Determination of the Enthalpy Change of Selected Reactions

Calculation of theoretical enthalpy change of each reaction

We use the formula

where np --> stoichiometric coefficients of the products

nr --> stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants
standard enthalpy of formation of a product
standard enthalpy of formation of a reactant
1) NH3 + HCl
Thermochemical net ionic equation: NH3 (aq) + H+ (aq) NH4+ (aq)
np: NH4+ : n= 1,

nr: NH3 : n=1,

and H+ : n=1,

2) NaOH + HOAc
Thermochemical net ionic equation: HOAc (aq) + OH- (aq) OAc- (aq) + H2O (l)
np: OAc-: n= 1,
and H2O: n=1,

nr: HOAc : n=1,

and OH- : n=1,

3) NH3 + HOAc
Thermochemical net ionic equation: NH3 (aq) + HOAc (aq) NH4+ (aq) + OAc- (aq)
np: NH4+ : n= 1,
and OAc-: n= 1,

nr: NH3 : n=1,

and HOAc : n=1,

4) NaOH + HNO3
Thermochemical net ionic equation: H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) H2O (l)

np: H2O : n=1,

nr: H+ : n= 1,

and OH-: n= 1,

5) CuSO4 + Zn
Thermochemical net ionic equation: Cu2+ (aq) + Zn (s) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)

np: Zn2+ : n=1,

and Cu : n=1,

nr: Cu2+: n= 1,

and Zn: n=1,

6) Na2CO3 + CaCl2
Thermochemical net ionic equation: Ca2+ (aq) + CO32- (aq) CaCO3 (s)
nr: CaCO3: n= 1,

nr: Ca2+: n= 1,
and CO32-: n=1,

Sample Calculations

Calculation of Ccal (Trial 1, reaction 5)

Reaction
numberTrial
number
5-1

Ti (C)

Tf (C)

T (C)

nLR (mol)

29.5

30.5

0.008

Calculation of

Reaction
numberTrial
number
5-1

Ti (C)

29

(Trial 1, reaction 5)
Tf (C)

36.5

Calculation of cmetal
Trial
Mass (g)
1
50.40

T (C)

7.5

Ti,cal (C)
28

nLR (mol)

Average Ccal
(J/g C)

0.008

287.2286

Ti,metal (C)
94

Tf (C)
31

Calibration of the calorimeter

Reaction
numberTrial
number

Ti (C)

Tf (C)

T (C)

nLR (mol)

Ccal (J/g C)

Average Ccal
(J/g C)

1- 1
1- 2
2-1
2-2
3-1
4-1
4-2
5-1
5-2
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4

36
35.8
30
30
33
30
29.5
29.5
29.5
21
30
32
32

37.8
38
32
32
34
32
32.5
33
30.5
22
32
34
34.5

1.8
2.2
2
2
1
2
3
3.5
1
1
2
2
2.5

0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.008
0.008
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005

155.1389
126.9318
139.625
139.625
279.25
139.625
93.08333
127.6571
446.8
279.25
139.625
139.625
111.7

141.0354141
139.625140
279.25279
116.3542116
287.2286287
209.4375209
125.6625126

Determination of Hrxn

Reaction
numberTrial
number
1- 1
1- 2
2-1
2-2
3-1
4-1
4-2
5-1
5-2
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4

Ti (C)

35.9
35.9
30
30
32.5
30.5
30.5
29
29.5
32
31
32.1
32.1

Tf (C)

37.1
37
34
34
35.5
32.5
33.5
36.5
37
30
30
31.9
31.9

Specific heat of Iron Nail

Trial
Mass (g)
1
50.40
2
49.91

T (C)

1.2
1.1
4
4
3
2
3
7.5
7.5
-2
-1
-0.2
-0.2

Ti,cal (C)
28
27.5

Experimental
Hrxn

Theoretical
Hrxn

-33848.5
-31027.8
-111700
-111700
-167400
-46541.7
-69812.5
-269277
-269277
83775
41887.5
5026.5
5026.5

-52220
-52220
-56090
-56090
-52470
-55840
-55840
-218660
-218660
13070
13070
13070
13070

Ti,metal (C)
94
94

Tf (C)
31
31

% error

35.18099
40.58258
99.14423
99.14423
219.0395
16.65174
25.02239
23.14863
23.14863
540.9717
220.4858
61.5417
61.5417

cmetal (J/g C)
0.3953
0.4657