ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF THE ELEMENTS

Element
Actinium
Aluminum
Americium
Antimony
Argon
Arsenic
Astatine
Barium
Berkelium
Beryllium
Bismuth
Bohrium
Boron
Bromine
Cadmium
Calcium
Californium
Carbon
Cerium
Cesium
Chlorine
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Curium
Darmstadtium
Dubnium
Dysprosium
Einsteinium
Erbium
Europium
Fermium
Fluorine
Francium
Gadolinium
Gallium
Germanium

Atomic
Symbol Number
Ac
Al
Am
Sb
Ar
As
At
Ba
Bk
Be
Bi
Bh
B
Br
Cd
Ca
Cf
C
Ce
Cs
Cl
Cr
Co
Cu
Cm
Ds
Db
Dy
Es
Er
Eu
Fm
F
Fr
Gd
Ga
Ge

Element
Gold
Hafnium
Hassium
Helium
Holmium
Hydrogen
Indium
Iodine
Iridium
Iron
Krypton
Lanthanum
Lawrencium
Lead
Lithium
Lutetium
Magnesium
Meitnerium
Manganese
Mendelevium
Mercury
Molybdenum
Neodymium
Neon
Neptunium
Nickel
Niobium
Nitrogen
Nobelium
Osmium
Oxygen
Palladium
Phosphorus
Platinum
Plutonium
Polonium
Potassium

89
13
95
51
18
33
85
56
97
4
83
107
5
35
48
20
98
6
58
55
17
24
27
29
96
110
105
66
99
68
63
100
9
87
64
31
32

Atomic
Symbol Number
79
72
108
2
67
1
49
53
77
26
36
57
103
82
3
71
12
109
25
101
80
42
60
10
93
28
41
7
102
76
8
46
15
78
94
84
19

Au
Hf
Hs
He
Ho
H
In
I
Ir
Fe
Kr
La
Lr
Pb
Li
Lu
Mg
Mt
Mn
Md
Hg
Mo
Nd
Ne
Np
Ni
Nb
N
No
Os
O
Pd
P
Pt
Pu
Po
K

Element
Praseodymium
Promethium
Protactinium
Radium
Radon
Rhenium
Rhodium
Roentgenium
Rubidium
Ruthenium
Rutherfordium
Samarium
Scandium
Seaborgium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
Sulphur
Tantalum
Technetium
Tellurium
Terbium
Thallium
Thorium
Thulium
Tin
Titanium
Tungsten
Uranium
Vanadium
Xenon
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Zinc
Zirconium

Atomic
Symbol Number
Pr
Pm
Pa
Ra
Rn
Re
Rh
Rg
Rb
Ru
Rf
Sm
Sc
Sg
Se
Si
Ag
Na
Sr
S
Ta
Tc
Te
Tb
Tl
Th
Tm
Sn
Ti
W
U
V
Xe
Yb
Y
Zn
Zr

59
61
91
88
86
75
45
111
37
44
104
62
21
106
34
14
47
11
38
16
73
43
52
65
81
90
69
50
22
74
92
23
54
70
39
30
40

RADIOACTIVITY SYMBOLS
4

1
n
0

Science 10

4
He
2

0
e
1

1
p
1

1
H
1

Data Page 1

Data Page 2

Science 10

2+

21

3+

22

4
4+
3+

23

5
5+
4+

24

Atomic Number
Symbol
Name
Atomic Mass

26

22

4+
3+

2+
3+

METALS

2+
1+

30

12
2+

13

3+

14

NON-METALS

3+
2+

25

27

28

10
2+
3+

29

11

4+

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

(222)
118
117

Any value in parentheses

is the mass of the most
stable or best known isotope for
elements which do not occur naturally.

Based on mass of C-12 at 12.00.

3+

Uranium

238.0

Protactinium

231.0

Np

5+
3+
4+
Neptunium 6+
(237)

93
92

6+
4+
5+

4+ 95
3+
94
4+
Am
Pu 6+
3+
5+
Plutonium 5+ Americium6+
(243)
(244)

150.4

152.0

Europium

3+
2+
(145)

232.0

5+
4+

63

Eu

144.2

Thorium

91

Samarium
Promethium

3+
4+

Neodymium

3+ 62

Sm

61

Pm

60

Nd

Pa

4+

140.9

Praseodymium

Pr

Th

90

140.1

Cerium

Ce

3+
4+

175.0

Lawrencium

(262)

Nobelium

(259)
(247)

Mendelevium
Curium

(258)

3+

(257)

Lr

103
Fermium

No

102 2+
3+
Einsteinium

2+
3+

Lutetium

3+

(252)

101

71

Lu

Californium

3+

Ytterbium

173.0

3+
2+

(251)

100

70

Yb

(247)

3+

Thulium

168.9

3+
2+

Berkelium

99

167.3

69

Tm

Md

3+

164.9

3+

Fm

98

162.5

Erbium

68
Holmium

3+
Dysprosium

67

Er

3+

Ho

66

Dy

Es

3+
4+

3+
4+

Cf

97

Bk

3+

158.9

Cm

96

157.3

Terbium
Gadolinium

65

Tb

3+

Gd

64

Noble
Gases
Halogens

Alkaline
Earth
Metals

Alkali
Metals
59

(294)
(?)
(292)
(288)
(289)
(284)
(285)
(272)
(281)
(266)

(265)

(262)

(263)

(262)

(261)

(227)

(226)

(223)

3+
4+

Ununoctium
Ununseptium
Ununhexium
Ununpentium
Ununquadium
Ununtrium
Ununbium
Roentgenium
Darmstadtium

Meitnerium

Hassium

Bohrium

Seaborgium

Dubnium

Rutherfordium

Actinium

58

Uuo
Uus
Uuh
Uup
Uuq
Uut
Uub
Rg
Ds

Mt

Hs

Bh

Sg

Db

Rf

Ac

Radium

2+

Francium

88

Ra

Fr

87

116
115
114
113
112
111
110

109

108

107

106

3+

105

89

104

Radon
Astatine

209.0
204.4

(210)

86
Polonium

(209)

Bismuth
Lead

207.2

Thallium
Mercury

200.6

Iridium

85

Rn

2+
4+

At

3+ 84
5+ Po
Gold

Bi
197.0

2+
4+

Platinum

Pb

195.1

1+
3+

192.2

Tl

190.2

2+
1+

Osmium

Hg

Rhenium

3+
1+

186.2

Au

183.8

4+
2+

Tungsten

Pt

Tantalum

3+
4+

180.9

Ir

Hafnium

3+
4+

178.5

Os

138.9

4+
7+

131.3
127.6

Lanthanum

75

Xenon
Iodine

126.9

Tellurium

54
Antimony

137.3

6+

121.8

53

Xe

Barium

74

52

132.9

5+

3+
5+

Te

51

Sb

Cesium

73

107.9

4+
2+

Re

4+

Tin

118.7

Indium

114.8

Cadmium

112.4

Silver

50

72

3+

Palladium

49

Ta

3+

2+

106.4

48

Sn

In

47

Cd

2+
4+

Ag

46

Pd

Hf

57

Rhodium

102.9

Ruthenium

3+
4+

La

56

45

Rh

101.1

3+
4+

Technetium

44

(98)

7+

95.9

43

Molybdenum

2+
3+

Ru

Mo

Tc

42

83.8
79.9
69.7

Ba

55

3+
5+

Krypton
Bromine
Selenium

79.0

Arsenic

74.9

Germanium

72.6

Gallium

Zinc

65.4

Copper

63.5

58.7

58.9

Cu

36

Kr
Br
Se
As
Ge

Ga

35

Zn

55.8

Ni

34

Nickel

Co

Cobalt

3+
2+

33

Iron

Fe

32

Cs

2+

92.9

87.6

Niobium

Zirconium

91.2

Yttrium

88.9

Strontium

Rubidium

85.5

41

Nb

Zr

4+

3+ 40

39

38

Sr

37

Rb

2+

54.9

52.0

50.9

47.9

45.0

40.1

39.1

Manganese

Chromium

Vanadium

Mn

Titanium

Ti

Cr

Scandium

Calcium

2+

Potassium

20

Sc

Ca

19

31

3+

39.9

35.5
32.1
31.0
28.1

27.0

2+
3+
4+

Argon
Chlorine
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Silicon

Aluminum

Magnesium

24.3

23.0

18

Sodium

Ar

17

Cl

15

13

12

14

11

Si

16

20.2

12.0

Neon
Fluorine

19.0

Oxygen

16.0

Nitrogen

14.0

Al

2+

Carbon

Boron

10.8

Ne
F
O

10

4.0

Helium

17

16

18
He

Mg

47.9

Titanium

Ti

Ion charge(s)

15

1.0

Na

Beryllium

9.0

Lithium

6.9

Be

Li

1.0

Hydrogen

Hydrogen

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

[H+]

stomach

lemon

COLOURLESS

BLUE

Indigo Carmine

RED

Phenolphthalein

Litmus

YELLOW

RED

Methyl Red

Bromthymol Blue

RED

Methyl Orange

pH SCALE

grapes

tomatoes bananas

milk

water

eggs

baking
soda

10

NH3

ammonia

12

bleach

[OH]

oven
cleaner

11

13

14

1445442445443

soap

Acidic

Neutral

Basic

YELLOW

PINK

BLUE

BLUE

YELLOW

YELLOW

Science 10

Data Page 3

NAMES, FORMULAE AND CHARGES OF SOME POLYATOMIC IONS

Positive Ions

Negative Ions

NH4+ Ammonium

CH3COO Acetate
CO32 Carbonate

HCO3 Hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate

NO2 Nitrite

HSO4 Hydrogen sulphate, bisulphate

ClO4 Perchlorate

ClO3 Chlorate
ClO2 Chlorite

HS Hydrogen sulphide, bisulphide

HSO3 Hydrogen sulphite, bisulphite

CrO42 Chromate
CN Cyanide
Cr2O72 Dichromate

PREFIXES
1

mono

di

tri

MnO4 Permanganate
PO43 Phosphate

OH Hydroxide

PO33 Phosphite

ClO Hypochlorite

SO42 Sulphate

NO3 Nitrate

SO32 Sulphite

COMMON ISOTOPE PAIRS CHART

Isotope

Half-life of Parent
(years)

Parent

Daughter

tetra

Carbon-14

Nitrogen-14

5730

penta

Uranium-235

Lead-207

710 million

hexa

Potassium-40

Argon-40

1.3 billion

hepta

Uranium-238

Lead-206

4.5 billion

octa

Thorium-235

Lead-208

14 billion

nona
Rubidium-87

10

deca

Strontium-87

47 billion

UNITS AND
ABBREVIATIONS
Quantity

Unit

Symbol

distance (d)

metre

second

minute

min

time (t)

Data Page 4

hour

year

EQUATIONS OF MOTION

vav =

d
t

d = vav t
t =

d
vav

v
t

v = vf v i

v = at

v i = vf v

v
a

v f = vi + v

a=

t =

Science 10

Science 10

Data Page 5

e.g. 38 000 40 000

e.g. 100 92

750

carbon exchange
in gigatonnes per year

carbon stores
in gigatonnes

organic matter
in soil

1600

DECOMPOSITION

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

CO2 in atmosphere

CARBON CYCLE KEY

terrestrial
vegetation

540 610

sun

THE CARBON CYCLE

61

plant growth
and decay

60

P
H
O
T
O
S
Y
N
T
H
E
S
I
S

atmospheric
CO2

90

92

50

40

38 000 40 000

300

1.5 0.5

68 000 000 100 000 000

coal

3000

change in land use

(e.g. agriculture)

oil and gas deposit

fossil fuel
combustion

5.5

marine sediments and sedimentary rock

circulation of
intermediate and deep water

100 92

3
marine life

sea surface
gas exchange

dissolved
organic carbon

700

CO2

DIAGRAM NOT TO SCALE

Data Page 6

Science 10

Tropic of Capricorn 23.5S

Equator 0

Tropic of Cancer 23.5N

Tropical Rain Forest

Tundra

Permanent Ice
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Temperate Rain Forest

Boreal Forest
Desert
Grassland

BIOMES OF THE WORLD

GEOLOGICAL TIME
ERA

PERIOD

EPOCH

TECTONIC PLATE MAPS

TIME (Ma)

LITHOSPHERE

Holocene
Quaternary

0.01

Ice sheets advance then

retreat in Northern Hemisphere

Pleistocene
1.6

C
E
N
O
Z
O
I
C

Glaciation intensifies

Pliocene
5.3

Present

Miocene

Grand Canyon forming

24
Tertiary

Oligocene
Beginning of modern ice ages
Himalayan Mountains forming

34
Eocene
55
Paleocene
65

M
E
S
O
Z
O
I
C

40 Ma

Cretaceous

Climate warmer than present

causing higher sea level

145
Rocky Mountains forming

Jurassic

Atlantic Ocean forming

200
Triassic

150 Ma
251

Pangea
Permian

Pangea breaking apart

Glaciation in
Southern Hemisphere
Pangea forming

300
Abundant deposition
of organic material, source
of future fossil fuels

Carboniferous

P
A
L
E
O
Z
O
I
C

355

270 Ma

Devonian
418
Multicellular life on land

Silurian

Glaciers retreat

441

Glaciers form at poles

Ordovician

Tropical climate at equator

490

400 Ma
Burgess shale deposited

Cambrian

Multicellular aquatic life

540 Ma
4600

Time Ma

Science 10

Abundant fossils
appear in rock record

544

P
R
E
C
A
M
B
R
I
A
N

Red iron oxide deposits

Single cell aquatic life
Formation of the Earth

Dates according to Geological Time Scale, 1999. Geological Survey of Canada Open File 3040.
It is recognized that there is some variation in the dates given in the literature.

Data Page 7

Data Page 8

Science 10
geologic uplift

Different sources will provide varying information.

phosphate
rocks

runoff and
leaching
plant and
animal waste

mining
(phosphate fertilizers
and detergents)

decomposers

weathering

phosphate
in soil

ocean

THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

200

plant
and animal
waste

shallow ocean
sediments

dissolved in
waterways

marine
life

100 000 000

ocean
sediments

1000

leaching
into soil

20 000 000 000

Earths
crust

soil

mineable
phosphate
10 000 60 000

100

200

4000

numbers represent stored

amounts in millions of metric
tons (1012g)

PHOSPHORUS CYCLE KEY

numbers represent flows
200
in millions of metric tons
(1012g) per year

50

4000

fish harvest

uptake by
terrestrial
organisms

terrestrial
organisms

fertilizers

fresh water

10

.01

dissolving

guano bird
islands

industrial
waste

weathering

DIAGRAM NOT TO SCALE

Science 10

Data Page 9

F
I
X
A
T
I
O
N

N
I
T
R
O
G
E
N

NITROGEN FIXATION

nitrogen-fixing
soil bacteria

nitrogen-fixing
bacteria in root
nodules of legumes

NH4+

nitrogen oxides
from transportation
and industry

NO, NO2

NH4+

NH4+
NO3

NITRIFICATION

nitrifying
bacteria

decomposers
(bacteria and fungi)

decaying plant
and animal waste

ash

NH3

NO2

NITRIFICATION

nitrifying
bacteria

G AND RUNOFF
LEACHIN

sewage and fertilizers

NH4+, NO3

fertilizer
application

UPTAKE BY PLANTS

plants

G
A
S

T
O

C
O
N
V
E
R
S
I
O
N

NH3

Atmosphere: primarily N2 with traces of NH3, NO, NO2

THE NITROGEN CYCLE

NO3

D
E
N
I
T
R
I
F denitrifying
I
bacteria
C
A
T
I
O
N

N2

NH4+, NO3

P
L
A
N
T
S

B
Y

U
P
T
A
K
E

NO3

DIAGRAM NOT TO SCALE

S
E
D
I
M
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N

dissolved NH4+, NO3

N2 ATMOSPHERIC FIXATION (lightning)

acid precipitation
HNO3

N2, NH3, NO, NO2, NO3

MAP OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA

LT
AU
IF
AL
EN
D

N TREN
UTIA
ALE

KA

AS
AL

CH

YU
KO
N
N.W
.T

FAU
LT

B.C
.

TA
ALB

QUEEN CHARLOTTE

STIKINE
VOLCAN
IC
BELT

ER

PACIFIC
PLATE

ANAHIM
VOLCAN
IC
BELT

EXPLORER RIDGE

EXPLORER
PLATE

JUAN DE
FUCA
PLATE

Mt. Baker

WA
SH.

K.

FU

MON
TAN
A

Mt. St. Helens

SAS

DE
AN E
JU IDG
R

NORTH
AMERICAN
PLATE

CA

ID

CA
VO SCA
LC DE
AN
OE
S

N
W

IF.

E
SAN
AND

UTAH

RADO

Convergent boundary

Yellowstone

IDA
NEV
HO
ADA

T
AUL
SF

Transform boundary

ON

REA

LEGEND

EG

COLO

OR

CAL

GORDA
PLATE

MIIN

Divergent boundary
Plate movement

WYO

ARIZ

ONA

Volcanoes
Data Page 10

Science 10

Nazca Plate

African
Plate

Transform boundary

Indian-Australian
Plate

Eurasian Plate

Plate movement relative to the African Plate

Convergent boundary

Antarctic Plate

South
American
Plate

Mi
dlantic Ridge

Divergent boundary

Pacific Plate

Cocos Plate

Juan
De Fuca
Plate

North American Plate

TECTONIC PLATE BOUNDARIES MAP

ise

Science 10

East Pacific R

At

Data Page 11

Volcanoes

Mountains