Thu Hut Nhan Tai

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CHNG 1
TNG QUAN
1.1 L do hnh thnh ti

Ngy nay, trong iu kin khc nghit ca thng trng, cnh tranh v ngun
nhn lc lun l vn nng bng ti cc cng ty. V bi vy, thu ht nhn ti,
cc doanh nghip khng ngng hon thin chnh sch pht trin ngun nhn lc
m theo , mc lng thng cng nhiu ch i ng khc lun c lnh
o cc doanh nghip c bit quan tm.
Vn qun l con ngi bao gm nhiu kha cnh : chm cng, tnh lng,
sng lc, tuyn dng nhn vin, o to, hun luyn, nh gi cng vic ca nhn
vin, son tho cc chnh sch lng thng, cc ch i ng lao ng
Nhng mt trong nhng vn quan trng nht m cc chuyn gia qun tr nhn
s khng th b qua l vic hoch nh v thc hin cc chin lc pht trin
ngun nhn lc, thu ht nhn ti v lm vic cho cng ty ng thi khng h
thp thm vi tm l ng ni ny trng ni n.
Theo kt qu t mt nghin cu ca hai cng ty Walker Information v
Hodson Institute gn y cung cp mt s thng tin v s trung thnh ca nhn
vin trong doanh nghip nh sau :
9
Ch c 24% nhn vin thy rng h tht s trung thnh, tht s cam kt
ng gp vo nhng mc tiu, nhng hot ng ca cng ty v sn sng
li lm vic trong doanh nghip t nht hai nm.
C n 33% nhn vin trong doanh nghip khng h c mt cam kt,

mt k hoch tn ti trong doanh nghip lu di.
Nhng c n 39% nhn vin c xem l b min cng lm vic. H

li lm vic ch v mt vi nguyn nhn no (lng bng, v n, quen
---2 ---
bit, ch tm vic khc) m chng h c mt k hoch c th no nhm

mang li li ch cho doanh nghip.
Tt c nhng nh qun l, nhng ch doanh nghip u nhn nhn rng h phi
lun tr gi rt cao cho vic ra i ca nhng cng s then cht. Mt trong nhng
tc hi thng thy l s ra i ca nhng cng s then cht s ko theo nhng
khch hng sang trng. Cc nghin cu cho thy c n 70% l do khch hng ri
b doanh nghip u lin quan n s ra i ca nhng nhn vin then cht. Khng
nhng th, nu lin tc c s ra i ca nhng nhn vt then cht th s gy nn
nhng cn sng ngm ra i ca ton th nhn vin cn li.
Hin nay, Vit Nam vn lm sao gi chn c nhn vin l mt vn
au u cho cc nh qun l ca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam, c bit l sau khi
Vit Nam gia nhp WTO, cc doanh nghip trong nc c nhu cu m rng sn
xut kinh doanh th ngoi vic rt cn ngun nhn lc c c cht lng cao, th
cn phi bit cch lm th no gi chn c nhng nhn vin c nng lc
trnh vic b chy mu cht xm, y l vn sng cn ca cc doanh nghip.
Nh vy, vn t ra l cc doanh nghip cn phi nhn dng, xem xt, nh gi
ng cc yu t c nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin, da trn c s
doanh nghip s c nhng hng i ph hp trong cng tc qun tr ngun nhn
lc, nhm c nhng ng thi tch cc gi chn nhng nhn ti cho doanh
nghip trnh hin tng chy mu cht xm trong tng lai. l l do ti
chn ti Cc yu t nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin trong t
chc.
1.2 Mc tiu nghin cu
Mc tiu ca ti ny l :
Xc nh cc yu t nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin trong cc
doanh nghip hin nay.
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o lng mc nh hng ca mt s yu t n s trung thnh ca nhn

vin.
Bn cnh , nghin cu ny cng c th ng gp cho cc nghin cu tng
t su hn v s trung thnh ca ngi lao ng trong cc doanh nghip nhm
c nh hng nng cao kh nng qun tr hoc u t ca doanh nghip.
1.3 i tng v phm vi nghin cu
i tng nghin cu l nhng ngi hin nay ang lm vic trong cc t chc
kinh t nh : Cng ty trch nhim hu hn, Cng ty c phn, Doanh nghip t
nhn, Cng ty nh nc, Cng ty lin doanh, v Doanh nghip 100% vn nc
ngoi.
V nng lc v thi gian c hn, c nhn ti s nghin cu trn c s iu tra
cc i tng hin ang lm vic trong cc doanh nghip Thnh ph H Ch
Minh vi v tr cng tc l : nhn vin, t trng/chuyn vin, qun l.
1.4 Phng php nghin cu
Vic nghin cu thc hin theo 2 giai on :
Giai on 1 : s dng phng php nghin cu nh tnh nhm khng nh v
b sung nhng tiu ch nh gi, iu chnh thang o v xy dng bng cu hi
phc v cho qu trnh nghin cu nh lng.
Giai on 2 : s dng phng php nghin cu nh lng. T cc bin o
lng giai on nghin cu nh tnh, xc nh cc nhn t v cc thuc tnh o
lng. Sau khi hiu chnh thang o cui cng c s dng cho phng vn chnh
thc.
Mu v thng tin mu : kho st nh lng thc hin ti khu vc Thnh ph
H Ch Minh. i tng chn mu l nhng ngi hin ang lm vic trong cc
doanh nghip Thnh ph H Ch Minh, tin hnh phng vn trc tip bng bng
cu hi. Phng php ly mu chn ngu nhin mt s hc vin ti cc lp hc
ban m (ti chc, vn bng 2, cao hc, ) mt s trng i hc ti Thnh
---4 ---
ph H Ch Minh (i hc Kinh T Thnh ph H Ch Minh, i hc M Thnh

ph H Ch Minh, i hc Khoa Hc T Nhin, i hc Cng Nghip, ). M
hnh o lng gm 29 bin quan st, s dng thang o Likert 5 bc khong (t 1:
han tan khng ng n 5: han tan ng ) lng ha v 07 gi thit,
.theo
quy tc ti thiu l : 5 x 3 = 15 mu cho mt bin o lng (Bentle & Chou,
1987), do s mu tnh ton ban u l : 29 x 15 = 435.

Thu thp v phn tch d liu : S dng k thut x l d liu bng phn mm
SPSS 11.5, tin hnh kim nh thng qua cc bc: (1) nh gi s b thang o
v tin cy ca bin o lng bng h s Cronbach Alpha v gi tr (factor
loading) bng phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis), (2)
kim nh cc gi thuyt m hnh cu trc v ph hp tng th m hnh. Tip
theo thc hin kim nh T-Test & phn tch ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance)
gia cc nhm i tng khc nhau vi cc thnh phn ca m hnh cu trc
c kim nh nhm tm ra s khc bit c ngha ca mt vi nhm c th.
1.5 ngha thc tin ca ti
Kt qu nghin cu xc nh cc yu t nh hng n s trung thnh ca
nhn vin. Trn c s , cc doanh nghip s tp trung ngun lc cn thit
iu chnh hoc xy dng cc chnh sch v nhn s cho ph hp. ng thi a
ra nhng phng thc kch thch ng vin nhn vin ng n, nhm gi chn
c nhn vin gii cho doanh nghip.
1.6 Kt cu lun vn
Ni dung ca lun vn bao gm 5 chng :
Chng 1: Tng quan
Gm nhng ni dung : l do hnh thnh ti, mc tiu nghin cu, i tng
v phm vi nghin cu, phng php nghin cu, ngha thc tin ca ti.
Chng 2: C s l thuyt v m hnh nghin cu.
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Gm nhng ni dung : mt s l thuyt v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin, cc

thnh phn lin quan n s trung thnh ca nhn vin nh : thu nhp cao, iu
kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu, h tr t cp trn, ng nghip ng
h, khen thng cng bng, trao quyn. M hnh nghin cu.
Chng 3: Phng php nghin cu
Gm nhng ni dung : trnh by phng php nghin cu chi tit, kt qu
nghin cu nh tnh, hiu chnh thang o, thng tin mu.
Chng 4: Kt qu nghin cu
Gm nhng ni dung : phn tch d liu v trnh by kt qu phn tch d liu.
Chng 5: Kt lun v kin ngh
Gm nhng ni dung : tm tt v tho lun kt qu nghin cu, ng gp ca
ti, ngha thc tin ca ti v xut mt s gii php p dng kt qu
nghin cu vo thc tin, hn ch ca ti v xut hng nghin cu tip
theo.
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Tm tt chng 1
gi chn c nhn vin cc doanh nghip cn phi nhn dng, xem xt,
nh gi ng cc yu t c nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin, da trn
c s doanh nghip s c nhng hng i ph hp trong cng tc qun tr
ngun nhn lc. T l do ny nn ti Cc yu t nh hng n s trung
thnh ca nhn vin trong t chc c hnh thnh.
Mc tiu ca ti ny l : xc nh cc yu t nh hng n s trung thnh
ca nhn vin trong cc doanh nghip, o lng mc nh hng ca mt s
yu t n s trung thnh ca nhn vin.
i tng nghin cu l nhng ngi hin nay ang lm vic trong cc t chc
kinh t nh: Cng ty trch nhim hu hn, Cng ty c phn, Doanh nghip t
nhn, Cng ty nh nc, Cng ty lin doanh, v Doanh nghip 100% vn nc
ngoi Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
Nghin cu thc hin theo 2 giai on : nghin cu nh tnh v nghin cu
nh lng.
Kt cu lun vn gm 5 chng : Tng quan, C s l thuyt v m hnh
nghin cu, Phng php nghin cu, Kt qu nghin cu, Kt lun v kin ngh.
---7 ---
CHNG 2
C S L THUYT V M HNH NGHIN CU
2.1 C s l thuyt
2.1.1 Mt s vn v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc
2.1.1.1 Khi nim
C nhiu cch tip cn trong cc nghin cu v lng trung thnh ca nhn
vin. Trung thnh c th l mt yu t thnh phn ca cam kt t chc, cng c
th l mt khi nim c lp. Allen &Mayer (1990) ch trng ba trng thi tm l
ca nhn vin khi gn kt vi t chc. Nhn vin c th trung thnh vi t chc
xut pht t tnh cm tht s ca h: h s li vi t chc d c ni khc tr
lng cao hn, iu kin lm vic tt hn: h c th trung thnh vi t chc ch v
h khng c c hi kim c cng vic tt hn v h c th trung thnh vi t
chc v nhng chun mc o c m h theo ui. Cook & Wall (1980) quan
tm n cc kha cnh hnh vi ca nhn vin. Theo Mowday, Steers v Poter
(1979), trung thnh l nh hoc mong mun duy tr l thnh vin ca t chc.
nh ngha ni ting ca Mowday v lng trung thnh tng t nh khi nim
Duy tr trong cc nghin cu phm vi quc gia trong nhiu nm lin ca vin
Aon Consulting: nhn vin c nh li lu di cng t chc/doanh nghip: s
li t chc/doanh nghip mc d c ni khc c li ngh lng bng tng i
hp dn hn (Stum 1999, 2001). Gn y xut hin v lng trung thnh. Theo
Johnson (2005) ngy nay, nhn vin trung thnh vi ngh nghip ca h hn
trung thnh vi nh tuyn dng v bn cht trong quan h gia nhn vin v nh
tuyn dng c nhng thay i cn bn v cn nh gi li khi nim trung
thnh (Reevaluating Loyalty). Trong th trng lao ng nng bng hin nay,
nhiu nh tuyn dng cm thy rt kh gi chn nhn vin ca mnh bi s hp
dn v tim nng lm giu t th trng chng khan (Cheryl Breetwor 2007).
---8 ---
Vit Nam s xut hin ca hng lat cc nh u t nc ngoi v cc ngn hng

ang thiu ht ngun nhn lc cht lng cao sau khi Vit Nam gia nhp WTO
cng lm cho th trng lao ng cng nng hn. Nhn vin a ra cc yu cu
h c th trung thnh vi cng ty. Mt s nhn vin coi thu nhp l yu t quan
trng hng u trong vic lm. Nhiu nhn vin mun lm vic nhng ni c
cng gi tr ct li. Nhiu ngi khc mong mun c c hi hc hi, pht trin
bn thn. V d theo Jaerid Rossi (trch li t Penelope Trunk (2007) Ging nh
chc nng ca thi gian, lng trung thnh l tng hn c, cng vic ch thc
s hp dn khi thng xuyn c hc hi. Ngc li, Cc cng ty khng mun
s trung thnh m qung, hnh thc trung thnh tt nht l khi c cng ty v nhn
vin cng c li. Cn theo The Loyalty Research Center, 2004 Lng trung thnh
ca nhn vin l khi nhn vin c cam kt gn lin vi thnh cng ca t chc v
tin rng lm vic cho t chc ny chnh l s la chn tt nht ca h. Theo m
hnh thang o lng trung thnh ca nhn vin ca Man Power (2002), nhng tiu
chun nh gi lng trung thnh bao gm : Sn lng gii thiu cng ty ca mnh
nh mt ni lm vic tt; Sn lng gii thiu cc sn phm v dch v ca cng ty;
C nh gn b lu di vi cng ty.
Mt s tng gim c cho rng cc t chc mun c mt nhn vin ngi sao
trong ba nm cn hn c mt nhn vin li vi cng ty sut i nhng lc km
ci. Tuy nhin, quan im mi v lng trung thnh cha ph bin rng ri cc
doanh nghip Vit Nam v cn gp kh khn trong vic o lng. V vy, nghin
cu ny vn s dng nh ngha lng trung thnh ca Mowday v cc cng s
(1979), cng vi thang o lng trung thnh ca nhn vin ca Man Power (2002).
2.1.1.2 Li ch ca vic xy dng v duy tr lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
Gi tr ca lng trung thnh ca nhn vin l cc k to ln, gim thiu chi ph
thay i nhn vin ch l mt v d nhn thy c, li ch ca vic gi li nhng
nhn vin c kinh nghim, ng tin cy l v gi. Cng cn phi lu nhng nh
qun tr ngoi 40 tui rng nhng iu lm cho nhn vin trung thnh ngy nay
---9 ---
rt khc vi nhng g khin cho chng ta trung thnh vi t chc ngy hm qua.
Thm nin cng tc, kinh nghim lm vic, s n nh ca t chc s l nhng
iu chng ta ngh ti u tin, nhng vt ra ngoi kinh nghim c nhn s cho
chng ta ci nhn tan cnh v li ch i vi t chc ca vic xy dng v duy tr
lng trung thnh ca nhn vin trong bi cnh ngy nay :
-
V mt doanh thu, cc nhn vin trung thnh c khuynh hng lm vic tt

hn c nhng g khch hng mong i v lun c tinh thn lm vic cao
kh nng tt nht ca h. C hai c im ny u rt quan trng trong vic
gi li cho cng ty nhng khch hng trung thnh v em v doanh thu cao.
V mt chi ph, nhng nhn vin trung thnh s li lm vic vi cng ty

lu di, t chi nhng li cho mi t i th, khng ch ng tm cng
vic mi v lun gii thiu cng ty ca mnh l nhng ch lm tt. C bn
thi ny u c nh hng tch cc n pha ct chi ph trong bng cn
i k tan ca cng ty, v cng ty s trnh c nhng khan chi ph ng
k cho vic thay th nhn vin.
Ni cch khc, thay v ch tp trung vo vic nu gi nhn vin (c gng gi li

nhng nhn vin quyt nh ngh vic), cc nh qun tr cn tch cc v ch
ng hn na trong vic tha nhn nhng li ch ca vic tm hiu, qun l v
tng cng lng trung thnh ca nhn vin.
Nh vy, mc d lng trung thnh ca nhn vin c tha nhn l hai trong
s nhng nhn t mang tnh quyt nh nht i vi s thnh cng ca doanh
nghip, vn khng c g ngc nhin khi nhn thy rng cc cng ty v t chc
ang phi i mt vi nhng thch thc gay gt v vic pht trin mt i ng
nhit huyt v tn ty.
2.1.2 Tng kt mt s nghin cu trc y v lng trung thnh ca nhn
vin
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C nhiu nghin cu v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc, nhng

phn ln cc nghin cu trc y ch tp trung nghin cu mt cch tng qut
mt mt no chn hn nh vn ha t chc hay phong cch lnh o, c nh
hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc nh th no. Cho nn hin
nay cha c mt nghin cu no cp n tng yu t c th nh hng s trung
thnh ca nhn vin. V vy trong nghin cu ny s nghin cu tng yu t c th
chn hn nh : thu nhp cao, u kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu,
s nh hng nh th no i vi lng trung thnh ca nhn vin trong t chc.
2.1.3 Cc yu t nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin
2.1.3.1 Thu nhp/lng cao
Tin lng c th c nhiu tn gi khc nhau nh th lao lao ng, thu nhp
lao ng, Php, s tr cng c hiu l tin lng, hoc lng bng c
bn, bnh thng hay ti thiu v mi th li ch, ph khan khc, c tr trc
tip hay gin tip bng tin hay hin vt, m ngi s dng lao ng tr cho ngi
lao ng. i Loan, tin lng ch mi khan th lao m ngi cng nhn
nhn c do lm vic; bt lun l dng tin lng, lng bng, ph cp c tnh
cht lng, tin thng hoc dng mi danh ngha khc tr cho h theo gi,
ngy, thng, theo sn phm. Nht Bn, tin lng, bt lun c gi l tin
lng, lng bng, tin c chia li hoc bng nhng tn gi khc, l ch th lao
cho lao ng m ngi s dng lao ng chi tr cho cng nhn.
Tr cng lao ng lun lun l mt trong nhng vn thch thc nht cho
cc nh qun tr mi doanh nghip. Cc doanh nghip thng c nhiu quan
im, mc tiu khc nhau khi xp t h thng tr cng, nhng nhn chung cc
doanh nghip u hng ti bn mc tiu c bn : thu ht nhn vin, duy tr
nhng nhn vin gii, kch thch ng vin nhn vin v p ng yu cu ca php
lut.
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Thu ht nhn vin : Cc doanh nghip cng tr lng cao cng c kh nng thu
ht c nhng ng vin gii t trn th trng a phng
Duy tr nhng nhn vin gii : duy tr nhng nhn vin gii cho doanh
nghip, tr lng cao cha m cn phi th hin tnh cng bng trong ni
b doanh nghip.
Kch thch, ng vin nhn vin : tt c cc yu t cu thnh trong thu nhp ca

ngi lao ng : lng c bn, thng, phc li, tr cp cn c s dng c
hiu qu nhm to ra ng lc kch thch cao nht i vi nhn vin.
p ng yu cu ca php lut : nhng vn c bn ca php lut lin quan

n tr cng lao ng trong cc doanh nghip thng ch trng n cc vn
sau y : quy nh v lng ti thiu, quy nh v thi gian v iu kin lm
vic, quy nh v lao ng tr em, cc khan ph cp trong lng, cc quy
nh v phc li x hi nh bo him x hi, m au, thai sn, tai nn lao
ng, (Dung, 2000).
Hu ht mi ngi khi ni n vic lm v cht lng cng vic thng nh
gi, o lng bng thu nhp ca cng vic mang li. Do , thu nhp c xem
nh thc o cho cng vic cng nh s thnh t ca nhn vin trong cng
vic.
Thu nhp cao lm cho con ngi thy tha mn hn v mt vt cht t
an tm cng hin, ch trng n cng vic nhiu hn v c gng chng minh gi
tr ca mnh nhiu hn. Do , tc ng rt ln n tinh thn lm vic ca nhn
vin, tc ng ny th hin nhng kha cnh sau :
9
Khi c hng thu nhp m ngi lao ng cho l xng ng vi cng

hin ca h, h s phn khi nhit tnh trong cng vic.
H t c nh b i tm mt vic khc trong khi ang lm v tm hi lng

vi thu nhp ca mnh.
H c tinh thn v trch nhim cao hn vi cng vic m h ph trch.
---12 ---
H c tnh k lut cao hn trong vic chp hnh ni quy v t ch trong

cng vic hn.
Nh vy gi thuyt c t ra :
H 1: Thu nhp cao s lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.
2.1.3.2 iu kin lm vic thun li
Mi trng lm vic lun c ngi lao ng quan tm bi v mi trng
lm vic lin quan ti s thun tin c nhn song ng thi n cng l nhn t
gip h han thnh tt nhim v. Ngi lao ng khng thch nhng mi trng
lm vic nguy him, bt li v khng thun tin. Nhit , nh sng, ting n v
cc yu t mi trng khc phi ph hp. Hn na, nhiu ngi lao ng thch
lm vic gn nh, vi cc phng tin lm vic sch s, hin i, v cc trang thit
b ph hp (Lam, 1998).
H 2 : iu kin lm vic thun li lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t
chc hn.
2.1.3.3 S ph hp mc tiu
S ph hp mc tiu khi nhn vin nhn thy cc mc tiu v gi tr ca h
ph hp v h cam kt vi cc mc tiu v gi tr ca cng ty (Hart, 1994;
Vancouver & Schmitt, 1991). S ph hp mc tiu cng tng ng vi khi
nim v s ph hp c nhn-t chc, c nh ngha l s ph hp ca nhng gi
tr v nim tin c nhn vi cc quy tc v gi tr ca t chc (Netemeyer & ctg,
1997; OReilly & ctg, 1991). nh ngha khc v s ph hp c nhn-mi trng
bao gm s ph hp c nhn-nhm v c nhn-cng vic. D sao i na, s ph
hp c nhn-t chc (s ph hp mc tiu) l c s d an quan trng nht trong
nhiu yu t c nghin cu (Chatman, 1991; Kristof, 1996; Van Vianen, 2000).
S ph hp mc tiu c kt hp vi nhng kt qu hnh vi v nh hng, v d
nh ti chc lu hn, tn tm vi t chc hn v thc hin cng vic tt hn
---13 ---
(OReilly & ctg, 1991; Vancouver & Schmitt, 1991). Nghin cu trong hoch nh
bn hng ch ra rng s ph hp mc tiu l iu kin tin quyt cho thi lm
vic tch cc v cc hnh vi nhn vin (Netemeyer & ctg, 1997). Cam kt i vi
mc tiu v gi tr ca t chc c vai tr quan trng trong lnh vc dch v v bn
l. Vic thc hin cc chnh sch v hot ng ca mt t chc c lin quan n
dch v i hi s cam kt ca nhn vin i vi cc mc tiu v gi tr ca n
(Hartline & ctg, 2000).
H 3 : S ph hp mc tiu lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc
hn.
2.1.3.4 H tr t cp trn
Hnh vi h tr t cp trn l trng tm ch ca nhiu cuc nghin cu
(Podsakoff & ctg,1996). H tr t cp trn c nh ngha l mc ca vic
cn nhc v h tr m nhn vin nhn c t nhng ngi gim st (Netemeyer
& ctg, 1997). Mt ngi lnh o bit gip phi c nng lc v i x vi nhn
vin cng bng, khuyn khch giao tip hai chiu, v nhn ra s ng gp ca cc
nhn vin nhm thc hin ha mc tiu ca t chc (Humphreys, 2002; Singh,
2000).
H 4 : C s h tr t cp trn lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc
hn.
2.1.3.5 ng nghip ng h
Hnh vi ca ngi lnh o cng l nhn t ch yu xc nh s tha mn. S
tha mn ca ngi lao ng tng ln khi ngi lnh o ca h l ngi hiu
bit, thn thin, bit a ra nhng li khen ngi khi ngi lao ng thc hin tt
cng vic, bit lng nghe kin ca ngi lao ng, v bit quan tm n li ch
ca ngi lao ng (Lam, 1998).
---14 ---
H5 : c ng nghip ng h th nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc
hn.
2.1.3.6 Khen thng cng bng
Khen thng cng bng tn ti khi cc nhn vin nhn thy h c khen
thng xng ng vi p lc cng vic v vai tr h han thnh (Netemeyer &
ctg, 1997). Khen thng cng bng c xy dng da trn khi nim v cng
bng phn phi (Lane & Messe, 1971). Khi nim cng bng cha ng c s
cng bng phn pht v th tc. D sao i na, nghin cu trc y ch ra rng
s cng bng phn phi quan trng trong mi quan h vic lm hn l cng bng
th tc (Netemeyer & ctg, 1997; Organ, 1998).
L thuyt cng bng ch ra mi c nhn tun theo mt quy tc cng bng ring
chi phi thi v hnh vi ca h (Lane & Messe, 1971). iu ny cho thy nhn
vin c khen thng cng bng s c quan im tch cc hn v sn sng hnh
ng theo chiu hng h tr t chc.
H 6 : Khen thng cng bng lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc
hn.
2.1.3.7 Trao quyn
S trao quyn tn ti khi nhng ngi gim st tin vo kh nng ra quyt nh
ca nhng ngi h tr v khuyn khch h s dng sng kin (Conger &
Kanungo, 1998; Hartline & ctg, 2000). S trao quyn gn ngha vi t qun nhim
v (Singh, 2000, Varca, 2001). Trung tm ca c hai khi nim ny l s sn sng
ca ngi gim st cho cp di quyn ra quyt nh trong phm vi quy nh
v s dng sng kin. S trao quyn c th l mt cng c tng hiu qu t
chc. Bi v, n c th nng cao nim tin vo kh nng thc hin cng vic ca
nhn vin (Conger & Kanungo, 1988). S trao quyn c bit quan trng i vi
---15 ---
cc nhn vin tip xc khch hng bi v n to ra s linh ng trong vic p ng

cc yu cu ca khch hng (Bowen & Lawler, 1992).
Nh vy gi thuyt c t ra:
H 7 : c trao quyn ra quyt nh trong cng vic lm cho nhn vin
trung thnh vi t chc hn.
2.2 Thang o s dng trong m hnh nghin cu
Thang o trong m hnh nghin cu gm c thang o cc thnh phn c lp
v thang o cc thnh phn ph thuc.
2.2.1 Thang o cc thnh phn c lp
Thang o cc thnh phn c lp gm cc thang o sau :
2.2.1.1 Thnh phn thu nhp cao
Thnh phn thu nhp cao c o lng bi 3 bin quan st sau :
1) Mc lng hin ti ca ti l tng xng vi nng lc lm vic ca ti.
2) Ti han ton sng tt vi mc lng hin ti ca ti.
3) Ti cho rng cng ty ti ang lm vic tr lng rt cng bng.
2.2.1.2 Thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li
Thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li c o lng bi 4 bin quan st
sau :
1) Trang thit b h tr cho cng vic ca ti ti ni ti lm vic rt tt.
2) Phng c ni ti lm vic thang mt lm cho ti cm thy rt tha mi.
3) Nhit , nh sng, ting n cng ty rt ph hp vi cng vic ca ti.
4) Ti cm thy rt an tan ti ni lm vic ca ti.
2.2.1.3 Thnh phn s ph hp mc tiu
Thnh phn s ph hp mc tiu c o lng bi 4 bin quan st sau :
---16 ---
1) Ti cm thy nng lc bn thn ph hp vi yu cu cng vic ca t

chc.
2) Ti cam kt thc hin mc tiu ca t chc ra.
3) Ti ng vi ng li kinh doanh ca t chc.
4) Mc tiu pht trin ca ti tng ng vi mc tiu ca t chc.
2.2.1.4 Thnh phn h tr t cp trn
Thnh phn h tr t cp trn c o lng bi 3 bin quan st sau :
1) Ti lun lun c s h tr t cp trn trc tip trong mi lnh vc.
2) Cp trn lun lun h tr ti khi vn va ny sinh.
3) Ti thng nhn c s h tr ca cp trn khi s vic xu i.
2.2.1.5 Thnh phn ng nghip ng h
Thnh phn ng nghip ng h c o lng bi 2 bin quan st sau :
1) Cp trn ca ti lun lun lng nghe kin v quan tm n li ch ca
nhn vin.
2) Cp trn ca ti lun t ra l ngi hiu bit, thn thin v d tip cn.

2.2.1.6 Thnh phn khen thng cng bng
Thnh phn khen thng cng bng c o lng bi 5 bin quan st sau
:
1) Ti c xt thng cng bng trong vic han thnh vai tr ca ti.
2) Ti c xt thng cng bng qua trch nhim cng vic.
3) Ti c xt thng cng bng qua nhng n lc b ra.
4) Ti c xt thng cng bng khi lm vic di p lc cao.
5) Ti c xt thng cng bng khi han thnh tt cng vic.
2.2.1.7 Thnh phn trao quyn
Thnh phn trao quyn c o lng bi 5 bin quan st sau :
---17 ---
1) Cp trn phn cng cng vic v ti t thc hin.

2) Cp trn trao quyn cho ti ra quyt nh.
3) Cp trn tin vo kh nng ra quyt nh ca ti.
4) Cp trn khuyn khch ti s dng quyn quyt nh c trao.
5) Cp trn tin vo s nh gi kt qu cng vic ca ti.
2.2.2 Thang o v s trung thnh
Thnh phn s trung thnh c o lng bi 3 bin quan st sau :
1) Ti sn lng gii thiu vi mi ngi v cng ty ca mnh nh mt ni lm
vic tt.
2) Ti t ho gii thiu vi mi ngi v sn phm/dch v ca cng ty.

3) Ti s li lm vic lu di vi cng ty mc d c ni khc ngh mc
lng hp dn hn.
2.3 M hnh nghin cu
2.3.1 M hnh nghin cu mu
Hnh 2.1: M hnh nghin cu mu
Uy tn lnh o
ng vin tinh
thn
S tha mn ca
nhn vin
Quan tm n c
nhn
Lng trung thnh
ca nhn vin
Khuyn khch vn dng
nng lc tr tu nhn vin
---18 ---
Cc gi thit ca m hnh :
-
H 2 : iu kin lm vic thun li lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi

t chc hn.

hn.
H 4 : C s h tr t cp trn lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t

chc hn.
H5 : c ng nghip ng h th nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc

hn.
H 6 : Khen thng cng bng lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t

chc hn.
H 7 : c trao quyn ra quyt nh trong cng vic lm cho nhn

vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.
Da vo m hnh nghin cu ca tc gi Trn Th Thu Trang (2006) trn v

qu trnh nghin cu nh tnh ta xy dng c m hnh nghin cu sau :
---19 ---
Hnh 2.2 : M hnh nghin cu
Thu nhp cao
iu kin lm vic
thun li
S ph hp mc
tiu
S trung thnh
H tr t cp
trn
ng nghip ng
h
Khen thng cng

bng
Trao quyn
---20 ---
Tm tt chng 2
Nhng tiu chun nh gi lng trung thnh bao gm : Sn lng gii thiu
cng ty ca mnh nh mt ni lm vic tt, sn lng gii thiu cc sn phm v
dch v ca cng ty, c nh gn b lu di vi cng ty.
Nhn vin trung thnh c khuynh hng lm vic tt hn c nhng g khch
hng mong i v lun c tinh thn lm vic cao kh nng tt nht ca h. C
hai c im ny u rt quan trng trong vic gi li cho cng ty nhng khch
hng trung thnh v em v doanh thu cao. Nhn vin trung thnh s li lm
vic vi cng ty lu di, v vy cng ty s trnh c nhng khan chi ph ng k
cho vic thay th nhn vin.
Cc gi thit nghin cu c xy dng l : thu nhp cao, iu kin lm vic
thun li, s ph hp mc tiu, c s h tr t cp trn, c ng nghip ng h,
khen thng cng bng v c trao quyn trong cng vic s lm cho nhn vin
trung thnh vi t chc hn.
M hnh nghin cu gm mt bin ph thuc l : s trung thnh v by bin
c lp l : thu nhp cao, iu kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu, h tr
t cp trn, ng nghip ng h, khen thng cng bng v trao quyn.
---21 ---
CHNG 3
PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
3.1 Thit k nghin cu

Nghin cu s c tin hnh theo 2 giai on l nghin cu nh tnh v
nghin cu nh lng c th hin theo lu sau :
Giai on 1
Nghin cu
nh tnh
Tho lun tay

i
n = 23
Giai on 2
Nghin cu
nh lng
Phng vn bng
bng cu hi
n = 600
X l, phn tch
d liu
Phn mm
SPSS 11.5
Kt qu nghin cu
Hnh 3.1 : Lu thit k nghin cu
---22 ---
3.1.1 Nghin cu nh tnh

Bc u tin nghin cu nh tnh l iu chnh thang o. Cc bin c iu
chnh v b sung cho ph hp bng hnh thc tho lun tay i theo mt ni dung
c chun b trc da theo cc thang o c sn. Ni dung tho lun s c ghi
nhn, tng hp lm c s cho vic iu chnh v b sung cc bin.
Cc thng tin cn thu thp :
-
Xc nh xem cc trng phng qun l nhn s hiu v nhu cu ca nhn

vin nh th no ? Theo h, cc yu t no lm cho nhn vin trung thnh
vi t chc hn.
Xc nh xem nhn vin mong i g trong t chc? theo nhn vin yu t

no lm h trung thnh vi t chc.
i tng phng vn :
-
Thnh phn qun l : ti Cng ty TNHH thng mi sn xut thp khng r

Kim V phng vn trc tip mt Trng phng nhn s. Ti Cng ty C
Phn Thit B Chiu Sng nh Sao phng vn trc tip mt Trng phng
nhn s v mt Trng phng kinh doanh.
Thnh phn nhn vin : ti Cng ty TNHH thng mi sn xut thp khng
r Kim V phng vn trc tip mi nhn vin ca cc b phn khc nhau.
Ti Cng Ty C Phn Thit B Chiu Sng nh Sao phng vn trc tip
mi nhn vin ca cc b phn khc nhau.
Kt qu nghin cu s b s l c s dng thit k bng cu hi cho nghin

cu chnh thc. Bng cu hi trc khi pht hnh s tham kho kin ca chuyn
gia v thu thp th ti Cng Ty C Phn Thit B Chiu Sng nh Sao kim tra
th cch th hin v ngn ng trnh by.
---23 ---
3.1.2 Nghin cu nh lng

y l giai on nghin cu chnh thc vi k thut thu thp d liu l phng
vn thng qua bng cu hi. D liu thu thp c x l bng phn mm SPSS.
Sau khi m ha v lm sch d liu s tri qua cc phn tch chnh thc nh sau :
-
nh gi tin cy cc thang o: tin cy ca thang o c nh gi

qua h s Cronbach alpha, qua cc bin khng ph hp s b loi nu h
s tng quan tng bin nh (<0.3) v thang o s c chp nhn khi h
s Cronbach alpha t yu cu (>0.6).
Tip theo phn tch nhn t s c s dng kim nh s hi t ca cc

bin thnh phn v khi nim. Cc bin c h s tng quan n gia bin
v cc nhn t (factor loading) nh hn 0.5 s b loi. Phng php phn
tch Principal axis factoring vi php quay Promax s c thc hin v
im dng khi trch cc yu t c Eigenvalue ln hn 1.
Kim nh cc gi thuyt m hnh cu trc v ph hp tng th m hnh.
M hnh hi quy a bin v kim nh vi mc ngha 5% :

S trung thnh = B0 + B1 * Thu nhp cao + B2 * iu kin lm vic thun li +
B3 * S ph hp mc tiu + B4 * H tr t cp trn + B5 * ng nghip ng h +
B6 * Khen thng cng bng + B7 * Trao quyn
-
Tip theo thc hin kim nh T-test v phn tch ANOVA (Analysis Of
Variance) gia cc nhm i tng khc nhau vi cc thnh phn ca m
hnh cu trc c kim nh nhm tm ra s khc bit c ngha ca
mt vi nhm c th.
3.2 Nghin cu chnh thc

3.2.1 Nghin cu s b v hiu chnh thang o
C 23 c nhn i din cho b phn qun l v nhn vin tham gia phng vn
di hnh thc tho lun trc tip da trn dn bi c thit k sn.
---24 ---
Thnh phn nh sau :

-
Thnh phn qun l : ti Cng ty TNHH thng mi sn xut thp khng r

Kim V phng vn trc tip mt Trng phng nhn s. Ti Cng ty C
Phn Thit B Chiu Sng nh Sao phng vn trc tip mt Trng phng
nhn s v mt Trng phng kinh doanh.
Thnh phn nhn vin : ti Cng ty TNHH thng mi sn xut thp khng
r Kim V phng vn trc tip mi nhn vin ca cc b phn khc nhau.
Ti Cng Ty C Phn Thit B Chiu Sng nh Sao phng vn trc tip
mi nhn vin ca cc b phn khc nhau.
Kt qu t nghin cu s b c trnh by phn hiu chnh thang o tip theo.

3.2.2 Thit k thang o cho bng cu hi
Tt c cc bin quan st trong cc thnh phn u s dng thang o Likert 5
im. Vi la chn s 1 ngha l hon ton khng ng vi cu pht biu cho
n la chn s 5 ngha l hon ton ng vi cu pht biu.
3.2.3 Din t v m ha thang o
Bng 3.1 : Thang o cc thnh phn sau khi hiu chnh cc bin c lp
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Thu nhp/lng cao

Mc lng hin ti ca ti l tng xng vi nng lc lm vic ca ti
Ti han ton sng tt vi mc lng hin ti ca ti
Ti cho rng cng ty ti ang lm vic tr lng rt cng bng
iu kin lm vic thun li
Trang thit b h tr cho cng vic ca ti ti ni ti lm vic rt tt
Phng c ni ti lm vic thang mt lm cho ti cm thy rt tha mi
Nhit , nh sng, ting n cng ty rt ph hp vi cng vic ca ti
Ti cm thy rt an tan ti ni lm vic ca ti
S ph hp mc tiu
Ti cm thy nng lc bn thn ph hp vi yu cu cng vic ca t chc
Ti cam kt thc hin mc tiu ca t chc ra
Ti ng vi ng li kinh doanh ca t chc
Mc tiu pht trin ca ti tng ng vi mc tiu ca t chc
H tr t cp trn
Ti lun lun c s h tr t cp trn trc tip trong mi lnh vc
Q1.1
Q1.2
Q1.3
Q2.1
Q2.2
Q2.3
Q2.4
Q3.1
Q3.2
Q3.3
Q3.4
Q4.1
---25 --13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Cp trn lun lun h tr ti khi vn va ny sinh

Ti thng nhn c s h tr ca cp trn khi s vic xu i
ng nghip ng h
Cp trn ca ti lun lng nghe kin v quan tm n li ch ca nhn vin
Cp trn ca ti lun t ra l ngi hiu bit, thn thin v d tip cn
Khen thng cng bng
Ti c xt thng cng bng trong vic han thnh vai tr ca ti
Ti c xt thng cng bng qua trch nhim cng vic
Ti c xt thng cng bng qua nhng n lc b ra
Ti c xt thng cng bng khi lm vic di p lc cao
Ti c xt thng cng bng khi han thnh tt cng vic
Trao quyn
Cp trn phn cng cng vic v ti t thc hin
Cp trn trao quyn cho ti ra quyt nh
Cp trn tin vo kh nng ra quyt nh ca ti
Cp trn khuyn khch ti s dng quyn quyt nh c trao
Cp trn tin vo s nh gi kt qu cng vic ca ti
Q4.2
Q4.3
Q5.1
Q5.2
Q6.1
Q6.2
Q6.3
Q6.4
Q6.5
Q7.1
Q7.2
Q7.3
Q7.4
Q7.5
Bng 3.2 : Thang o s trung thnh

S trung thnh
1 Ti sn lng gii thiu vi mi ngi v cng ty ca mnh nh mt ni lm vic tt Y1
2 Ti t ho gii thiu vi mi ngi v sn phm/dch v ca cng ty
Y2
3 Ti s li lm vic lu di vi cng ty mc d c ni khc ngh mc lng hp Y3
dn hn
3.2.4 Nghin cu nh lng

3.2.4.1 Thit k mu
a) Tng th nghin cu
Tng th mu l nhng ngi hin nay ang cng tc ti cc doanh nghip nh
: Cng ty trch nhim hu hn, Cng ty c phn, Doanh nghip t nhn, Doanh
nghip nh nc, Cng ty lin doanh v Doanh nghip 100% vn nc ngoi, bao
gm cc chc danh nh : nhn vin, t trng/chuyn vin, qun l.
b) Khung chn mu
Khung chn mu l mt b phn ca tng th c chn ra quan st. Khung
chn mu ca ti ny ch gii hn khu vc Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
---26 ---
c) Phng php chn mu

C 2 phng php chn mu l phng php chn mu xc sut v phng
php chn mu phi xc sut. Phng php chn mu xc sut l phng php
chn mu m nh nghin cu bit trc c xc sut tham gia vo mu ca phn
t. Phng php chn mu phi xc sut l phng php chn cc phn t tham gia
vo mu khng theo quy lut ngu nhin. Trong nghin cu ny, s dng phng
php chn mu xc xut.
d) Kch thc mu
Trong m hnh nghin cu trn, xc nh c 07 gi thuyt nghin cu
v 29 bin quan st, s dng thang o Likert 5. V vy, theo quy tc ti thiu l : 5
x 3 = 15 mu cho mt bin o lng (Bentle & Chou, 1987), do s mu tnh
ton ban u l : 29 x 15 = 435.
e) Cch ly mu
Phng php ly mu chn ngu nhin mt s hc vin ti cc lp hc ban
m (ti chc, vn bng 2, cao hc, ) mt s trng i hc ti Thnh ph H
Ch Minh (i hc Kinh T Thnh ph H Ch Minh, i hc M Thnh ph H
Ch Minh, i hc Khoa Hc T Nhin, i hc Cng Nghip, ).
3.2.4.2 Cc kt qu v thng tin v mu
Chi tit bng cu hi c trnh by trong phn Ph lc A.
C tt c 600 bng cu hi c gi trc tip n cc i tng nghin cu.
Trong qu trnh kho st, c mt s nhm i tng cha i lm v c mt s
bng cu hi b b trng nhiu hng. Tt c cc bng cu hi ny u c loi b
trc khi tin hnh nhp liu. Do , s lng bng cu hi chnh thc c tin
hnh nhp liu phn tch ch cn li 453 bng, t t l 76% so vi tng s
bng gi i.
---27 ---
3.2.4.3 Thu thp v phn tch d liu

S dng k thut x l d liu bng phn mm SPSS 11.5, tin hnh kim nh
thng qua cc bc sau :
1) nh gi s b thang o v tin cy ca bin o lng bng h s Cronbach
Alpha v gi tr (factor loading) bng phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA
(Exploratory Factor Analysis).
2) Kim nh cc gi thuyt m hnh cu trc v ph hp tng th m hnh.
Tip theo thc hin phn tch ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) & T-Test gia cc
nhm i tng khc nhau vi cc thnh phn ca m hnh cu trc c kim
nh nhm tm ra s khc bit c ngha ca mt vi nhm c th.
---28 ---
Tm tt chng 3
Nghin cu c thc hin bng hai giai on, nghin cu nh tnh v nghin
cu nh lng.
Nghin cu nh tnh bng hnh thc tho lun tay i theo mt ni dung c
chun b trc da theo cc thang o c sn. Ni dung tho lun s c ghi nhn,
tng hp lm c s cho vic iu chnh v b sung cc bin.
Nghin cu nh lng vi k thut thu thp d liu l phng vn thng qua
bng cu hi. D liu thu thp c x l bng phn mm SPSS. Sau khi m ha
v lm sch d liu s tri qua cc phn tch chnh thc nh sau : nh gi tin
cy v gi tr cc thang o, phn tch nhn t s c s dng kim nh s hi
t ca cc bin thnh phn v khi nim, kim nh cc gi thuyt m hnh cu
trc v ph hp tng th m hnh. Tip theo thc hin phn tch T-test v
ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) gia cc nhm i tng khc nhau.
---29 ---
CHNG 4
KT QU NGHIN CU
4.1 Tng hp kt qu kho st

4.1.1 Kt qu kho st v gii tnh
Theo kt qu kho st, tng s lng nhn vin n l 283 ngi chim khang
62.5% v tng s lng nhn vin nam l 170 ngi chim khang 37.5%.
Bng 4.1: Kt qu kho st s lng nhn vin theo gii tnh
Valid nu
nam
Total
Frequency
283
170
453
Percent
Valid Percent
62.5
62.5
37.5
37.5
100.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
62.5
100.0
4.1.2 Kt qu kho st v tui

Theo kt qu kho st, s lng ln nht l tui t 21-30 tui c khong
351 ngi chim 77.5% (trong n c 241 ngi v nam c 110 ngi). Tip
theo l tui t 31-40 tui c khang 90 ngi chim khang 19.9% (trong
n c 36 ngi v nam c 54 ngi). Cn li hai nhm tui <20 v >40 chim s
lng rt t khang 12 ngi.
Bng 4.2: Kt qu kho st s lng nhn vin theo tui
gioi tinh
Group Total
nu
Count
tuoi
<20 tuoi
21-30 tuoi
31-40 tuoi
>41 tuoi
Group Total
2
241
36
4
283
nam
Col %
.7%
85.2%
12.7%
1.4%
100.0%
Count
110
54
6
170
Col %
64.7%
31.8%
3.5%
100.0%
Count
2
351
90
10
453
Col %
.4%
77.5%
19.9%
2.2%
100.0%
---30 ---
4.1.3 Kt qu kho st v trnh

Theo kt qu kho st, s lng ln nht l nhng ngi c trnh i hc c
khong 274 ngi chim 60.5% (trong n c 155 ngi v nam c 119 ngi).
K tip l nhng ngi c trnh cao ng c khang 83 ngi chim khang
18.3% (trong n c 67 ngi v nam c 16 ngi). Tip theo l nhng ngi
c trnh trung cp c khang 53 ngi chim khang 11.7% (trong n c 39
ngi v nam c 14 ngi), tip theo l nhng ngi c trnh trung hc ph
thng c khang 35 ngi chim khang 7.7% (trong n c 20 ngi v nam
c 15 ngi) cn li l nhng ngi c trnh trn i hc khang 8 ngi (2 n
v 6 nam) chim khang 1.8%.
Bng 4.2: Kt qu kho st s lng nhn vin theo trnh
gioi tinh
nu
trinh do THPT
van hoa trung cap
cao dang
dai hoc
tren dai hoc
Group Total
Count
20
39
67
155
2
283
Group Total
Count
Col %
nam
Col %
7.1%
13.8%
23.7%
54.8%
.7%
100.0%
Count
15
14
16
119
6
170
Col %
8.8%
8.2%
9.4%
70.0%
3.5%
100.0%
35
53
83
274
8
453
7.7%
11.7%
18.3%
60.5%
1.8%
100.0%
4.1.4 Kt qu kho st v v tr cng tc

Theo kt qu kho st, s lng ln nht l nhng ngi lm vic v tr nhn
vin c khong 313 ngi chim 69.1% (trong n c 223 ngi v nam c 90
ngi). K tip l t trng/chuyn vin c khang 84 ngi chim khang 18.5%
(trong n c 40 ngi v nam c 44 ngi). Cn li l qun l c khang 56
ngi chim 12.4% (trong n c 20 ngi v nam c 36 ngi).
---31 ---
Bng 4.4: Kt qu kho st s lng nhn vin theo v tr cng tc

gioi tinh
nu
vi tri nhan vien
cong to truong/chuyen vien
tac
quan ly
Group Total
Count
223
40
20
283
Col %
78.8%
14.1%
7.1%
100.0%
Group Total
nam
Count
Col %
90
52.9%
44
25.9%
36
21.2%
170 100.0%
Count
313
84
56
453
Col %
69.1%
18.5%
12.4%
100.0%
4.1.5 Kt qu kho st theo loi hnh doanh nghip

Theo kt qu kho st, s lng ln nht l nhng ngi lm vic cho cng ty
c phn c khong 130 ngi chim 28.7% (trong n c 76 ngi v nam c
54 ngi). K tip l nhng ngi lm vic cho cng ty trch nhim hu hn c
khang 125 ngi chim khang 27.6% (trong n c 94 ngi v nam c 31
ngi). S ngi lm vic cho cng ty nh nc v doanh nghip t nhn u c
s lng nh nhau l 72 ngi mi loi hnh doanh nghip chim khang 15.9%.
Lm vic cho doanh nghip 100% vn nc ngoi c khang 28 ngi chim
6.2%, cui cng lm vic trong cng ty lin doanh l c s lng t nht c
khang 26 ngi chim khang 11.7%.
Bng 4.5: Kt qu kho st s lng nhn vin theo loi hnh doanh nghip
gioi tinh
nu
loai hinh
doanh
nghiep
TNHH
CP
DNTN
NN
LD
100%VNN
Group Total
Count
94
76
47
37
12
17
283
Group Total
nam
Col %
33.2%
26.9%
16.6%
13.1%
4.2%
6.0%
100.0%
Count
31
54
25
35
14
11
170
Col %
18.2%
31.8%
14.7%
20.6%
8.2%
6.5%
100.0%
Count
125
130
72
72
26
28
453
Col %
27.6%
28.7%
15.9%
15.9%
5.7%
6.2%
100.0%
---32 ---
4.2 Thng k m t
4.2.1 Cc nhn t nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin
Kt qu thng k cho thy, nhn vin nh gi cc nhn t t rt thp n rt
cao. Ngha l, vi cng mt pht biu, c nhn vin han tan ng , nhng cng
c nhn vin han tan khng ng . iu ny c th l gii c l do mu thu
thp trn nhiu doanh nghip khc nhau m mi doanh nghip th c cc chnh
sch qun l nhn s khc nhau.
Nhn chung, gi tr trung bnh (mean) ca cc bin c lp c s khc bit kh
cao (mean=2.87 4.12), iu ny chng t c s nh gi khc nhau v mc
quan trng gia cc bin c lp.
---33 ---
Bng 4.6: Thng k m t cc nhn t nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn

vin
Descriptive Statistics
Min Max
Q1.1
Q1.2
Q1.3
Q2.1
Q2.2
Q2.3
Q2.4
Q3.1
Q3.2
Q3.3
Q3.4
Q4.1
Q4.2
Q4.3
Q5.1
Q5.2
Q6.1
Q6.2
Q6.3
Q6.4
Q6.5
Q7.1
Q7.2
Q7.3
Q7.4
Q7.5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Std.
Deviation
Mean
Statistic
3.06
2.87
3.02
3.38
3.41
3.50
3.68
3.77
4.12
3.56
3.46
3.42
3.36
3.60
3.80
3.78
3.17
3.23
3.25
3.20
3.50
3.79
3.29
3.50
3.51
3.68
Std.
Error
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.05
.05
.05
.06
.06
.05
.05
.05
.06
.06
.06
.06
.06
.05
.06
.06
.06
.05
Statistic
1.341
1.287
1.354
1.261
1.274
1.242
1.191
1.212
1.034
1.152
1.160
1.216
1.190
1.149
1.055
1.151
1.283
1.210
1.279
1.274
1.282
1.156
1.279
1.176
1.208
1.166
Skewness
Std.
Statistic Error
-.130 .115
.090
.115
-.093 .115
-.454 .115
-.507 .115
-.613 .115
-.741 .115
-.906 .115
-1.251 .115
-.661 .115
-.512 .115
-.596 .115
-.408 .115
-.708 .115
-.916 .115
-.860 .115
-.283 .115
-.350 .115
-.288 .115
-.263 .115
-.563 .115
-.951 .115
-.354 .115
-.478 .115
-.575 .115
-.743 .115
Kurtosis
Std.
Statistic Error
-1.286
.229
-1.151
.229
-1.248
.229
-.967
.229
-.837
.229
-.661
.229
-.289
.229
-.136
.229
1.026
.229
-.307
.229
-.547
.229
-.654
.229
-.805
.229
-.259
.229
.360
.229
-.013
.229
-1.078
.229
-.864
.229
-.997
.229
-1.003
.229
-.737
.229
.066
.229
-.994
.229
-.586
.229
-.563
.229
-.260
.229
4.2.2 S trung thnh ca nhn vin

Cc bin quan st trong thang o s trung thnh ca nhn vin, Y1 (Ti sn
lng gii thiu vi mi ngi v cng ty ca mnh nh mt ni lm vic tt), Y2
(Ti t ho gii thiu vi mi ngi v sn phm/dch v ca cng ty), Y3 (Ti s
li lm vic lu di vi cng ty mc d c ni khc ngh mc lng hp dn
---34 ---
hn) vi gi tr trung bnh kh cao (mean =3.72; 3.84; 3.17). iu ny cho thy
nhn vin rt mong mun gn b lu di vi doanh nghip m h ang lm vic.
Bng 4.7 : Thng k m t cc bin thuc thnh phn s trung thnh ca nhn
vin
Std.
Deviation
Mean
Min Max
Statistic
Y1
Y2
Y3
1
1
1
5
5
5
3.72
3.84
3.17
Std.
Error
.06
.05
.06
Skewness
Statistic
Statistic
1.256
1.141
1.313
-.747
-.861
-.190
Std.
Error
.115
.115
.115
Kurtosis
Statistic
-.435
-.020
-1.097
Std.
Error
.229
.229
.229
4.3 nh gi thang o
Thang o c nh gi tin cy thng qua hai cng c l h s Cronbach
Alpha v phn tch nhn t. H s Cronbach Alpha c s dng loi cc bin
rc, cc bin c h s tng quan tng bin (Corrected item total correlation)
nh hn 0.3 s b loi v thang o s c chn khi h s Cronbach Alpha ln hn
0.6 (Nunnally & Bernstein, 1994).
tin cy c dng m t li ca php o, bi v ta khng th bit
chnh xc mc bin thin ca bin ng v bin li, khng th tnh c trc
tip mc tin cy ca thang o. Tuy nhin, chng ta c th thit lp tin cy
da vo h s Cronbach Alpha. H s ny cho bit mc tng quan gia cc
bin trong bng cu hi, c dng tnh s thay i ca tng bin v mi tng
quan gia cc bin (Bob E.Hays, 1983).
4.3.1 Thang o cc bin c lp
Thnh phn Thu nhp/lng cao c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.76 v h s
tng quan tng bin (Corrected Item Total Correlation) u ln hn 0.3 nn t
yu cu a vo phn tch nhn t tip theo.
---35 ---
Thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.84 v

h s tng quan tng bin (Corrected Item Total Correlation) u ln hn 0.3
nn t yu cu a vo phn tch nhn t tip theo.
Thnh phn S ph hp mc tiu c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.79 v h s
Thnh phn H tr t cp trn c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.80 v h s
Thnh phn ng nghip ng h c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.84 v h s
Thnh phn Khen thng cng bng c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.92 v h
s tng quan tng bin (Corrected Item Total Correlation) u ln hn 0.3 nn
t yu cu a vo phn tch nhn t tip theo.
Thnh phn Trao quyn c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.87 v h s tng quan
tng bin (Corrected Item Total Correlation) u ln hn 0.3 nn t yu cu
a vo phn tch nhn t tip theo.
4.3.2 Thang o s trung thnh
Thnh phn S trung thnh c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.84 v h s tng
quan tng bin (Corrected Item Total Correlation) u ln hn 0.3 nn t yu
cu a vo phn tch nhn t tip theo.
4.4 Phn tch nhn t
4.4.1 Phn tch nhn t
H s (Kaiser Meyer Olkin) KMO l mt ch s dng xem xt s thch
hp ca phn tch nhn t. Tr s ca KMO ln (gia 0.5 v 1) c ngha l phn
---36 ---
tch nhn t l thch hp, cn nu nh tr s ny nh hn 0.5 th phn tch nhn t

c kh nng khng thch hp vi cc d liu. (Trng & Ngc, 2005).
Cc bin c h s truyn ti (Factor loading) nh hn 0.5 s b loi, im dng
khi Eigenvalue (i din cho phn bin thin c gii thch bi mi nhn t) ln
hn 1 v tng phng sai trch ln hn 50% (Gerbing & Anderson, 1988).
Php trch Principal axis factoring vi php quay Promax s c s dng
trong phn tch nhn t thang o cc thnh phn c lp. Dng phng php trch
nhn t Principal axis factoring vi php quay Promax s phn nh cu trc d
liu chnh xc hn dng phng php Principal component vi php quay
Varimax (Gerbing & Anderson, 1988).
T hp thang o trn sau khi loi b cc bin giai on nh gi tin cy
cn li 26 bin. Qu trnh phn tch nhn t ca t hp thang o ny tri qua 2
bc. Kt qu phn tch c th ca mi bc c th hin trong phn Ph lc.
Bc 1, c 26 bin quan st c a vo phn tch theo tiu chun
Eigenvalue ln hn 1 th ch c 6 nhn t c rt ra. Trong bng ny (Ph lc B)
c Cumulative = 68.255% cho bit 6 nhn t u tin gii thch c 68.255%
bin thin ca d liu. H s KMO = 0.91(>0.5). Tuy nhin, bin quan st Q7.1 b
loi do c h s truyn ti qu thp.
Bc 2, sau khi loi b bin quan st Q7.1, 25 bin quan st cn li c a
vo phn tch theo tiu chun Eigenvalue ln hn 1 vn ch 6 nhn t c rt ra.
Trong bng ny (Ph lc B) Cumulative tng ln 69.38% v h s KMO = 0.909
(>0.5). H s truyn ti ca cc bin quan st u t 0.5 tr ln.
4.4.2 t tn v gii thch nhn t
Vic gii thch cc nhn t c thc hin trn c s nhn ra cc bin quan st
c h s truyn ti (factor loading) ln cng mt nhn t. Nh vy, nhn t ny
c th gii thch bng cc bin c h s ln i vi bn thn n.
---37 ---
Trong ma trn nhn t sau khi xoay trong bng ny (Ph lc B), nhn t 3 tp
hp cc bin quan st t cc thnh phn H tr t cp trn v ng nghip
ng h bao gm cc bin quan st Q4.1, Q4.2, Q4.3, Q5.1, Q5.2. Yu t ny bao
gm cc hnh vi v mi quan h ca cc nh lnh o i vi nhn vin m mnh
qun l trc tip. V vy, nhn t ny c th t tn l nhn t Quyt nh qun
l. Cc bin quan st ca 5 nhn t cn li l : Thu nhp/lng cao , iu
kin lm vic thun li, S ph hp mc tiu, Khen thng cng bng,
Trao quyn khng c s bin i so vi ban u.
4.4.3 Din gii kt qu
Kt qu phn tch nhn t a ra m hnh o lng s trung thnh ca nhn
vin i vi t chc l t hp ca cc thang o : Thu nhp/lng cao; iu kin
lm vic thun li; S ph hp mc tiu; Quyt nh qun l; Khen thng
cng bng; Trao quyn.
Cc bin quan st thuc cc thnh phn : Thu nhp/lng cao; iu kin lm
vic thun li; S ph hp mc tiu; Khen thng cng bng; Trao quyn c
h s truyn ti tp trung cao mt nhn t theo d kin ban u. Ngha l cc
nhm bin quan st ny c tng quan cht vi nhn t ban u.
Nhm nhn t Quyt nh qun l bao gm cc bin quan st thuc cc thnh
phn : H tr t cp trn v ng nghip ng h.
Kt qu phn tch nhn t bao gm cc thnh phn sau :
Thnh phn Thu nhp/lng cao
M t
1
2
3

Bin
Q1.1
Q1.2
Q1.3
---38 ---
Thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li

1
2
3
4
M t
Bin

Q2.1
Q2.2
Q2.3
Q2.4
Thnh phn S ph hp mc tiu

M t
1
2
3
4

Bin
Q3.1
Q3.2
Q3.3
Q3.4
Thnh phn Quyt nh qun l

M t
1
2
3
4
5

Bin
Q4.1
Q4.2
Q4.3
Q5.1
Q5.2
Thnh phn Khen thng cng bng

1
2
3
4
5
M t
Bin

Q6.1
Q6.2
Q6.3
Q6.4
Q6.5
Thnh phn Trao quyn

M t
1
2
3
4

Bin
Q7.2
Q7.3
Q7.4
Q7.5
---39 ---
4.5 M hnh iu chnh
Hnh 4.1 : M hnh nghin cu hiu chnh
Thu nhp cao
iu kin lm vic
thun li
S ph hp mc
tiu
S trung thnh
Quyt nh qun
l
Khen thng cng

bng
Trao quyn
---40 ---
Trong m hnh ny, bin ph thuc l S trung thnh. Cc bin c lp ln

lt l : Thu nhp/lng cao, iu kin lm vic thun li, S ph hp mc
tiu, Quyt nh qun l, Khen thng cng bng, Trao quyn.
Cc gi thuyt ca m hnh :
-
H 2 : iu kin lm vic thun li lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi

t chc hn.

hn.
H 4 : Quyt nh qun l ph hp lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi

t chc hn.
H 5 : Khen thng cng bng lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t

chc hn.
H 6 : c trao quyn ra quyt nh trong cng vic lm cho nhn

vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.
4.6 Kim nh m hnh

Sau khi qua giai on phn tch nhn t, c 6 nhn t c a vo kim nh
m hnh. Gi tr nhn t l trung bnh ca cc bin quan st thnh phn thuc nhn
t . Phn tch tng quan Pearson c s dng xem xt s ph hp khi a
cc thnh phn vo m hnh hi quy. Kt qu ca phn tch hi quy s c s
dng kim nh cc gi thuyt t H1 n H6.
4.6.1
Kim nh h s tng quan Pearson
Kim nh h s tng quan Pearson dng kim tra mi lin h tuyn tnh
gia cc bin c lp v bin ph thuc. Nu cc bin c tng quan cht ch th
phi lu n vn a cng tuyn khi phn tch hi quy.
---41 ---
Theo ma trn tng quan th cc bin u c tng quan v c ngha mc

0.01. H s tng quan bin ph thuc l s trung thnh ca nhn vin v cc bin
c lp khc tng i cao, s b ta c th kt lun cc bin c lp ny c th
a vo m hnh gii thch cho bin s trung thnh ca nhn vin (Y). Nhng
h s tng quan gia cc bin c lp dao ng t 0.289 n 0.566 iu ny
chng ta cn xem xt vai tr ca cc bin c lp trn trong m hnh hi quy tuyn
tnh bi.
Bng 4.8 : Ma trn tng quan gia cc bin
Correlations
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
.404(**)
.458(**)
.572(**)
.579(**)
.530(**)
.472(**)
Q1
.404(**)
.369(**)
.362(**)
.336(**)
.537(**)
.289(**)
Q2
.458(**)
.369(**)
.486(**)
.425(**)
.395(**)
.321(**)
Q3
.572(**)
.362(**)
.486(**)
.566(**)
.510(**)
.465(**)
Q4
.579(**)
.336(**)
.425(**)
.566(**)
.561(**)
.509(**)
Q5
.530(**)
.537(**)
.395(**)
.510(**)
.561(**)
.516(**)
Q6
.472(**)
.289(**)
.321(**)
.465(**)
.509(**)
.516(**)
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
4.6.2 Phn tch hi quy

Phn tch hi quy c thc hin vi 6 bin c lp bao gm : Thu
nhp/lng cao (Q1), iu kin lm vic thun li (Q2), S ph hp mc tiu
(Q3), Quyt nh qun l (Q4), Khen thng cng bng (Q5), Trao quyn (Q6)
v bin ph thuc l S trung thnh ca nhn vin (Y). Kt qu thng k m t
ca cc bin a vo phn tch hi quy :
---42 ---
Bng 4.9 : Thng k m t cc nhn t ca m hnh

Min
Max
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Q1
Statistic
1.00
Statistic
5.00
Statistic
2.98
Statistic
1.09
Q2
1.00
5.00
3.49
1.02
-.485
.115
-.539
.229
Q3
1.00
5.00
3.73
.89
-.844
.115
.328
.229
Q4
1.00
5.00
3.59
.90
-.789
.115
.383
.229
Q5
1.00
5.00
3.27
1.12
-.415
.115
-.686
.229
Q6
1.00
5.00
3.50
1.05
-.572
.115
-.274
.229
1.00
5.00
3.58
1.08
-.581
.115
-.448
.229
Skewness
Kurtosis
Statistic Std. Error Statistic Std. Error

-.016
.115
-.897
.229
Gi tr ca cc bin c lp c tnh trung bnh da trn cc bin quan st

thnh phn ca cc bin c lp . Gi tr ca bin ph thuc l gi tr trung bnh
ca cc bin quan st v s trung thnh ca nhn vin. Phn tch c thc hin
bng phng phn Enter. Cc bin c a vo cng mt lc xem bin no
c chp nhn. Kt qu phn tch hi quy nh sau :
Kt qu ny cho thy m hnh hi quy a ra tng i ph hp vi mc
ngha 0.05. H s R2 hiu chnh = 0.475 c ngha l c khang 47.5% phng sai
s trung thnh c gii thch bi 6 bin c lp l : Thu nhp/lng cao (Q1),
iu kin lm vic thun li (Q2), S ph hp mc tiu (Q3), Quyt nh qun l
(Q4), Khen thng cng bng (Q5) v Trao quyn (Q6).
Bng 4.10: Bng nh gi ph hp ca m hnh
Model Summary
Model
1
R
.694(a)
R Square
.482
a Predictors: (Constant), Q6, Q1, Q2, Q4, Q3, Q5
Adjusted R Std. Error of the

Square
Estimate
.475
.78171
---43 ---
Kim nh F s dng trong bng phn tch phng sai l php kim nh gi
thuyt v ph hp ca m hnh hi quy tin tnh tng th. tng ca kim
nh ny v mi quan h tuyn tnh gia bin ph thuc v cc bin c lp. Trong
bng phn tch ANOVA, ta thy gi tr sig. rt nh (sig = 0.00), nn m hnh hi
quy ph hp vi tp d liu v c th s dng c.
Bng 4.11 : Bng kim nh ph hp ca m hnh
ANOVA(b)
Model
1
Regression
Residual
Total
Sum of
Squares
252.982
271.923
524.905
df
6
445
451
Mean
Square
42.164
.611
F
69.000
Sig.
.000(a)

b Dependent Variable: Y
Phn tch ANOVA cho gi tr F = 69 (sig = 0.00). Hin tng a cng tuyn
khng c nh hng n kt qu gii thch ca m hnh vi VIF ca mi bin ln
nht bng 2.049 (<10). Quy tc l khi VIF vt qu 10 l du hiu ca a cng
tuyn (Trng & Ngc, 2005).
Phng trnh hi quy th hin mi quan h gia S trung thnh ca nhn vin
trong t chc (Y) vi cc bin c lp bao gm : Thu nhp/lng cao (Q1), iu
kin lm vic thun li (Q2), S ph hp mc tiu (Q3), Quyt nh qun l (Q4),
Khen thng cng bng (Q5) v Trao quyn (Q6) c th hin qua biu thc sau
:
S trung thnh = -0.13 + 0.097 * Thu nhp/lng cao + 0.134 * iu kin lm
vic thun li + 0.272 * S ph hp mc tiu + 0.285 * Quyt nh qun l +
0.115 * Khen thng cng bng + 0.119 * Trao quyn.
---44 ---
Bng 4.12 : Kt qu hi quy s dng phng php Enter

Coefficients(a)
Unstandardized
Coefficients
(Constant)
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Standardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
-.013
.185
.097
.041
.134
.043
.272
.055
.285
.056
.115
.047
.119
.044
Sig.
Collinearity Statistics
Beta
Tolerance
-.069
2.373
3.098
4.936
5.131
2.419
2.703
.098
.127
.226
.239
.118
.115
.945
.018
.002
.000
.000
.016
.007
.679
.696
.557
.537
.488
.643
VIF
1.472
1.437
1.796
1.861
2.049
1.555
a Dependent Variable: Y
Din gii kt qu :
xc nh bin c lp no c vai tr quan trng hn i vi bin ph thuc,
ta dng h s tng quan ring phn (Partial correlations). Kt qu hi quy cho
thy thnh phn Quyt nh qun l c nh hng quan trng nht i vi s
trung thnh ca nhn vin (Partial = 0.236), k n l thnh phn S ph hp
mc tiu (Partial = 0.228), tip theo l thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li
(Partial = 0.145), tip theo l thnh phn Trao quyn (Partial = 0.127), tip theo l
thnh phn Khen thng cng bng (Partial = 0.114) v cui cng l thnh phn
Thu nhp cao (Partial = 0.112).
Bng 4.13: Bng xc nh tm quan trng ca cc bin c lp
Coefficients(a)
Model
1
(Constant)
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
-.013
.185
.097
.041
.134
.043
.272
.055
.285
.056
.115
.047
.119
.044
Beta
.098
.127
.226
.239
.118
.115
-.069
2.373
3.098
4.936
5.131
2.419
2.703
Sig.
.945
.018
.002
.000
.000
.016
.007
Correlations
Zeroorder Partial Part
.404
.458
.572
.579
.530
.472
.112
.145
.228
.236
.114
.127
.081
.106
.168
.175
.083
.092
---45 ---
4.7 Kt qu kim nh gi thit

Cc gi thuyt ca m hnh :
H 1: Thu nhp cao s lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn. Thnh
phn Thu nhp cao c beta = 0.098, gi tr t = 2.373, sig = 0.018 nn gi thuyt
ny c chp nhn.
H 2 : iu kin lm vic thun li lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc
hn. Thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li c beta = 0.127, gi tr t = 3.098, sig
= 0.002 nn gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.
H 3 : S ph hp mc tiu lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.
Thnh phn S ph hp mc tiu c beta = 0.226, gi tr t = 4.936, sig = 0.00 nn
gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.
H 4 : Quyt nh qun l ph hp lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc
hn. Thnh phn Quyt nh qun l c beta = 0.239, gi tr t = 5.131, sig = 0.00
nn gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.
H 5 : Khen thng cng bng lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.
Thnh phn Khen thng cng bng c beta = 0.118, gi tr t = 2.419, sig = 0.00
nn gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.
H 6 : c trao quyn ra quyt nh trong cng vic lm cho nhn vin trung
thnh vi t chc hn. Thnh phn Trao quyn c beta = 0.115, gi tr t = 2.730,
sig = 0.00 nn gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.
Nhn vin cng chnh l khch hng ni b ca t chc nn kt qu ny c th
gii thch bng m hnh cht lng ca Kano nh sau :
Thnh phn lng cao thuc nhm c tnh mt chiu cng tng cng tt. Khi
nhn vin nhn c khang lng ph hp vi nng lc ca h v h cho rng
mc lng l cng bng i vi v tr cng vic m h m nhn th h s cm
thy c tha mn hn. Bn cnh , nu nh mc lng m h nhn c
---46 ---
trang tri cuc sng ca h th h s tha mi tinh thn tp trung vo cng vic,
t h s gn b vi t chc m h ang cng tc hn.
iu kin lm vic thun li, y l yu t phn nh mt phn v mi trng
lm vic. Khi nhn vin c lm vic trong mt mi trng vi trang thit b y
, tin li, khng kh thang mi, sch s, yn tnh v c bit h lun lun cm
thy c an tan th tinh thn ca h s c tha mi, nim tin ca h tng cao.
Do , h s cm thy ni lm vic cng ging nh nh th h s lm vic tch
cc hn, s yu thch ni lm vic hn. T h s khng mun ri xa ni lm
vic n mt ni lm vic khc.
Mc tiu pht trin ca nhn vin cng gn vi mc tiu pht trin ca t chc
th s trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc s gia tng. Tuy nhin, mc
tiu pht trin ca c hai u k vng l tng theo thi gian, vi tc tng trng
c th khc nhau nn nhn vin s trung thnh vi t chc khi c hai c cng mc
tiu pht trin.
Quyt nh qun l l yu t th hin phong cch lm vic ca ngi qun l
i vi nhn vin. Trong mt mi trng lm vic m ngi qun l lun lun sn
sng h tr cho nhn vin khi nhn vin cn, iu ny s to c tinh thn tha
mi cho nhn vin. Bn cnh , mi quan h gia nhng ngi qun l vi nhn
vin ci m, tha mi, ngi qun l lun lun l ch da tinh thn cho nhn vin
trong cng vic cng nh ngoi cng vic, s lm cho nhn vin cm thy tin
tng hn vo nhng ngi qun l v t chc, t h s trung thnh hn vi t
chc m mnh ang lm vic.
Yu t khen thng cng bng vn l yu t c bn c nh hng n s trung
thnh ca nhn vin. Nu ngi lao ng tin tng rng h c nhn ng phn
thng v c i ng tng xng vi cng sc ca h b ra, th h s duy tr
mc nng sc cao, h s n lc hn vi cng vic v h s gn b lu di hn vi
t chc.
---47 ---
Trao quyn, yu t ny th hin s t ch trong cng vic ca nhn vin, khi

mt nhn vin c trao mt quyn hn nht nh gii quyt cng vic th h s
ch ng hn trong cng vic, iu ny khng nhng pht huy c tnh nng
ng sng to ca nhn vin m cn th hin s tin tng ca nhng ngi qun
l i vi nng lc lm vic ca nhn vin. T lm cho nhn vin s tin tng
hn vo phng cch lm vic ca nhng ngi qun l v h s cm thy thch
th hn vi cng vic hin ti, do h s trung thnh hn vi t chc m h
ang lm vic.
4.8 Kim nh mc trung thnh gia phi nam v phi n
Kim nh Independent-samples T-test s cho ta bit c s khc bit v mc
trung thnh gia phi nam v n. Theo nh kt qu trong kim nh Levene
sig.>0.05 (sig = 0.611) nn phng sai gia phi nam v phi n khng khc
nhau. V vy, trong kt qu kim nh t ta s dng kt qu Equal varians assumed
c sig.>0.05 (sig = 0.592) nn ta kt lun khng c s khc bit c ngha v tr
trung bnh gia hai phi. Do , ta c th kt lun s trung thnh ca phi nam v
phi n l nh nhau.
Bng 4.14 :Kim nh mc trung thnh gia phi nam v phi n
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances
Y Equal
variances
assumed
Equal
variances
not
assumed
Sig.
.258
.611
t-test for Equality of Means

t
df
Sig. (2Mean
Std. Error
tailed) Difference Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
.536
450
.592
.0562
.10484 -.14988
.26218
.535
354.71
.593
.0562
.10499 -.15032
.26263
---48 ---
4.9 Kim nh mc trung thnh gia nhng ngi c trnh khc nhau
Phn tch phng sai ANOVA (Analysis of variance) xem xt s khc bit
v mc trung thnh ca nhn vin theo trnh . Theo bng kt qu Test of
Homogeneity of Variances, vi mc ngha sig = 0.166 c th ni phng sai
nh gi v s trung thnh ca cc nhm hc vn khng khc nhau mt cch c
ngha thng k. Nh vy, kt qu phn tch ANOVA c th s dng c.
Theo kt qu phn tch ANOVA, vi mc ngha sig.<0.05 (sig = 0.00), nn
c th kt lun c s khc bit c ngha thng k v mc trung thnh ca
nhn vin gia cc nhm c trnh hc vn khc nhau. Tip tc phn tch su
ANOVA tm xem s khc bit gia cc nhm.
Theo kt qu phn tch su ANOVA ta thy ch c s khc bit c ngha
thng k gia nhm c trnh cao ng v i hc (sig = 0.001), v s khc bit
gia nhm c trnh i hc v cao hc (sig = 0.043), v mc ngha quan st
kim nh chnh lch trung bnh cp <0.05. Nh vy, ta c th kt lun s trung
thnh ca nhng ngi c trnh i hc khc vi nhng ngi c trnh cao
ng, v s trung thnh ca nhng ngi c trnh i hc khc vi nhng
ngi c trnh cao hc.
Bng 4.15: Bng kim nh mc trung thnh theo trnh vn ha
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Y
Levene Statistic
1.629
df1
df2
4
Sig.
447
.166
ANOVA
Y
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Sum of Squares
24.167
500.738
524.905
df
Mean Square
4
6.042
447
1.120
451
F
5.393
Sig.
.000
---49 --Multiple Comparisons

Dependent Variable: Y
Tukey HSD
(I)
TRINHDO
THPT
trung cap
cao dang
dai hoc
tren dai hoc
(J)
TRINHDO
THPT
trung cap
cao dang
dai hoc
tren dai hoc
THPT
trung cap
cao dang
dai hoc
tren dai hoc
THPT
trung cap
cao dang
dai hoc
tren dai hoc
THPT
trung cap
cao dang
dai hoc
tren dai hoc
THPT
trung cap
cao dang
dai hoc
tren dai hoc
Mean
Difference
(I-J)
Std. Error
Sig.
95% Confidence Interval

Lower
Upper
Bound
Bound
.0275
-.3789
.1414
-.9190
-.0275
.23053
.21331
.19003
.41477
.23053
1.000
.389
.946
.176
1.000
-.6039
-.9631
-.3791
-2.0551
-.6589
.6589
.2054
.6619
.2170
.6039
-.4064
.1139
-.9465
.3789
.4064
.18610
.15887
.40145
.21331
.18610
.188
.953
.129
.389
.188
-.9161
-.3212
-2.0461
-.2054
-.1033
.1033
.5490
.1530
.9631
.9161
.5203(*)
-.5402
-.1414
-.1139
-.5203(*)
.13266
.39182
.19003
.15887
.13266
.001
.642
.946
.953
.001
.1569
-1.6133
-.6619
-.5490
-.8836
.8836
.5330
.3791
.3212
-.1569
-1.0604(*)
.9190
.9465
.5402
1.0604(*)
.37965
.41477
.40145
.39182
.37965
.043
.176
.129
.642
.043
-2.1003
-.2170
-.1530
-.5330
.0206
-.0206
2.0551
2.0461
1.6133
2.1003
* The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
4.10 Kim nh mc trung thnh gia nhng ngi c v tr cng tc khc

nhau
v mc trung thnh ca nhn vin theo v tr cng tc. Theo bng kt qu Test
of Homogeneity of Variances, vi mc ngha sig = 0.81 c th ni phng sai
nh gi v s trung thnh ca cc nhm v tr cng tc khng khc nhau mt cch
c ngha thng k. Nh vy, kt qu phn tch ANOVA c th s dng c.
---50 ---
Theo kt qu phn tch ANOVA, vi mc ngha sig.<0.05 (sig = 0.003), nn

c th kt lun c s khc bit c ngha thng k v mc trung thnh gia cc
nhm c v tr cng tc khc nhau. Tip tc phn tch su ANOVA tm xem s
khc bit gia cc nhm.
Theo kt qu phn tch su ANOVA ta thy ch c s khc bit c ngha
thng k gia nhm nhn vin v t trng/chuyn vin (sig = 0.025), v nhm
nhn vin v qun l (sig = 0.02), v mc ngha quan st kim nh chnh lch
trung bnh cp <0.05. Nh vy, ta c th kt lun s trung thnh ca nhng ngi
c v tr cng tc l nhn vin khc vi nhng ngi c v tr cng tc l t
trng/chuyn vin, v s trung thnh ca nhng ngi c v tr cng tc l nhn
vin khc vi nhng ngi c v tr cng tc l qun l.
Bng 4.16 : Bng kim nh mc trung thnh theo v tr cng tc
Y
Levene Statistic
.211
df1
df2
2
Sig.
449
.810
ANOVA
Y
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Sum of Squares
13.644
511.261
524.905
df
2
449
451
Mean Square
6.822
1.139
F
5.991
Sig.
.003
---51 --Multiple Comparisons

Tukey HSD
(I) VITRI
nhan vien
(J) VITRI
nhan vien
to truong/chuyen
vien
quan ly
to truong/chuyen nhan vien
to truong/chuyen
vien
vien
quan ly
quan ly
nhan vien
to truong/chuyen
vien
quan ly
Mean
Difference
(I-J)
Std. Error
Sig.
95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Upper
Bound
Bound
-.3429(*)
.13117
.025
-.6514
-.0345
-.4183(*)
.3429(*)
.15486
.13117
.020
.025
-.7825
.0345
-.0542
.6514
-.0754
.4183(*)
.18409
.15486
.912
.020
-.5083
.0542
.3575
.7825
.0754
.18409
.912
-.3575
.5083
* The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
4.11 Kim nh mc trung thnh gia nhng ngi lm vic cc loi

hnh doanh nghip khc nhau
v mc trung thnh ca nhn vin theo loi hnh doanh nghip. Theo bng kt
qu Test of Homogeneity of Variances, vi mc ngha sig = 0.153 c th ni
phng sai nh gi v s trung thnh ca cc nhm loi hnh doanh nghip
khng khc nhau mt cch c ngha thng k. Nh vy, kt qu phn tch
ANOVA c th s dng c.
Theo kt qu phn tch ANOVA, vi mc ngha sig.>0.05 (sig = 0.183), nn
c th kt lun khng c s khc bit c ngha thng k v mc trung thnh
ca nhn vin cc loi hnh doanh nghip khc nhau. Nh vy, ta c th kt lun
s trung thnh ca nhn vin lm vic cc loi hnh doanh nghip khc nhau l
nh nhau.
---52 ---
Bng 4.17:Bng kim nh mc trung thnh theo loi hnh doanh nghip
Y
Levene Statistic
1.621
df1
5
df2
446
Sig.
.153
ANOVA
Y
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
Sum of Squares
8.776
516.129
524.905
df
5
446
451
Mean Square
1.755
1.157
F
1.517
Sig.
.183
---53 ---
Tm tt chng 4
Trong chng ny trnh by kt qu phn tch bao gm nhng ni dung sau:
nh gi tin cy ca thang o thng qua h s Cronbach Alpha, phn tch
nhn t sau khi loi b cc bin khng t yu cu th c 6 nhn t c rt ra v
m hnh mi c hiu chnh sau khi t tn cho bin mi gm 6 nhn t l :
thu nhp cao, iu kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu, quyt nh qun
l, khen thng cng bng v trao quyn.
Phn tch hi quy a bin v kim nh gi thuyt ca m hnh khng nh
nh sau : s trung thnh ca nhn vin chu s nh hng bi 6 nhn t l : thu
nhp cao, iu kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu, quyt nh qun l,
khen thng cng bng v trao quyn.
Kim nh T-test v phn tch ANOVA cho cc kt qu nh sau : s trung
thnh ca phi nam v phi n l nh nhau; C s khc bit v s trung thnh gia
nhm c trnh cao ng v i hc, v nhm c trnh i hc v cao hc; C
s khc bit v s trung thnh gia nhm nhn vin v t trng/chuyn vin, v
nhm nhn vin v qun l; Khng c s khc bit v mc trung thnh ca
nhn vin lm vic cc loi hnh doanh nghip khc nhau.
---54 ---
CHNG 5
KT LUN V KIN NGH
5.1 Kt qu v ng gp ca ti
5.1.1 Kt qu
M hnh nghin cu xut ban u gm by nhn t nh hng n s trung
thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc gm : Thu nhp cao, iu kin lm vic
thun li, S ph hp mc tiu, H tr t cp trn, ng nghip ng h,
Khen thng cng bng v Trao quyn vi 26 bin quan st.
Sau khi nh gi tin cy ca thang o v phn tch nhn t, kt qu cc bin
quan st c a vo phn tch hi quy nhm thnh 6 nhn t. Trong , mt
nhn t mi c to ra da trn s kt hp ca cc bin quan st thuc hai thnh
phn : H tr t cp trn v ng nghip ng h c t tn l nhn t Quyt
nh qun l.
Kt qu phn tch hi quy a bin xc nh s trung thnh ca nhn vin
chu s nh hng bi 6 nhn t l : thu nhp cao, iu kin lm vic thun li,
s ph hp mc tiu, quyt nh qun l, khen thng cng bng v trao quyn.
Trong , thnh phn Quyt nh qun l c nh hng quan trng nht i vi
s trung thnh ca nhn vin, k n l thnh phn S ph hp mc tiu, tip
theo l thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li, tip theo l thnh phn Trao
quyn, tip theo l thnh phn Khen thng cng bng v cui cng l thnh
phn Thu nhp cao.
Kim nh gi thuyt ca m hnh khng nh nh sau : Thu nhp cao s
lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn; iu kin lm vic thun li lm
cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn; s ph hp mc tiu lm cho nhn
vin trung thnh vi t chc hn; quyt nh qun l ph hp lm cho nhn vin
trung thnh vi t chc hn; khen thng cng bng lm cho nhn vin trung
---55 ---
thnh vi t chc hn v c trao quyn ra quyt nh trong cng vic lm cho

nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.
Kim nh T-test v phn tch ANOVA cho cc kt qu nh sau : s trung
thnh ca phi nam v phi n l nh nhau. C s khc bit v s trung thnh gia
nhm c trnh cao ng v i hc, v nhm c trnh i hc v cao hc. C
s khc bit v s trung thnh gia nhm nhn vin v t trng/chuyn vin, v
nhm nhn vin v qun l. Mc trung thnh ca nhn vin lm vic cc loi
hnh doanh nghip khc nhau l nh nhau.
5.1.2 ng gp ca ti
Ngy nay, trong nn kinh t th trng s cnh tranh ngy cng gay gt, do
doanh nghip no mun tn ti v pht trin trong cuc chy ua ny th phi c
s chun b v nhiu mt nh ti chnh, uy tn, c s vt cht nhng quan trng
nht l ngun nhn lc. Vic xy dng chnh sch nhn s cnh tranh gi chn
nhng nhn vin c nng lc v thu ht nhn ti s ko theo h qu khc l t
chc s c nhiu tng mi gii quyt cng vic tt hn, nhn vin trung thnh
vi t chc s lm cho doanh s doanh nghip gia tng v gim ng k mt s chi
ph chnh l yu t cnh tranh so vi i th.
Chnh sch qun l nhn s nu c xy dng da trn tnh hnh thc t s
khch quan v mang tnh kh thi cao. Phm vi ca ti ch tp trung nhn dng
cc yu t nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin v trn c s t chc
iu chnh li cho ph hp nhm hng n mc ch l : khi nhn vin trung
thnh vi t chc s tan tm tan tp trung vo cng vic v ra sc ng gp
cng sc ca mnh xy dng t chc. Kt qu mang li cho t chc l xy dng
mi trng lm vic tch cc, c s cnh tranh lnh mnh gia cc nhn vin trong
qu trnh lm vic, gim chi ph tuyn dng, hun luyn nhn vin mi. Bn cnh
, nhn vin s c khuynh hng lm vic tt hn c nhng g khch hng mong
i v lun c tinh thn lm vic cao kh nng tt nht ca h. C hai c im
---56 ---
ny u rt quan trng trong vic gi li cho cng ty nhng khch hng trung
thnh v em v doanh thu cao.
5.2 ngha thc tin v gii php
5.2.1 ngha thc tin
Kt qu nghin cu hi quy cho thy s trung thnh ca nhn vin ph thuc
vo cc yu t : thu nhp cao, iu kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu,
quyt nh qun l, khen thng cng bng v trao quyn. Bn cnh , nghin
cu cng xc nh c tm quan trng ca cc bin c lp i vi bin ph
thuc nh sau : Thnh phn Quyt nh qun l c nh gi l c nh hng
quan trng nht i vi s trung thnh ca nhn vin, k n l thnh phn S
ph hp mc tiu, tip theo l thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li, tip
theo l thnh phn Trao quyn, tip theo l thnh phn Khen thng cng bng
v cui cng l thnh phn Thu nhp cao.
Kt qu kim nh T-test cho thy s trung thnh ca nhn vin trong doanh
nghip gia phi nam v phi n l nh nhau khng c s khc bit.
Phn tch ANOVA cho thy c s khc nhau v mc trung thnh gia
nhng ngi c trnh cao ng v nhng ngi c trnh i hc, nhng
ngi c trnh i hc mc trung thnh khc vi nhng ngi c trnh
cao hc.
Theo kt qu phn tch ANOVA ta thy nhng ngi lm vic v tr t
trng/chuyn vin v qun l th mc trung thnh ca h cng khc vi nhng
ngi lm vic v tr nhn vin, cn nhng ngi lm vic v tr t
trng/chuyn vin v nhng ngi lm vic v tr qun l th mc trung
thnh gia h l ging nhau.
Cng theo kt qu phn tch ANOVA cho thy, mc trung thnh ca nhn
vin lm vic nhng loi hnh doanh nghip khc nhau l nh nhau.
---57 ---
Vi kt qu ny gip cho cc nh qun l xy dng cc chnh sch v nhn s

cho ph hp trong iu kin cho php. Khi nhn vin trung thnh vi doanh
nghip s lm cho doanh s gia tng v gim ng k chi ph.
5.2.2 Kin ngh mt s gii php p dng kt qu nghin cu
Theo kt qu nghin cu, chng ta nhn dng c nhng yu t nh hng
n s trung thnh ca nhn vin l : thu nhp cao, iu kin lm vic thun
li, s ph hp mc tiu, quyt nh qun l, khen thng cng bng v trao
quyn. Da theo kt qu ny, chng ta thc hin mt s gii php nhm nng cao
hiu qu trong cng tc qun tr nhn s nh sau :
Th nht, doanh nghip phi xy dng mt h thng lng cnh tranh, ty vo
loi hnh hot ng ca doanh nghip m c k hoch kho st, phn tch v xc
nh mc thu nhp cho hp l. Vic phn phi thu nhp phi gn vi tnh cht v
mc phc tp ca cng vic. Tin lng phi gn lin vi s pht trin kinh t
v mc sng ca ngi lao ng. Hng nm doanh nghip cn xem xt nh gi
iu chnh mc lng cho hp l v phi hng n ci thin cuc sng ca
ngi lao ng.
Bn cnh , cc doanh nghip cn phi xy dng h thng lng cng bng,
ng nht v r rng, trnh tnh trng trong cng mt cng ty m ch ginh cho
ngi mi vo khc han tan vi ngi c, to nn hai h thng lng. Cng
bng th hin s cng bng nhm, cng bng c nhn vi nhng han cnh cng
vic nh nhau. V mt tm l, nhn vin lun so snh kt qu lm vic ca mnh
vi thu nhp ca ngi khc, do vic tr lng khng cng bng s to cho h
cm gic khng hi lng v h s khng trung thnh vi t chc. Mc khc, doanh
nghip cn phi thc hin vic nh gi nhn vin mt cch chnh xc, khoa hc
tr lng theo nng lc v hiu qu lm vic gn lin vi iu kin v han cnh
han thnh cng vic c th.
---58 ---
Th hai, doanh nghip cn phi cung cp cho nhn vin mi trng lm vic l
tng cng nhng phng tin thch hp chn hn nh : mi trng lm vic
thang mt, sch p, nhit nh sng ph hp, cc cng c, dng c h tr
cng vic tng i y , nhn vin u t ti nng nhiu hn cho doanh
nghip. c bit l phi to ra mt mi trng lm vic sao cho tt c nhn vin
u cm thy an tan ti ni lm vic.
Th ba, doanh nghip cn phi xy dng mc tiu pht trin mt cch c th,
r rng v phi truyn thng ip ny n tng nhn vin. y l vic lm c
ngha rt quan trng nhn vin c th cng cng ty t n mc tiu. Bn cnh
, doanh nghip cn phi thc hin nhiu phng cch khc nhau nh hng
cho nhn vin hng vo mc tiu m doanh nghip t ra.
Th t, cc nh qun l phi th hin s quan tm, gip nhn vin, v vic
quan tm n nhn vin l rt quan trng. Mt nh qun l gii phi bit pht huy
ht nng lc v s nhit tnh trong cng vic ca cc nhn vin. Bn cnh cc k
nng chuyn mn, nh qun l cn c uy tn trong vic thu phc nhn tm ng
thi bit ng cm vi nhn vin v nm bt tm l ca h. Nh qun tr nhn s
cn thng xuyn tham kho kin ca nhn vin trong vic gii quyt cc vn
ny sinh trong cng vic, chia s nhng thng tin kinh doanh vi nhm nhn
vin thy c mi lin quan gia cng vic h ang lm v kt qu m cng ty
ang t c. C nh vy, cc nhn vin s cm thy mnh c coi trng, cm
thy trong s pht trin ca cng ty lun c phn ng gp no ca mnh. Bn
cnh s quan tm, coi trng nhn vin, nh qun tr nhn s nn t chc nhng
hot ng mang tnh cht vui chi, gii tr ti cng ty nh du nhng dp t
bit v c gng to ra mt mi trng thn thin mi ngi c th ci vui
trong vn phng cng nh dnh thi gian tm hiu mt cht v gia nh v cuc
sng ring t ca h. V khng ch ring nhng ngi lm cng tc nhn s mi
cn trang b cc kin thc v k nng qun l cn thit, nhng ngi lm cng tc
qun l ni chung, trng b phn cc phng ban vn phi lm cng tc nhn s
---59 ---
trong phm vi qun l ca h thc y, to ng lc cho cc nhn vin cp

di cng t c mc tiu chung.
Th nm, cc doanh nghip phi xem xt v kt lun mt cch cng bng v
khch quan v vic nhn vin c thc hin nhim v theo ng cc yu cu ra
hay khng, t thng cng xng ng cho cc c nhn xut sc v nhng c
gng ca h trong cng vic. Doanh nghip cn phi xy dng h thng phn phi
thu nhp v chnh sch thng tin, bt cho ph hp vi mong mun ca nhn
vin, v khi phn phi thu nhp c xem l cng bng da trn nhu cu cng
vic, cp k nng ca c nhn, v nhng tiu chun phn phi trong cng ng
th kt qu s lm cho nhn vin tha mn hn. Bn cnh , doanh nghip
cng cn a ra c hi thng tin cho tt c nhn vin l bnh ng nhau, bi v
nu nh nhn vin nhn thc rng cc quyt nh bt trong t chc l cng
bng th h s cm thy tha mn hn.
Th su, doanh nghip cn to ra mt mi trng tin tng ln nhau cho c i
bn. Nhn vin rt cn s nhn nhn, trn trng t nh qun l th hin qua vic
trao quyn t quyt, to c hi t nghin cu, hc hi v ng gp vo thnh
cng chung ca doanh nghip. Cc nh qun l cn giao ph cng vic da trn
cc im yu v im mnh ca nhn vin. Cn cho nhn vin hc nhng nghip
v m h cn. Nn bit cng vic yu cu nh th no v trao quyn cho nhng
nhn vin c th m nhn tt cng vic . Cc nh qun l cng nn nhn ra
rng cng vic khng th hon tt khi bn lm ch c mt mnh. Khi giao vic cho
nhn vin, cn hiu rng y quyn mt cch hiu qu cng c ngha l chp nhn
nhng bin c ngoi mun c th km theo. Nh qun l c th khng nhn
c kt qu nh mong i nhng cn phi chp nhn n v chp nhn nhng sai
phm xy ra.
---60 ---
5.3 Cc hn ch v hng nghin cu tip theo

5.3.1 Hn ch
Bn cnh nhng ng gp cp trn, nghin cu ny cn tn ti mt s
mt hn ch nht nh sau :
Th nht, s trung thnh ca nhn vin chu nh hng ca nhiu yu t,
nhng trong bi nghin cu ny ch tp trung nghin cu su yu t l : thu
nhp cao, iu kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu, quyt nh qun l,
khen thng cng bng v trao quyn. Bn cnh , i tng nghin cu ch gii
hn nhng lp hc ban m ti khu vc Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
Th hai, l hn ch ca phng php phn tch d liu, nghin cu ny s
dng cng c phn tch hi quy a bin xc nh mi quan h gia cc bin c
lp l : thu nhp cao, iu kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu, quyt nh
qun l, khen thng cng bng, trao quyn v bin ph thuc l s trung thnh.
Tuy nhin, php phn tch ny khng xc nh c cc mi quan h gia cc bin
c lp vi nhau nn kt qu c th khng phn nh chnh xc mi quan h gia
cc yu t ny.
5.3.2 Cc nghin cu tip theo
Mc ch tip theo ca ti sau khi o lng c s trung thnh ca nhn
vin l xem xt v doanh thu v chi ph khng nh :
-
Khi nhn vin trung thnh vi doanh nghip th nhn vin s c khuynh hng
lm vic tt hn c nhng g khch hng mong i v lun c tinh thn lm
vic cao kh nng tt nht ca h. C hai c im ny u rt quan trng
trong vic gi li cho cng ty nhng khch hng trung thnh v em v doanh
thu cao.
Nhng nhn vin trung thnh s li lm vic vi cng ty lu di, t chi

nhng li cho mi t i th, khng ch ng tm cng vic mi v lun gii
---61 ---
thiu cng ty ca mnh l nhng ch lm tt. C bn thi ny u c nh

hng tch cc n pha ct chi ph trong bng cn i k tan ca cng ty, v
cng ty s trnh c nhng khan chi ph ng k cho vic thay th nhn
vin.
S trung thnh ca nhn vin chu nh hng ca nhiu yu t, nhng trong
bi nghin cu ny ch tp trung nghin cu su yu t l : thu nhp cao, iu
kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu, quyt nh qun l, khen thng
cng bng v trao quyn. Bn cnh , i tng nghin cu ch gii hn nhng
lp hc ban m ti khu vc Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Cc nghin cu su hn
chc chn s c tip tc thc hin, bi y l cng c l thuyt v qun tr nhn
s rt quan trng.
Php hi quy khng xc nh c mi lin h gia cc bin c lp nn kt
qu c th cha phn nh chnh xc mi lin h gia cc bin. Nn lp li nghin
cu ny vi cng c phn tch cao hn s cho kt qu cao hn.
---62 ---
Tm tt chng 5
Trong chng ny trnh by kt qu nghin cu c t chng 4 t nu ra
nhng ng gp nghin cu ca ti. Tip theo l nu ln ngha thc tin ca
v kin ngh mt s gii c bn c p dng t kt qu nghin cu. Cui cng
l nu ln nhng hn ch ca ti v kin ngh nhng hng nghin cu tip
theo.
---63 ---
TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting Vit
1.
Business-Edge (2004), To ng lc lm vic, Nh xut bn Tr.
2.
Trn Kim Dung (2000), Qun tr ngun nhn lc, Nh xut bn i hc
quc gia TP.HCM.

3.
Trn Th Kim Dung & Nguyn Th Mai Trang (2007), nh hng ca vn
ha t chc v phong cch lnh o n kt qu lm vic ca nhn vin v lng

trung thnh ca h i vi t chc, ti nghin cu khoa hc cp b, Trng
i hc kinh t TP.HCM.
4.
Nguyn Vn ip (2007), Cc yu t nh hng n s tha mn v s
gn kt ca nhn vin Lin hip hp tc x thng mi Tp.HCM, Lun vn thc

s, Trng i hc kinh t TP.HCM.
5.
V Khi Han (2006), nh gi cc yu t nh hng n s hi lng ca
nhn vin tip xc trc tip vi khch hng ti Saigontourist, Lun vn thc s,
Trng i hc bch khoa TP.HCM.
6.
Paul Hersey & Ken Blanc Hard (2001), Qun tr hnh vi t chc, Nh xut
bn thng k.
7.
V Vn Huy (1997), ng dng SPSS for Windows, Nh xut bn khoa hc
v k thut.
8.
Bi Nguyn Hng & Nguyn Thy Qunh Loan (2004), Qun l cht
lng, Nh xut bn i hc quc gia TP.HCM.

9.
Nguyn Hu Lam (1998), Hnh vi t chc, Nh xut bn gio dc.
10. Nguyn nh Th & Nguyn Th Mai Trang (2007), Nghin cu th trng,

Nh xut bn i hc quc gia TP.HCM.
11. Nguyn nh Th (2008), Nghin cu cho lun vn tt nghip ngnh Qun
tr kinh doanh thc trng v gii php, Nh xut bn vn ha thng tin.
---64 ---
12. Hang Trng & Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc (2005), Phn tch d liu nghin
cu vi SPSS, Nh xut bn thng k.
13. Trn Th Thu Trang (2006), nh hng ca phong cch lnh o mi v
cht n s tha mn v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc, Lun
vn thc s kinh t, Trng i hc kinh t TP.HCM.
Ting Anh
14. Guidestar Reasearch (2005), Driving Employee Satisfaction, Commitment
and Loyalty.
15. Joseph F.Hair Jr, Rolp E.Anderson, Ronald L.Tatham, William C.Black
(1992), Multivariate Data Analysis, Macmillan Publishing Company.
16. Paul D.Leedy & Jeanne Ellis Ormrod (2005), Practical Research, Pearson
Education, Inc.
17. Man Power Inc. (2002), International Loyalty Survey.
Internet
18. http://www.ueh.edu.vn.
19. http://www.vneconomy.com.vn
---65 ---
Ph lc A
DN BI THO LUN NGHIN CU S B
Xin cho Anh/ch

Ti tn l Phan Quc Dng, hc vin cao hc ngnh Qun tr kinh doanh ca
Trng i hc kinh t Tp.HCM. Hin nay ti ang thc hin lun vn tt nghip
vi ti l : Cc nhn t nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin
trong t chc. Mong anh/ch dnh cht thi gian tho lun vi ti v vn
ny.
Ni dung ca bui tho lun ny l nhm tm kim nhng nhn t nh hng
n s trung thnh ca nhn vin.
Ni dung i vi cc nh qun l
1. Anh ch ngh th no v mi lin h gia s trung thnh ca nhn vin vi
doanh s v chi ph ca doanh nghip ?
2. Theo anh/ch, yu t no nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin ? V sao
? (gi cc thang o).
3. Theo anh/ch yu t no l quan trng nht v yu t no l km quan trng
nht ?
4. Theo anh/ch, ngoi nhng im cp trn cn c yu t no c th lm
nhn vin trung thnh vi doanh nghip khng ? V sao ?
Ni dung i vi nhn vin
1. Theo anh/ch, yu t no nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin ? (Gi
mt s thang o).
2. Cc yu t m cc anh/ch cp trn th yu t no l quan trng nht ?
V sao ?
3. Yu t no quyt nh n vic anh/ch quyt nh lm vic ti y ?
---66 ---
4. Nu anh/ch l trng phng nhn s, anh/ch s thay i g cho nhn vin

trung thnh hn vi doanh nghip ?
Kt thc
Cuc trao i ca chng ta dng li ti y, xin chn thnh cm n anh/ch
ginh thi tho lun vi chng ti.
---67 ---
BNG CU HI KHO ST
Thn gi cc anh/ch.
Ti ang lm ti nghin cu v Qun tr nhn s, rt mong anh/ch ginh t thi
gian in vo bn phng vn ny.
Xin chn thnh cm n, chc anh/ch sc khe, thnh cng v hnh phc!
Anh/ch vui lng nh gi mc ng ca anh/ch bng du X vo s im
i vi mi pht biu sau y. Vi quy c v im ca thang o nh sau:
Thang o mc ng
1: han tan khng ng
2: hi khng ng
3: phn vn khng bit c ng hay khng (trung lp)
4: hi ng
5: han tan ng (pht biu han tan ng)
I CC YU T NH HNG N S TRUNG THNH CA NHN VIN
Thu nhp/lng cao
Mc ng
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
iu kin lm vic thun li

Mc ng
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
S ph hp mc tiu
Mc ng
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
H tr t cp trn
Mc ng
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
ng nghip ng h
Mc ng
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
---68 --Khen thng cng bng

Mc ng
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Trao quyn
Cp trn phn cng cng vic v ti t thc hin
Mc ng
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
S trung thnh
Ti sn lng gii thiu vi mi ngi v cng ty ca mnh nh mt ni lm
vic tt
Ti t ho gii thiu vi mi ngi v sn phm/dch v ca cng ty
Ti s li lm vic lu di vi cng ty mc d c ni khc ngh mc lng
hp dn hn
Mc ng
1 2 3 4 5
1
1
2
2
II THNG TIN C NHN. Anh/ch vui lng cho bit cc thng tin c nhn sau:
1. Xin cho bit anh/ch ang cng tc vi loi hnh doanh nghip no?
Cha i lm Cty TNHH
Cty c phn
Doanh nghip t nhn
Cty nh nc
Cty lin doanh
100% vn nc ngoi
2. Gii tnh:
Nam
N
3. Tui: <20
T 21 - 30
T 31 - 40
> 41 tui
4. Mc thu nhp trung bnh mt thng (ng):
<2 triu 2 3 triu >3 4 triu
>4 6 triu
> 6triu
5. V tr cng tc: Nhn vin
T trng/chuyn vin
Qun l
6. Trnh vn ha:
THPT Trung cp
Cao ng
i hc
Trn i hc
3
3
4
4
5
5
---69 ---
Ph lc B
KT QU X L D LIU
I. nh gi thang o
1.1 Cronbach Alpha ca cc thnh phn c lp
1.1.1 Thnh phn thu nhp cao
R E L I A B I L I T Y
1.
2.
3.
Q1.1
Q1.2
Q1.3
Statistics for
SCALE
Mean
8.9492
A N A L Y S I S
S C A L E
(A L P H A)
Mean
Std Dev
Cases
3.0618
2.8720
3.0155
1.3405
1.2869
1.3542
453.0
453.0
453.0
N of
Variables
3
Variance
10.7076
Std Dev
3.2722
Scale
Mean
if Item
Deleted
Scale
Variance
if Item
Deleted
Corrected
ItemTotal
Correlation
5.8874
6.0773
5.9338
5.2594
5.6865
5.0487
Item-total Statistics
Q1.1
Q1.2
Q1.3
Alpha
if Item
Deleted
.5938
.5483
.6285
.6729
.7230
.6320
Reliability Coefficients
N of Cases =
Alpha =
453.0
.7594
N of Items =
---70 ---
1.1.2 Thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li

****** Method 1 (space saver) will be used for this analysis ******
_
1.
2.
3.
4.
Q2.1
Q2.2
Q2.3
Q2.4
Statistics for
SCALE
Mean
13.9757
A N A L Y S I S
S C A L E
(A L P H A)
Mean
Std Dev
Cases
3.3841
3.4128
3.5033
3.6755
1.2614
1.2742
1.2420
1.1911
453.0
453.0
453.0
453.0
N of
Variables
4
Variance
16.5282
Std Dev
4.0655
Scale
Mean
if Item
Deleted
Scale
Variance
if Item
Deleted
Corrected
ItemTotal
Correlation
10.5916
10.5629
10.4724
10.3002
9.6536
9.3661
9.5241
10.6884
Q2.1
Q2.2
Q2.3
Q2.4
Alpha
if Item
Deleted
.6741
.7102
.7124
.5676
.7876
.7709
.7703
.8324
N of Cases =
Alpha =
453.0
.8351
N of Items =
---71 ---
1.1.3 Thnh phn s ph hp mc tiu

_
1.
2.
3.
4.
Q3.1
Q3.2
Q3.3
Q3.4
Statistics for
SCALE
Mean
14.9139
A N A L Y S I S
S C A L E
(A L P H A)
Mean
Std Dev
Cases
3.7726
4.1236
3.5563
3.4614
1.2117
1.0338
1.1520
1.1603
453.0
453.0
453.0
453.0
N of
Variables
4
Variance
12.7470
Std Dev
3.5703
Scale
Mean
if Item
Deleted
Scale
Variance
if Item
Deleted
Corrected
ItemTotal
Correlation
11.1413
10.7903
11.3576
11.4525
7.5552
8.0024
7.5754
7.5713
Q3.1
Q3.2
Q3.3
Q3.4
Alpha
if Item
Deleted
.5590
.6285
.6063
.5997
.7570
.7237
.7311
.7345
N of Cases =
Alpha =
453.0
.7883
N of Items =
---72 ---
1.1.4 H tr t cp trn
_
1.
2.
3.
Q4.1
Q4.2
Q4.3
Statistics for
SCALE
Mean
10.3819
A N A L Y S I S
S C A L E
(A L P H A)
Mean
Std Dev
Cases
3.4238
3.3598
3.5982
1.2162
1.1903
1.1491
453.0
453.0
453.0
N of
Variables
3
Variance
9.0463
Std Dev
3.0077
Scale
Mean
if Item
Deleted
Scale
Variance
if Item
Deleted
Corrected
ItemTotal
Correlation
6.9581
7.0221
6.7837
4.3500
4.1101
4.8027
Q4.1
Q4.2
Q4.3
Alpha
if Item
Deleted
.6341
.7293
.5804
.7415
.6376
.7940
N of Cases =
Alpha =
453.0
.8009
N of Items =
---73 ---
1.1.5 ng nghip ng h
_
1.
2.
Q5.1
Q5.2
Statistics for
SCALE
Mean
7.5806
A N A L Y S I S
S C A L E
(A L P H A)
Mean
Std Dev
Cases
3.8035
3.7770
1.0554
1.1507
453.0
453.0
N of
Variables
2
Variance
4.2042
Std Dev
2.0504
Scale
Mean
if Item
Deleted
Scale
Variance
if Item
Deleted
Corrected
ItemTotal
Correlation
3.7770
3.8035
1.3241
1.1140
Q5.1
Q5.2
Alpha
if Item
Deleted
.7271
.7271
.
.
N of Cases =
Alpha =
453.0
.8402
N of Items =
---74 ---
1.1.6 Khen thng cng bng

_
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Q6.1
Q6.2
Q6.3
Q6.4
Q6.5
Statistics for
SCALE
Mean
16.3466
A N A L Y S I S
S C A L E
(A L P H A)
Mean
Std Dev
Cases
3.1700
3.2296
3.2517
3.1965
3.4989
1.2829
1.2103
1.2789
1.2739
1.2823
453.0
453.0
453.0
453.0
453.0
N of
Variables
5
Variance
30.7668
Std Dev
5.5468
Scale
Mean
if Item
Deleted
Scale
Variance
if Item
Deleted
Corrected
ItemTotal
Correlation
13.1766
13.1170
13.0949
13.1501
12.8477
20.2298
20.2407
19.6879
20.2164
19.9391
Q6.1
Q6.2
Q6.3
Q6.4
Q6.5
Alpha
if Item
Deleted
.7704
.8320
.8320
.7793
.8019
.9136
.9019
.9014
.9118
.9074
N of Cases =
Alpha =
453.0
.9244
N of Items =
---75 ---
1.1.7 Thnh phn trao quyn

_
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Q7.1
Q7.2
Q7.3
Q7.4
Q7.5
Statistics for
SCALE
Mean
17.7792
A N A L Y S I S
S C A L E
(A L P H A)
Mean
Std Dev
Cases
3.7925
3.2914
3.5011
3.5143
3.6799
1.1565
1.2791
1.1761
1.2076
1.1661
453.0
453.0
453.0
453.0
453.0
N of
Variables
5
Variance
23.6326
Std Dev
4.8613
Scale
Mean
if Item
Deleted
Scale
Variance
if Item
Deleted
Corrected
ItemTotal
Correlation
13.9868
14.4879
14.2781
14.2649
14.0993
17.4777
15.1044
14.9180
15.0359
15.5366
Q7.1
Q7.2
Q7.3
Q7.4
Q7.5
Alpha
if Item
Deleted
.4982
.6932
.8069
.7622
.7328
.8880
.8444
.8157
.8264
.8343
N of Cases =
Alpha =
453.0
.8705
N of Items =
---76 ---
1.2 Cronbach Alpha ca thnh phn s trung thnh

_
1.
2.
3.
Y1
Y2
Y3
Statistics for
SCALE
Mean
10.7345
A N A L Y S I S
S C A L E
(A L P H A)
Mean
Std Dev
Cases
3.7168
3.8429
3.1748
1.2563
1.1417
1.3144
452.0
452.0
452.0
N of
Variables
3
Variance
10.4748
Std Dev
3.2365
Scale
Mean
if Item
Deleted
Scale
Variance
if Item
Deleted
Corrected
ItemTotal
Correlation
7.0177
6.8916
7.5597
4.6782
5.3253
5.0807
Y1
Y2
Y3
Alpha
if Item
Deleted
.7763
.7299
.6188
.7041
.7584
.8657
N of Cases =
Alpha =
452.0
.8399
N of Items =
---77 ---
II. Phn tch nhn t

2.1 Bc 1 :
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
.910
Approx. Chi-Square
6921.962
df
325
Sig.
.000
Total Variance Explained
Extraction Sums of Squared
Loadings
Initial Eigenvalues
Rotation Sums of Squared

Loadings(a)
Factor
1
Total
9.796
% of
Variance
37.679
Cumulative
%
37.679
Total
9.408
% of
Variance
36.184
Cumulative
%
36.184
Total
7.252
2.172
8.352
46.031
1.784
6.860
43.044
5.893
2.025
7.789
53.820
1.655
6.365
49.409
6.851
1.493
5.742
59.561
1.109
4.265
53.674
4.978
1.168
4.494
64.055
.700
2.693
56.367
6.251
1.092
4.199
68.255
.675
2.595
58.962
4.261
.852
3.275
71.530
.807
3.102
74.632
.669
2.572
77.205
10
.595
2.289
79.493
11
.547
2.102
81.595
12
.543
2.087
83.682
13
.497
1.912
85.594
14
.438
1.684
87.278
15
.423
1.626
88.904
16
.387
1.487
90.392
17
.334
1.286
91.678
18
.331
1.272
92.950
19
.299
1.151
94.101
20
.287
1.103
95.204
21
.263
1.012
96.216
22
.245
.941
97.158
23
.228
.877
98.035
24
.190
.732
98.767
25
.170
.654
99.421
26
% of
Variance
.150
.579
100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Axis Factoring.
a When factors are correlated, sums of squared loadings cannot be added to obtain a total variance.
Cumulative
%
---78 --Pattern Matrix(a)

Factor
1
Q6.2
.933
Q6.3
.868
Q6.5
.812
Q6.1
.778
Q6.4
.742
Q7.3
.915
Q7.4
.824
Q7.2
.788
Q7.5
.671
Q7.1
.322
Q5.1
.814
Q4.2
.778
Q5.2
.676
Q4.1
.657
Q4.3
.606
Q2.3
.861
Q2.2
.817
Q2.1
.734
Q2.4
.532
Q3.2
.760
Q3.3
.680
Q3.4
.649
Q3.1
.582
Q1.3
.776
Q1.2
.685
Q1.1
.604
Extraction Method: Principal Axis Factoring. Rotation Method: Promax with Kaiser Normalization.
a Rotation converged in 7 iterations.
---79 ---
2.2 Bc 2 :
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
.909
Approx. Chi-Square
6680.400
df
300
Sig.
.000
Total Variance Explained
Extraction Sums of Squared
Loadings
Initial Eigenvalues
% of
Variance
Cumulative
%
% of
Variance
Cumulative
%
Rotation Sums of Squared

Loadings(a)
Factor
1
Total
9.517
38.068
38.068
Total
9.136
36.545
36.545
Total
7.131
2.071
8.283
46.351
1.699
6.796
43.341
5.512
2.006
8.025
54.376
1.634
6.535
49.876
6.576
1.492
5.968
60.344
1.110
4.438
54.314
4.839
1.168
4.671
65.015
.701
2.805
57.119
5.960
1.091
4.365
69.380
.669
2.674
59.793
4.492
.827
3.310
72.690
.775
3.102
75.791
.618
2.473
78.265
10
.562
2.247
80.511
11
.543
2.170
82.682
12
.522
2.089
84.771
13
.440
1.759
86.530
14
.423
1.693
88.224
15
.413
1.653
89.876
16
.335
1.339
91.215
17
.334
1.336
92.551
18
.320
1.279
93.830
19
.288
1.152
94.982
20
.263
1.053
96.035
21
.246
.983
97.018
22
.229
.916
97.934
23
.192
.766
98.701
24
.171
.683
99.383
% of
Variance
25
.154
.617
100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Axis Factoring.
a When factors are correlated, sums of squared loadings cannot be added to obtain a total variance.
Cumulative
%
---80 --Pattern Matrix(a)

Factor
1
Q6.2
.930
Q6.3
.870
Q6.5
.812
Q6.1
.775
Q6.4
.740
Q7.3
.903
Q7.4
.823
Q7.2
.771
Q7.5
.653
Q5.1
.815
Q4.2
.766
Q5.2
.678
Q4.1
.653
Q4.3
.594
Q2.3
.863
Q2.2
.812
Q2.1
.729
Q2.4
.533
Q3.2
.715
Q3.3
.701
Q3.4
.670
Q3.1
.543
Q1.3
.755
Q1.2
.693
Q1.1
.654
Extraction Method: Principal Axis Factoring. Rotation Method: Promax with Kaiser Normalization.
a Rotation converged in 7 iterations.
---81 ---
III.
Phn tch hi quy
3.1
S dng phng php ENTER

Variables Entered/Removed(b)
Model
1
Variables
Entered
Variables
Removed
Q6, Q1, Q2,

Q4, Q3,
Q5(a)
Method
.
Enter
a All requested variables entered.

Model Summary
Model
R Square
.694(a)
Adjusted
R Square
.482
Std. Error of
the Estimate
.475
.78171
Change Statistics
R Square
Change
.482
F Change
69.000
df1
6
df2
Sig. F Change
445
.000

ANOVA(b)
Model
1
Regression
Sum of
Squares
252.982
Residual
df
271.923
Mean Square
6
42.164
445
Total
524.905
F
69.000
Sig.
.000(a)
.611
451
Coefficients(a)
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Model
B
-.013
Std. Error
.185
Q1
.097
.041
Q2
.134
.043
Q3
.272
Q4
.285
Q5
Q6
(Constant)
Standardized
Coefficients
Sig.
Beta
Collinearity Statistics
Tolerance
VIF
-.069
.945
.098
2.373
.018
.679
1.472
.127
3.098
.002
.696
1.437
.055
.226
4.936
.000
.557
1.796
.056
.239
5.131
.000
.537
1.861
.115
.047
.118
2.419
.016
.488
2.049
.119
.044
.115
2.703
.007
.643
1.555
---82 --Collinearity Diagnostics(a)

Model
Dimension
Eigenvalue
Condition Index
6.726
1.000
(Constant)
.00
Q1
.00
Q2
.00
Q3
.00
Q4
.00
Q5
.00
Q6
.00
.084
8.961
.03
.66
.01
.01
.02
.04
.05
.062
10.455
.05
.03
.31
.00
.00
.23
.21
.043
12.518
.20
.20
.34
.00
.00
.36
.13
.037
13.549
.13
.03
.29
.05
.11
.08
.60
.026
16.127
.58
.08
.01
.16
.37
.29
.00
.024
16.814
.02
.00
.03
.77
.49
.01
.00
Sig.
Variance Proportions
Coefficients(a)
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Model
Standardized
Coefficients
B
-.013
Std. Error
.185
-.069
.945
Q1
.097
.041
.098
2.373
.018
.404
.112
.081
Q2
.134
.043
.127
3.098
.002
.458
.145
.106
Q3
.272
.055
.226
4.936
.000
.572
.228
.168
Q4
.285
.056
.239
5.131
.000
.579
.236
.175
Q5
.115
.047
.118
2.419
.016
.530
.114
.083
Q6
.119
.044
.115
2.703
.007
.472
.127
.092
(Constant)
Beta
Correlations
Zero-order
3.2
S dng phng php STEPWISE

Variables Entered/Removed(a)
Model
1
2
3
4
5
6
Variables
Entered
Variables
Removed
Method
Q4
Stepwise (Criteria: Probability-of-F-to-enter <= .050,

Probability-of-F-to-remove >= .100).
Q3

Q5

Q2

Q6

Q1

Partial
Part
---83 --Model Summary
Model
1
R
.579(a)
R Square
.335
Adjusted R
Square
.334
Std. Error of
the Estimate
.88069
.650(b)
.423
.420
.82149
.672(c)
.452
.448
.80137
.684(d)
.467
.462
.79097
.689(e)
.475
.470
.78575
.694(f)
.482
.475
.78171
a
b
c
d
e
f
Predictors: (Constant), Q4
Predictors: (Constant), Q4, Q3
Predictors: (Constant), Q4, Q3, Q5
Predictors: (Constant), Q4, Q3, Q5, Q2
Predictors: (Constant), Q4, Q3, Q5, Q2, Q6
Predictors: (Constant), Q4, Q3, Q5, Q2, Q6, Q1
ANOVA(g)
Model
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Regression
Sum of Squares
175.879
df
1
Mean Square
175.879
.776
Residual
349.025
450
Total
524.905
451
Regression
221.898
110.949
Residual
303.006
449
.675
Total
524.905
451
Regression
237.200
79.067
Residual
287.705
448
.642
Total
524.905
451
Regression
245.247
61.312
Residual
279.657
447
.626
Total
524.905
451
Regression
249.540
49.908
Residual
275.364
446
.617
Total
524.905
451
Regression
252.982
42.164
Residual
271.923
445
.611
Total
524.905
451
Predictors: (Constant), Q4
Predictors: (Constant), Q4, Q3
Predictors: (Constant), Q4, Q3, Q5
Predictors: (Constant), Q4, Q3, Q5, Q2
Predictors: (Constant), Q4, Q3, Q5, Q2, Q6
Predictors: (Constant), Q4, Q3, Q5, Q2, Q6, Q1
F
226.762
Sig.
.000(a)
164.406
.000(b)
123.119
.000(c)
98.000
.000(d)
80.835
.000(e)
69.000
.000(f)
---84 --Coefficients(a)
Model
1
(Constant)
Unstandardized
Coefficients
B
Std. Error
1.092
.170
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
Sig.
6.417
.000
15.059
.000
1.911
.057
8.622
.000
8.258
.000
1.744
.082
6.269
.000
.299
6.755
.000
.215
4.881
.000
.825
.410
.055
.264
5.747
.000
.304
.055
.252
5.524
.000
Q5
.190
.043
.195
4.449
.000
Q2
.155
.043
.146
3.587
.000
(Constant)
.058
.184
.318
.750
Q4
.283
.056
.237
5.061
.000
Q3
.281
.055
.232
5.064
.000
Q5
.159
.044
.163
3.609
.000
Q2
.152
.043
.144
3.546
.000
Q6
.116
.044
.113
2.637
.009
-.069
.945
Q4
.692
.046
.579
(Constant)
.349
.183
Q4
.448
.052
.375
Q3
.434
.053
.359
(Constant)
.311
.178
Q4
.345
.055
.288
Q3
.361
.053
Q5
.209
.043
(Constant)
.150
.182
Q4
.315
Q3
Q3
Q5
Q2
Q6
Q1
2
Q5
Q2
Q6
Q1
3
Q2
Q6
Q1
4
Q6
Q1
5
Q1
6
(Constant)
-.013
.185
Q4
.285
.056
.239
5.131
.000
Q3
.272
.055
.226
4.936
.000
Q5
.115
.047
.118
2.419
.016
Q2
.134
.043
.127
3.098
.002
Q6
.119
.044
.115
2.703
.007
Q1
.097
.041
.098
2.373
.018
---85 ---
Excluded Variables(f)
Model
1
Beta In
Partial
Correlation
Sig.
Collinearity
Statistics
Q1
.236(a)
5.997
.000
.272
Tolerance
.887
Q2
.258(a)
6.338
.000
.287
.818
Q3
.359(a)
8.258
.000
.363
.679
Q5
.299(a)
6.734
.000
.303
.683
Q6
.239(a)
5.529
.000
.252
.742
Q1
.175(b)
4.577
.000
.211
.843
Q2
.169(b)
4.101
.000
.190
.730
Q5
.215(b)
4.881
.000
.225
.630
Q6
.164(b)
3.862
.000
.180
.696
Q1
.118(c)
2.857
.004
.134
.701
Q2
.146(c)
3.587
.000
.167
.718
Q6
.116(c)
2.688
.007
.126
.644
Q1
.096(d)
2.296
.022
.108
.680
Q6
.113(d)
2.637
.009
.124
.643
Q1
.098(e)
2.373
.018
.112
.679
Q3
Q3
Q5
4
Q2
Q3
Q5
5
Q2
Q3
Q5
Q6
a
b
c
d
e
f
Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Q4

Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Q4, Q3
Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Q4, Q3, Q5
Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Q4, Q3, Q5, Q2
Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Q4, Q3, Q5, Q2, Q6

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---1 ---

1.1 L do hnh thnh ti

C n 33% nhn vin trong doanh nghip khng h c mt cam kt,

Nhng c n 39% nhn vin c xem l b min cng lm vic. H

bit, ch tm vic khc) m chng h c mt k hoch c th no nhm

o lng mc nh hng ca mt s yu t n s trung thnh ca nhn

ph H Ch Minh (i hc Kinh T Thnh ph H Ch Minh, i hc M Thnh

quy tc ti thiu l : 5 x 3 = 15 mu cho mt bin o lng (Bentle & Chou,

1987), do s mu tnh ton ban u l : 29 x 15 = 435.

Gm nhng ni dung : mt s l thuyt v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin, cc

Vit Nam s xut hin ca hng lat cc nh u t nc ngoi v cc ngn hng

V mt doanh thu, cc nhn vin trung thnh c khuynh hng lm vic tt

V mt chi ph, nhng nhn vin trung thnh s li lm vic vi cng ty

Ni cch khc, thay v ch tp trung vo vic nu gi nhn vin (c gng gi li

C nhiu nghin cu v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc, nhng

Kch thch, ng vin nhn vin : tt c cc yu t cu thnh trong thu nhp ca

p ng yu cu ca php lut : nhng vn c bn ca php lut lin quan

Khi c hng thu nhp m ngi lao ng cho l xng ng vi cng

H t c nh b i tm mt vic khc trong khi ang lm v tm hi lng

H c tinh thn v trch nhim cao hn vi cng vic m h ph trch.

H c tnh k lut cao hn trong vic chp hnh ni quy v t ch trong

cc nhn vin tip xc khch hng bi v n to ra s linh ng trong vic p ng

1) Ti cm thy nng lc bn thn ph hp vi yu cu cng vic ca t

2) Cp trn ca ti lun t ra l ngi hiu bit, thn thin v d tip cn.

1) Cp trn phn cng cng vic v ti t thc hin.

2) Ti t ho gii thiu vi mi ngi v sn phm/dch v ca cng ty.

H 2 : iu kin lm vic thun li lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi

H 3 : S ph hp mc tiu lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc

H 4 : C s h tr t cp trn lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t

H5 : c ng nghip ng h th nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc

H 6 : Khen thng cng bng lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t

H 7 : c trao quyn ra quyt nh trong cng vic lm cho nhn

Da vo m hnh nghin cu ca tc gi Trn Th Thu Trang (2006) trn v

Hnh 2.2 : M hnh nghin cu

Thu nhp cao

Khen thng cng

3.1 Thit k nghin cu

Tho lun tay

Hnh 3.1 : Lu thit k nghin cu

3.1.1 Nghin cu nh tnh

Xc nh xem cc trng phng qun l nhn s hiu v nhu cu ca nhn

Xc nh xem nhn vin mong i g trong t chc? theo nhn vin yu t

Thnh phn qun l : ti Cng ty TNHH thng mi sn xut thp khng r

Kt qu nghin cu s b s l c s dng thit k bng cu hi cho nghin

3.1.2 Nghin cu nh lng

nh gi tin cy cc thang o: tin cy ca thang o c nh gi

Tip theo phn tch nhn t s c s dng kim nh s hi t ca cc

Kim nh cc gi thuyt m hnh cu trc v ph hp tng th m hnh.

M hnh hi quy a bin v kim nh vi mc ngha 5% :

3.2 Nghin cu chnh thc

Thnh phn nh sau :

Thnh phn qun l : ti Cng ty TNHH thng mi sn xut thp khng r

Kt qu t nghin cu s b c trnh by phn hiu chnh thang o tip theo.

Thu nhp/lng cao

Cp trn lun lun h tr ti khi vn va ny sinh

Bng 3.2 : Thang o s trung thnh

3.2.4 Nghin cu nh lng

c) Phng php chn mu

3.2.4.3 Thu thp v phn tch d liu

4.1 Tng hp kt qu kho st

4.1.2 Kt qu kho st v tui

4.1.3 Kt qu kho st v trnh

4.1.4 Kt qu kho st v v tr cng tc

Bng 4.4: Kt qu kho st s lng nhn vin theo v tr cng tc