical level. The Fine values represert closer tl \ees that canbe held but at greater cost. Any properties and alte dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer of filers will compromise physical noms Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands of an Inch (See note #1) ode Unches) 5 10 1 a 5 a % 0500—— ‘As Diameter 1.900 note 1) 2.00 B= Depth \ 000 i te 4.000 — 5.000 i 600 J 6000t0120 (Comm: | Fine foreach adional inch add (inches) | 0002 | 0002 D= Boom Wall (See note) oot | 0002 E=Side wall (See note 4) 005 | 0003 ‘gon 0125 m2 | 000 F=Hole Size 126100250 aoc | oon Diameter (Seenate #1) 075110 0500 003 | 0002 0501 & over 003 | 0002 Rerenence Nores G=Hole Size nei = am 1. These tolerances do not include allowance for Depth 025119 0500 003 | cone | evingcharecersios of material (Geenotes} lerances donot 0 ear caimiae ome | ame | 2 Toteresdo nappy to srew eds, ga = Comers, 4 Parting fine nus be taken into consideration, Fibs, Falete (Seenote #8) om ene ‘4. Part design should maintain a wall thickness as ae ay ‘cos | ooo | nearlyconstan as possible. Complete uniformity (See note #4) 3.001 to 6.000 0,007 0.004 7 a be gradually banded from tick oth Thread Size Unter Ul 5. Care must be taken that the rato of the depth of {Class} External "a a cored hole to Point that wil resutin excessive pin da Concentricity tsennote sale ad 0.003 _| 6, This dimension is a function of mold design and Draft Allowance eee Per Side (See note #7) 1° os 7. These values should be considered minimum. ‘Surface Finish (See note #8) 8, Customer-Molder understanding is necessary prior tooling vty nate #8) ©The Society of The Plats Industry, Ine Revised 1993Mat Polycarbonate Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders (Pc) Tate: The Commercalvalues shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most ezonomieal level The Fine values represent closer tolerances that car be held but at a greater cost. Any addition of files will compromise physical properties and alter dimensional stability, Please consult the manufacturer. Drawing Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands of an Milimeter (See note #1) . Ca) 501 150200250 300_—360400—*480_—*0 T A= Diameter B (See note #1) \ so ® 7 \ 10 + \ 1% 150 15010 300 Comms | Fines foreach additonal 25mm ad (nm) 05s | 0080 D = Botom Wall (See note #3) acs | 0060 E = Side Wall (Seenote #6) asso | 007s ‘20000 3.000 oss | 002s F=Hole Sie {001 t 600 oss | 0050 Diameter (See mote #1) 6.001 to 12.000 oso [0080 12001 & over oxen | aso Rerenence Noves G= Hole Size ooo S655 _| 9050 _| 1, These tolerances do not include allowance for Depth {8001 to 12.000 ceo | 0060 | aging characteristics of material {soenate ) 2. Tolerances do nota ; ppl to screw threads, go 12.001 025.000 nos [aor | 7 facrances oom H= Comers, ‘ 3 Partng ne must be taken into consideration —— — 0510 _|_0580_| 4, Part design shoud maintain a wal th Fitness| 40000 7.000 2130 | 0075 | neary constant as possibie. Complete uniformity inthis dimension is sometimes imgossibe to (See note #4) 75.001 to 180000 180 | 0.100 | achieve. Wals of non-uniform thickness should a 7 be gradually landed from thick to thin. — = 75 _| 5. caremustbe taken thatthe rato ofthe dopth of Exemal 1A a 4 cored hole toits diameter does not reach a = paint that wil result in excessive pin da = (Seenoror4)(FiM) | 0490 | 0075 _| 5, This imensionis function of mod design and Draft Alowance construction Per Side (Seenote #7) 15 | 05" | 7, These values shouldbe considered minimum. Surface Finish {4 Customer-Molder understanding is necessary prior tating. Color Stabity | _(Seenote 8) Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ino Revised 1993 41of Plas: Standards & Practices 's Molders Material Polyetherimide (PEI) ‘Note: The Commercialvalues shown below represent common production terances atthe mast economical level. The Fine values represant closer tolerances t can be held but ata greater cost. Any addition of filers wil compromise physicat properties and alter dimensional stabilty. Please consuft the manufacturer. Drawing Dimensions lus or Minus in Thousands ofan inch (See note #1) 2 (Inches) 1 2 2 = 0 5 0 7 4500 —— ‘Az Diameter 1.000 {Seenote#t) i 2.00 B= Depth {See note 2) 000 a \e Catt 00 (See note 42) \ 5.00 ¥ 6.000 6.0000 T2000 Comms | Finer foreach adtonal inch add finches) 0.001 0.0005 = Botton Wall (See note 2) cor | coos = Sie Wall {See note #2 oor | cones 1.0000 0.125 cor | coos FeHole Size 0.126 to 0.250 0.001 0.0005 Diameter oe) oor | 0001 501 & over coe | 0001s Rerenence Nores ‘1000200250 coor | 00005 G = Hole Size 1. Tolerances do nt apply to screw threads, gear Deoth 0251 100500 G00 | 00005 | tecthormatc is. Provisions can usually be made to hold this type of dimension to close 0501 to 1.000 cots [oot | limits. onan 2. Paring ine must taken into consideration. fis, Fits 025 to 0082 ems | 0005 | 3 Paredesign should meintan awallthickness as nearly constants possible. Complete unit Panes one 320 oom | ot0s | tivdmansonvsonebnesinpesse to achive. Walls of non-uniform thickness should (See note #3} sone a en ws ‘be gradually blended from thick to thin. Thread Sie Internal 4 These valuss shouldbe consiered minimum. (Clas) aaa The designer shoud allow as much draft as is ae compatible with his design. Liberal use of draft 7 - will minimize ejection problems, and reduce Concentricity (See note #8) (F1M) nanan aoa rat Atowance 5. Ths dimension is function of mold design and Per Side (Seenote #4) ts | 02 |” constuction Surface Finish (See note v8) 6 Customer-Molder understanding is necessary prior to toon, Color Stabtty (See note #6) Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1993 2values represent closer toe Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders ‘Nate: The Commercialvalues shown below represent common production walerances atthe most economical level. The Fine ces that can be held but at a gre cost. Any properties and ater dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. Material Polyetherimide (PEI) addition of fillers wil compromise physical Drawina Dinners Pls or Minus a Thoussnd ofan linea (Senate) oe (on) was) too 2s) aos) mo 8) \ T AzDioneter % (Seen) Vi — B=Depth \ \ {Seenate2) * ie WAC C= Height 1 2 _ \e {Seenote 2) \ ole 2 \ 10 ‘wrest Tonnes foreach atonal mmessinm | omas | aors De Botumwai | (See nate ows) om Ea Side Wal (See nate 2 oo | oor 0013000 ows | 01s Hole Size 3.001 t0 6.000 0.025 0.013 Diameter (See noe #1) 6.001 to 12.000 0.038 0.025 Taam & over ono | ome Rerenence Noves 0 ok 900 6.000 0.025 | 9013 | tolerances do not apply to screw threads, gear Depth ‘5.001 to 12.000 ams | ome. teeth or match its. Provisions can usually be nade olds ype of imencion a cloce vzooriozsan0 | cow | omy | lint, 2. Paring ne must be akeninta consideration (Seanote 8) oxso_| 0130 | 2 Pardesgn shoud manana walthicoes as teat consent ax poole Complete wom 0.000 to 75.000 0.180 9.060 inthis dimension is sometimes impossible to achive, Wale of nonuniform eknoss should (See nate #3) 75.00 to 150.000 0254 | 0.180 be gradually blended from thik to thin, Threud See ern 4. These values shouldbe considered minimum (Gass) : The designer should alow as much erat asie sal Compa wth hs design Libera use of rat Concenicty | See FIN) wl minnie ejection poten, andretuce Dra Alowance 5. Ts dimension ncn ofmld design and Per Side (See note #4) 15° 0.25" construction. Surface Fish rate) 6. Customer-Moldr understanding isnecessary bro oong. Color Say nate Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1993 43Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Material Polyethylene-Terephthalate (PETE) ‘Note: The Commercial values shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical level. The Fine Values represent closer tolerances that cam be held but at a greater cost. Any addition of files will compromi physical broperies and atercmensional tbl. Plese consulthe manufacturer. Drawing Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands ofan Inch Code inches) 5 0 5 0 3 ‘.a00 s00 ——— 1,000, 2000 - (Seenote #3) ‘00 \ %, C= Height {See note #3) boca it X 00 \ 6.000 600% 1200 [Comms | Fez foreach additonal inch add(inches) | 0003 | o0ne D= Botom Wall (See note) ooo | _aowe E= Side Wal (Seenote 4) coos | 0002 00% 0125, goa | _a001 F= Hole Size 0.126 to 0.250 0.003 0.001 Diameter (See note #1) 0.251 to 0.500 0.003. 0.002, 0501 & over coo | ome Rerenence Nores ole Size ee - = 1, These tolerances do not include allowance for Death 0251100800 ‘oot | coo | ecingcheractersicsofmateri (See note #5) 10501 to 1.000 ‘0005 ‘0.008 2 Tolerances sed on 0.128 inch wall section. 3. Paring line mustbe taken into consideration. W= Comers, eee ra {See note #6) ose one nearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity Fatness ‘.000%0 3000 coi | owe | inthis dimension sometimes imposible to achive, Walls of non-uniform thickness should (See note) ‘30010 6.000 23 | 0013 | be gradually blended fram tick o thin. 5. Care must be taken thatthe ratio of the depth of Thread Size een 7 Z a coradtole tots diameter doesnot reach (Cass) Exemal 1 2 Doin that wil result in excessive pin demay ” 6. These values shouldbe increased whenever Concentricity (See note #4) (F.LM,) ‘compatible with desired design and good Draft Allowance ‘molding techniques. Per Side (See note #5) 175° 075" 7. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary ‘Surface Finish (See note #7) a a oan Calor Stabity (See note) Copyright ‘©The Society of The Pasties Indust, Ine Revised 1991 44Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Materi Polyethylene-Terephthalate (PETE) ‘Note: The Commercial values show below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical level. The Fine velues represent closer tolerances thet can be properties and alter dimensional stability Please consult the manufacture. but at a greater cost. Any addition of filets will compromise physical Drawing Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands ofan Milimetor one Ga) So 100150200250 3003500045080 A= Diameter B note 1) so B= Depth (See note #3) = Cataig e (See note #3) i 1% 150 15080300 Comms | Fine foreach addtional 25mm add (rim) oeo | 0080 D= Bottom Wall (See note #3) aos | 0080 E=Side wall (See note #4) esos | 0050 {1000 o 000 oss | ones Fe Hole Size 3.001 to 6.000 6.080 0.025, Diameter (Senate en) 6.001 to 12000 080 | 0050 12001 8 over aos | 0050 Rerenence Nores G=Hole Size ne a hea) 1. These tolerances do not include allowance for Der) 001 t 12000 0105 | 0050 | aging characteristics ofm rrr aay | amg 2 Tolerances are based on 3.175 mm wal section. ae 4 Parting lin mus be taken into consideration. = Corners, ee 4. Part design should maintain a wall thickness as bei ) o788 = nearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity Panes 2000 75.000 2500 | 0200 | _ inthis dimension is somatines impossible to hiave, Wal of non-uniform thickness should (See note #4) 75.001 to 150.000 0.585 0.330 be gradually blended from thick to thin. 5 Care must be taken thatthe ratio ofthe depth of ‘Thread Size oe z a cored hole to its dis joes not reach a (Class) Extemal 1 2 point that wl result in excessive pin damage. 6 These values should be increased whenever Concentricity (See note #4) (FM) compatible with desired design and good Draft Alowance molding techniques. Per Side (See note #5) 07s" 1. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary prior to tooling. ‘Surface Finish (See note #7) n 4 Color Stabity (See note #7) Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1991 45Material Phenol-Formaidehyde (PF) (Phenolic) (Fibre-filled) Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders ‘Note:The Commercialvalues shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical evel. The Fine values represent closer tolerances that can be held but at a greater cost Any addition of filers will compromise ghysical properties and alter dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. Draw Dimensions Plus or Mus in Thousands ofan Inch a Anehes) 5 10 15 2 B ono 0509 —— Az Diameter 1.000 (See note #1) 2000 B=Denth Nb, (See note 4) *, 000 3, 2 eight note #3) nae) N s.000 6.000 {000 to 12.000 Comms | Fines foreach adaiional inch add finches) ooo | oo D= Bottom Wall (See note) aooe | 0.004 E= Side Wall (Seenote #4) ano | 0.03 (0000 to 0125 cone | 0001 lle Si 0.12610 0250 aos | 0.00 Diameter (Seenote #1) 025110 0500 aos [0.003 0501 & over mos | 0.003 Rerenence Notes G=Hole Sie cae Do | 0002 _| 1. these tolerances donot include allowance for Depth 0251 0 0500 ‘00s | ooo | —saina characteristics of materia (Seenote #8) ances are based on 0.125 incl on. ania coor) oon] 2 Toler based on 0.125 inch wal section. 4, Parting ine must be taken ito consideration. comers, mee 4, Part desig should maintain a wall thickness as ese esc 0000 _|_0015 _| nearly constant as possible. Complete uiformty tess «1000 0 3000 ‘2008 | inthis dimension ie sometines impossible to a a achieve. Walls of non-uniform thickness shows (Seenote #4) 3.001 t 6000 sat | ore | be gradually blended from tick to thin, 5. Care must be taken that the ratio of the depth of internal 1 2 Thread Size Internal 2 cored hole tots diameter does notraach a Looe? External 1 2 Point that wil result excessive pin damage. ig ‘8. These values shouldbe increased whenever Concentricity (seenora tei) | aor | 00 |e eee a ested desen and soos Dra Allowance molding techeiques. PerSide (See note #5) 10" __| 05 _ | 7. customer-Molder understanding i necessary Sa rior to tooling ‘ d ©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1993+, Material Standards & Practices Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF) of Plastics Molders (Phenolic) (Fibre-filled) Tota: The Conmerca/valvs sown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical evel The Fre values represent closer tolerances that can be held but ata greater cost. Any addton of filers will compromise physical properties and ater dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer Drawing Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands ofan Milimeter ve 50 100180200280 3005040050800 B oo B= Depth \ fo, % 5 er 100 1% 10 ——— : 15010300 Comms | Fines for each additional 25mm add (rm) 080 | 0050 = Bottom Well (See note #3) ass | 0.100 feWal (See note #4) 10s | 00s 4000 3.000 oss | anes I =Hole Size 4001 to 6.000 0080 | 0080 Diameter c {See note #1) 6.001 to 12.000 0105 | 0075 12001 & over aro | 0075 Rererence Notes 5000 1 0 5 G=Hole Size — Gl 2 _| 1. these olerances do notinclude allowance for Depth {001 to 12.000 e130 | 0075 | aging characteristics of material (See note 25) ler 03.178 0 a amie pre) ony | 2 Tolerances are based on 3.175 mm wal seco 5 3, Parting line must be taken nto consideration, comers, ibs, Flats 00 4 Part design should maintain a wall thickness as Lee Cit) 0765 _| 0580_| pearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity Fitness ‘000 0 75.000 0360 | 0209 | inthis dimension is sometimes impossibie to achieve. Wals of non-uniform thickness should (See nate +) 75001 to 150.000 2535 [0355 | be gradually blended from tick to thin, a 5 Care must be taken thatthe ratio ofthe depth of Threed Se = : a cored hole ty its diameter does not reach a (Class) External 1 2 point that will suttin excessive pin damage 6. These values should be increased whenaver Concentricity (Seenotesa Fim) | ato | 0.100 | © Cotatble with desired design and god Draft Allowence molding techniques. Per ide {Soe note #5) 10" | 08 | 7. customer-Molder understanding is necessary riot to toi Surface Fish {See note #7) aiiahtind (See note #7) ©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1991 47Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders ‘Note: The Commercial values shown ‘values represent closer tolerances that can be held but ata grt low represent common production tle Material Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF) (Phenolic) General Purpose 1685 at the most economical eval. The Fine ter cost. Any addition of filers will compromise physical properties and ater dimensna ati Please const the manufacturer. Ora Dimensions Plus or Minas in Thovsands ofan inch code (inches) 10 Ey nc 1% 2» 0.500 ———— N 1.000 \ 2,000 2010 i (See note #3) cd V som \ Coons [rez coe | oo DeBoromwan | _(Seenctera com | owe EaSidewal (Geena) oom | oom 000% ares oor | _a0o1 25100250 com | ooo zatt6 0800 oom | om 0501 B over com | oom Rerenence Notes G=Hole Size eon 2 ae ane 1. These tolerances do not include allowance for Dent cast 0050 om | oma | eta characterises of matte (See nto) aie eee aT ms nom 7) 2 Traces re based on 0.125inch wall son. 2. Paringine mut be taken int consideration, H= Corners, 4, Part design should maintain a wall thickness as Ribs, Files (See note 46) ge2_| 0031 | * near constant as possible. Complete uniformity is dimension is sometimes impossible to Fieiness oon $000 on ons jeve. Walls of non-uniform thickness should (00 note 78) “a001 6000 ama | enw be gradually blended from thick to thn. 5. Carermate taken thatthe rai of the opt of Thread S20 eral 1 a a coredhole ts diameter doesnt wache (Class) ‘Extemal 1 2 point that will result in excessive pin dar 6. Those values shoud be nceased whenever Concentricity (See note #6) (F..M.) 0.005 0.003 compatible with desired de and good — molding tectniques, rat Aowance a . | customer Moder undenstandng is necessary Persie uw | os a ‘Surface Finish (See note #7) 8. These tolerances can vary gr Som Sonty ‘Seenaem mmthed of molding and gee Copyright "@iThe Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1991 48‘Note: The Commercialva values represent closer tol Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Material Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF) (Phenolic) General Purpose 5 shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical level. The Fine ces that can be held but at a greeter cost. Any addition of filers will compromise physical properties and ater dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. Drawing Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands of an Mlimater com so__100 150-200-250 003800 ameter % {See note #1) P B=Depth \ cata) . eth C= Height {See note #3) bd 5 \ 150 1500300 Comm: | hes {or each addons 25mm add (rem) ao | 02s (See note 3) oreo | 0100 (See note #4) 0105 | 0.050 «9000 3000 oss | 002s Hole Size 3.001 to 6.000 0.055, 0025 Diameter (See note) 6.001 to 12.000 oe | 0050 1200 & over oe | 0050 Rerenence Notes G=Hole Size a) La 0.080 _| 4, These tolerances do not include allowance for Depth 001 12000 010 | 0050 | aving characteristics of material (See note 45) jolrances are based on 3.175 mm wall section. 12.001 to 25.000 0.130 0.075 a pecan 4 Parting ine mustbe taken into censideration H= Comers, 4 Part design should maintain a wall thickness as Ribs, Fillets (See note #6) 1.580 0.780 nearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity inthis dimension is sometimes impossible to Flames CE) = ous achieve. Walls of non-uniform thickness should aa Sane aaae aan | 0250 | be oadualy blended from thick to thin, 5, Care must be taken thatthe ratio ofthe depth of ‘Thread Size Internal 1 2 a cored hole to its diameter does not reach a (class) cern : 7 point that wil result in excessive pin damage. 6. These values shouldbe increased whenever Concenicity (Seenote-a)(im) | 0130 | 0075 | compatible with desired design and good a imlding techniques. Perside ror | age | 7 Customer-Molder understandngis necessary prior to tooig ‘Surface Finish (See note #7) 8. These tolerances can vary greatly depending on hod of molding and gat locaton Color Stability (See note #7) ee aay Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1991 49Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Material (Phenolic) Glass Filled "Note:The Commercial velues shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical evel. The Fine Values represent closer tolerances that can be held butata greater cost. Any addition of filers will compromise physical properties and alter dimensional stability, Please consult the manufacturer. Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF) oom Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands ofan Inch ode (inches) fa fa a Fi 1000 n ‘ast —— | 1.000 2000 —| 000 g 23 Ce Height 5. (See note #3) oy = 000 6.000 000 t20m Comms [Fine foreach additonal inch add (inches) coor | 000 = Bottom Wall (See note #3) aos | 0.003 E=Side Wall (Seenote #4) 001 | 001 0.00010 0125 ) FHole Size (4126 0 0.250 ooo | oot Diameter (Seenote #1) 0251 t 0500 ee 0501 & over coce | 0001 Rerenence Notes 0.000t0 r 0 G =Hole Size eee ooo {01 _| 1, mese tolerances do notinclude allowance for Depth 0251 0 0500 oot | cont aging characteristics of material (Seenote #5) olerances are besed on 0.125 inch wall section. aaa aon} omar | 2 Terercesarehesed on O.12sinch wal eet 3. Parting line must be token into consideration. W=Comers, 4, Part design should maintain a wall thickness as Fibs Fillets {See note #8) ae reaty constam as powible- Complete uniformity inthis dimension is sometimes impossible to tell en achieve. Walls of non-uniform thickness should (ee note #8) 001% 4000 be gradually blended from thick to thin 5, Care must be taken thet the rato ofthe depth of “Torea6 Sie intemal 1 2 ‘8 cored hole tots diameter does not reach @ (Class) a Fi - point that wil sulin excessive pin dama 6 These values shouldbe increased whenever Concentricity (Seenotevs)(FiM) | ooo | 0003 compatible with desired design and good ; molding techniques. Draft Allowance . | 7. Customer-Molder understanding i necessary Per Side 10 as rior to toting Surface Finish (See note #7) 8. These tolerances tan vary greatly depending on thod of molding and gate location. Color Stabitty (See note #7) a a Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1993 0; Material Standards & Practices Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF) of Plastics Molders (Phenolic) Glass Filled ‘Note: The Commercial values shown below represent common production tolerances at the most economical evel. The Fine values represent closer tolerances that can be held but ata greater cost. Any addition of files will compromise physical properties and ater dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer Dee Dineolne Pius or Minus in Thousands of an Milieter = tem Pee eee ee ee ee) : th 0 8 3 C= Helo {See note #3) 1 1 1s 15010300 toms [ae foreach ations! 25 mm add (mm) 0.030 0.025, D = Bottom Wall (See note #3) 0.130, 0.075 a = Side Wat (Soenater4) ome | om ‘000103000 co | 005 al i Fatole Size 3.001 06.000 ome | om ¢ bine Se {See nate #1 cooto1200 | oss | 002s reo over | 008s | 002s 0,000 to 6.000 0.030 0.025, Rerenence Noves G=Hoe Sie 1. These tolerances donot incude allowance for oe onto 12000 oma | _oms | * aghgchrocersioe atm a 722001 10 25000 0s | _oms | 2 Telorancos ore bsedon 3.178 nm wal section, ame Tow] semana a on | Par desion sould ines a wa hi ce oom uy om nearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity. Fates 00010 7.000 ints dmorson sometimes impossite to dchieve Was of nonunflom ices shoud (See note #8) 75.001 to 150.000 be gradually blended from thick to thin. Taal ; FT] are ust be take thatthe rat ofthe dept of A cored holes dometer does nat each (Gass aera! 1 2 pol tht anu exconive pn dage. 6. These values shouldbe increased whenever Concentricity @ note #8) (FAA) 0.130, oars compatible with desired design and good DrattAlowance inldingtocnigus. Per Sie ue | ose | 2 customer older understanding is necessary ——- aa prior toaing urfece ms eeeae) 8, These tolerances can vary greatly depending on = aan inetd of mang and gate canon Copyriga he Society of Te Pasties Indust. The Revised 1998 stvalues repr Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders "Note: The Commercial values shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical level. The Fine Material Polyoxymethylene (Acetal) (POM) nt closer tolerances that can beheld but at a greater cost Any addition of filers will compromise physical properties and aker dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. Draning Dinesions Plus or Minus in Thousands fen ach ode inches) i 1 2» z 9.000 . 2} 0% —— A=iaetar 100 {Seenae 2000 f= Depth (Senate) ] C= Height {See note #3) bo sao 00 comrorzo0 [Conn | Free foreach oditonal inchadétnchos!_ | ome | oz D=Botomwat | __(Seenotert ooo | oom Ee Sie Wall (See note #4) coo | oom ono t9 25, con | 0001 Hole Size 0.126 to 0.250 0.003 0.002 c Demeter (See note #1) 0.251 to 0.500 0.004 0.002 | Nt Ost & over a0 | oom Rererence Nores Gutnsne 000190250 ooo | oom lowonce to oe azar 10000 008 | noms ee note: srances are bas yn | inet tion. caciae same Tome 7] 2 Tolerances re base on 0125nch wal ato 3. Pang in ruse ean nto consideration, Weare, ; fio, Flt (Seenote 48) — = nae a con | omg | ine dimension sonetnos imossteto ‘chive Walls of nn-unfom hehness shoud (See note #4) 3,001 to 6.000 0.018 0.008. be gradually blended from thick to thir 5. Care ust be taken thatthe ati of the depth of Thread Sze hora i 2 t cored hola dater dest reach {Glass External 1 2 point that wl result in excessive pin damage. ; 6. These values shuld be ineresed whenever Concantricity (See note #4)(F-LM.) sero 086 compatible with desired design and good i poling teeriques- Per Side (See note #5) 1.25° ose 7, Customer-Molder understanding is necessary rt ong ‘Surface Finish (See note #7) " * Color Stability (See note #7) Copyright (Othe Society of The Pascs Indust, Ine Revised 1991 52Material Polyoxymethylene (Acetal) (POM) Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders ‘Note: The Commercial values shown below represent common production tolerances at the most economical level. The Fine values represent closer tolerances that can be held but at a grester cost. Any addition of fillers wll compromise phys properties and alter dimensional stably, Please consult the manufacturer, Bioving Dimensions ius oF Minusin Thousands ofan Milimeter ia (ne so 1150 am 280005 T B 0 ny (See note) = ¢ vi, C=Heighe (See note #3) id ms 150 1600 00 Comms | Fines for each atonal Bmmadainm) | 0105 | 0080 = Bato Wall (Soe ote 8) 010s | 0080 ‘Wall (See note #4) 0.105, 0.050 ‘1000. 3000 oss | 002s a ee 3.0019 8000 coo | 0080 {See note #1) 6.001 to 12.000 0.105 0.050 12001 & over oro | a0 Rerenence Nores iole Size oo = am 1. These tolerances do not include allowance for Dapth 01 to 12000 ox | 007s ging cheractersies of materia (See notes lea 0d 00 3175 mm ‘aoonwso00 a8 [vam 7) 2 Tolerances are bases on 3.175 mn wall section. 3, Parting line must be taken into consideration. 4, Part design should maintain a wal thickness as Geonaen ne ES Oe nearly constant as possible, Complete uniformity 0.000 0 75.000 020 | ans inthis dimension is sometimes impossible to achieve. Walls of non-uniform thickness should {See note #4) 75.01 to 180.000 aso | 0200 be gradually blended from thick to thin, 5. Care must be taken that he ratio ofthe depth of ‘Thread Size een e : ‘8 cored hoe tits diameter does not reach a (Class) Basen 1 2 point that will esutin excessive pin damay i 6. These values should be increased whenever Concentricity (Seenoteea) (Fim) | 0285 | 0180 Tompusle vith Scored Gocton end good Draft Allowance ‘molding techniques. Per Side (See note 5) ta | os 7. Customer-Molder understandings necessary ir to tooling. Surface Finish eee Copyright ‘OThe Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1991 3Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Material Polypropylene (PP) "Note: The Commercialvelues shown below represent carmon production tolerances atthe most economical level. The Fine Values represent closer tolerances that can be held but a are FcOS1 Ary addition of fillers will eompromise physical properties and alter dimensional stabilty. Please consult the manufacturer. Drawing Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands of an Inch Code Unches} 5 4 5 10 8 x 0500 ——— A= Diameter 1.000 \Seengtant) 200 B= Depth (Seenote #3) oon C=Height {See neta 3) cca) 5000 6.000 6.000 12000 Comms | Fine = foreach adtonal inch add fnches) coos | 0.002 D= Bottom Wall (See note ra) cone | 0.003 E= Side Wall (See note #4) aos | 0.08 4.00010 0.125 goa | a2 FeHole Sie 0.12610 0250 oo | 0.002 Diameter (See note et) 0251 9 0500 gs | ue 0501 & over coe | 0006 Rererence Notes: G=Hole Se = ots _| 9003 | mese tolerances do natinclude allowance for Depth 0251 t0 0800 vane | 000s | aging characteristics of material (Seenote #5) 2. Tolerances are based on 0.125 nch wall section. 0801 1000 i008 | 0006 oe 4 Parting tne mustbe ken ito consideration. = Comes, . “ 4. Part design should msintain a wall thickness 3s ee iesanaea 0008 _| 0016 _| pea constant as possible, Complate uniformity Ramness ‘0000 3000 im | 014 | inthis dimensions sometimes impossible to actieve. Walls of nor-uniform thickness should (See note #4) 2.007 6000 0096 | 0021 | be gradoly blended fom thick to thi, - = 5. Care must be taken that the rato othe depth of Thread Size iene i 2 a cored hole tots diameter does not reach a (Class) External 1 2 point that wil reuftin excessive pin damage, 6 These values shoud be increased whenever Concentricity (Seenoteraieimy | om | oorz | © Thesevalues shouldbe increased when Dre Alowance told techniues. Per Side (See notes) 1st | 05" | 7. customer-Molder understanding i necessary 0 tol Surface Finish (See note #7) eee Color Stability (See note 7) Copyright ‘OTe Society of The Pasties Industry, Ine Revised 1991 4Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Materi Polypropylene (PP) ‘Nate: The Commercialvalves shown below represent common production tlarances at the most economical level. The Fine values represent closer tolerances that can be held but at a greater cost. Any addition of files will compromise physical properties and alter dimensional stability Please consult the manufacturer. veace Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands of an Millimeter ade tr 50100 1502002503008 % 0 * & Ce eight a ‘See not) 1% 150 | 18010300 Conn | free foreach adional mmm add (mm) 0x30 | om = Battom Wel {See note a) 0185 | ons E Side Wat (Seenote +4) 018s | om7s 0.9000 8000 os | 080 F=Hole Size 3.001 to 6.000 0.105 0.075 Diameter (See note #1) 6001 w 12.000 aro | 0100 12001 & over a2 | 0180 Rerenence Nores iole Size Cs Gi Ld 1, These tolerances do not include allowance for ee, 6.001 to 12.000 0.155, 0.100 aging characteristics of materi ae note #5) . . ion ape azo | easy] 2 Tolerance 34 0n3.175 mm wall section. 7 4, Paring tne must be taken int consideration. = Comers, Ribs, Fillets {See note #6) 0735 0.405 “ Pca sae peal eet ara Flatness .000%0 75.00 asso | 0386 inthis dimension is sometimes mposstito achieve. Walls of non-uniform thickness should (See note #4) 75.01 to 150.000 oasis | 05s0 be oraduai blended from thickto tin ica il 2 5. Care mustbe taken that the ratio ofthe dapth of a coredhole tits diameter does notreach a Exeomal 1 2 Doin that wil resultin excessive pin dam Concenticty (See note eaten) | 0386 | 005 | Oe te ee ed deco anoneed Draft Alowance rmlding technique. Per Side note #6) ad os 7. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary ‘Surface Finish note #7) ‘viareo tooling, Color: (s #1) Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1991 55Material Polyphenylene Ether (PPE) Havel. The Fine cost. Any addition of ers wil compromise physical and ahter dimensional stability, Please consult the manufacturer Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders "Note:The Commercial valves shown below represent common prowusin tolerances atte most son values represent closer tolerances that can be eld but ata gre proper nea Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands of an Inch ode (inches) ch ‘ ‘0 8 » s 0:00 —— As bionaer ‘om (See note #1) 200 = may 3 % C=Height * Ka (See note #2) te \ sn t 0 L cmt temo [Comms [Faw Srareedtncted | com | oa Btn Wal aor | 00005 aor | 00s omoieores | amt | ots orasweo20 | om | ones estos | cons | _omm osoiaow | onm | ome Rererence Notes Cue cr Ca! 1, These tolerances do wat include allowance for ozs | aon] omnes] athe santero mater 2. Tolerances do not apply to screw threads, gear soio aon | aoms | _oamr | 2 flerences dona: We tonen 4. ringing mtb aan int onion Fibs, Fillets one oe 4, Part design should maintain a wall thickness as Tame camwaon | ao] oa | “nostycnraanttspshle. Conpleanforaty Irate Snefon somes npeale ‘amen | aon | an | thie Wotvotnovuon tewvens should ee teigutialblodsd tom eke ‘Thread Size oe 5. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary (Class) External prior to tooling. Concrteny | feewnetenoirioay |] ome] Team | Ts dnansin is function ota design nd Oraft Allowance: ese ve 1@ considered minimum. ‘Per Side {See note #7) 20° Os" ze pede D nee Surface Fash (Seen Color Stability (See note #5) Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1993 56Material Polyphenylene Ether (PPE) Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders "Note: The Commercialvalues shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical level. The Fine Values represent closer tolerances that can be held but ata greater cost. Any addition af filers wll compromise physical properties and alter dimensional stabilty. Please consult the manufacturer. Drawing Dimensions Plus or Mnusin Thousands ofan Milinator oe ae 50100 150200250300 50d % 0 B= Depth \ (See note 2) » C= Height eo feet ® ¢ 1% \ 150 ! 150 to 300 Comm. + Fines | foreach additonal 25mm add (mm) 0.025, 0.013 (D = Bottom Wali (See note #3) 0.025, 0.013 E= Side Wal (See note) 00s | ome ‘19003000 0s | 0013 F Hole Se ‘400110 6000 om | 0013 Diameter 001 te 12.000 ase | 002s 12001 & over 050 | 0008 Rerenence Nores G=Hole Size heen) C3 a) 1. These tolerances do not include allowance for Depth 6.0 to 12.000 2025 | a013 | @ding characteristics of materia, aes case] aems | Teence oat aay tsa rans Hs Comers 4 Parting line must be taken into consideration Fabs, Filets a a ‘4. Part design should mair Fiatoss ‘19000 75.0 ozst [aro 76.01 to 150000 200 | 0366 | achieve. Wale ofron-uniform thickness should ‘aan be oradualy blended from thick to thin, Thread Size mien ‘5. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary (Clss) steal prior to tooling Cconcenticiy | (Seenotevayirimy | 030 | a0s0 | 6 This dimension isa function mold design and construction. Draft Alowance : Pile oe ao | age | 7 These values shouldbe considered minima. ‘Surface Finish (See note #5) Color Stability (See note #5) ‘Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1993Material Polyphenylene Oxide (PPO) Tote” The Conmercialvales shown below repreventconmon production tolerances atthe most economical evel The Fine values represent closer tolerances that can be held but ata greater cost. Any adition of filers will compromise physical properties and alter dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders owing Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands of an Inch. je {Inches} fa a woe fe cata 2 sl =—H - a0 Sy z . é = : sm sim cohen Fess ies asieoatde| aid a Cees SBS) estar te coat E= Side Wall (See note #6) O.00T 0.0005 corsa Raia eo fete caveman | Roar Same ¢ 0.251 to 0800 aos | oo > re Sosa cosas a Rererence Notes G=Hole Size (0.900 tn 0250 oon Ld 1. These tolerances do not include allowance for cermvam [emma [ amr 7] 2 Tomes coats Fibs, Filets 1.005 ane ‘4, Part design should maintain a wall thickness as aa Saar Tata] * Fiadesnnmcine re tn cereua ue [ame] nhstacentieremr me ‘Thread Size etna 5, Customer-Molder understanding is necessary Cmcesy | Reena | | ama”) 6 Thins eto 5 = maeare enema eT 58; Materi Standards & Practices Polyphenylene Oxide of Plastics Molders (PPO) ‘Note: The Commercialvalues shown below represent comman production tolerances atthe most economical level. The Fine values represent closer tolerances that can be held but ata greater cost. Any addition of filers will zompromise physical provertas and altar dimensinel stably. Pease consult the manufacturer Dring Dimensions Pius or Minusin Thousands of an Milimeter a a 50100150200 28030050 anda S00 7 ameter 6 (See note #1) #0 B= Deph \ (Seenote, 5 Co Height 2 7 (See note #2) ho) \ 1% i 130 = sorosm0 ——{ Conm.2 | Fes foreach addtional mm add (min) ams | ans D= Bottom Wal! (See note #3) ams | 001 E = Side Wall (Senate 4) ams | oor 20000 3000 as | 003 0070 6000 ams | oor 5001 12.000 ones | 002s 12001 & over oso | 0038 Rerenence Nores G=Hole Size sonst 2 one 1. These tolerances do not include allowance for Deoth 6.001 to 12.000 0.025 0013 aging characteristics of material. 2 Tolerances don threads, gear 12001 to 25.000 cose | onzs | * lances nt appt srew treads We Comers, 4 Parting tne must be taken into censieration. Fis, Filet omy om +4, Part design should maintain a wall thickness as. eres TT az | ais | neerlyconstantas possible. Complete uniformity inthis dimension is sometimes impossible to 75001 018000 0508 | 0358 | _achiove. Walls of non-uniform thickness should be gradualy bended from tick thin Thread Size inom! 5. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary (Class) External prior to tooling, Concentricity (See note #4) (F..M.) 0.130 0.050 6. eee is a function of mold design and Draft Alowance va 1uld be considered minimum. Per Side (See note #7) 20° os eee ‘Surface Frish (See note #5) Color Stabity {See note 4) eae oot Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1993 59‘Note: The Commercial val Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders 5 shown below represent common production tl Material Polystyrene (PS) es atthe most economical level. The Fine ‘values represent closer tolerances that can be held but at a greater cost. Any addton af filers will compromise physical properties and ater dimensional stability. Please const the manufactu Drawing Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands aan inch ode (inches) a 5 10 A 0 B ‘= —(TN ameter 1.000 (See note #1) \ 2000 eth \ (Seenote #3) ry 3 C= Height (See note #3) tad \ 5000 \ 6.000 6.000 to 12.000 Comm-2 [Fines foreach additonal inch add finches) 00s | oo D = Bottom Wall {See nat 4) 008 | 0003 Wall (Seenote #4) 007 | 0.003 0000 0.125 con | 0001 0.12610 0280 co | 0001 0251 to 0500 cone | oom 0501 & over coos | aooe Rererence Notes joo Size —— C004 _| 0052 | 5, these tolerances do notinclud allowance for Depth (0251 to 0500 00s | aoc | acing characteristics of materi (Se0 note #8) aT) ams | ones | 2 Tolerances are based on 0.125 inch wall section, 4. Parting line must be taken nto consideration. ocr 4 Part design should maintain a wall thickness as Lestbdaad ene 0015 _|_0010 _| "™ peaty constant as posible, Complete uniformity atnass (0.00% 3.000 0007 | 0004 | inthis dimension is sometimes impossible to achiave. Wall ofnon-uniform thickness should (See note #4) 3001 to 6.000 0.013 | 0005 | be gradually bended from t 5. Care must betakan thatthe Thread Size een u 2 2 cored hol tots diameter doos not roach a (oa External 1 2 Point that il asultin excessive pin damag 6. These zlues should be increased whi Concentric (SeenoteA)(FIM) | 0.010 | 0008 _| "compatible with desired design and good panies ‘moting techniques. Perside {See nate #5) 1 05" | 7. Customer-Molder understanding is ne Surface Finish (See nate #7) ee Color Stabity (See nate #7) Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1993 coStandards & Practices of Plastics Molders "Note:The Commercial values shown below represent common production to tolerances that can be held but ata gf values represent clos properties and alter dimensional stability. Plaase consult the manufacturer. cost. Any adtition of files will compromi Material Polystyrene (PS) ces atthe most economical level. The Fine physical Drawing Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands of an Millimeter Sete ‘nm so 1m 150 mmo 250000500 i % (See nee) ® = Desh (Seenote #3) S- 0 . 3 125 150 L ‘w0t0300 tonm-= [ fae foreach aon Smmedsinm) | 0100 | 00s Oe Boson Wal | __(Seenae ones | 0m E= Side Wal ono | 007 na 300 oss | om Fs Hole Size 3.001 to 6.000 0.055, 0.025, 6.001 to 12.000 0.058 0.025 12001 Aver owas | 0080 Rererence Notes ole: emi sam an = 1. These tolerances do not include allowance for Dat soortorzoo | amos | nos | edngehaacorsis of mater (Seenote 8 momezme ane Tome] Trance re based on 178mm wal etn, : ‘3. Parting line must be taken into consideration. . 4. Part design shoud maintain wal icknons as {(Seonote #8) = a iy constant as possible. Complete uniformity i om [om dimension sometimes npesse 1000 075.000 ‘hieve. Walls of non-uniform thickness should (Seon 6) 7saorto1soa00 | aa | 01s | boaadualy bended rom oko i inal 1 2 (Class) External 1 2 point that wil resutin excessive pin dam: 6. These values should be increases whenever Conconrcty | (Seenoeasifimy | 0238 | 0200 | * corpatle wth desired design and go canoes ialdng technique Per Side (See note #5) 10° os" 7, Customer-Molder understanding is necessary. forttocig, ‘Surface Finish (See note #7) . * Color Stability (See note #7) Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc 61Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Material Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) (Vinyl) (Flexible) ‘Note: The Commercia/values shown below represent common production tolerances atthe mast ecoriomical level. The Fine ‘Values represent closer tolerances that canbe held but ata greator cost. Any adition of filers will compromise physical Properties and ater dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer Drawing Dimensions Plus or Minusin Thousands of an Inch ode (inches) 5 0 5 2 % 1000 —— 50 ——— A 4.000 ij 200 8 =Dopth (See note #3) aa S C= Height fa Ne (See note 4) = 000 000 ! 6.0001 12.000 Comms | Fines for each additonal inch add (inches) coos | omns 0 = Battom Wall (Seenote #3) 007 | 0.008 E=Side Wall (Soe note #4) e007 | 0.00 9nd ta 126 coos | 0003 nec 01126 to 0.250 0.005 004 (See note 41) (0251 to 0500 006 | 0.005 aso gover | 008 | 0006 Rererence Notes 6 =Hole Ske —— 2004 | 0003 _ | 1, these tolerances donotinclud allowance for Deptn 25110 0500 ‘005 | 0008 | aging characteristics of materia {See note #5) 028 ae base inch wall sect matin aan) anos) 2 Tolerances are based on 0.125 inch wal section, 5. Paring line must be taken into consideration H=Corners, i Fela . 4 Part dasign should maintain wall thickness as ane ea 030 _| 0010 _| ™ nearly constant as possible, Cormlete uniformity Fatness 200010 8.000 ao | 0007 is dimension i sometimes impossible to have. Walls of non-uniform thickness should (See note #4) ‘4001 to 6.000 020 | 0015 | be gradually blended from thick to thin, j 5. Garg must be taken that the ratio ofthe depth of Threed Size a 18 cored hole o's diameter does not reach a (ass) External point that will rsultin excessive pin damage. 6. These values should be increased whenever Concenticity (Seenotest)(Fim) | 001s | oot carpet ei desea acon andignot rea mmlding techniques. Per Side (Seenote #8) 1st 10" | 7. customer-Molder understandings necessary Surface Finish {Seenote 7} ee Color Stabity note #7) Copyright (©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1991 2‘Material Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) (Vinyl) (Flexible) Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders ‘Note: The Commercial values shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical lavel. The Fine values represent closer tolerances that can be held but ata greater cost. Any adlton of files will compromise physical properties and alter dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. Orawing Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands of an Millimeter ose va 50100180 700250300350 «40040800 | | ‘A= Diameter B (See note #1) » B= Depth Sn, Geencte) | 6 3, Se, ight (Seo note #3) uJ 1% 10 16080300 Comme | Fines = foreach adationa —_—, 25mm add (mm) oxo | 0075 (See note #3) 0.180 0.075 — EN come few fem | Ag 4.9000 3000 anos | 0075 F LJ Fe Hole Size 3.001 to 6.000 0.130 0.100 UG c Diameter {Gee note #1) 001 t 12000 anes | 012 12001 & over ozs | 0180 Rerenence Nores iole Size £00010 6.000 O08 aus 1, These tolerances do not include allowance for Dopth Taree eas | 0100 aging charactrsis of materia. {See note) ces oe been con wel enfin, none mom aise | caaas | 2 Tolerances are based on 3.175:m wal sect 2. Parting ine must be taken ino consideration omers i Z 4 Part desig should maintain a wall thickness 0s fivssFilets | (Seenoters)___|_07e8 | _0.250_| pearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity Panes ‘20001 75000 ozs | ons inthis dimension is sometimes impossible to {a chieve, Walls of non-uniform thickness should (See note #4) 75.001 to 150000 aso | 0300 be gradually blended from tick to thin, = 5 Care must be taken that the ratio ofthe depth of Thread Size ieee) 4 cored hole to its siemeter does not reach @ (Class) Exemal Point that wil result in excessive pin damage. 6, These values should be increased whenever Concenticity (Seenotertrim) | ose | 0260 sl aihascnldsirendtaod as ‘molding techniques. Per Side (Senate) is | 7. Customer-Molder understandings necessary priar tooling Surface Finish (See note #7) Color taity (See note #7) Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1991Standards & Practices : Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) of Plastics Molders : laid (Vinyl! (Rigid) G08 athe mast economical level, The Fine ices that can be held but ta greater cost. Any addition of filers will compromise physical properties and ster dimensional stability, Please consult the manufacturer. "Note:The Commercialalues shown below represent common production to Code (inches) 5 10 15 2 Bw = = a = HSN =a ox \ Li scott teaw (Cons [Fae tench Siaadtrewe | ams | tom ‘sencie) | eam | eo asia ‘seen | eon | oom aware | eon | cow F=Hole Size 0.126 to 0.250 0.004 0.003 Cc bie {See note #1) 0.251 to 0.500 0.005 0.004 { ostteower | ome | ems Rererence Notes eminee opt ta) 1. These tolerances do not inciude allowance for atmos | eo | ean ( cetera aan} pga) 2 Taleanes re basen 02h wal soon 2 Paring nw mst takan it cnr, : {Pu usin hd inn al ies os (See nate 48) oe em rly constant as possible, Complete uniformity cmwaan [aon | eo} tte cmaneors conten peso Scho lecfear unl tees shoud (ene sonrweoo | am | ons | bepntity secede sutton Coronet ora che (Class) Extermal 1 2 point that will result in excessive pin damage. 6. Tho vaso nts Concentricity (Seencteaaiieim) [0010 | 00 | Oe aa cca Draft Allowance ‘molding techniques. Per Side (See note #5) 10° os° 7. Customer-Motderc understanding is necessary wero Surface Finish (See note #7) Color Stability {See note #7) Conve Othe Suny of The Pasi Inyo Tevl 64Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Materi Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) (Vinyl) (Rigid) ‘Note: The Commercial values shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical level. The Fine values represent closer tolerances that canbe held but ata greater cost. Any addition of filers will compromise physical properties end alter dimensional stably. Please consut the manufacturer. Cea Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands of an Millimeter . on 50 100150200250, 300380 400450500 ‘A= Diameter B (Seenote #1) 0 B=Depth (See note #3) 4 8 4: 100 <4 1% 160 18010 300 Comm.2 | Fines for each aditonal 25mm add (rm) e190 | 007s = Bottom Wall (See nate #3) or | 007s E= Side Wall (Soe nate #4) 0120 | 0075 (4000 3.000 0105 | 007s ‘3001 to 6.00 0105 | 0075 c Diameter (Seenote #1) 6.001 to 72000 0130 | 0100 12001 & over 018s | 0125 Rererence Notes 6 =Hale Size 000126000 2108 | 0078 _| 1, These tolerances do na nclude allowance for Depth 6.001 to 12.00 130 | 0100 aging characteristics of mater (See note #5) = Sere aaa a anes onze | 2 Tolerances are based on 3.175 mm wall section 3. Parting line must be taken into consideration. pad 4 Part design should maintain wall thickness as ——— eran seco | 0760 nearly constant as possible. Complete uniformity Faetness ‘0.000 0 76.000 030 | 0250 inthis dimension is sometimes impossible to achieve. Wals of non-uniform thickness should (See note #4) 75001 to 180.000 oso | 0380 be gradually blended from thick to thin. 5. Care mustbe taken thatthe ratio ofthe depth of Internal 1 Throng Size = : 2 cored hole tots ciameter doss not reach a (Chass) Extornal 1 2 point that wil result in excessive pin damege. 5 6. These values shouldbe increased whenever Concentricity (Seenote ra) (Fim) | 0255 | 0.125 onpedhie nih anced desman rood Draft Alowance ‘riding tet Per Side (Soe note #5) 10° ost 7. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary ‘Surface Finish (See note #7) Cees Color Stability (See note #) Copyright ©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Inc Revised 1991 65‘Note: The Comercial valves shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economi resent closer tolerances that can be held but at a greater cost. Any addition of filers will compromise physical valu Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders properties andalter dimensional stability. Please consultthe manufacturer. Material Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN) level. The Fine Drawing Dimensions Pus orMinusin Thousands ofan inch cu (inches) 5 10 8 2 B ooo aN ‘A= Diamster 1.000 (See note #1) | 22000 B= Depth 3 (See te) om 2 Ye % C= Height é (See mote 43) aa 5.000 i | | 6000 | 6000t0 12.000 Comms [Fine foreach additonal 1 inch addtinches) | oom | oats D = Bottom Wall {See note #3) coos | nots E=Side Wall (See note #4) oc | oomrs 40001 0125 coz | 00 0.126 190280 ocr | 0001 (Seenote 1) 0251 90500 oc | oomrs 0501 & over mos | coms Rerenence Nores G=Hole Size o99010 0750 O02 | 0001 _| 1. These tolerances do notincude allowance for Depth 025110 0800 eos | 00 ‘aging characteristics ofmeterial (Seenote #5) r 204 on 0.125 inch wal section. Ta oma} oe | 2 Tolerances are based an 0.125 inch wall sect ze 4. Pantng ine must be taken nto consideration = Comers, ear 7 4, Part design shoud maintain a wal thickness as —— a 2680 _| 0025 |" neatiy constant as sossibe. Complete uniformity eines ‘20000 8000| ‘002 | ao09 | _ inthiscimensionis sometimes impossible to achive. Walsofnon-unform thickness should {See note #8) ‘001 6000| be gradualiy blended from thick to thin, 5. Care must be taten thatthe ratio of the depth of Thread Size = a cored hole tots ciameter does not eacha (Cass) External point that wl-esultin excessive pin damage. 6. These values shouldbe increased whenever Concentricity (See note aa) (FIM) | stleaih decked dacge en cond Drak Alowence molaing techniques. Per Side (See note) 20 | 7. customer-Molder understanding is necessary | porto trofing Surface Finish (See note) Color St (See note 7) Copyright (©The Society of The Plastics Industry, luc Revised 1991 66Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Material Styrene-Acrylonitrle (SAN) "Note: The Commercial values shown below represent common production tolerances atthe most economical level. The Fine values represent closer tolerances that can be held but ata greater cost. Any adéition of files will compromise physical properties and alter dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. Drawing Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands ofan Milimeter Code (eum) so___ 10 20300 35040050500 T TS ] | Asbiometer | —_t—t - (See note #1) NK { 2 i BeDepth | (See note #3) - a i : | C= Height | | (See note #3) cl 15 7 10 15010 300 Comm. | Fine for each ditional 5 msn 248 (mm) ons | 0038 D = Bottom Wal! (Seenote #3) ams | 00s E-= Side Wall (See note #4) 0055 | 0.038 1000 to 3.00 ons | 002s ee 3001 to 6000 080 | 002s {See nate) {6001 to 12000 os | 0038 12001 & aver one | 0038 Rereaence Notes G=Hide Size 0000'e Sono oop | 005 |. These tolerances do notinclude allowance for Bent 001 to 1200 oe | 0050 aging characterises of material, ee nate 5) amiga can | om 2. Tolerances are based on 3.175 mm wall section Parting line must be taken ito consideration H= Comers, Part design should maintain a wall thickness as ena tae . art design should maintain wal thickness a = come Ae nearly constant a possible. Complete uniformity Fatness ‘20000 75.000 ams | ozo inthis mension is sometimes impossible to ‘achieve. Walls of non-uniform thickness should (Seenote #4) 75.001 to 150.000 be gradually blended from thick to thin, ier Care must be taken thatthe ratio ofthe depth of pies at 2 coredhole tots diameter doesnot reach a Ca External [ point that will resultin excessive pin damage = 7 These values shouldbe increased whenever coc eer ee) compatible wth desired design and good Draft Alowence rolding techniques. caste (Seoncters) | 20" is Customes-Molder understanding is necessary Surface Finish (See note #7) ee Color Stability (Seenote #1) Copyright| ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1993 67; Material Standards & Practices Thermoplastic Polyester of Plastics Molders {TPPE) ‘ota: The Commercialvalues shown below represent common production taerances et tie most econamicel evel. The Fino values represent closer tolerances that canbe held but ata greater cost Any eddtion of filers will compromise physical properties and alter dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacturer. Drawing Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands ofan inch (See note) ade (inches) 5 a a fa A ‘000 ow ——T| \ ‘ns Diameter 1000 (See note et) \ 2.000 8 = Depth (See note #3) 4 00 4 . x ght (Seo note #3) thea) 50 \ 6.000 so00t0 120 [Comms | Finer foreach addtional inch adlinches) | 0001s | 001 = Botiom Wall {See note 3) 02 | a0ors = Side Wal (See note #4) oz | aos 0.00 0126 aor | a0007 F=Hole Size 0.126 to 0.250 0.001 0.0007 0261 %0 0500 gor | a00o7 0501 & over aos | a0 Rerenence Nores Late) aca oe 1. These tolerances do not include allowance for asia aco | coer | ating characteristics of materia 2. This dimension is function of mod design and 0501101000, cacors | acon | constuction. 3, Parting ine must be taken nto consideration. Fe, Fle 0.0250 0082 mes | aos | & Pertdesion should maintain a wallthickness os nearly constants possible. Complete uniformity Flamess {.900%0 3000, 0008 | 0006 | inthis dimensions sometimes imposible to achieve. Walls of non-uniform thickness should (See nator) 01106000 010 | 0008 | be gradual blended tram tick thin. § Thosotoerances donot apply to screw treads, Thread Size Inverel 2eth or match fits, Provisions can usually (Cass) External ‘be made to hold this type of dimension to close limits Concostnany, {See note 2)(F.1M) 6, These values should be considered minimum. . The designer should allow as much drat asis Pca as a2 compatible withthe design. iberl use of draft will inne jection problems, and reduce distortion custo ejection 1. Custamor-Molder understanding is necessary prior to toon ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1993Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders values shown below represent common production terances atthe most econamicel level The Fine values ropresent closer tolerances that can be held but at a greater cost. Any adtiton of filers will compromise physical properti end ater dimensional stability. Please consult the manufacture. ‘Note: The Commer Material Thermoplastic Polyester (TPPE) Drawing Dimensions Plus or Minus in Thousands ofan Milimeter (See note #5) a Gd 50100150 007503003804) ameter 2% (See note #1) 0 B=Depth (Seencte 2) es & teght a (See.note #3) us 1 150 1800 300 Comm: | Fines | for each additonal 25mm at mm) nse | 002s D=Battom Wall (See note #3) aoc | one E= Side Wall (See note #4) 0060 | onse 1000 8.000 00s | aoe F=Hole Size £001 to 6.00 0s | 0018 {8001 to 12000 a0 | one 12001 & over oo | mes erenence Notes GeHole Sze ane 0025 | 0018 _| 1. these tolerances do notinclude allowance for Depth 001 to 12.000 ams | ane | _ *eingcharacteristics of m 2. This dimension isa function of mold design and 12.001 to 25.00 ange | 0025 | construction. icant 2 Parting fine must be taken nto consideration. Ribs, Filets 0900-2600 ants | apts | 4 Partdesign should maintain a wall thickness as neariy constant as possible. Compete uniformity Fatness ‘4000 75.000 axsz | 0100 | inthis mensions sometimesimpossibieto achiave. Wals of non-uniform thickness should (See note #4) 7001 to 150.000 azss_| 0182 | be gradually blended from thick to thin. 5, These tolerances donot apply to screw threads, mal Het eed = gear teeth or match is, Provisions can usualy Co Extoral be made tohold tis type of dimension to close limite, Concentricity (See note #2) (FM) 6. Those values shouldbe considered minimum, Draft Alowance a cone 05 _| 025" | it minimize ejection problems, and reduce Surface Finish {See note #7) distortion due to ejection. 1. Customer-Molder understanding is necessary Color Stability (Seenote #7) prior to tooling Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1993 ©of Plastics Moiders Standards & Practices Glossary Glossary of Terms This glossary of terms is published for the convenience of plastics molders and their customers by the Molders Division of The Society of the Plastics Industry. a A-STAGE - See THERMOSET ABSORPTION and ADSORPTION - See MOISTURE. ACCUMULATOR - (a) A device for conserving ener- 2 in hydraulic systems of molding equipment. (b) An auxiliary ram extruder used to provide fast material delivery in a molding machine. ADDITIVE - A material added ¢o resin prior to its being molded or formed to add a desired property or characteristic to the finished product. ADIABATIC - Referring to any change in which there is no gain or loss of heat. AGING - The change of a material with time under defined natural or synthetic environmental conditions, leading to improvement or deterioration of properties. Accelerated aging is a means whereby deterioration is reproduced in the laboratory in a shorter period of time. ALLOY - Composite material made by blending poly- ‘mers or copolymers with other polymers or elastomers under selected conditions, eg. styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resins blended, with butadiene-acrylonitrile rubbers. ALPHA-CELLULOSE -A very pure cellulose used as 2 filler, particularly with amino plastics resins. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE - Temperature of the medi- lum surrounding an object. Used to denote prevailing room temperature. AMINO - Indicates the presence of an - NH2 or - NH group. AMORPHOUS - Devoid of erystalinty. ANGLE PRESS - A hydraulic molding press equipped with horizontal and vertical rams,and specially designed for the production of complex moldings containing deep undercuts. ANNEAL - (1) To heat a molded plastic article to a pre+ determined temperature and slowly cool it,to relieve stresses. (2) To heat steel to a predetermined temperature above the critical range and slowly cool it, to relieve stresses and reduce hardness, (Annealing of molded or machined parts may be done dry, as in an ‘oven, or wet, as in a heated tank of mineral ol.) ANTIOXIDANT -A substance added in a material to inhibit oxidation. ANTISTATIC AGENTS (ANTISTATS) - Agents which, when added to the molding material or applied on the surface of the molded part, make it less conduct- ing (thus hindering the fixation of dust) ARTIFICIAL AGING - The accelerated testing of plastic specimens to determine their changes in properties. Carried out over a short period of time, such tests are indicative of what may be expected of a material under service conditions over extended periods. Typical inves- tigations include those for dimensional stability; the effect of immersion in water, chemicals and solvents ight stability; and resistance to fatigue. ‘ASTM - Abbreviation for American Society for Testing and Materials. AUTOCLAVE MOLDING - A modification of Pres- sure Bag molding in which the entire reinforced plastic layer is placed in a steam heated vessel. Copyright OThe Society of the Pi lastics Industry, Inc Revised 1991 nof Plastics Molders AUTOMATIC MOLD - A mold for injection, compression or transfer molding that repeatedly goes through the entire molding cycle, including ejection, without human assistance. B-STAGE - See THERMOSET BACK PRESSURE - (| ) pressure against the free flow of material during extruder running (plasticating) which ‘causes the material to have a high mixing action. This Pressure comes from the material resisting the forward ‘movement of the material in the extruder or an exter- rally controlled hydraulic pressure put against the movement of the extruder in a reciprocation screw machine to create this greater mixing action. (2) Resis- tance of a material, because of its viscosity, to continue flow when mold is closing. BACK TAPER - (BACK DRAFT) Reverse draft used in mold to prevent molded articles from drawing freely. (UNDERCUT, REVERSE DRAFT, COUNTERDRAFT) BACKING PLATE - In mold construction, a plate used a a support for the cavity blocks, guide pins, bushings, etc. (SUPPORT PLATE) BAG MOLDING - A method of applying pressure or vacuum during molding, using a flexible membrane in contact with the product. BAKELITE - A commercial name for phenolic and other plastics materials, often used indiscriminately to describe any phenolic molding material or molding. The name is derived from that of Dr. Leo Hendrik Baekeland (1863-1944),a Belgian who developed phe- rnolic resins in the early 1900's. Bakelite is now owned by Union Carbide. BANANA GATE - Curved shape that wraps over or under the part with a curved shape that will break away from the part like a tunnel gate. Standards & Practices Glossary BARREL - (EXTRUDER) In injection molding. extrusion cr bottle blowing equipment, it is the hollow tube in which the plastic material is gradually heated and melt- ‘ed and from which itis extruded, BISCUIT - (PREFORM). BLEED - (1) To give up color when in contact with water or a solvent. (2} Undesired movement of certain materials in a plastic (e.g plasticizers in vinyl) to the surface of the finished article or into an adjacent material. Also called “Migration.” (3) An escape passage at the parting line of a mold, ike @ vent, but deeper, which allows material to escape or bleed out. BLISTER -A raised area on the surface ofa molded part caused by the pressure of gases or air inside it or in an incompletely hardened part surface. BLOOM -A visible exudation or efflorescence on the ‘surface of a plastic. Bloom can be caused by lubricant, plasticizer, etc. See LUBRICANT BLOOM. BLOW MOLDING - (1 ) A molding process primarily used to produce hollow objects. (2) A molding process in which a hollow tube (parison) is forced into a shape of the mold cavity using internal air pressure. There are ‘two primary types: Injection Blow Molding and Extru- sion Blow Molding. BLOW PIN -A hollow pin which is inserted or made to contact the blowing mold so that the blowing media can be introduced into the parison or hollow form and expand it te conform to the mold cavity. BLOW PRESSURE - The pressure (internal) used to form a hollow part by Blow Molding. BLOW RATE - The speed or rate that the blowing air or media enters ot the time required to expand the parison (tube) or form during the blow molding cycle. BLOW-UP RATIO -The ratio of the mold cavity diameter to the diameter of the parison or hollow form to be blown up. (SIMILAR TO DRAW DOWN RATIO.) ‘Copyright ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. Revised 1998BLOWING AGENTS (foaming agents) - An additive which is capable of producing a cellular structure in a plastics or rubber mass. GASEOUS BLOWING AGENT -A compressed gas, such as compressed ait or nitrogen, which is used to create a cellular structure or controlled voids in a rubber or plastics mass. BLUEING OFF -The checking of the accuracy of mold cutoff surfaces by putting a thin coating of Prussian Blue ‘on one-half and checking the blue transfer to the other half BLUSH - A term used to describe the tendency of a plastic to turn white or chalky in areas that are highly stressed: ie. GATE BLUSH. BMC - Bulk Molding Compounc:a puttylike mixture of thermoset resin with initiator(s), filers, reinforcement and other additives. BOLSTER - Spacer or filler in a mold. BOSS - Projection on a plastic part designed to add strength, to facilitate alignment during assembly, to provide for fastening, etc. BOTTOM PLATE - Part of the mold which contains the heel radius and the push-up. BREAKER PLATE -A perforated plate located at the end of an extruder or at the nozzle end of an injection cylinder It often supports the screens that prevent foreign particles from entering the die, and is used to keep Lunplasticized material out ofthe nozzle and to improve distribution of color particles. BREATHING - The opening and closing of a mold to allow gases to escape early in the molding cycle. Also called degassing, When referring to plastic sheeting, “breathing” indicates permeability to air ‘BRINELL HARDNESS - Similar to ROCKWELL HARD- NESS (qx). BUBBLE - A spherical, internal void; globule of air or other gas trapped within a plastic. See VOID. Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders BUBBLER - A device inserted into a mold face, cavity or core, which allows water to flow deep inside the hole into which i is inserted and to discharge through the open end of the hole. Uniform cooling of the molds and of isolated mold sections can be achieved in this manner. BULK DENSITY -The density of a molding material in loose form (granular, nodular, etc.) expressed as a ratio of weight to volume (e.g. g/em3 or Ib/ft3). BULK FACTOR - Ratio of the volume of loose molding powder to the volume of the same weight of resin after molding. BURNED - Showing evidence of thermal decomposition through some discoloration, distortion, or localized destruction of the surface of the plastic. BURN, BURN MARK) c C-STAGE - See THERMOSET CAPROLACTAM - A cyclic amide type compound, containing 6 carbon atoms. When the ring is opened, caprolactam is polymerizable into a nylon resin known as type-6 nylon or polycaprolactam. CARBON BLACK -A black pigment produced by the incomplete burning of natural gas or oil. leis widely used as a filler, panicularly in the rubber industry, and wirelcable applications, Because it possesses useful ultraviolet protective prope! also much used in molding compounds intended for outside weather- ing applications. CASE HARDEN -To harden the surface of a piece of steel to a relatively shallow depth. Copyright (©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1991 Bof Plastics Molders CAST -To form a “plastic” object by pouring or inject- ing a luid monomer-polymer or using a plastic mixture which solidifies into an open mold where it finishes poly- merizing. CAVITY - Depression in mold, which usually forms the outer surface of the molded part; depending on number of such depressions, molds are designated as a single cavity mold,a multi-cavity mold, or a family cavity mold. CAVITY RETAINER PLATE « Plates in a mold which hold the cavities. These plates are at the mold parting line and usually contain the guide pins and bushings. CELLULAR PLASTICS - Foamed plastics. CELLULOSE - A natural high polymeric carbohydrate found in most animal and plant life and a building block for natural and synthetic cellulose plastics. CENTER GATED MOLD - An injection or transfer mold wherein the cavity is filled with molding material through a sprue or gate directly into the center of the part. CENTRIFUGAL MOLDING or CASTING - See ROTA- TIONAL MOLDING. CHALKING - Dry, challclke appearance or deposit on the surface of a plastic. See HAZE and BLOOM. CHARGE - The measurement or weight of material used to load a mold at one time or during one cycle. CHARPY -A type of pendulum IMPACT test for tough- ness. CHASE -An enclosure of any shape, used to: (a) shrink: fit parts of a mold cavity in place; (b) prevent spreading cr distortion in hobbing;(c) enclose an assembly of two ‘or more parts of a split cavity block, CHEMICAL RESISTANCE - Ability of a material to retain utlity and appearance following contact with chemical agents. Standards & Practices Glossary CHROMIUM PLATING -An electrolytic process that deposits a hard film of chromium metal onto working surfaces of other metals where resistance to corrosion, abrasion, andlor erosion is needed. CLAMPING AREA-The largest rated molding arez an injection or transfer press can hold closed under full molding pressure, CLAMPING FORCE (CLAMPING PRESSURE) - In jection molding and in transfer molding the pressure which is applied to the mold to keep it closed against the fluid pressure of the compressed molding material within the mold cavity (cavities) and the runner system. CLAMPING PLATE -A plate fitted to a mold and used to fasten mold to a molding machine. CLARITY - Material clearness or lack of haze. CLOSURE - A device used to seal off the opening of the bottle, so as to prevent loss of its contents. (COEFFICIENT OF EXPANSION -The fractional change ina specified dimension (sometimes volume) of a material for a unit change in temperature.Values for plastics range from O.01 to O.2mils!in.oC. (ASTM D 696). COINJECTION - Two or more plastic materials may be injected simultaneously or sequentially in a special ly designed injection molding machine. COLD FLOW- See CREEP COLD MOLDING -A procedure in which a composition is shaped at room temperature and cured by subsequent baking. COLD SHOT - Incomplete parts which are formed while cycling a molding machine during heat up. COLD SLUG - The first material to enter an injection mold; so called because in passing through sprue orifice it is cooled below the effective molding temperature. Copyright ” ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Ine. Revised 1991COLD SLUGWELL- Space provided directly opposite the sprue opening in an injection mold to trap the cold slug. COLOR CONCENTRATE - A mixture of a measured amount of dye or pigment and a specific plastic material base. A more precise color can be obtained using concentrates rather than using raw colors. Note: Care should be taken to verify that the color concentrate base is compatible with the plastic itis to be used to color. Color concentrate is normally used at 1-4% of the plastic material to be colored. COMBINATION MOLD - See FAMILY MOLD. COMPOUND -A mixture of polymer(s) with all materials necessary for the finished product. COMPRESSION MOLD -A mold which is open when the material is introduced and which shapes the material by heat and by the pressure of closing: used in compression molding. COMPRESSION MOLDING - A technique of thermoset molding in which the molding compound (generally preheated) is placed in the heated open mold cavity, mold is closed, under pressure (usually in an hydraulic press) causing the material co flow and completely fill the cavity, pressure being held until the material has cured. COMPRESSION RATIO - In an extruder or tnjec- tion/blow molder screw, the ratio of volume available in the first fight at the hopper to the last fight at the end of the screw. ‘COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH - Crushing load at the failure of a specimen divided by the original sectional area of the specimen. (ASTM D 695). CONCENTRICITY - (1) The relationship of all circular surfaces to other circular surfaces with the same center: (2) Relationship of all inside dimensions to all ‘outside dimension, usually as with diameter, expressed in thousandths of an inch LM. (FULL INDICATOR MOVEMENT). Deviation from CONCENTRICITY is ‘many times referred to as"“RUNOUT.” Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Glossary CONDITIONING - The subjection of a material to a stipulated treatment so that it will respond in a uniform way to subsequent testing or processing. The term is, frequently used to refer to the treatment given to specimens before testing. ASTM standard conditions for a plastic testing laboratory are 23°C + 2°C (73.4°F + 3.6°F) and 50% + 5% relative humidity. CONVERGENT DIE - A die in which the internal channels leading to the orifice come together at one point. COOLING CHANNELS - Channels or passageways located within the body of a mold through which a cook ing medium can be circulated to control temperature on the mold surface. May also be used for heating a mote by circulating steam, hot oil or other heated fluid ‘through channels as in molding of the thermosetting and some thermoplastic materials, COOLING FIXTURE - Block of metal or wood holding the shape of a moldod piece which is used to ‘maintain the proper shape or dimensional accuracy of a molding after itis removed from the mold until itis cooled enough to retain its shape without further appreciable distortion. Alsocalled: SHRINK FIXTURE. COPOLYMER -A polymer produced by polymerization of two or more monomers. CORE - (1) Male element in die which produced a hole or recess in a part. (2) Part of a complex mold that molds undercut parts. Cores are usually withdrawn to one side before the main sections of the mold open. (3) A channel in a mold for circulation of a heat-transfer medium. (4) The central member of a laminate. CORE PIN - Pin used co mold a hole. CORE PIN PLATE - Plate holding core pins. CORE ROD - A rod used to form the internal config- ration of an injection blow molded parison or preform. Copyright ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Ine sCORING - ( |) (molded part design) - The removal of excess material from the cross section of a molded part ‘to attain a more uniform wall thickness. (2) The method of sizing and shaping a bottle opening by appropriate tools. CORONA TREATMENT « Exposing a plastic part to corona discharge to increase receptivity to inks, lacquers, paints, adhesives, etc. A type of SURFACE TREATING. COUPLING AGENT - Treatment of glass fibers to ‘ensure proper bonding between glass fiber and plastic material. CRAZING - Fine cracks which may extend in a net- work on or under the surface or through a layer of plastic material, CREEP - The dimensional change with time of a material under load, following the inital instantaneous elastic deformation. Creep at room temperature is sometimes called COLD FLOW. (ASTM D 674). CRYSTALLINITY - A state of molecular structure in some resins which denotes uniformity and compactness of the molecular chains forming the polymer. Normal- ty can be attributed to the formation of solid crystals having a definite geometric form. Higher crystallinity usually causes a polymer to be fess transparent. ‘CULL- Material remaining in a transfer chamber after mold has been filed. Unless there is a slight excess in the charge, the operator cannot be sure cavity is filled. CURE - To change the physical properties of a mater- fal by chemical reaction, which may be condensation, polymerization, or vulcanization; usually accomplished by the action of heat and catalysts, alone or in combination, with or without pressure. CURING TEMPERATURE - Temperature at which a cast, molded, or extruded product a resin-impregnat- ‘ed reinforcing material,an adhesive, etc.,is subjected to curing Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders CURING TIME - ( 1 ) In the molding of thermosetting plastics, the interval of time between the instant of ces- sation of relative movement between the moving parts cof a mold and the instant that pressure is released. (2) ‘The time between when the injection pressure stops and the mold opens. CUTOFF - In compression molding, the line where the ‘two halves of a mold come together. Also called FLASH GROOVE, PINCH-OFF and SHUT-OFF in other operations. CYCLE -The complete, repeating sequence of operations in a process or part of a process. In molding, the cycle time is the period, or elapsed time, between a certain point in one cycle and the same point in the next. DAYLIGHT OPENING - Clearance between two platens of a press in the open position. DEBOSS(ED) - An indent or cut in design (depressed design) or lettering of a surface. DEFLASHING - Covers the range of finishing techniques used to remove the flash (excess,unwanted material) ‘ona plastic molding, such as fling, sanding, milling, tum bling, wheelabrating, etc. DEGASSING - See BREATHING. DEGRADATION -A deleterious change in the chemical structure physical properties and/or appearance of a plastic, usually caused by exposure to heat. DELAMINATION - The splitting of a piastic material along the plane of its layers. Physical separation or loss of bond between laminate plies. DELIQUESCENCE/DELIQUESCENT - Attraction of ‘moisture from the air.unti the material becomes a sat- uurated liquid. Copyright 16 (©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. Revised 1991Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders DENSITY - Weight per unit volume of a substance, expressed in grams per cubic centimeter, or pounds per cubic foot, DESICCANT - Substance which can be used for dry- ing purposes because of its affinity for water, DESTATICIZATION - Treating plastics materials to rminimize their accumulation of static electricity,and sub- sequently, the amount of dust picked up by the plastics because of such charges. See ANTISTATIC AGENTS. DETERIORATION -A permanent change in the physical properties of a plastic evidenced by impairment of these properties. DIAPHRAGM GATE - Gate used in molding annular or tubular articles. Gate forms a solid web across the ‘opening of the part. DIE -An exactly shaped metal block or device used to shape metal, plastics or other materials. DIE GAP - In blow molding, the distance between the ‘mandrel and die in the blowing head.This clearance gov- cerns the thickness of the extruded parison and thus the thickness of the walls of the finished part. DIE SWELL RATIO - The ratio of the outer parison diameter (or parison thickness) to the outer diameter (or die gap). DIELECTRIC CONSTANT - Normally the relative dielectric constant; for practical purposes, the ratio of the capacitance of an assembly of two electrodes separated solely by a plastics insulating material to its capacitance when the electrodes are separated by air. A relative measure of non-conductance. DIELECTRIC HEATING - (Electronics heating or RF heating) The plastic to be heated forms the dielectric of a condenser to which is applied a high frequency (20 to 80 mc.) voltage. Dielectric loss in the material is the basis. Process used for sealing vinyl films and preheating thermoset molding compounds. Glossary DIELECTRIC STRENGTH - The electric voltage gra- dient at which an insulating material is broken down or “agreed through." in volts per mil of thickness. DIMENSIONAL STABILITY - Ability ofa plastic part to retain the precise shape in which it was molded, fabricated or cast DIMENSIONS (BLOW MOLDING) “E" Dimension - On a threaded bottle neck (finish), the measurement across the root of the threads. “H1" Dimension - (I) Ona threaded bottle neck (finish), the measurement from the top of the finish to the point where diameter” extended parallel to the centerline intersects the shoulder of bead. (2) The inside height of the closure, measured from the bottom of the closure in a line tangent to the threads of the closure and terminating at the inside top of the closure. “I” Dimension - A specified minimum dimension inside the bottle neck that will allow sufficient clearance for filer tubes to enter the bottle neck. “L” Dimension - Measured from the top of the finish to the point where diameter “E” extended parallel to centerline intersects the bead. “S” Dimension - Locates the position of the bottle thread with respect to the top of the finish. It is a vertical distance from the top of the finish to the intersection of the finish wall and the top of the frst part of the bottle where full depth contour exists. “T" Dimension - The outside diameter of the thread helix on a bottle finish 'W" Dimension - The width (vertical height) of the neck band on certain bottle finishes. DISC GATE - See DIAPHRAGM GATE DISCOLORATION - Any change from the original color, often caused by overheating, light exposure, ira- diation, or chemical attack. Copyright ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. Revised 1991 7of Plastics Molders DISHED - Showing a symmetrical distortion of a flat or curved section of a plastic object, so that as normally viewed, it appears concave, or more concave than intended. DISPERSION - Finely divided particles of material in sus- pension in another substance. DIVERGENT DIE -A die in which the internal channels leading to the orifice go in different directions from a common point of each other. (Applicable only to dies for hollow bodies, such as BLOW MOLDING). DOMED - Showing a symmetrical distortion of a flat or curved section of a plastic object, so that, as normally viewed, it appears convex,or more convex than intended. See WARP. DOWEL - Pin used to maintain alignment between two or more parts of a mold. DRAFT - The degree of taper ofa side wall or the angle of clearance designed to facilitate removal of parts from a mold, DRY COLORING - Method commonly used by fabri- cators for coloring plastic by tumble blending uncolored particles of the plastic material with selected dyes and pigments. DUCTILITY - The extent to which a solid material can be drawn into a thinner cross section without breaking. DUPLICATE CAVITY PLATE - Removable plate that retains cavities, used where two-plate operation is necessary for loading inserts, etc. DUROMETER HARDNESS -The hardness of a mate- tial as measured by the Shore Durometer: Indentation Hardness. DWELL- (1) A pause in the application of pressure to a mold, made just before the mold is completely closed, to allow the escape of gas from the thermoset molding material, (2) The time between when the injection ram is fully forward holding pressure on the material within the mold until the time the ram retracts. Standards & Practices Glossary DYES - An intensely colored synthetic or natural organic chemical which is soluble in most common solvents and dissolves in the plastic substrate while imparting color. Characterized by good transparency, high tincturial strength, and low specific gravity. EJECTION -The removal of the finished part from the mold cavity by mechanical means. EJECTOR PIN - Or EJECTOR SLEEVE - A rod, pin or sleeve which pushes a molding off of a force or out of a cavity of a mold. It is attached to an ejector bar or plate which can be actuated by the ejector ros(s) or the press or by auxiliary hydraulic or air cylinders. EJECTOR PIN RETAINER PLATE - Retainer plate into which ejector pins are assembled. EJECTOR RETURN PINS - Projections that push the ejector assembly back as the mold closes; also called Safety Pin, and Position Pushbacks. EJECTOR ROD OR BAR - A bar that actuates the ejector assembly when mold is opened. ELASTIC DEFORMATION - The part of the deformation of an object under load which is recoverable when the load is removed. ELASTICITY -That property of a material by virtue of which i tends to recover its original size and shape after deformation. Ifthe strain is proportional to the applied stress, the material is said to exhibit Hookean or ideal elasticity. ELASTOMER -A material which at room temperature can be stretched repeatedly under low stress to at least twice its length and snaps back to the original length ‘upon release of stress. See RUBBER, ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MACHINING (EDM) - A metal working process applicable to mold construction in which controlled sparking is used to erode away the work piece. Copyright B ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. Revised 1991Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders ELECTROFORMED MOLDS - A mold made by electroplating metal on the reverse pattern on the cavity. Molten stee! may be then sprayed on the back of the mold to increase its strength. ELECTROPLATING - Deposition of metals on certain plastics and mold for finish ELONGATION -The fractional increase in length of a material stressed in tension, before rupture. EMBOSSING -Techniques used to create depressions of a specific pattern in plastics film and sheeting. Such ‘embossing isin the form of surface patterns on molded part by the treatment of the mold surface by photoengraving or other process. ENDOTHERMIC - Pertaining to an action or reaction which absorbs heat, ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CRACKING (ESC)-The susceptibility of a thermoplastic article to crack or craze formation under the influence of certain chemicals or aging or weather, and stress. Standard ASTM test methods that include requirements for environmental stress cracking are indexed in Index of ASTM Standards. ETCH -To treat a mold with an acid, leaving parts of the mold which remain in relief to form the desired design on the bottle. EUTECTIC - Pertaining to a specific mixture of two or more materials which has a lower melting point than any of the constituents or any other mixture of these constituents. EXOTHERM - (1)The temperature/time curve of a ‘chemical reaction giving off heat, particularly the polymerization of casting resins. (2) The amount of heat given off in an exothermic action or reaction.The term has not been standardized with respect to sample size,ambi- ‘ent temperature, degree of mixing, etc. EXOTHERMIC - Pertaining to an action or reaction which gives off heat. Glossary EXTRUSION - The plasticizing of a material in an EXTRUDER (barrel and screw or plunger assembly) and forcing of the molten material or EXTRUDATE through a die or into a mold. The initial part of the molding process. EXTRUSION BLOW MOLDING - A type of blow ‘molding where the parison is formed in open air by an extrusion process. EXTRUSION PLASTOMER - An instrument used to determine MELT FLOW INDEX (MFI). f FABRICATE - To work a material into a finished form by machining, forming, or other operation. In the broadest sense it means to manufacture. FAMILY MOLD - (1) A multiccavity mold wherein each of the cavities form as a part which has a direct relationship in usage to the other parts in the mold. Family ‘molds can have more than one cavity making the same part but they will stil always have that same direct rela- tlonship to usage. (2) multi-cavity mold wherein each of the cavities forms one of the component parts of the assembled finished object. The term often applied to molds wherein parts from different customers are grouped together in one mold for economy of production. Sometimes called COMBINATION MOLD. FAN GATE -A shallow gate somewhat wider than the runner from which it extends. FIBER (FIBRE) - This term usually refers to thin fibers of glass which are used to reinforce both thermoplastic and thermosetting materials. One inch long fibers are occasionally used, but the more commonly used fiber lengths are 1/2” and 1/4”, or less. Copyright ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. Revised 1998 2DStandards & Practices of Plastics Molders FILL-AND-WIPE - Parts are molded with depressed designs, after application of paint, surplus paint is wiped off, leaving paint remaining only in depressed areas. ‘Sometimes called WIPE-IN. FILLER - An inert substance added to plastics for the purpose of improving physical properties or process- ability, or to reduce cost of the material. FILLET- A rounded filling of the internal angle between ‘two surfaces. FINES -Very small particles mixed in with larger particles. FINISH - (1) To complete the secondary work on a ‘molded part so that it is ready for use, Operations such as filing, deflashing, buffing, drilling, tapping, degating are commonly called finishing operations. (2) SURFACE FINISH. (3) The plastic forming the opening of a bottle shaped to accommodate a specific closure. (4) The ultimate surface structure of a part. FIXTURE - Means of holding a part during a machine or other operation. FLAME TREATMENT - A type of SURFACE TREAT- MENT which oxidizes a plastic surface for better reception of paint, inks, and adhesives. FLAMMABILITY - Measure of the extent to which a material will support combustion. FLASH - Extra plastic attached to a molding along the parting line; under most conditions it would be objec- tionable and must be removed before the parts are acceptable. FLASH GATE - Usually a long gate extending from a runner which runs parallel toan edge of a molded part along the flash or parting line of the mold. FLASH GROOVE - See CUT-OFF. FLASH LINE - A raised line appearing on the surface of a molding and formed at the junction of mold faces. See PARTING LINE, Glossary FLASH MOLD - A mold in which the mold faces are perpendicular to the clamping action of the press, so that the higher the clamping force, the tighter the mold seam. FLEXIBLE MOLDS - Molds made of rubber or elastomeric plastics used for casting plastics. They can be stretched to remove cured pieces with undercuts. FLEXURAL STRENGTH - At of a material to flex without permanent distortion or breaking (ASTM D 790) FLOW - (1) a qualitative description of the fluidity of a plastic material during the process of molding. (2) a quantitative value of fluidity when expressing a MELT FLOW INDEX. FLOW LINE -Amark on a molded piece made by the meeting of two flow fronts during molding. Also called WELD LINE or WELD MARK. FLOW MARKS -Wavy surface appearance on a mold- ‘ed object caused by improper flow of the material into the mold. See SPLAY MARKS, FOAMED PLASTICS - Resins in sponge form. The sponge may be flexible or rigid, the cells closed or interconnected, the density anything from that of the solid parent resin down to,in some cases 2 Ib/ cu. foot. (CELLULAR PLASTICS) FOIL DECORATING - Molding paper. textile, or plastic foils printed with compatible inks directly into a plastic pan so that the foil is visible below the surface of the part as integral decoration. FORCE - (1) (PHYSICS) That which changes the state of rest or motion in matter, measured by the rate of, change of MOMENTUM, (NEWTON) (2) That portion of the mold which forms the inside of the molded part. Sometimes called a CORE or a PLUNGER. FORCE PLATE - The plate that carries the plunger or force plug of a mold and guide pins or bushings. Copyright 80 ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. Revised 1998,of Plastics Molders FRICTION WELDING - See SPIN WELDING. FULL INDICATOR MOVEMENT (FLM,) - A term in current use to identify tolerance with respect to CON- CENTRICITY. “Former Practices” terms are FULL INDICATOR READING (FIR) or (TLR) TOTAL INDI- CATOR READING "RUNOUT” & GARDNER -A ype of drop weight IMPACT testing. GAS ASSISTED INJECTION MOLDING (GAM) -An injection molding process which utilizes a special adap- tation of introducing a gas (usually nitrogen) into the plasticized material, to form voids in strategic foca- tions. GATE - In injection and transfer molding, the orifice through which the melt enters the cavity. GLASSTRANSITION POINT -The temperature range when a reversible change occurs in a polymer, indicat- ‘ed by the change from a viscous or rubbery state toa hard, brittle state. GLOSS -The shine or luster of the surface of a material, See SURFACE FINISH and SPECULAR GLOSS. (ASTM D 673) GRIT BLASTED - A surface treatment of a mold in which steel grit or sand materials are blown to the walls of the cavity to produce a roughened surface. Air escape from mold is improved and special appearance of molded article is often obtained by this method. GPC- GEL PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPH - Used to determine MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION. GUIDE PINS - Devices that maintain proper alignment of force plug and cavity as mold closes. Also called LEADER PINS, GUSSET - A piece used to give strength or additional size in 2 particular location of an object. Standards & Practices HARONESS - The resistance of a material to compression and indentation. Among the most important. methods of testing this property are Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness and Shore hardness. HAZE - The degree of cloudiness in a plastics materi- 2. HEAD - The end section of the molding machine that consists of the core, die, mandrel, mold or other parts necessary to form the plastic into a part. HEAT STABILITY - The resistance of a plastic material to chemical deterioration during processing. HEAT-DISTORTION POINT (HEAT DEFLECTION TEMPERATURE) -The temperature at which a standard test bar deflects 0.010 in. under a stated load of either 66 or 264 psi. (ASTM D 648). HEATING CHAMBER - In injection molding, that part of the machine in which the cold fead is reduced to a hot melt. Also called HEATING CYLINDER. HOB. master model in hardened steel used to sink the shape of a mold cavity into a soft steel block. HOBBING - Forming multiple mold cavities by forcing a hob (qx) into soft steel cavity blanks, Also called SINKING. HOMOPOLYMER -A polymer which is the product of the polymerization of a single monomer (repeating unit). HOPPER - A canical reservoir from which the molding powder or pellets feed into the extruder screw. HOTIHEATED MANIFOLD MOLD -A thermoplastic injection mold in which the portion of the mold which contains the runner system has its own heating elements which keep the molding material in a plastic state ready for injection into the cavities, from which the manifold is insulated. Copyright ©The Society of the Pl lasties Industry, Inc. Revised 1998, 81Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders HOT RUNNER MOLD - A thermoplastic injection mold in which the runners are insulated from the chilled cavities and remain hot 50 that the center of the runner never cools in normal cycle operation. Runners are not usually ejected with the molded pieces. Called INSULATED RUNNER MOLDS when heating elements are not used in mold. Note: A HEATED MANIFOLD MOLD is a HOT RUNNER MOLD which is both heated and insulated and an INSULATED MOLD is a HOT RUNNER MOLD which does not contain heaters. HOT-STAMPING - Engraving operation for marking plastics in which roll leaf is dyed or (metalized fol) stamped with heated metal dies onto the face of the plastics. Also called BRANDING. HYDROLYSIS - Chemical decomposition of a material involving the addition of water. HYGROSCOPIC -Tending to absor’ moisture from air. i IMPACT STRENGTH - (1) The ability of a material to withstand shock toading. (2) The work done in frac- turing, under shock loading. a specified test specimen in a specified manner. (3) The relative susceptibility of plastic articles to fracture under stress applied at high speeds: PENDULUM IMPACT (IZOD & CHARPY); DROP WEIGHT TEST (GARDNER & DART); TEN- ‘ILE IMPACT. INJECTION BLOW MOLDING - A blow moiding process in which the parison to be blown is formed in a mold, similar to injection molding. INJECTION MOLDING -A molding procedure whereby a heat-softened plastic material is fed into a cavity (mold) which gives the article the desired shape using a screw or ram. Used with both thermoplastic and thermosetting materials. Glossary INJECTION PRESSURE -The pressure in the mold during the injection of plasticized material into the mola cavity. Expressed in ps.i, with the hydraulic system pressure being used to indicate changes, when there are not sensors in the mold. INJECTION RAM - See RAM INSERT: An integral part of a plastics molding, consist- ing of metal or other material, which may be molded into position or may be pressed into the molding after the molding is completed. Also a removable or interchangeable component of the mold, \NSTRON - One of the common manufacturers of UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINES, IZOD-A type of pendulum IMPACT. j JETTING -Turbulent flow ot plastic from an undersized gate of thin section into a thicker mold section, as ‘opposed to laminar flow of material progressing radi- ally from a gate to the extremities of the cavity. May also result from shooting material into a mold cavity where there is no core or immediate cavity wall to break up the flow of che material coming through the gate. JIG -A device for holding parts and guiding the tool during machine or assembly operation. k KIRKSITE -An alloy of aluminum and zinc used for the construction of prototype molds; it imparts a high degree of heat conductivity to the mold. KNIT LINES - See FLOW LINE. KNOCKOUT PIN - See EJECTOR PIN. Copyright 82 ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. Revised 1998of Plastics Molders LAMINAR FLOW - Laminar flow of thermoplastic resins in a mold is accompanied by solidification of the layer in contact with the mold surface that acts as an insulating tube through which material flows to fill the remainder of the cavity This type of flow is essential to duplication of the mold surface. LAND - (I) The horizontal bearing surface of a semipositive or flash mold by which excess material escapes. See CUT-OFF. (2) The bearing surface along the top of. the flights of a screw in a screw extruder; (3) the surface of an extrusion die parallel to the direction of melt flow. (4) The bearing surfaces of any mold. (5) The gate ‘when entering a part has either one or two dimensions depending upon their shape. There is always one more dimension involved that is the length of the gate itself This would be called the LAND. On a round gate, itis. the second dimension. On a rectangular or square gate, it isthe third dimension LIGHT-RESISTANCE - The ability of a plastics material to resist fading after exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet light. (ASTM D 1501) LIGHT STABILITY is the measure of this resistance. LOADING TRAY -A device in the form of a specially designed tray which is used to load the charge of material or metal inserts simuftaneously into each cavity of a multi-cavity mold by the withdrawal of a sliding bottom from the tray. Also called CHARGING TRAY. LOSS FACTOR (electrical) -The product of the power factor and the dielectric constant of a dielectric mate~ rial, m MACERATE - (v.) To chop or shred fabric for use as a filler for a molding resin.- (n.) The molding compound obtained when so filled. Standards & Practices Glossary MACROMOLECULE - The large (grant) molecules which make up high polymers. MANDREL - The inner portion of the extrusion blow molder die head which is used to adjust parison wall thickness.Also called DIE PIN. MANIFOLD -A pipe channel, or mold with several inlets or outlets. MATCHED METAL (DIE) MOLDING - Method of molding reinforced plastics between two close fitting metal molds mounted in a press. MATERIAL WELL - Space provided in a compression mold to care for bulk factor of the material load. MATTE FINISH -A type of dull, non-reflective finish. See ‘SURFACE FINISH. MELT INDEX (M)) or MELT FLOW INDEX (MFI) - The ‘amount, in grams, of a thermoplastic resin which can be forced through a 0.0825 inch orifice when subjected to the prescribed force (grams) in 10 minutes at the prescribed temperature, (oC) using an Extrusion Plastometer. (ASTM D 1238). MELT STRENGTH - The strength of the plastic while in the molten state. MER - Polymer repeating unit. METER - SI length unit equal to 100 centimeters or 39.37 inches. METERING SCREW - An extrusion or injection molder screw which has a shallow constant depth, and constant pitch section, usually over the last 3 to 4 flights. MICA - Any of a group of mineral silicates crystallizing in monoclinic forms that readily separate into very thin leaves. Used as a filer for plastics molding materials. MIGRATION OF PLASTICIZER - Loss of plasticizer from an elastomeric plastic compound with subse- ‘quent absorption by an adjacent medium or lower plasticizer concentration. Copyright ©The Society of the Pl lastics Industry, Inc. Revised 1991 83Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders MIL ~ English Unit of length equal to 0.001 inch or 0.00254 centimeters. MODULUS OF ELASTICITY - The ratio of stress 10 strain in a material that is elastically deformed. (Below the proportional limit. YOUNGS MODULUS), (ASTM D790), MOISTURE - (1) ABSORPTION - The pickup of moisture from the atmosphere by a material which penetrates the interior; (2) ADSORPTION - Surface retention of moisture from the atmosphere. MOISTUREVAPOR TRANSMISSION RATE (MVTR) - ‘The rate at which water vapor permeates chrough a plastic film or wall ata specified temperature and relative humidity. (ASTM E 96). MOLD - (n.) A medium or tool designed to form desired shapes and sizes.- (v.) To process a plastics material using a mold MOLD RELEASE - (1) A lubricant used to coat a mold cavity to prevent the molded piece from sticking to it, and thus to facitate its removal from the mold. (2) Addi- tives put into material to serve as a mold release. Also called RELEASE AGENT. MOLDING - Used to describe a group of plastics processes using molds. MOLDING CYCLE - The period of time required to complete a cycle and produce a part/product. MOLDING MATERIAL- Plastics material in varying stages of granulation often comprising plastic or resin, filler, pigments, plasticizers and other ingredients, ready for use in the molding operation. Also called MOLD- ING COMPOUND or POWDER. MOLDING PRESSURE - (I) The pressure applied directly or indirectly on the compound to allow the complete transformation to a solid dense part. (2) The pressure developed by a ram or screw to push molten Plastic into a mold cavity. See INJECTION PRESSURE. Glossary MOLDING SHRINKAGE -The difference in dimensions, expressed in inches per inch, between a molding and the mold cavity in which it was molded, both the mold and molding being at normal room temperature when measured. Also called MOLD SHRINKAGE, and CONTRACTION. MOLECULAR WEIGHT (MW) (Average Molecular Weight) -The sum of the atomic masses of the elements forming the molecule, indicating the relative size typical chain length of the polymer molecule. MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION (MWD) Normally determined using a Gel Permeatron Chro- matograph (GPC), MWD is the plot of a fraction of a MW sphere versus the molecular weight. MONOMER -A low molecular weight reactive chemical which polymerizes to form a polymer. MORPHOLOGY - The study of the physical form and structure of a material MOVABLE PLATEN -The moving platen of an injection or compression molding machine to which half of the mold is secured during operation. This platen is moved either by a hydraulic ram or a toggle mechanism. MULTI-CAVITY MOLD -A mold having more than one cavity or impression for forming finished items at one machine cycle. NECKING - The localized reduction of cross-sectional area of an object. NEWTON -The SI Unit of force equal to approximately O11 tons. NOTCH SENSITIVITY-A measure of the reduction in load-carrying ability caused by a stress concentration in a test specimen (IMPACT TESTING - IZOD and CHARPY). Copyright a ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc: Revised 1991Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders NOZZLE -The hollow cored tnetal nose screwed into the extrusion end of (a) the heating cylinder of an injection machine, or (b) a transfer chamber where this is a separate structure. OLEFINS -A group of unsaturated hydrocarbons of the general formula CnH12n, and named after the corresponding paraffins by the addition of “ene” or “ylene’ to the stem. Examples are ethyleno and propylene. The polymer products are POLYOLEFINS. OLEFIN PLASTICS - Plastics praduced from olefins (POLYOLEFINS}. Examples are polyethylene and polypropylene OPAQUE -A material which will not eransmie light and cannot be seen through. ORANGE PEEL - A type of granular surface finish resembling the peel of an orange. ORIENTATION - The alignment of the crystalline structure in polymeric materials 50 as to produce a highly uniform structure. Can be accomplished by cold drawing or stretching during fabrication, ORIFICE -An opening in a die or other meta piece used ‘to meter (control the flow of) fluid material. OUT-OF-ROUND - Non-uniform radius or diameter: OVERLAY SHEET - See FOIL DECORATING. Also called SURFACING MAT. OXIDATION-(I) Degradation of a material through contact with alr. (2) A chemical reaction involving combination with oxygen to form new compounds. OXYGEN INDEX - An indication of flammability. Glossary P PARALLELS - The support spacers placed between the mold and press platen or clamping plate. Also called RISERS or SUPPORT FILLERS. PARISON -The hollow tube of thermoplastic material which is pinched at one or both ends and inflated in a mold to make a hollow part, ie. Blow Molding. PARTING AGENT: See MOLD RELEASE. PARTING LINE - (1) The points in the mold where two or more metal surfaces meet creating a shut off. (2) Mark on a molding or casting where halves of mold mer in closing. PARTITIONED MOLD COOLING - See BUBBLER. PERMEABILITY- (I) The passage or diffusion of a gas, vapor, liquid or solid through a material without chemically or physically affecting it. (2)The race of the passage in (I) PIGMENT - Imparts color to plastic while remaining a dispersion of undissolved particle. PILL - See PREFORM. PINCH-OFF - See CUT-OFF. PINPOINT GATE -A restricted orifice through which molten plastic flows into a mold cavity. Also called RESTRICTED GATE. PITCH - (One example) With respect to extruder or injection molding, the distance from any point on the flight of a screw line to the corresponding point on an adjacent flight, measured parallel to the axis of the screw line or threading. Copyright ©The Society of the Pl lastics Industry, Inc. Revised 1998 85PLASTIC - (n) One of the high polymeric materials, either natural or synthetic, exclusive of rubbers, which er mele and flow with heat and pressure, as with a thermoplastic or chemically “set” as with a thermoset material. (v) Capable of flow under pressure or tensile stress: MADE OF PLASTICS. PLASTIC DEFORMATION - The deformation of a material under load that is not recoverable after the load is removed: As opposed to ELASTIC DEFOR- MATION. PLASTIC MEMORY - A phenomenon of plastics to return, in some degree, to its original form upon heating. PLASTICATE - To soften by heating or kneading. Syn- conyms are: plastfy lux, and (imprecisely) plasticize (4). PLASTICITY -A property of plastics which allows the material to be deformed continuously and perma- nently without rupture upon the application of a force that exceeds the yield value of the material. PLASTICIZE - To make a material soft and moldable with the addition of heat and/or pressure or a plasticizer. PLASTICIZER - Chemical added to a plastic to make it soften and more flexibl PLASTISOLS - Mixtures of vinyl resins and plasticizers ‘which can be molded, cast, or converted to continuous films by the application of heat. Ifthe mixtures contain volatile thinners also, they are known as ORGANOSOLS. PLATE DISPERSION PLUG - See BREAKER PLATE. PLATENS - The mounting plates of a press to which the entire mold assembly is bolted. PLUNGER - The part of a transfer or injection press that applies pressure on the unmelted plastic material to push it into the chamber, which in turn forces plastic mett at the front of the chamber out through the nozzle. See RAM. Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders POLYLINER - (1) A perforated longitudinally ribbed sleeve that fits inside the cylinder of an injection molding machine; used as a replacement for conventional injection cylinder torpedoes (older machines). (2)A plastic bag placed inside a carton or box to prevent material contamination during shipment. POLYMER - A high-molecular-weight organic compound, natural or synthetic, whose structure can be represented by a repeated small unit, the MER; e.g, polyethylene, rubber, cellulose. Synthetic polymers are formed by addition or condensation polymerization of monomers. If two or more monomers are involved, a copolymer is obtained. Some polymers are elastomers, some plastics. POLYMERIZATION - A chemical reaction in which the molecules of a monomer are linked together to form large molecules whose molecular weight is a multiple of that of the original substance. When two or more monomers are involved, the process is called copolymerization. Addition and condensation are the ‘two major types of reactions. POLYOLEFINS - See OLEFIN PLASTICS. POSITIVE MOLD - A compression mold designed with vertical shut-off, POSTFORMING -A process used ta impart a shape 10 a previously molded article. POWDER MOLDING - Techniques for producing objects of varying sizes and shapes by melting thermoplastic powder against the inside of a mold. In compression molding, a method of charging the mold with loose powder. PREFORM - A pill, tablet, or biscuit used in thermoset molding. Material measured by volume, the bulk factor of powder reduced by pressure al in the interest of eff- ciency and accuracy. PREHEATING - The heating of a compound prior to molding or casting in order to facilitate the operation, reduce cycle, and improve product. (©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Revised 1998of Plastics Molders PREMIX ~ A molding compound prepared prior to and apart from the molding operations and containing all components required for molding resin, reinforcement fillers, catalysts, release agents, and other compounds PREPLASTICATION - Technique of premekting injection molding powders in a separate chamber, then trans- ferring the melt to the injection cylinder. Device used for preplastication is commonly known as a preplasti- cizer. PREPREG - A term generally used in reinforced plastics (© mean the reinforcing material containing of combined with the full complement of resin before molding. PRESSURE PADS - Reinforcements distributed around the dead areas in the faces of a mold to help the land absorb the final pressure of closing without collapsing. PROGRAMMING - (1) A system of altering the die gap opening while the parison is being extruded so that the wall thickness of the extruded parison may be varied to control the wall thickness or resin distribution in the finished blow molded article. 2) preparation of a computer for operations. PROTOTYPE MOLD -A simplified mold construction often made from a light metal casting alloy or from an epoxy resin in order to obtain information for the final mold and/or part design. PURGING - Cleaning one color or type of macerial from the cylinder of an injection molding machine or extruder by forcing it out with the new color or mate- ial to be used in subsequent production. Purging materials are also available. r RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) PREHEATING -A method of preheating used for molding materials to facilitate the ‘molding operation and/or reduce the molding cycle.The frequencies most commonly used are between 10 and 100 me/sec. Standards & Practices RAM -The press member that enters the cavity block and exerts pressure on the molding compound designated as the “top force” or “bottom force” by position in the assembly. See PLUNGER. RAM TRAVEL - Distance ram moves when operating a complete molding cycle. RECIPROCATING SCREW - A combination injection and plasticizing unit in which an extrusion device with a reciprocating screw is used to plasticize the material. Injection of material into a mold can take place by direct extrusion into che mold, or by reciprocating the screw as an injection plunger, or by a combination of the two. When the screw serves as an injection plunger, this unit acts as 2 holding, measuring, and injection chamber. RECYCLED PLASTICS - A plastic material prepared from previously used or processed plastic materials ‘which have been cleaned and reground. REGRIND - (1) Waste plastics which are recovered and reprocessed for reuse. (2) Plastics which have been ground or pelletized atleast twice REINFORCED MOLDING COMPOUND -A material reinforced with special fillers to meet specific requirements (rag, glass, etc.). RELEASE AGENT - See MOLD RELEASE. RELIEF ANGLE - (1) The angle of the cutaway portion of the pinch-off blade measured from a line parallel to the pinch-off land. (2) In a mold the relief angle is the angle between the narrow pinch-off fand and the cutaway portion adjacenc to the pinch-off land, RESIN - (1) Any of a class of solid or semi-solid organic products of natural or synthetic origin, generally of high molecular weight with no definite melting point. Most resins are polymers (9.x). (2) In a broad sense, the term is used to designate any polymer that is a basi material for plastics. RESIN POCKET -An apparent accumulation of excess resin in a small localized section visible on cut edges of molded surfaces. Also called RESIN SEGREGATION. Copyright ©The Society of the Pl lasties Industry, Ine. Revised [991 87of Plastics Molders RETAINER PLATE - The plate on which demountable pieces, such as mold cavities, ejector pins, guide pins, and bushings are mounted during molding; usually drilled for steam or water. RHEOLOGY - The study of flow. RIB -A reinforcing member ofa fabricated or molded part RIM - Reaction Injection Molding. ROCKWELL HARDNESS - A common method of ‘testing material for resistance to indentation in which a diamond or steel ball, under pressure, is used to pierce the test specimen. (ASTM D 785). ROLL MILL -A two roll mixer that is used to mix plastics with a shearing action, ROTATING SPREADER -A type of injection torpedo ‘which consists of finned torpedo which is rotated by a shaft extending through the tubular cross section injection ram behind it, ROTATIONAL MOLDING or CASTING -A process used to make hollow plastic parts. RUBBER - An elastomer, either synthetic or natural polymer, which is capable of rapid elastic recovery. RUNNER (Refers to mold) - In an injection or transfer mold, the channel that connects the sprue with the gate to the cavity. RUNNER SYSTEM (Refers ta plastic) - The term usually applied to all the material in the form of sprues, runners and gates which lead material from the noz- le of an injection machine to the pot of a transfer mold to the mold cavity. SCRAP ~A product or material which is out of speci- ‘ication to point of making it unusable. Standards & Practices SCREW PLASTICATING INJECTION MOLDING - See INJECTION MOLDING. SEGREGATION - A separation of components in a molded article usually denoted by wavy lines and color striations in thermoplastics. In thermosettings, usually meaning segregation of resin and filer on surface. SEMI-AUTOMATIC MOLDING MACHINE - A molding machine in which only pare of the operation is controlled by the direct action of a human. The auto- ‘matic part of the operation is controlled by the machine according to a predetermined program. SEMIPOSITIVE MOLD - A mold whose principle is: As the two halves of the mold begin to close, the mold acts, much like a flash mold,as the excess material Is allowed to escape around the loose fitting plunger and cavity. ‘As the plunger telescopes further into the cavity the mold becomes a positive mold with very litte clearance and full pressure is exerted on the material, producing a part of maximum density. This type of mold takes advantage of the free flow of material in a flash mold and the quality of producing dense parts in the positive mold. SHAW POT -The original thermosetting transfer molding process. A conventional hydraulic press is used, without auxiliary cylinder. The molding material is put in a pot suspended above the mold and when the press is closed the material flows from the pot into the mold cavity (cavities). SHEAR - Stress developed in material due to the action of the layers in the material attempting to glide against or separate in a paraileh direction. (SHEAR STRENGTH) SHELF LIFE -An expression to describe the time a thermoset material such as molding compound can be stored without losing any of its original physical or functional properties. Copyright 88 ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc, Revised 1998Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders SHORE HARDNESS - A method of determining the hardness of a plastic material using a scelroscope. This device consists of a small conical hammer fitted with a diamond point and acting in a glass tube. The hammer is made to strike the material under test and the degree of rebound is noted on a graduated scale. Gen- erally, the harder the material the greater will be the rebound. (ASTM D 2240). SHORT OR SHORT SHOT - A molded part produced ‘when the mold has not been filled completely SHOT - The yield from one complete molding cycle, including cull, runner, and flash. SHOT CAPACITY - The maximum volume of material which a machine can produce from one forward motion of the plunger or screw. ‘SHOULDER - That part of a bottle between the main body and the neck. SHRINKAGE - In a plastic, normally the reduction in dimensions after cooling. SHRINK FIXTURE - See COOLING FIXTURE. SHUT-OFF - See CUT-OFF. SIDE ACTIONS (SIDE CORING OR SIDE DRAW PINS) - (1) An action built into a mold which operates at an angle to the normal open and close action of the mold and is used to facilitate the removal of parts ‘which would not clear a cavity or core on the normal press action. (2) Projections used to core a hole in a direction other than the line of closing of a mold, and which must be withdrawn before the part is ejected from the mold. SILK SCREEN PRINTING - This printing method, in its basic form, involves laying a pattern of an insoluble ‘material, in outtine,on a finely woven fabric,so that when ink is drawn across is able to pass through the screen only in the desired areas. Also called “Screen Process Decorating” Glossary SILICONE (SI) - (1) Chemical derived from silica used in molding as a release agent and general lubricant. (2) A silicon based thermoset plastic material. SINK MARK -A depression or dimple on the surface cof an injection molded part due to collapsing of the surface following local internal shrinkage after the gate seals. May also be an incipient short shot. SIUNITS - SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL UNITS. ‘SMC - SHEET MOLDING COMPOUND. SOLVENT - Any substance, usually a lig solves other substances. SPECIFIC GRAVITY - The density (mass per unit volume) of a liquid or solid material divided by that of water. (ASTM D 792). SPECULAR GLOSS -The relative reflective appearance of a material as judged visually. SPIDER GATE - Multi-gating of a part through a system of radial runners from the sprue. SPIN WELDING - A process of fusing two objects together by forcing them together while one of the pair is spinning, until frictional heat melts the interface. Spinning is then stopped and pressure held until they are frozen together. SPIRAL FLOW TEST - A method for determining the flow properties of a thermoplastic or thermoset material in which the resin flows along the path of a spiral cavity.The length of the material which flows into the cavity and its weight gives a relative indication of the flow properties of the resin SPLAY MARKS or SPLAY - Marks or lines found on the surface of a part after molding which may be caused by ‘overheating the material, moisture in the material, or flow paths in the part. Usually white, silver, or gold in color. Also called SILVER STREAKING. ‘which dis- Copyright ©The Society of the Pl lastics Industry, Inc. Revised 1998 89SPLIFRING MOLD - A mold in which a split cavity block is assembled in a chase to permit the forming of undercuts in a molded piece. These parts are ejected from the mold and then separated from the molded piece. SPREADER/TORPEDO - A streamlined metal block placed in the path of flow of the plastics material in the heating cylinder of extruders and injection molding machines to spread it into thin layers, thus forcing itinto intimate contact with the heating areas. SPRUE - Feed opening provided in the injection or transfer mold; also, a slug formed at this hole. Spur is a shop term for the sprue slug. SPRUE-BUSHING -A hardened stee! insert in an injection mold which contains the tapered sprue hold and has a suitable seat for the nozzle of the injection cylinder. Sometimes called an Adapter. SPRUE GATE - A passageway through which molten plastic flows from the nozzle to the mold cavity. ‘SPRUE LOCK OR PULLER - In injection molding.a portion of the plastic composition which is held in the cold slug well by an undercut; used to pull the sprue out of the bushing as the mold is opened. The sprue lock itself is pushed out of the mold by an ejector pin STABILIZER - An ingredient used in the formulation of some plastics to assist in maintaining the physical and chemical properties of the compounded materials at their initial values throughout the processing and service Ife of the material. STATIONARY PLATEN - The plate of an injection or compression molding machine to which the front plate of the mold is secured during operation This platen does not move during normal operation. STEAM PLATE - Mounting plate for molds, cored for circulation of steam. Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Glossary STEREOLITHOGRAPHY - A three-dimensional printing process which produces copies of solid or surface models in plastic. The process uses a moving laser beam, directed by computer, to print or draw cross sections of the model onto the surface of photo-curable liquid plastic. STRAIN - The dimensionless numbers (or units of lengthilength, ie. inch per inch) that characterizes the change of dimensions of a test specimen during controlled deformation. In tensile testing: the elongation divided by the original gage length of the test specimen STRESS -The force applied to produce, or tend to produce, deformation of a material. The ratio of applied load to the original cross-sectional area of a test specimen ‘esi. STORAGE LIFE - See SHELF LIFE. STRESS CRACK- External or internal cracks in a plastic caused by tensile stresses less than its short-term mechanical strength. STRIATION - ( 1.) A separation of colors resulting in a linear effect of color variation. (2) In blow molding, the rippling of thick parisons. (3) A longitudinal line in a plastic due to a disturbance in the melt path. STRIPPER-PLATE -A plate that strips a molded piece from core pins or cores. STYRENIC - Indicates a group of plastics materials which are polymers, either whole or partially poly- merized from styrene monomer. SUBMARINE GATE - A type of edge gate where the opening from the runner into the mold is located below the parting line or mold surface as opposed to conventional edge gating where the opening is machined into the surface of the mold. With submarine gates, the ivem is broken from the runner system on opening of the mold oF ejection from the mold. Copyright 90 (©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Ine. Revised 1991of Plastics Molders SURFACE FINISH - Finish of molded produce. Refer to SPI.SPE Mold Finishes Comparison Kit, available from DME Corp., Detroit, Mich. SURFACETREATING -Any method of treating a mate- Fial 30 as to alter che surface and render it receptive +0 inks, pains, lacquers, and adhesives such as chemi- «aly flame, and electronic treating. SURGING - Unstable pressure build-up in an extrud- cer leading to variable throughput and waviness of the extruder. t ‘TAB GATED -A small removable tab of approximately the same thickness as the mold item, usually located perpendicular to the item. The tab is used as a site for edge gate location, usually on items with large flat areas. TAPPING - Cutting threads in the walls of a circular hole. TENSILE STRENGTH - The pulling stress, in psi, at a given point on the materials stress - strain curve, usually just before the material tears or breaks. Area used in computing strength is usually the original, rather than the necked-down area. (ASTM D 638). THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY - Ability of a mataral to ‘conduct heat. THERMAL STRESS CRACKING (TSC) - Crazing and cracking of some thermoplastic resins which results from over-exposure to elevated temperatures. THERMOPLASTIC (TP) - (a.) Capable of being repeatedly softened by heat and hardened by cooling (n.) A material that will repeatedly soften when heated and harden when cooled. Typical of the thermoplastic family are the styrenic polymers and copolymers, acrylics, cellulosics, polyethylene, polypropylene, vinyls, nylons, and the various fluorocarbon materials. Standards & Practices Glossary THERMOSET (TS) -A material that will undergo or has undergone a chemical reaction by the action of heat and pressure, catalysts ultra-violet light, etc. leading to a relatively infusible state. Typical of the plastics in che thermosetting family are the aminos (metamine and urea), unsaturated polyesters, alkyds, epoxies, and phe- nolics. A common thermoset goes through three stages: A-STAGE:An early stage when the material is soluble certain liquids, fusible, and will low. B-STAGE: An intermediate stage when the material softens when heated and swells in contact with certain liquids, but does not dissolve or fuse. Molding Com- pound Resins are in this stage C-STAGE:The final stage is the TS reaction when the material is insoluble, infusible and cured, THREAD PLUG, RING, OR CORE - A part of a mold that shapes a thread. TIE BARS - Bars which provide structural rigidity to the clamping mechanism of a press and usually guide platen movement. TIR.- An abbreviation used to identify tolerances with respect to CONCENTRICITY. Total Indicator Reading - standard terminology for drafting and machin- ist work. NOTE: The term T.LR. is a “FORMER PRACTICES” term; the more acceptable current term is FILM. (Full Indicator Movement). TOGGLE or TOGGLEACTION -A mechanism which exerts pressure developed by the application of force ‘ona knee joint. tis used as a method of closing press- es and also serves to apply pressure at the same time. ‘TORPEDO - See SPREADER. TOLERANCE -A specified allowance for deviations in ‘weighing, measuring, etc, or for deviations fram the standard dimensions or weight. Ref: SPI Guidelines of Plastics Custom Molders. Copyright (©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 199] 1Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders ‘TRANSFER MOLDING - A method of molding thermosetting materials, in which the plastic frst softened ‘by heat and pressure in a transfer chamber, then forced by high pressure through suitable sprues, runners, and {ates into a closed mold for final curing a variation of COMPRESSION MOLDING. TRANSLUCENT - A material which can transmit light, but cannot be seen through. TRANSPARENT - A material with a high degree of lgh transmission and can be easily seen through. TUMBLING - (I ) Finishing operation for small plastic articles by which gates, flash, and fins are removed and/or surfaces are polished by rotating them in a barrel together with wooden pegs, saw dust,and polishing compounds. (2) Adding color to a material through TUMBLE BLENDING. TUNNEL GATE - See SUBMARINE GATE. ULTIMATE STRENGTH - Strength (stress in psi) at the break point in tensile test. ULTRASONIC SEALING OR BONDING - A sealing ‘method in which sealing is accomplished through the application of vibratory mechanical pressure at ultrasonic frequencies (20 to 40 ke.). Electrical energy is converted to ultrasonic vibrations through the use of either a magnetostrictive or piezoelectric transducer. The vibratory pressures at the interface in the sealing area develop localized heat losses which melt the plastic surfaces effecting the seal ULTRASONIC INSERTION - The inserting of a metal insert into a thermoplastic part by the application of vibratory mechanical pressure at ultrasonic frequencies. Glossary UNDERCUT - (a.) Having a protuberance or indentation that impedes withdrawal from a mold in its normal copen/closed movement. Flexible materials can be eject- fed intact even with slight undercuts. (n.) Any such protuberance or indentation; depends also on design of mold. UNIT MOLD - (1) Mold designed for quick changing interchangeable cavity parts. (2)A mold which comprises ‘only a single cavity, frequently a pilot for the production set of molds. UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE -A testing machine used to determine tensile flexural, or compressive properties. UY (ULTRAVIOLET) STABILIZER -Any chemical compound which, when added to thermoplastic material, selectively absorbs UV rays. Vv VACUUM METALIZING - Process in which surfaces are thinly coated with metal by exposing them to the vapor of metal that has been evaporated under vacu- tum (one millionth of normal atmospheric pressure). VENT - Ina mold,a shallow channel or minute hole cut in the cavity to allow air to escape as the material enters. VENTURI DISPERSION PLUG - See BREAKER PLATE VERTICAL FLASH RING - The clearance between the force plug and the vertical wall of the cavity in a positive or semi-positive mold; also the ring of excess ‘material which escapes from the cavity into this clearance space. Copyright 2 ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc, Revised 1991Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders VICAT SOFTENING TEMPERATURE - The temperature at which a plastic is penetrated to | mm depth by a flat-ended circular metal pin, while in a controlled (rate-- rise) temperature silicone fluid bath. (ASTM D 1525). VINYL - Usually polyvinyl chloride, but may be used to identify other polyvinyl plastics. VIRGIN PLASTICS or VIRGIN MATERIAL - Material not previously used or processed and meeting manufacturers specifications. VISCOSITY - A measurement of resistance of a material to flow. VOID - A void or bubble occurring in the center of a heave thermoplastic part usually caused by excessive shrinkage. VOLUME - Synonym for CAPACITY or DISPLACE MENT. VOLUME RESISTIVITY - The electrical resistance between opposite faces of a I-cm. cube of insulating material. t is measured under prescribed conditions using a direct current potential after a specified time of electrification. Iris commonly expressed in ohm-centimeters. Also called SPECIFIC INSULATION RESISTANCE. (ASTM D 257). VULCANIZATION -A chemical reaction which induces extensive physical property changes in rubbers or elas- ‘tomers, usually including cross finking and conversion of liquid or semi-solid co a solid. w WARPAGE - Dimensional distortion in a plastic object after molding. WEB GATE - See DIAPHRAGM GATE. WELD LINE - See FLOW LINE. WELD MARK - See FLOW LINE. Glossary WELDING - Joining thermoplastic pieces by one of several heat-softening processes. Butt fusion, spin welding, ultrasonic, and hot gas are several methods. WHEELABRATING - Defiashing molded parts by bom- barding with small particles at a high velocity. y YIELD VALUE (Yield Strength) - (1) In tensile testing, the stress, usually in psi,at which there is no increase in seress with a corresponding increase in strain: Usu- ally the first peak on the curve. (YIELD POINT) (2)The specific limiting deviation from the proportional STRESS ~ STRAIN CURVE. YOUNG'S MODULUS - MODULUS of ELASTICITY Copyright ©The Society ofthe Plastics Industry, Ine. Revised 1991 93Bibliography ‘The definitions listed here were compared with the following sources: |. American National Standard Appendix D, D2.Terms, Engineering Drawing and Related Docunsentation Prac- tices. Dimensioning and TolerencingANSLY 14-5M. 1982. 2. ASTM, Standard Abbreviations of Terms Relating to Plastics, D-1600-86a, 1987. 3. ASTM, Standard Definitions of Terms Relating to Plas- tics, D-B83-86b, 1987, 4. Beck, Ronald D., Plastic Product Design, VNR Co. Inc., NY, NY, 1980, 2nd ed., ISBN: 0-442-20632-1. 5. Bower,C.M. (EDITOR), Composite Materials Glossary, TIC Press, Los Angeles, CA, 1967. (Sponsored by DOD with Monsanto and Washington U-St. Louis, Mo). 6. Frados, Joel, Plastics Engineering Handbook of SPI, Glossary (1-39), VNR PbI. 1982. Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Parker, Sybil P (Editor), Dictionary of Scientific andTech- nical Terms, 4th, McGraw-Hill, NY 1989. Phillips Petroleum, Glossary of Plastics Terms (Book- let), Bartelsville, OK, 1977. Plastic Botte Institute, Good Practices Manual, (Div. of SPI), Glossary, Sec. 7 p. 18-32. . Richardson, T.L., industrial Plastics, Theory and Prac- tice, Appendix A (Glossary), 1989. ‘Shah.Vishu, Handbook of Plastics Testing Technology, SPE (Wiley, NY, NY), 1984, ISBN: 0-471- 07871-9. . SME, Dictionary of Manufacturing Terms, Took & Man- ufacturing Engineers Handbook, 1987. . USI Chemicals, Potyolefin Blow Molding: An Operating ‘Manual, 3rd Ed., 1986, Appendix B, (Blow Molding terms), p. 56-60. . Whittington, L.R., Whittington’s Dictionary of Plastics, 2nd, Techmonic Publ, Westport, Ct., 1978. Copyright 4 ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. Revised 1991Standards & Practices 's Molders Reference Publications Reference Publications A. General Information Chanda, M.,Roy,S.K., 1987, Plastics Technology Handbook. New York: Dekker Marcel. Frados, Joel.1976. Plastics Engineering Handbook of The Society ofthe Plastics Industry. 4th ed. New YorkeVan Nos- trand Reinhold Publishing. ISBN:0-442-22469-9. Frados, Joel.1977. The Story ofthe Plastics Industry. New York: Society of the Plastics Industry. Out of Print. Grandilli, PA.1981. Technicians Handbook of Plastics. New York: VNR. ISBN:0-442-23870-3. Granvill, AB. 1974, Plastics Engineers Data Book. 2nd ‘ed. New York: Industrial Press. ISBN:0-831 1-1 105-4 Hanser-Verlag, Carl, Kunstoffe (German Plastics). Ger- many: Kobergerstrafe 22. Jones, FD., Horton, H.L.1988. Machinery’s Handbook, Revised 23rd Edition. Greenwich, CT: Society of Plastics Engineering. ISBN:0-831 |-1200-X. Kaufman, HS., & J. Falcetta, 1977, Introduction to Poly- mer Science and Technology. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN.0-471-01493+1. Leidner, Jacob. 1981. Plastics Waste: Recovery of Eco- nomic Value. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-6247- 1381-8. Lubin, G. 1982. Handbook of Composites. Greenwich, CT: SPE, ISBN:0-442-24897-0. Luce, Stu.1988. Introduction to Composites Technology. Ist ed. Dearborn, M:Society of Manufacturing Engineers. McCrum, N.G., Buckley, C.P. 1988. Principles of Poymer Engineering. Dearbarn, Ml: SPE. ISBN:0-19-856152-0. Prastics,The World of Imagination VHS. Greenwich, CT: SPE. Richardson, Terry A. 1989. Industrial Plastcs:Theory and Applicetion, 2nd Edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers. ISBN:0-B273-3392-7. Rosato, DV. & DY, Rosato. 1985. Injection Molding Hand- book. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-442-27815-2. Rubin, Irvin 1.1972. Injection Molding, Theory and Practice. New York: John Wiley and Sons./SBN:0471- 74445-X. ‘Saechtling, Hansjurgen. | 987. International Plastics Hand- book For The Technologist, Engineer and User, Second Edition. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-02-949621-7. Schwartz,$.S.& SH. Goodman. 1982, Plastics Materials and Processes. New York:VNR.ISBN:0-42-22777-9 (Out of Print). Strong,A. Brent. 989, Fundamentals of Composite Man- ufacturing: Materials, Methods, and Applications. Ist ed. Dearborn, Ml: SME, ‘Modern Plastics. New York: McGraw-Hill, ‘Madern Piastics Encyclopedia, NewYork: McGraw-Hill, Annual. Plastics Engineering, Greenwich, CT: SPE, Plastics Technology. New York. Recyclingplas | | :Plastes Recycling. The Plastics Institute ‘of America and the US. Department of Energy, 1988. Recyclingplas IV: Plastics Recycling. The Plastics Institute ‘of America and the U.S. Department of Energy, 989. Understanding Plastics. VHS. BETA. Greenwich, CT: SPE. Copyright ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Ine. Revised 1991 95B. Materials Alper, Joseph & Gordon L. Nelson. 1989. Polymeric ‘Materials, Chemistry of the Future. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society. ISBN:0-8412-1612-4. ASM International. 1988. Engineering Plastics. Green- wich, CT: SPE, ISBN:0-87170-280-0. Bernhardt, E:C.1959, Processing of Thermoplastic Materials Melbourne, FL: RE. Kreiger. ISBN:0-88275-145-X. Bhowmick,A.K.,Stephens, H.L. 1988. Handbook of Elas- tomers: New Developments and Technology. New York: Dekker Marcel, ISBN:0-824-7800-6, Birley,A.W,, Heath, RLH., Scott, MJ.1988, Plastics Mate- ‘als: Properties and Applications, Second Edition. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN.0-412-01781-4. Bittence, .C.1990. Engineering Plastics and Composites. Metals Park, OH:ASM Publications 1SEN087170.369-6, Brandrup, J, Immergut, E.H.1989. Polymer Handbook, Third Edition. New York: John Wiley. SBNO-471-812447. Brydson, A. 1989, Plastic Materials. Stoneham, ME: But- terworths. ISBN:0-408-00721-4. Courtney.Thomas H. 1990. Mechanical Behavior of Mate- rials. New York: McGraw-Hill. SEBN20-07-013265-8 Dyson, RW. 1990. Engineering Polymers. New York: Blackie and Son/Chapman and Hall.|SBN:0-412-02081-5. Gachter, R. & H. Muller. 1987. Plastics Additives. Green- wich, CT: SPE, ISBN:0-02-94791-1. Hall, Christopher: 1989. Polymer Materials, An Introduc- tion For Technologists and Scientists, Second Edition. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-470-21092-3, International Plastics Selector. Thermoplastics and Ther- ‘mosets Desk-top Data Bank, Annual. Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Reference Publications /1987, Handbook of Fillers for Katz, HS., Milewski Plastics. Greenwich, CT: SPE, ISBN:0-442-26024-5. Legge, N.R., Holden, G., Schroeder, H.E. 1987. Thermo- plastic Elastomers. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN: 0-19-52719-X. Lutz, John T. Jr. 1989. Thermoplastic Polymer Additives. ‘Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-8247-7901-0. MacDermott, Charles P. 1984, Selecting Thermoplastic for Engineering Applications. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0- 8247-7099-4. Margolis James M. 1985. Engineering Thermoplastics—Prop- erties and Applications. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-8247-7294-6, Meyer, Raymond W. 1985. Handbook of Polyester Molding Compounds & Molding Technology. Greenwich, CT: SPE: ISBN.0-412-00771-. ModernPlasticsEncyclopedia. NewYork: McGraw-Hill, Annual. ertel, Gunther. | 985. Polyurethane Handbook. Green- wich, CT: SPE, ISBN:3-446- 1367-1. Plastics Edition |! Thermoplastics and Thermasets. 1990. Greenwich, CT: SPE.ISBN:1041 -0694 Rubin, Irvin 1. 1988. Handbook of Plastic Test Methods, 3rd Edition. New York: Longman Scientifics & Technical, John Wiley. ISBN:0-582-03015-3. ‘Seymour, Raymond B. 1987. Polymers for Engineering Applications. Metals Park, OH: ASM International ISBN:087170-247.9. The Fundamentals of Plastics. 1969. Greenwich, CT: SPE. The Resinkit™. 1988,The Plastics Group. ‘Walker, B.M. 1988, Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers, SecondEdition. Greenwich, CT: SPE. SBN0-442:291641. Copyright ‘©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. Revised 1991Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Webber, Thomas G, 1979. Coloring of Plastics.1979. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-4711-92327-3, Young, Robert J. 1987. Introduction to Polymers. New York:Chapman and Hall, ISBN:0-412-22180-2. C. Quality Control and Testing ASTM, Standards 8.01, 6.02, 8.03, & 8.04. Brown, Roger P. 1988. Handbook of Plastics Test Methods. 3rd ed. New York: Longman Scientifics & Technical John Wiley ISBN:0-582-08015-3, Polymer Characterization and Analysis, SENO-471-51325-3, Shah, Vishu. 1984, Handbook of Plastics Testing Technolo- gy. SPE, New York: John Wiley. ISBN:0-471 -07871-9. Tobin, William J .1986. Quality Control for Plastics. Green- wich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-938648-26-8. Tobin, William } . Quality Control Manual for Injection ‘Molding. Greenwich, CT: SPE. SBN:0-938648-13-6, D. Product Design Beck, Ronald D. 1980. Plastics Product Design, Second Edition. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-442-20632-1. Bernhardt, E .C. 1983. CAE-Computer Aided Engineering for Injection Molding. New York: MacMillan. ISBN:0-02- 948590-8. Brown, RLLE. 1981. Design and Manufacture of Plastic Parts. New York: John Wiley. ISBN:0-471 -05324-4. DymnJ.B.1983. Product Design with Plastics Greenwich, CT: ‘SPE, ISBN:0-831 1-1141-0, Ehrenstein, G.H. & G. Erhard. 1984. Designing with Plas- tics. Greenwich, CT: SPE, ISBN:0-02-948770-6. Gaylord, M.W. 1974. Reinforced Plastics. nd ed Newton, MA: Cahners. ISBN:0-8436-1210-X. Reference Publications Levy, S&H. Dubois. 1984, Plastic Product Design Eng neering Handbook, Second Edition. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN-0-412-0051 1-5. Morton-Jones,D.H .,E'lis,J .W.1986.Polymer Products: Design, Materials and Processing. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN0-412-27130-3. Wendle, B.C. 1976. Engineering Guide to Structural Foam. Lancaster, PA:Technomic.ISBN:0-87762-218-3. West, GH. 1986, Engineering Design in Plastics. CA: Kaiser Ed. ISBN:0-903 107-39-2. E. Mold Design Allyn, EP 1980. Mold Design I. Greenwich, CT: SPE. Beall, Glenn L. 1988, A Listing of Mold Making & Mokd Design Teaching Institutions. Greenwich, CT: SPE. Bodini, G. Pessani, F Cacchil. 1987. Mould Machines and ‘Moulds for Plastics Processing, Second Edition. Greenwich, CT:SPE. DuBois, H. & WIL Pribble. 1987, Plastic Mold Engineers Handbook. 4th ed. Greenwich, CT: SPE, ISBN:0-442- 21897-4. Dy, Joseph B. 1987, injection Molds and MaldingsA Prac tical Manual. 2nd ed. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-442-21 785-4. Gastrow, Hans. 963. Injection Molds, 102 Proven Designs. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-02-929440-0. Glanvil, A.B. & E.N. Denton. 1965. Injection Mould Design Fundamentals. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0831 |-1033-3. LT Quanstrom Foundation. 1985. Mold Finishing & Pok ishing Manual. Greenwich, CT: SPE. Manizione, Louis T. 1987. Applications of Computer Aided Engineering In Injection Molding. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-02-949541-1. Copyright ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Ine. Revised 1991 7Menges, G. & P. Mohren. 1986. How To Mate Injection ‘Molds. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN‘0-02-947570-8. Morena, John J. 1988. Advanced Composite Mold Moking. ‘Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-442-264 14-3. Morton-Jones, D.H. 1989. Polymer Processing. Green- wich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-412-26700-4, Pye, R.C.W. 1989. Injection MouldDesign. 4th ed. New ‘York: John Wiley. ISBN:0-470-21413-9. Quanstrom (1,7) Foundation. 1983. Mold Making Ref- ‘erence Index. Sors, Laszio, Laszio Bardocz, & Istvan Radnoti.1981. Plastic Molds and Dies. New York: VNR. ISBN:0-442- 278899-6. ‘Stoeckhert, Klaus. 1983. Mold Making Handbook of The Society of the Plastics Industry. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-02949670-5. F. Processing Bikales, Norbert M.1971. Molding of Plastics. New York: John Wiley. SBN:0-471-07233-8, Bown, John. 1979. Industrial Moulding of Plastics Com- pounds. New York: McGraw-Hill ISBN:0-07-084521-2. Concepts of Polymer Processing. 1967. SBNOSI6900167, deClair, Piaras V.1985. Polymers In Injection Molding. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-938648-25-X. Injection Molding of Plastics (Conference/Discussion Record). 1980. Greenwich, CT: SPE, SBNO-738648.0.4 Injection Molding Video Program HS. BETA. Greenwich, CT: SPE. Injection Molding Safety Video. VHS. Greenwich, CT: SPE. Isayew, Avraam 1.1987. Injection and Compression Mold- ing Fundamentals, Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN: 0-8247-7670-4. Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Reference Publications Johannabar, 1983. Injection Molding Machines Greenwich, (CT: SPE. ISBN:0.02-949420-6. Macosko, Christopher W. 1988. Fundamentals of Reac- tion Injection Molding. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-19-520759-9. Manzione, Louis . 1987. Applications of Computer Aided Engineering In Injection Molding. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-02-949541-1, Margolis, James M, 1988, Instrumentation For Thermo- plastics Processing. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-19-520768-8, Morton-Jones, D: H 1989. Polymer Processing. New York: ‘Chapman and Hall, ISBN:0-412-26690-3 Rosato, D.V.1989,Blow Molding Handbook.Greenwich, CT: SPE, ISBN:0-19.520761-0. Rosato, D.V. 1985. Injection Molding Handbook. Green- wich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-442-27815-2. Rosato, D.V. 1990. Plastics Processing Data Handbook. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-442-31869-3, Rubin, Irvin 1. 1972. Injection Molding—Theory and Prac- tice. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-47 | -74445-X. Tadmor, Z., Gogos, C.G. 1979. Principles of Polymer Pro- cessing. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-47 |-84320-2. Tucker, Charles L. Il. 1989. Computer Modeling For Poly- ‘mer Processing. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-19-52076615. Tucker, Charles L.11 1.1989. Fundamentals of Computer ‘Modeling For Polymer Processing. Greenwich, CT: SPE. ISBN:0-5207561. WST Associates. 1988. Basic Injection Molding and Trou- bleshooting. Greenwich, CT: SPE. Weir, Clifford L. 1975. Introduction To Injection Molding. Greenwich, CT: SPE. Copyright 98 ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, In. Revised 1991G. Fabrication, Assembly, Painting, and Decorating Margolis, james M. |986. Decorating Plastics. Greenwich, CT: SPE, ISBN:0-02-947580-5. Satos, Don. 1986. Plastics Finishing and Decorating. Green- wich, CT:SPE. ISBN:0-442-28062-9. H. Publishers and Organizations Dekker Marcel, Inc. 270 Madison Ave. New York, NY 10016 VNR Publishing (Van Norstand Reinhold) HIS-T Sth Ave New York, NY 10003, The Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI) 1801 K Street, N.W., Suite 600K ‘Washington, DC 20006-1301 Industrial Press, Inc. 200 Madison Ave. New York, NY 10157 Kobergerstrafe 22 8 Munchen 27, Germany SPE (Society of Plastics Engineering) 14 Fairfield Drive Brookfield, CT 06804 SME (Society of Manufacturing Engineers) (One SME Dr. PO. Drawer 930 Dearborn, Mi 48121 Delmar Publishers, Inc. ‘Two Computer Drive W Standards & Practices of Plastics Molders Reference Publications McGraw-Hill 1221 Avenue of the Americas NewYork, NY 10020 The Plastics Institute of America Stevens Institute of Technology Castle Point Station Hoboken, Nj 07030 ‘The US Department of Energy Forrestal Building 1000 Independence Ave S.W. ‘Washington, DC 20585 ACS (American Chemical Society) 1155-T 16th St. NW Washington, DC 20036 RE Kreiger Publishing Co, Inc. PO. Box 9542 Melbourne, FL 32902 ASM International Metals Park, OH 44073 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 605 Third Ave. New York, NY 10158 Butterworths Publishing Co. 80 Montvale Stoneham, ME 02180 MacMilliam, Inc. 866-T 3rd Ave. New York, NY 10622 Cahners Publishing Co. 275-T Washington St. Newton, MA 02158 Technomic Publishing Co, Ine. Box 15-015 PO. Box 3535 Albany, NY 12212 851 Holland Avenue Lancaster, PA 17604 Copyright ©The Society of the Plastics Industry, Ine. Revised 1998Standards & Practices Reference of Plastics Molders Punic) Copyright ‘©The Society of The Plastics Industry, Ine Revised 1991 100

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