Steps to backup SAP HANA database using command line.

SQL command line backup are recommended in batch mode only

Login to SAP HANA Server
First we need to connect to SAP HANA server using Linux clients (eg: putty) with root
user.
Switch to SAPHANA Admin User
Now we need to switch to SAP HANA admin user using following command.
# su - hdbadm
Start HDB SQL Prompt
Use following command to open HDB sql prompt .
$ hanadb1:/usr/sap/HDB/HDB00> hdbsql
Connect to Database instance
Now connect to SAP HANA database instance using following command. For below
command you required sap hana server name and database instanace number and
password for SYSTEMaccount.
hdbsql=> \connect -n <server name> -i <instance number> -u <user> -p
<password>
[Use Command Like Below]
hdbsql=> \connect -n hanadb1 -i 00 -u SYSTEM -p PASSWORDHERE //
Connected to HDB@hanadb1:30015
Execute Following Command to Backup
After successfully connecting to SAP HANA database instance, start backup using below
command.
hdbsql HDB=> BACKUP DATA USING FILE
('/backup/HDB/data/BACKUP_FULL_2014/SAPHANA')
On successful backup you will get results like below.

Output: 0 rows affected (overall time 672.508245 sec; server time 672.505331 sec)
All backup files will be created in /backup/HDB/data/BACKUP_FULL_2014/ directory.