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web-site : www.unworldliness.org

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q+O M# H~_xH =# ^+fi=" H~}=x TOKH


_^. J qOK_O = =# =#H iu =iO` QO^~QOQ
`~=`Ok. HiH# Hey LO__O `C H^. Hh hu=e#
HiH =xy=_O O. Jq =#efl =ixfl |O^ _",
=#x L#fl`=H`fixfl Z^QhO_ J_O\~. =#+
JuHk=Ok =`" L#fl`uQ` HO OzH YQ
J<fi+}# q_z@Q~. "i OQu WC_ =#O =\__O ^.
J@=O\"iH `, HiH# f~HO_ rqOK_O ==
=#+ ^O H^. =#=*u JkH QO, 'YO HO HH`
=i rqOK_O ^xH? Jx \Q tfl~. D HiH r=H. D H
=< =x+ rq_. J~` W^ Y`fiO, =# =##
fin#~KH=_xH uflOK OHHx ux"Ok _. =i D
JO`~` = i~O Uq\?
~fi O Q i`Q# <fl =kiQ JxflO\x q_z@_O JO^iH
^O H^#flk +O. =~H" HiH =xy=_O _ nxH
=^#O H^. D HiH# H=OQ J^H `z, =# JO`~`
``efl J~O K H"e. P# =# P` i~` fixfl kOKO^
gQ W^ HiH# Z =KH" `H=_" D = ~#
i~O. nxx J~O KH"O> =iHO` q=~} J=~O.

20 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


WH_ =#O ^~}OQ OzH"# PK# Hey=O_,
~O^ L#fl"i =# =`" Ki< flO. P^uHOQ Qu
kOz# "iH WC_ =#O KC< q+ Hxfl =iOK=. D
q+ Uq\ "H `. L^~}, <=`OQ HiH#
f~H=_=#flk, WOH P^uH rq`O J_Q@x Q@=x+H
=`" =iOk. JO`Qx P^uH rq`O Hxfl J_Q =O^
"# "iH H^.
fiqHOQ |"# HiH#fl"iH, 'Mxfl H~ ! J#fl ^# JO`
PK~}`H"#k H^. *## <`# P^uH Q~= `= O`
J#=O ^fi~ P ~=`xfl `#fl"~ HH =#= =#` fixfl
Q J~O K #fl"~ _. Q =#= |#`# Q OKQe y#
^~ $^. D q+xfl QiOz "~ K# ^xfl Hk=@
K=K: ''M# H~O_, J#qOKO_! J~` ^x= g uH,
=#H P~Q ^|u#x q^OQ =iOKO_! g =H`fixfl =iO`
L#fl`"#kQ xiOK<O^ q`O HQO_ *Q`_O_!
s~HM# `xiQ J#qOK==, J KO_! J~`
"\H# fl L#fl`" # =#H P#O^xfl J#q OK_xH gQ, g s~H
# ^ KHO_! J^ q^OQ, =iO` L#fl`"# P^uH
P#O^xfl O^_xH gQ g =#H # ^ K, =#H

4. Y`fixfl JkQqOK_O Z? 21

M# J#q OKO_! g <<xfl Hx`K q^O Q M# H~H=^.


U=` PK<\ = Q = H < D ^# ||Q< `O k. <u H
x= =x+ `# <<xfl `< Hx`KHO_ _`~.
"\x \OK_O ^fi~ =# fin#==`Ok. H|\ <uH x=
=x+H J`O` ^H"#q.
J_q=$QOO\ D Y`fixfl =# =H`fix~}xH LQ
_ =zH K e. P `~ "` =`" Jk L#fl` q^# J OK_xH
^==`Ok. D 'L#fl`q^ JO> Uq\? N~=H$+ nxfl QiOz
W kOK~.
''...=_ ~H# P#O^ L<fl~. XH\ q+#O^O, ~O_=k
[ <#O^ O , =_ = k | #O^ O . [#O Jxfl" J# q OK
WOkM q+#O^O. Q=O`x <=~} K P## HiOK
=O HeQ P#O^xfl [<#O^O JO\~. Q=`H`~O =
H e Q P#O^xfl | #O^ O Jx JO\~ . < ` # |+
Q = `H `~ " # ` ~ "` PK~ x =xflO\ H Jf` O Q
==iOK~.

WO` =O^ 'L#fl` q^ J#fl=@# "__O =# L^O #


K# P#O^ XH^x #Oz =~H L#fl`"# ^xH K~_".
|#O^xfl O^_O ^O`~ O Q< HH x[OQ ^ "##fl q+ xfl
WH_ =#O =i_^. Y`fixfl JkQqOz, H L#fl`

22 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


q^# <~ H"O> |#O^xfl O^_O ^ "##fl ^~O =#
Q\ #=Hxfl Hey LO_e.
`xi J~` q+#O^xfl J#qOKO_. J~` g~ ^xfl
J#qOK ^u [<#O^xfl O^_xH J_`Qx q^OQ LO_e.
nx HO qKH}# J"@ KH"e. g HiH, WOk
M<fi+} qKH} LO_e. NH$+_ w` 'siH ~ ^fi~ HeQ
YO, ^Mxfl _ Hx`Ok Jx K_ (w` 5:22). =# O`
J# " _ Wk x[" #x ^ gH i ~ . q+ M#
J#qOK@C_ D ^## Q~ KH=_O = =# qKH} K
J"@ OO^`Ok. nx= <u H H=tH} H ^ HiH#
f~H< gHQ`Ok. D H=tH} H L^O |#O^xfl
O^QQ_" H^! nx` @ [<#O^xfl O^_xH `y# P^uH
^## _ K\e. g\=#, H=H=OQ =# q`=
Hn, =# M g^ HiH `y~, P "~ [<#O^O PH
~Q`Ok.
D q^OQ =#~fiHOQ =_# =H rq`O U^ XH<_ D
[<#O^xfl _ H#\ J`#fl` `xfl (^ Q=O`},
~= `#) ~ O Q PHOHO K =O P#fl==`Ok. J~` Q = O`}
H~H=_O = HeQ [<# PtOK_O XH q+ O. e `O =z<,

4. Y`fixfl JkQqOK_O Z? 23

~H~< Q=O`_ HO =`" Q=O`} H~_O "~ q+O. D


~ O\H ZO` =`O O|O^O ^ . ZC_` ^ _ "~ L^ O O_
Q=O`_ H" P## H~O\_ JC_ M g^ J`x HiH
H=OQ Pq~~`Ok. Wk =## O~OQ fin#OxH
`KH=_xH HiOk. N~=H$+ D q+xfl QiOz W
kOK~:
WOkM g^ PH~} ZC_ `Ok? JYO_ z^#O^
Q ~ " # Q = O` x< Jxfl M, O ` L<fl x
`#flC_ P PH~} Kz`Ok. P# P#O^xfl O^Qey#
"iH D K=H~ WOkM Z@=O\ PH~} HxOK^.
Z=~` `x, KHx \ Hxfl ~z K~, "iH =iHQ LO_
# O ~zOK^. ~[= xkOz# "iH Q_ x^
Mxfl=fi^. Q = ^#O^Ox u^<xfl ~zK# "iH J H~" #
OzH M Z@=O\ O`+O H#_^.

K=Ok ^ `= L^O =Oz^ J~< `= K> ^u


~ # k HH=_O = `C ^=\ `= HiH# =keOKHH H+ _ `
LO\~. J``O` J@=O\ " `=`= x KH=_xH
_ "#H_~. Hh ^x= Z@=O\ e`O LO_^. "i L^O,
`= P O @ "i#fl x*~f, ~ # " J~< z=~ F_`~.
H|\ Y`fi =< PO`~O yH rq`= # i+iOK_O W@=O\

24 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


J_O# *Q`Q ^\"e. N~=H$+ D q+O K
H~"# XH q^<xfl kOK~. H=O, H^O "^# `=
Z C _ |_ ` x P ## J_ y # C _ Q ~ ^ = W
=^#qK~.
''H=O, H^O "^# D |"# =<qH~ ^$+x OzH
q+ g^ LOz#O` HO Jq =# `= Q =i~.
J~` "\x Q=O`x " =~e#_ J" =# Q fl`Q
=i, =#efl Q=O`x =^ K~~. OzH M@ L#fl
HiH# Q=O`xH P~@OQ =~H"e. `\ =#+@ LO_
Hxfl Q=O`x g^ u, '< HxOK"O^? Jx P# g^
P Hxfl Ke. HiHxflO\h W^ q^OQ ^i =oOz ~# `=
\e. D =<qH~# =@@= Hh "\H =Oz`<xfl
<iOK=K.

"HO N~=H$+, ''=<qH~# =@@= Hh "\H


=Oz`<xfl <iOK=K Jx K#C_, =<qH~# <#O
K= Hh "\x J^ \, k K=K#x K_" P#
L^OQ `Ok. HiH# #"# q+ gkH =~e` =#O
_ #"# u < LO_`=. "\H L#fl` P^~` =~^ ~ #O
K =#O _ L#fl` ` Z^Q`O. "\x ~= ` J#O^x,
"\ K^HH` =#O _ P uH Z^Q`O. =~H"# Jq =Ozx

4. Y`fixfl JkQqOK_O Z? 25

<~ x i^= =`~. JC_ "\x == HiHQ qOKO .


Z=~` J#=~fiHOQ `# P`#h, D s~hfl, =## H^h
ZC_ `O\_, JC_ HiH JO`i~. ZO^HO> D
HiH, =<qH~ `C ^i \# q =`" . =~H=@ KO>,
=#O K# =~xfl |> HiH =# q`Qx, `=Qx
J=`~. HiH# `O " (Q=O`_ ^ ~=` ") =~e`
Jq =#efl |O^q=efl K, P#O^xfl Hey~. "\x J`O",
q^" =~e` Jq =#efl |O^, ^ _"~.
=#=_ fi=^OQ z^#O^ fi~_. P#O^=<k J`xH
fiqH" # k. ~fi` $+ ` "# P P#O^O, =#=_ x*xH "~ "~
H^. JO^=< "^O`O, =#=x Y`fiO P P#O^O
"#Hx LO^x zOk. `us Lx+` W kOk:
$+H ="# ~=` x*xH D P#O^xH =O. Z=~`
^xfl KqK~ "~ |#O^xfl J#q~. J#O`HO
($^O) D P#O^" H` Z=iH< Ti f_O, =^_O
_ ^_=. Wk XH> x*xH (=x+x) rqOK KOk. (2:7)
P#O^O #O_ = r=~ \~. \# <\ #Oz D P#O^O
=< Jq rqOz LO\~. nxx =^e~#_ P P#O^O<
b#==`~.(3:6)

26 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


=x+ H LxH D P#O^O "#Hx LO__OK` J`_
J`flOQ< ^x` UH="fix H~H=_O [O. Hh =x+
J*#O LO_, `## `# D ^ OQ#, =#Q# q# flO`HO
D P#O^xfl `# P` K__. `# J*#O=, `# ^O ^fi~,
=# ^fi~ ^xfl O^#O\_. Hx K@, Hx ^xfl "^H_O =
Y`fiO, ^x e`OQ U~_ |O^, ^ HQ`~.
=#O WO` =O^ KC#fl@Q P#O^O (s~O = HeQ) YO
H^. Jk Y^M Jf`"#k. ^xfl =#O ^O ~ Qx,
=# ~ Qx Z\H "~Q K_=.
=x+ [fi=O J`} P P#O^O HO J~ KK KOk.
K H_, Q xH_` # O` ^xfl uH, =#H ZO`
"kH# `~ "` Z@H Jk `# P`< LO^x, J#O`" # ~= `
`# P` Jx `O\_.
JC_ =`" KO^Q Lx+` K |_#...''Jiq`" # ^x<
P#O^=#flk Qx iq`" # ^x H^ (KO^Q Lx+` : 7.23.1)
J#fl ^## J#=~fiHOQ `O\_. =x+ D `xfl
J#u KO^O>, J# P#O^O Y^MHO> "~#^h, ^xfl
O^O> =## fin#O Kx `# Y`fixfl L#fl`"#
=~xH =~H"h, U^ XH u, `H `H"e.

5. O^ ^$H^O =# H fi=O 27

5. O^ ^$H^O =# H fi=O
=## fin#O KH"#fl OH" i^. =# fi"xfl
QiOz _ =#O ZO`HO` `H"e. O^ =#` fiGO
nxfl QiOz Uq K |_O^ WC_ =#O Ki^=. D GO =##
fin# O K H=_xH `y# ~H~ H ^` # J<kQ PKi =< fl~ .
O^ =#` fixfl 'GO Jx ZO^ <fl=O>, ^x
Q`H"# J<fi+}, #ij# ^fi~ =# g^ i
xO`}# OkOK_xH, ^x ^fi~ i~`#, *<^xfl
O^_xH H=# ^` # U~iK~. =#O WC_ KC H< =#` fi
GO JkH QO q"H#O^ fiq `= ` ~fi fi O qbHiOz#^.
D s~O =# XH H "# QO. D uH" # s~O
=# # LO_ XH ~ =`". =# s~Ox XH H "#
JOO H#H Wq ~O_ XH^x<H\ q`O KQ=. D H~}O
=< s~xH Hey# J<~QO =##, =# Hey# J<~Q=,
Xu_, s~hfl q`O K~.
D =# "#H P` LOk. J^ =x+ H x[`` fiO. s~O,
=# ^~ P` ^Hfi~O. =#, P` XH\ H=. D
~O_ "~"~.
nxx q=iOK_xH XH P^xH G L=<xfl fO^O. =#,

28 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


s~ =^ Q `_ "\ HO# u x `_ =`" . ` = HO#u x
Hey LO> ^xfl s~O Jx, Z= HO#u Hey# ^xfl =# Jx
JO\~. s~O, =# D ~O_ XH q^"# H, H~}, ^~
x= |_ xK~.
^~xfl =#Q =~=K. | =#O nxfl Q=xOz
LO_H=K. L^~} ~O_"~@ P~O fHx =Hx
K_O_. J`xH U==`Ok? J`x s~O h~Oz =_" HH, J`x
=# _ Mm J~`Ok. J`_ =iHxfl ~A L"O K
HhO PzOK_O _ J`xH H+= =`Ok. J`x ~ J`xH Q~O _^ .
J`_ =m P~O fH=_O ~Oa H=OQ J`x s~O Hx
OAO@Ok. *HH =~ =Ok. H|\ ^~~"# P~O
=#Q =~`O^#fl=@.
L^_ `# =~_# fi`H`=H P~O U q^OQ =#Q
=~`O^ Q~fiHOQ x~Oz# "<xfl =#O Lx+`
K^ ==K. P ~ O_ J^#, "\H O|OkOz# ^# # WC_
`O^O:
''=~! ~Q# zeH#C_ ^xx H "# ^~O H z
"#flQ U~_`Ok. J^ q^OQ, =#O u#fl P~Ox HuH "#
JOO H z =#Q U~_`Ok. <<! P q^OQ, =#
P~OK`, }O h\ K`, " Jyfl K` U~_`~.

5. O^ ^$H^O =# H fi=O 29
=~_# fi`H`= W J<fl_: ''=`! ^K < WOH
kOKO_!
''J~` q#! XH =x+ ^~ QO\~. k# ~A
(Z@=O\ P~O) u#=^. Hh h H=#O` h~ `Q. }O h\
=# HQ`Ok H|\ h~ `Q` LO> }O ^.
`O_ P[ "~ fi`H`= k# ~A U P~O u#^.
JC_ `# `O_ =^ =z, ''`O_! ##fl Uq =eOK=O\~? J<fl_.
L^_: ''|H, A~, = "^# =eOK!
fi`H`=: ''Jq < Q~ ~=_O ^ (J`_ "^# *HO
KHH_).
L^_: ''=~! |O_"# Jyfl =O_Q qye#, q}Q~
~Q i=}O Hey# xCH}H Z=Q [fieOK Hx Hey LO_^.
J^ q^OQ hx ^~ Q qye# XH QO= h "^
Q~ ~=. WC_ P~O fH! <# K#k h J~O J=`Ok.
fi`H`= P~O fx uiy `O_ =^ =K_. JC_ `O_
Uk J_y< =eOKQeQ_.
L^_: ''=~! |O_"# Jyfl =O_Q qye#, q}Q~
~Q i=}O Hey#, xCH}H# =m Q_" U q^OQ =O_OK=K,
hx ^~ Q qye# XH Qxfl, P~xfl JOkOK_O ^fi~
uiy [fieO*=K. ^x=< h= "^# *HO KHQeQ=.

30 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


H|\, =~! =# P~O #Oz, }O h\ #Oz, " Jyfl
#Oz U~_`~.
JC_ fi`H`= `O_ K#k J~O J~Ok. (KO^Q Lx+`
5:5.56)

^## J#=xOK "~=~< LO> " k# ~A h\x


=`" fO@ L"O K `= =# Uq [~Q`O^
`H=K!
x*xH =#=_ P` Hh =# H^. P` ZC_ fiKQ
LO_k, x`"#k, J#O`"#k. Jk ^ K`#O. =#=xx
fiK `" # JOO P` Qh =# H^. (=# P` H x=@
=`"). =# ^fi~ P` OKxfl x~kOK_O Qh, ^xH
uOkOK_O Qh KOk.
P`, =# J< x=@ ^fi~ OKO` OO^xfl
U~~KO@Ok. Hh =# x~O`~O =i K fi"xfl Hey
LOk. J@=O\ K " # x =@ # (=# #) x OQ
KQey#C_ Jk P`# +OQ uaOaOKQQ`Ok.
=# ~fi fi`O`" # k HH~< ^x#fl H qOz#q.
HO\H HxOKx ~=}=# |^H\, ^x #Oz |O_"#
Hx q_^ K< , P` H`~O K Hx *<^ xfl Ok<,

5. O^ ^$H^O =# H fi=O 31

=# H H ^fi~< =#=_ J@=O\ J^`# KQeQ_.


J}Hx q*#GO#, *<^xfl P^uH`# i~`#
kOz# ~O_ ^"Q q, "\ =^ L#fl Jxfl ~OQx
#q[ _ W^ q^O Q kOK|_~. x*xH =# x K@
^. u XHi =# P qfi=# XH Q" (nx< POQO
HH "O _ Jx ~<fl~ ). u =# qfiOx u XHi =#`
H|_ LOk. H|\ f =#, Jk ZH_ L<fl ~, D qfiO`
(r=, xs=, JxflO\`) iQ J#O^xOK|_ LO@Ok.
H~x+` (2:2.15) W kOk: '' 'J`_ Ht W=hfl
Ht~. 'J`x "Q K`< W=hfl J<H ~HQ ~^`<fl~.

=## QiOz# O^^$H^xfl J~O KH"O> QOc~"#


D ^ # # Q ~ O K H= LO@Ok. = #fl` H fi ~ O ,
^K ` # fi~ O J~# |" D "QHO`\H =O. ^x<` =#O
P` Jx <fl", J^ }xflO\# ~fiO `e# r"`Q
<Hx LOk. J^ ^K`# fi~"# |O. D ^K`#O H
"Q ~fiH ~fi= JxflO\ "Q# xO`Ok.
H "# ^~O` xi`"# D =# ~^~HOQ LO__O`
@ P` Ju K~= LO@Ok. ~fiA_# P` Wk JO`H~}O
(=O_ _ x=@) =`". Jk fiOHO H^.

32 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


^x fi=^OQ Z@=O\ K`#O ^. P` #Oz `z@#fl
HO`, P` H JO`H~}"# =#, Jxfl ==# "Q`
xO`Ok. =#O K uH"# HOu _ ^x #Oz =z#^.
J~` , `# fi O H H O HH ~<, ` # #O_ HOu
"=_`#fl@Q =# =#efl qO*Ok. =# `< JxflO\h
`HQey# ^xQ HxOz<, Jk x[OQ `H^. Jk
`H=_xH LQ_ XH x=@ =`". P` K`#O #Oz
J~= `K#fl HO` Jk "Q`Ok. ^x O`< Jk XH
=~"# *#^#OQ, QHOQ _ x KOk.
s~O, ^x qq^ JOQH#fl =# "~#^x =# O` J#=O
#Oz _ ~H~HQ x~Oz K=K. D q+xfl ijeOKO_.
=##fl k WOk ^xh "_O_< =#O PzOKQO,
$tOKQO, OHeOKQO, TOKQO, *HO KHQO,
P#OkOKQO, ~kOKQO. H|\, D J#=O ^fi~ D #xflO\h
KQeQ `H"# x=@ U^ =# LO^x `H=K.
=# `H"# JO`H~}=x x~OKO^ Lx+` D
HOk `~O K|_Ok:
''=#+, <# ~^#OQ L<fl# ^xfl K_^ Jh, ''<#
~^#OQ L<fl# ^xfl q#^ Jh JO@ LO\~. Z=~<
K__O, q#_O KQeQk =# ^fi~<. HiH, @^, J#=#O,

5. O^ ^$H^O =# H fi=O 33
#=HO, J#=HO, xH_, KOK`fiO, Q, `eq`@, O
W=hfl =#. z=~ XH} "#H #Oz `H#C_ J`_ ^xfl `H<k
=# ^fi~<. H|\ =# J<k XH\ LOk. (|$^~}Hx+`
1:5.3)

=# `## `# ijeOK< H P` ij<H LOk.


=# O` =#O =## ijeOK=K. ^x Uq
[~Q`#fl^ K_=K.
O^ ij# H~O =# =_ Q} (JO),
=_ , <Q q^ , J~^ i` LO\~. g\x WC_
=#O OQ `O^O.
ZO^ =# ZC _ XH q^O Q LO_^ ? =# =_ |"#
"#O H=_" nxH H~}O. P =_ ` fi=, ~[,
`= J< =_ Q}. uHOQ#, =#HOQ# D qfi=O`
D =_ Q}< = JOQ Hey=Ok. q``, *<xH,
P#O^xH ="#k ` fiQ}O. H^eH#, ^x ^fi~ K~^<xfl,
HiH#, JOux HeyOKk ~*Q}O. [_`fixH ="# `=
=i`<xfl, =O^|kx, J*<xfl HeyO k. `= =## #"#
~ OKiOK KOk. ~[ ^xfl #"H zO^~=O^~ K,
K~^<xfl HeyOz, JOux ~HuOk. ` fiQ}O L#fl` `
^i K`Ok.

34 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


Q}# x~fizOK_O JO` "# xH^. JO^K` q^~}_
Jq HeyOK e`# |\ "\x x~fizOK_:
xOQ`fiO (== g^ ""O H=_O), H= (Fiq), ^
"^#q ` fiQ}O = HQ`~. HiH, HO, ^fi+O "^#q
~*Q}O = HQ`~. =i`#O, =, x^ `= = HQ
`~. =# ` fiQ}O xK_O =# }O aOk. ~[
xK_O = O HQ`Ok. `= xK#_ O, }O
Un aOK^, rq`O T~H =~==`Ok. ("^O` OK^t 2:1416)

D =_ Q} U "qOK|_#fl q+O g^ XH
=H H =# Z x~}==`O^ P^~_`Ok. W^ =#=
=H`fix `_#, =#O_ K fi"hfl q=iOk.
=#O `~K, '<# < =# =~<fl# JO@ LO\O. =#
H#H XH Q}OK` U~~K|_` D q^OQ J#_O J^O. W XH
Q}O K` q`= iu `xi J~` =#= kQ*~_O,
~H Z^Q_O J<k WH Z\H [~Q^. Z=~ Z \~ J^
q^OQ LO_`~. H|\ =#x Q}# =~H=_O ^fi~ L#fl`
uQ`# K~H=_O ^"#x J~O KH"e.
=# K`#O, LK`#O (H#, H#) J< =@ `. Wq
=# x K "~fi~ # z~. K`#=O`"# ~
^~}OQ K Jxfl # JOH~O` _# (<#, <k J#fl)

5. O^ ^$H^O =# H fi=O 35

=O`< LO\~ (=# D u "~fi~ ==# e KOk


H|\ nxfl H K`# ~ Jx _ ==K). LK`# ~
JOH~O (<#, <k J< $) LO_^.
WqHH =# =~H L#fl`"# ~ xKQ^. H K`#
~x ^\ Jk H _ Q^. LK`# ~ U q^OQ H
K` # ~H kQ=# LO@O^, J^ q^O Q H K` # ~H ZQ=#
=~H ~ LOk. nxx =K` # ~ JO\~. WH_ _ JOH~
$ LO_^. Hh nxH, LK`# ~H K `_ LOk. =#
K`# ~x ^\#C_ D =K`# ~H ^ =kH
"tOk.
=# i^"# u LO> Jk =K`<xfl zOk. XH
q^OQ K Jk P`` =#"# u. JO^K`< N~=H$+,
''i^"# =# i^"# |k J^ i^"# P` _ Jx
K~.
D =_ XH =# KOk#q. Jq XH =x+ LO_
=_ =# H=. JO> XH =# =_ xKO
^#fl=@.
K` # =O`" # ~ ^~}OQ =# <#, <k J#fl JO=O`
_ Hx LO@Ok. =# # x OuOK _ = < fl D XH

36 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


K`#=O`"# ~H =`" =iOk. LK`#~ =##
J^ @Q"~ Q ^# x`# "~ =`".
=K`#O =## xOuOK =, J=HO < =. J~`
LK`# ~#, ^~} K`# ~# =## i~OQ
xOuOz# "~ =`" =K`<xfl K~HQ~.
=# <Q q^# (##) Hey LO@Ok. Jq =k, |k,
JOH~=, z`=. W=hfl JO`H~}O H "~fi~ ~O`~.
(=# P` H JO`H~}O, 'x=@ Jx WO` =O^
KC<flO). JO`H~}O H "^\ ~O`~"# '=k XH ==
H =Oz K_# JOK< "Ok. =~H ~O`~"# '|k =Oz
K_# x~~Ok. *HHx HeyOK ~O`~O 'z`=. '<# J<
"xfl HeyOK ~O`~O 'JOH~=. OKxfl QiOz
`H< us D <Q ~O`~ L yOK|_`~. J~`
D <Q q^ UHHO [~Q`<flx JxOK@O` `fi~Q
XH^x<H\ J#iOz KHKH [iy`~.
J~^ i` =# `## `# =HHiOKO@Ok. Jq:
Kki# (qH ) iu , pH\ Hq# (uq~=$`) iu , _Q@
O@#fl
(`$`) iu , UHQ" # iu , =ku . g\x q"H#O^ fiq
W q=iOK~:

5. O^ ^$H^O =# H fi=O 37
=# H Kki# iu K~^<xfl zOk. D iu
Y^MQ ~k^H< fi"xfl Hey LO@Ok. pH\ Hq# iu
J<H`#, =i`<hfl HeyOz, x KOk. D ~O_ i`
~H fiqH"#q. =_=^# _Q@O@#fl iu =#
H OnH $ ` = =fi_xH _ _ xfl z O k. Wk ^ = `
fiqH"#k. <Q=^# UHQiu =# UHQ==fi_xfl
zOK_" HH, P =#efl J~^=^# =kuH K~Ok.

^~}OQ =# pH\ Hq#, Kki# i` LO@Ok.


pH\ Hq# iu =x+ x`=Q#, =iQ# LO\_. Kki#
iu JOuQ LO\_. Q ^## JO K_O ^fi~
J^ =## '_Q\ , P 'UHQ=Q K=K. =##
fin#O KH=_Ox L^=O` ^xfl UHQO K_". J@=O\
=## U H~~OQO L yOz< Jk JO^ QQ HtO k.
J@=O\ =##fl "~ _ "~O Ja=$k k_ . J@=O\
=#Q Q_ Q Ow` q^fiO_`_. J@=O\ GA_
M`_`_. ^# ^fi~ =## D u #Oz =iO` UHQO K
JC_ Jk `# J~^=^# J`#fl` i u x K~ O@Ok. nxfl '=k
JO\~. D iu =K`#~x K~x P`H`~xfl
O^`O.

38 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

6. =## fin#O K< xx H+`~O KHO_


LO__O Z?
O^=`O H~O =# fi"xfl QiOz =#O HO`
`<flO. D *#O =# HO` _=K Hh ^#O`@ J^
=# =#efl fin#OH `z@^. =#` fixfl }OQ
K^ =#fl"_ =# iQ J^` LO> JO^ P~_= #k
Ug ^. WH_ =Y"# q+O Uq@O> =## fin#O
KH"#fl |"# OHO LO_e. Jk L#flC_ =#` fiG*#O
L Q_ `Ok. P |"# OH|xfl kOK_O HO x~t OK|_#
^## H=|^OQ JO Ke.
=#O K Hxfl # =, =##fl Hxfl W~ =, PK<
q^< = =## fin#O KH=_xfl =#" ^^ J^O
K O\O. J"q\ `H=_O =# ZO`Q< L Q_ `Ok.
ZO^HO> J"q\ `H=_O ^fi~ "\x =x"=K H^.
=# |"# W~, ~Q^fi LO> =## fin#O
K H=.
hux rq`xfl Q_` =## fin#O KH=. x~}OQ
H"_H xK J"@ LO> =## fin#O KH=.
=`^~ qOK J"@ L<fl, xH_x, Qlal rq`#

6. =## fin<xfl H+`~O KHO_ LO__O Z? 39

Q_ `<fl, JO> L^~} u#_O, `Q_O , =\__ O , xK _O,


x^=_O g\ ^xfl Ju Z=Q K< H Ju `=Q K<
=## fin#O KH=.
J"@ Hn J#=~ "^"^ K _O, J#=~O Q H "i
==~ `^~_O, "i q+ `H=_xH uflOK_O ,
`\"i `C # Zu K_xH ` ` __O W@=O\ J"@
LO> =## fin#O KH=.
s~xfl qs`OQ = _`<fl, J~Ox P^~ HO J~
K<fl, Hi#"# =#=`xfl \OK_xH ufl<fl, JOH~O`
Jq`OQ Qifi<fl =## fin#O KH=.
=# H qOz# ^=# kOK_xH _`<fl,
W`~ Sfi~xfl Kz D~_ `<fl, ZC _ =#O J##fl^ ~ # ^x
q<fl =#O =## OQ fin#O KH=.
U^ `C K=#fl =# =# ` LO> =## fin#O
KH=. H|\ J@=O\ "# =# #Oz iQ `yOKe.
W@=O\ "xfl =keOKH=_xH, K# `C z`k` `
__O`@ J@=O\ `C# =m KO_ LO__xH H=#
OHHx W=fi=x ^=} iOK_" ~# =~O.
=## fin# O K H=_O q[O kOKO>, Q\ OHH`

40 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


@ P`qfiO _ LO_e. Q=n` NH$+_, '=x+ `#
|#`# `< J}z"x, `## `< L^iOKH"e Jx
kOK_ (w` 6:5). =## fin# O K H"#<"~ D ^# #
`xiQ J#iOz, JOKe.
=## =#`< fin#O KH"e. =## fin#O
KH=_O Z^~ z, J_O =# =# $+OK".
`z@ #fl (H$u=) ^` ` Hk< =## fin# O LOK_O
J^O. `fl~fiHOQ, FHQ, `eq`@`, H=tH}` H+_
xK _O ^fi~, Q ~fiHOQ sHO K|_# ^` # J#iOz,
JOK_O ^fi~ =`" Jk ^==`Ok.

7. kOK x g^ i# J=Q# J=~O


=## fin#O KH=_xH U q^"# z\, J_^= =.
D q+xfl +OQ J~O KH"e, iQ XCH"e. =# K
xfl`"# x=@. Ju`eq`, `, `O^~@` ^xfl
fin#O K H=_xH uflOK=^x KiH! =## K *Q`Q
OoOKe. D xx iQ =# =#" KH"e. _| Kx
"~ Z=fi~ =# D xx K@~. Wk =# O` x. `xiQ
nxfl =# =#" KH"e. g\H `_, D xx K_xH =#
Q Fiq H"e. q"H#O^ fiq W kOK~:

8. JO`~OQO XH # "`=~}xfl $+OKe 41


''=## H=OQ, XH ^u fin#OH `KH"e. <=kQ,
@^`, Z_`Qx i=` =# OHHx |~KH"e. W^g
z#fl P@H^ D ~A uflOz ~ =^e" '+< (<QiH
qO) H^. W^H rq`H~O (rq`H=O` > x). JO`HH nx
^fi~ =#O kOK Q=O HO ZO` H+_ Jk =O["
ZO^HO> Jk ^=H`~" Q#H! J@=O\ Q=xfl =#O `H
K~Q=x `#fl `~"` ^xHO ZO` "zOz< Jk `"
J=`Ok.

8. JO`~OQO XH # "`=~}xfl $+OKe


=## fin#O K H=_xH H=# ^# # K O> ^xH
`y# XH PO`~OyH "`=~}xfl $+OK_O J=~O. JO^ =#=
rq`O Z^~ Hxfl `xi q+# qkQ JOwHiOK_O
J=~KH"e. Jq `xi Jx `e _, K~ =#O "\x
JOwHiOKO. e`OQ J#=~"# =#H PO^# HQ`~.
Hh =## fin#O KH^K#fl"~ D J#=~ PO^#`
=## xO"_O =#H"e. ZO^HO> J=~"#, `xi
PO^# Z" LO_< L<fl~ H^! 'JOQ`~ xH |^_
kOz# D ^## J#+OK_O =# K " KOk.
''a~! (a=~!) ~+, , Q$, <fl
JO^~ D J~^ q+ `xiQ ^#O Ke.

42 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


1. U^"H~A# < =$^ O HQ`Ok ^xfl <# ` OKH#.
2. U^ XH ~A# < J<~QO HQ`Ok ^xfl <#
`OKH#.
3. U^ XH ~A# =$`= ##fl H|oOk ^xfl <# `OKH#.
4. <# Jq`OQ qOz, <q Jx qOK ==hfl U^ XH
~A# =~, <<xH, Z_@ #" ^xfl <# `OK#.
5. <# K#fl # =< <# W `~#. < #
Z@=O\"< =Oz"<, K_"< "\H <# "~} H=O^.
a=~! =$^xfl ^xOK_O ^fi~ =fi#O =# HeQ
J OH~xfl J<~Qxfl ^xOK_ O ^fi~ P~Q O =# H e Q
JOH~xfl =$`=# ^xOK_O ^fi~ r=#q^#O =# HeQ
JOH~xfl u== HeQ =~x, <<xfl ^xOK_O ^fi~,
Jhfl <H H"< |"# HiH# J}z"=K ^ HhO `yOK=K.
=#O K # e`<fl =#O J#q=#fl `xfl ^xOK_O
^fi~ PK#, =@, # K_ K< ^~~ fi=O
J}Q~`Ok, HhO `Q`Ok.
Z=_` D S^ q+ # ^x_, J`_ `# JOH~xfl, HiH#
J}z" Q Q `_ ^ H h O ` y O K HQ Q `_ . ` ^ fi~
x~fi}=~O =O^ Q`_.

|^_ L^t Oz# D ^# ~HO Q =## i^O K _xH


LQ_`~.

9. ~O_ ~H PO`~OyH J 43

9. ~O_ ~H PO`~OyH J
=## fin#O KH=_xH ~O_ ~H PO`~OyH J#
=#O U~~KH"e. XH ~HO fi` ukH#, ^qHOQ
LyOK_xH, ~O_=~HO JH`Q P_xH g# H=O`"#
Q (x~^HQ) LyOK_xH.
"^\~ H O =# ^~} i` P~QH~" # =~^ ~ HQ
xK~. ~O_=~HO J`=~ i` =#efl H_`~.
"^\ ~HO J# ^# KH` ~O_= ~Hxfl ZO` =`O
qxyOKH=. nxH H~}O +O. J^q@O> ~O_= ~HO
J# qxyOKH=_xH H=# H "^\ ~Hxfl *Q`Q
JOK_O ^fi~ =`" =~`Ok.
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1. x~}`H" # PK< ^u rq`xfl J=~H"e. XH ^# Ok#
H~H=O J=~O , =#O K u h J~= O`OQ LO_ Hxfl ^q H
P^~# U~~KH"e. =# #_=_H Hxfl <uH q= H@|_
LO_, P q= K =~O =O^ Qe.
<uH q=, P^~ x"iH, rq`O XH H=^u x"iH
=## fin#O KH=_O J^OQ `Ok. =## fin#O
KH"O> rq`O XH |^"# #_=_H# J=~KH"e.

44 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


2. =# H K`fixfl QiOz JO^~ <#_Q KCO\~.
^xfl J^Ke. q"H#O^ fiq kOz# '~[QO =#
H KOK`fixfl W =iOK~.
''=## fin#O KH=_O ZO` H+O! x*xH, ZO` ||Q,
^xfl XH z\ # Hu` ~. XH Hu LOk. Jk fi=s`, Jxfl
H`Q< K K`fixfl Hey LOk. Jk K#@, Z=~ ^xH
Q ~~ `yOK~. ^x` Jk =iO` Q KyOk. JC_
^xfl XH ` \Ok. ` _` =x+ ~[O` <` QO`
"_ Q^! WOH P Hu iu Z\ H<fl ~OQ LOk. WH ^x
^ i~` HeyOK_xH J#fl@ ^xH XH ^O \ Ok. WH
P Hu Qh, J_Px ^x JOuh U + =iOKQO? =x+
=## J@=O\ Hu` =K. fi=^OQ Jk K K
fi=O Hey LO@Ok. P # HiH (H=O) J< =^=# Q `yOk.
J HiH HH# `~"` ^xfl H"~ Q_` K_x J
J< ` \Ok. z=iQ JOH~O J< ^O @_O` JO^i H#fl
<< =Y} J< PK#` =# xO_~Ok. J@=O\ =##
fin#O KH=_O ZO` H+O?

H|\, =# H xH_x`<xfl J^ KO> ^xH Q


H~} Uq\ `H"e. P H~} Uq\? =#x =e<
^xH H~}O.

10. =# ZO` ^"#^` ^x fin#O JO` O 45

10. =# ZO` ^"#^` ^xfl fin#O KH=_O


JO` O
q"H#O^ fiq W kOK~:
=# ZO` i^"#^` ^xfl fin#O KH=_O JO` O.
=# H q``, ^xfl fin#O KH=_xH J`O` P=H"#
q+O. =## fin#O KH=_O i~"# x*~f
~fifiO. x*~f i~` Ok# =H P K=#^g ^
J`_ ~fi`O`_.

=## fin#O KH=_O ^x q`` g^ P^~_`Ok.


`O =#O =## xOuOKH=_xH H~}O ^x Jq``!
XH H =## =iO` Jq`O K r=<xfl H#y, =~HH
^x< fin# O K H=_xH FH` ufl ^x= Z@=O\ ` e `O
HQ^ . J^ q^O Q, =## q`O K H=_xH Z@=O\ `flO
KO_ ^xfl fin#O KH=_O _ ^O H^. =O^ #Op
K q`"# =## Hey=O_ Hk=Ok q+O =`" Jk
^_`Ok. H|\ =#x =e<# `yOK_O` @ ^xfl
fin#O KHQeQ JH=O =# J=~O.
J~` =# LO_ D Jq`` , =e< Uq\? J" J,
^fi+O, HO, O, D~, H"^HO, ^~, "O, "O "^#

46 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


`#, H}H", L^H. W=hfl ~[, `= #Oz _`~.
D Jq`` =# ~Q^fi# \Oz ^x O``#
O Q~ ~.
=i D Jq``# `yOK^?

11. =# H fi~xfl =~H=_O


=# +H~"# P~xfl JOkOK_O ^fi~ ^xx =e<#
H=OQ `yOK=K. `^fi~ =# fi~xfl =i qye# ~O_
Q} H#fl ` fiQ}xfl OO^@@ K=K. z@z=~ ` fiQ}xfl
_ JkQqOK=O^. J~` ^xHO> =O^ P ` fiQ}O `=,
~[ H#fl |=`~O H"e.
Lx+` ^# H~O =# P~O =# U~_`O^x WO`
=O^ KC<flO. (KO^Q Lx+` 6:5.4). D ^## P Lx+`
WOH W q=iOk:
=#O fiHiOK P~O =_ q^Q ~O`~O KO^`Ok.
^x Z= QO (QO) =OQ qiOK|_`Ok. Hk
i=}O (=^QO) =# s~Ox =OOQ ~O`~O KO^`Ok.
Ju Hk i=}O (H QO ) =#Q U~_`Ok (KO^Q
Lx+` 6:5.1).

11. =# H fi~xfl =~H=_O 47


~Q# zeH#C_ ^x Hk i=}O (H QOQ) L#fl
"#fl U q^OQ H ``O^, J^ q^OQ u#fl P~O H QO
H Ki =#Q ~O`~O KO^`Ok. (KO^Q Lx+` 6:6.12)

J =# P~O H ~O`~O H|\ [OQ< P ^#


WOH W q=iOzOk.
ZC_` 'P~O i^=`O^, JC_ =# q`=`Ok.
=# q`"` "^H (*H H) ~=`Ok. ZC_` XH_
~"# *HHx O^`_ JC_ J`} OKxH H\ _"
|O^hfl `y`~ (KO^Q Lx+` 6:26.2).

PkOH~ +O ''P~O JO> *<O k ^fi~ xH fH|_


Jxfl q+ L^~} , ^$, "# W=hfl _
L<fl~. ''=# i^=`Ok J#fl =@ =# Hxfl
$+Oz, ^x fin<xfl J^O K ~QO, ^fi+O, Ou "^# "\
#Oz q=H O^`O^x J~O. H|\ =## fin#O KH=_xH
J=~" # ^q H ^u Uq@O>, J@=O\ ~QO, ^fi+O , Ou HeyOK
P~xfl fHO_ LO__".
J~` =i U ~H"# P~O D ~Q^fi+O`# HeyO^
`H=_O Z? Q=n` H~O ~[H, `=H P~
~Q^fi +O`# Hey~. u fiH P~O =x+ ~Q^fi +O`#
`yOk. =#H iux q`O Kk <\ ^fi~ f< P~O

48 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


XH> H^. J~` ~~, =`=O^ "^# "\x <\ ^fi~
fO\=. Jq =## K q`O K~. XH Q OK^~
h\x `y` Z LO@O^, XH Q ~~x `y` Z LO@O^
=#O OQ QOK=K H^. =# g^ =`=O^ =O
[Q"iy# `O. W" HH, WO` =O^ KC#fl@Q, =#O H`
Kq, K=` q<q, Ku` `Hq =# =# Q "xfl
K`~. XH x=< ^ XH L<" =# ~H~ H PK#
J# ~`~. "\ =O = =## P xOuOK_O H+O
H=K ^ O H=K.
H|\ =## fin#O KH=_xH J#"# i`#
~OkOKH"O>, P~ q+O qKH} HO`=~ ^^O
KOk. W`~ WOk ^fi~ xH fH< q+ _ JO`
=YO. P~ q+O, =## fin#O KHQ~"~, ~[H,
`=H P~H#fl u fiH P~O " "Q K_O ~O. <\
^fi~ QOK P~xH O|OkOz#O` =~ Q=n` =# i#
=~^i.
[=` fi#, Hx, |xfl, P~Qxfl, O`xfl, r~Hh OOkOK
~zH~"# ~i`"#, `y#O` #< He# P~xfl u fi
W+_`~.

11. =# H fi~xfl =~H=_O 49


K^Q, Q, LQ, Jq`"# "_Q, H~OQ, @Q L#fl
P~xfl, ZO_~#, He# P~xfl ~[ W+_`~. W@=O\
P~O s~xH <x, ^#, ~Qxfl HeyOk.
K\, ~zx, HOQ_`#fl, =O^~A =O_#, ux =ke"#,
Jq`"# P~xfl `= W+_`~. (w` 17:810)

u fiH, ~[H, `=H H} Hey# =#+ W+_ D "~fi~


~H P~ =~Q J@=O\ =#` fi< OOkOK_xH _
^^O K~.
` fiQ }O, ~*Q}O, `" Q}O J< =_ Q}, "~ fi~ "`^
H=_O = =#= fi=O ~O^`Ok. U Q}O Z=Q LO>, P
=x+ H fi=O J@=O\ H} Z=Q LO\~. `#
fi=O ~[, `= Z=Q L#fl =H, ZO` uflOz<,
` fiQ}O Z=Q L#fl =H =iOK_. JO^= NH$+_ x $
^fixOK, ''z=~ *x _ `# fi"xfl J#iOK =i_.
ZO` J}K<fl Uq\ [#O? (w` 3:33) Jx J<fl_.
J}KH=_O= J [#"g H`, =x+ fi=O JO`
_O_, =O^Q< x~~OK|_ (XH K@O ayOK|_#@) LO>
=## fin#O KH=_O QiOz KiOK_O J~O ^. H|\
NH$+_ K# ^xH J~O D q^OQ `Ok: =x+ `# s~H,

50 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


=#H fi"# `O_ =~H"e. JC_ =## fin#O
KHQ_. =# ~[, `= Z=Q L#flO`HO =#O ZO`
uflOz< ^xfl fin#O KHO. nxH Q H~}# J~O
KH=_O J=~O.
"^O` ^ W K`<fl~:
~[ =## K^~Q> H (qHH) LOk. K~^<xfl HeyOz,
x K ~ OK fi =O ^xH LOk. J<kQ, nx #OK x~ O ` ~ O
xK< K~^#O \Ok. nx #OK =# H ~O`~#
^, |O^O _ x~O`~O `~=` LO\~.
H=O, H^O, O, Q~, Q, JOH~O, D~, J
"^#=hfl ~[ LO_ ^~}. =#+ OzH H}
g\#OK _`~. JO^= ~[ |O^`=.
=# pH\ HqOK H `= LOk. nx< P=$u JO\~.
nx= q+ L#flq L#fl@Q HO_ "~Q Hx~. D H
=< =x+ =m =m [#``_. qHH (~[)x _ W^
~Ok.
i# x~ f< H, qKH}, H=_O `C_ x~
fH=_O J#=HO J#=#O W=hfl `= H J=H}.
pH\ HqOK H J~# `=` U HOKO O|O^O L<fl #
K|_# J=H} P =x+x =^e=. g\H `_ qHH (~[)
JO`x H# HeyOk (q"HK_=}: 111113,115).

11. =# H fi~xfl =~H=_O 51

~[ K^~Q> H, `= pH\ H" H Z=Q L#flO^


~=#OQ Jq =## xOuOK_xfl K H+^"# xQ
=~~. Hh =_= Q}O _ LOk. Jk =zKi#_ D x
HO`=~ P=OQ (l\"Q ) Hx O k. J^ ` fiQ }O. Jk qye#
~O_ Q}` qo`"Qx, ^"# ~OQx LO@Ok. ^xfl
QiOz "^O`O W kOk:
i^" # ` fiQ}O " # h\ LO@Ok. Hh ~[, `=`
He#C_ Jk #~# ^i fOk. U q^OQ ~_ = =
OKxfl "Q` xO`_ J^ q^OQ P` H x[`` fiO
` fiQ}O uaOaOk. qye# ~O_ Q}` He#C_
` fiH} D q^OQ LO\~. Jq: Q~fiO "< H=_O, =,
x= "^# "\x (x=efl) \OK_O, ^, H, Q=O`_
HO "` (==`fiO), ^=` LO_ q^"# " (^g
"), =OKO @ q=Y`.
O `+ O , ` # x[` ` fixfl Q ~ ~ Q _ O , ~ = O` O , O ` $ ,
|#O^O, P`O^ xH_Q LO_ H J<q ^` fiQ}O H
H}. g\ ^fi~ ^_ x~O`~"# P#O^xfl J#q_.
(q"HK_=}: 117119).

nxx |\ K =# fin<xH H=O`"# u|O^H,


|"# H D ~O_ _ =#< fiqHOQ L<flx

52 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


`Ok. D q+xfl J~O KH=_O K J=~O. ZO^HO>, P
^+ e fl F_OK_xH, H~" # i fi`O `xfl WKO^
`y# =xfl ~zOK_" J# =. =~OQ ~__O ^fi~ nxx
kOKO . ZO` < }O` =# JO`~O yH # xK~OK_O ^fi~
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=# fin<xH WC_ XH =`H"# fl Z^~=`Ok.
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^# ^ K_ ## `fi~< JO`"OkOk. (N=^Q=`O
11:13.1-3)

11. =# H fi~xfl =~H=_O 53

'i}u KOk# ` fiQ}O ^fi~ ^_ P^uH`# O^`_


J#fl D ^# =# ` J=~xH i_ O^xfl WOk. =##
fin#O KH=_=<fl, P^uH`# kOK_=<fl XH>#x ^x
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uQ}# OOk~ (N=^Q=`O 11:13.4).

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54 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


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11. =# H fi~xfl =~H=_O 55


O ^ # ` K =O`#, W` ~ x H e yOK =O`#
[OK_^. s~hfl, WO\h O K_O H#fl =# H i`
=# =Y"#k (N=^Q=`O 11:13.5,6).

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12. ^OQ`O 57

J~` x+OH"# $^O L#fl"~ =`" Q=O`} _x


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12. ^OQ`O =## fin#O KH=_xH


QQ _`Ok.
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58 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


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11:12.1,2).

12. ^OQ`O 59

=# J#|O^ Z=QO =# fi =O ~[ Z=Q LO__O


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13. `fiQ}O Z i^==`Ok?


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^O ^. `# P`#x Z=~` `O\_ J`xHOH fin#~K

13. `fiQ}O Z i^==`Ok? 61

H=# =# J<k qye LO_^.


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62 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


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(q"HK_=}: 26869).

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13. `fiQ}O Z i^==`Ok? 63

D = =< Jxfl ~H H`, Xu_ , =#H H HQ`~.


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64 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

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14. =## fin#~KH=_xH ^qH Q ^# 65


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15. qKH} XH LQH~"# JO 67

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15. qKH} XH LQH~"# JO


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68 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


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* < ^ xfl O^# < =x+ "\ K ~ , u K ~ # Z
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16. =# iQ =iOKO^ H=# tH} 69


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16. =# iQ =iOKO^ H=# tH}


XH ^$+` K =## fin#O KH=_=O> ^xH i#
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70 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


=# g^ @ kOK_xH Ju"# ^u Uq@O>
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Q_#fl Hn q=efl g~ g =# #Oz iQ "~Kx, g~,
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17. }=O 71
D x kOz#C_ =# g fin#O LO_ XH =xQ
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D q^OQ ZC_` =# [~OK|_`O^ JC_ P =x+ J`#fl`
uH Ki#>.

J~`, D ^## ~OaOz#C_ =# =#H Z@=O\


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17. }=O
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72 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


}=O =## fin#O KH=_xH XH =Oz =~=x
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18. `~ ^#
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(^ = g^) H OnHiOK =#efl iH`~. P == LO_
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kOK^< J~O.
WC_, nxx kOK_O ZQ K^O. q"H#O^ fiq nxfl QiOz
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18. `~ ^# 73
''OK=O`\ '=OzQ LO_! =OzQ LO_! =OzQ LO_! Jx
kOK_xfl =#O qO@< LO\O. U ^O<< ~, '^OQ`#O
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O K#"==`O. s~O , |\ [iQ Jxfl #
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(O~O U~~K#flC_) =`" [~Q`~. W+~fiHOQ Hh,
J~+OQ Hh =# P HO^ " Q|_`Ok. ^x=< [#O
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e`O Uq\? fin#"# =# WOk` `#O`@ `#Q
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nxfl `O[e kOz# `~xfl JO K_O ^fi~


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74 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


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=q+, *<Ok J#O^#H~ =#. ZC_`


=#x == #Oz "#H =~e", JC_ *<Ok _
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19. =~"# =#= O|O^ =Y` 75

PK# g^, L^H g^ @ k_. `~O H JO


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19. =~"# =#= O|O^ =Y`


UH HO_g^ Wz# O^O W kOK~:
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UH ^# Wk K =Y"# k. H =#+` =# O|O^


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76 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


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ZO`Q Oy~O^O> P`` _ ^ _ O k. J~` P Pux
XH =#H "^_ P" J ^# Hx@QeQ_. `# =#
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20. =# P~QH~"# HHO J=~O 77


^|uOk. JC_ XH =`Q~= P" __. P", 'h
W`~# ^fi+OK_O =O Jx `. h ^ix $^~fiHOQ
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HQK_ Jx P# WK_. P" D # \OzOk.
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20. =# P~QH~"# HHO J=~O


'xx"_ =# XH K i= J#fl "` =#HO^~
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78 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


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J=O HO_ LO>, Jk =Oz K_# QiOz PzOK_O
=x" J`_ WOH _=# x^. Hh J^ =O J`_
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iQ P`ij# KO> =# JHxH H~}O =#


U=~@`#" J#flk += =`Ok. D U=~@`#O =# K
[OQ J=_`Ok. ZO^HO> L#fl`" # q+ # H$+ K@@Q
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JO =~H\ ^. ^x #O_ =, `^fi~ JOH~O, ^x #Oz
J#|O^, "\ #Oz ^ HQ`~.

20. =# P~QH~"# HHO J=~O 79


`# O^HO _`#fl } U q^OQ XH "kO^,
J^ q^OQ *x#"_ _ Q== HO __O K,
|k H fi" ^fi~, D U=~@`#O J`} OOk.
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U q^OQ "@#Oz *~q_z# |Ou XHH"> ^~` HOkH
_`O^ J^ q^OQ =# U HOKO `# P^~O #Oz H
`Cx, Q== gkH =~e< H=H=OQ Jk =s=s #uH
*i`Ok. (q"HK_=} : 32125)

~= `# O^@" D rq` J`#fl` P^~ =#fl *<xfl x~O`~O


=# =O^ LOK<O^ H$+ K e. =## xOQ K _xH
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80 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

21. THx kfixQO KH=_O J`=~O


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21. THx kfixQO KH=_O J`=~O 81


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T# `iqH@_xH i# T O =# J=~O.
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82 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


^=x PK## ZO` Z=Q K =# =# Hx`K H JO`Q
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22. ^#O H =Y`


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23. x~ #H=^ 83
rq`O "tOK~. =## fin#O KH=_xfl, ^<xfl D
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H#H< XHi XH t+_ |#O^ fiqx, '=~*! =##


fin#O KH=_O Z? Jx tflOz#C_ ^## Z PK~}
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23. x~ #H=^
W \ = ~ K #q ^ q H ^ # . =# # fin # O
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84 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


=# J`O` ~"# x~x $ <#C_, P iu
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24. J`=~ i` LyOK ^<


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24. J`=~ i` LyOK ^< 85

^< =# KuH JO^@ LO_e.


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O|OkOz# Q `O, '=# fin<xH J__ PK#
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g =#HuH Q x KQ^. P L## K^~Q@_O Z?
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=# ` KK x"fie. D q ` " # PK #
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JC_ LK`#u L#fl =# _O^x =#O QOK=K.

27. LK`#ux =## xOuOK_O 103

P# K`#ux =## fin#O KH=_O ^ H+O H^.


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=#O qOK#=~O ^. D LK`#u =#O WO` ~fiO K#
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(w` 6:43). ~fi[# OkOz# D =Oz|k` HeQ H~H
` [# =## fin#O KH=_xH K#fl `fl U^
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104 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


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iQ x~eO|_`~.
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27. LK`#ux =## xOuOK_O 105

QiOK_O ^ . ^xHQ H~} u~Qx=x "~ ` HOQ K #=~O


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106 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


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27. LK`#ux =## xOuOK_O 107


Hz qq^ ^# `` ~ z=~ "^_# K~`Ok. JC_
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108 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


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28. =# K =# `HO_! 109

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110 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


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29. "_x #""i^ K~.


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29. "_x #""i^ K~ 111

ZC_` H=O, H^O "^# =<qH~ ` JC_ =#


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30. =# fin<xH "#, u~Qx ^u 113


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114 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


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30. =# fin<xH "#, u~Qx ^u 115

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31. ~OO
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31. ~OO 117

Z=iH< =## fin#O KH=_O "i"i O`x. =##


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118 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?


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31. ~OO 119

=# H LK`#ux xOuOKO_ =## fin#O


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Q=O`} #=x"~, uQ}# fi`flO ^fi~ JkQqOz,
=## fin#O KH=K.
fin#"# =# J`O` q"#k. Jk =x+x *<^O "
#_Ok, ^#`=uH K~Ok.
` ` ` ` `

120 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

=# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z? 121

122 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

=# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z? 123

124 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

=# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z? 125

126 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

=# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z? 127

128 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

=# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z? 129

130 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

=# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z? 131

132 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

=# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z? 133

134 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

=# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z? 135

136 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

=# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z? 137

138 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

=# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z? 139

140 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

=# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z? 141

142 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

=# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z? 143

144 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

=# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z? 145

146 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

=# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z? 147

148 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

=# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z? 149

150 =# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z?

=# ^xfl fin#O KH=_O Z? 151

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