De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)

Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(1)

(2)

1. (S K) R

1. T (F F)

2. K

/SR

2. (F F)

/ T

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(3)

(4)

1. G E

1. S Q

2. H E

/ G H

2. S

/ Q

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(5)

(6)

1. N P

1. F B

2. (N P) T

/T

2. B (B J)

/FJ

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(7)

(8)

1. (B M) (D M)

1. Q (F A)

2. B D

2. R (A F)

/M

3. Q R

/FA

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(9)

(10)

1. T (T G)

1. (B G) (F N)

2. G

2. (G N)

/ T

/ (B F)

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(11)

(12)

1. (J R) H

1. T

2. (R H) M
3. (P J)

/ M P

/ST

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(13)

(14)

1. K (B M)

1. (O C) (S D)

2. D (K M)

/ D B

2. (E D) (E C)

/OS

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(15)

(16)

1. (U W) X

1. T R

2. U U

/ (U X)

2. T R

/ T

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(17)

(18)

1. S N

1. M (U H)

2. S Q

/NQ

2. (H U) F

/MF

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(19)

(20)

1. R P

1. H B

2. R P

/RP

2. H D
3. (B D)

/H

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(21)
1. J (G L)

(22)
/ G (J L)

1. S (L M)
2. M (L R)

/SR

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(23)

(24)

1. F (A K)

1. (I E) C

2. G (A K)

2. C C

3. F G

/AK

/I

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(26)
1. H U

(25)
1. T G
2. S G

/ (T S) G

/ H (U T)

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(27)
1. Q (W D)

/QW

(28)
1. P (E B)
2. (B E)

/ P

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(29)

(30)

1. (G J) (H Q)

1. I (N F)

2. J Q

/ H

2. I F

/F

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(31)

(32)

1. K R

1. C (L Q)

2. K (R P)

2. L C

3. P

/ R

3. Q

/ C

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(33)

(34)

1. (E A) (F A)

1. (F H) N

2. E G

2. F S

3. F G

/A

3. H

/NS

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(35)

(36)

1. T (H J)

1. T (A N)

2. (H N) T

/TH

2. T N

/ T N

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(37)

(38)

1. (D E) (E D)

1. (O R) S

2. (D E) (G H)

2. (P R) S

3. E G

/GH

/ R

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(39)

(40)

1. (L P) U

1. A W

2. (M U) I

2. A W

3. P

/I

3. R A

/ (W R)

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(41)

(42)

1. (S T) (S T)

1. G M

2. (S T) (T K)

2. G M

3. S T

3. G (M T)

/SK

/T

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(43)

(44)

1. O (Q N)

1. H I

2. (N E) S

/OS

2. H (I F)
3. (H I) F

/F

De Morgans Theorems (DM): ~(p q) (~p v ~q)

~(p v q) (~p ~q)
Commutation( Com): (p v q) (q v p)
(p q) (q p)

Transposition (Trans): (p q) (~q ~p)

Material Implication (Impl) : (p q) (~p v q)
Material Equivalence (Equiv): (p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) v (~p ~q)]

Association (Assoc): [p v (q v r)] [(p v q) v r]

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Exportation (Exp): [(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Distribution (Dist): [p (q v r)] [(p q) v (p r)]

[p v (q r)] [(p v q) (p v r)]

Tautology (Taut): p (p v p)
p (p p)

Double Negation (DN): p ~~p

(45)
1. P A
2. Q B

/ (P Q) (A B)