SURGICAL MANAGEMENT for PLEURAL EFFUSION

Tube thoracostomy: A small incision is made in the chest wall, and a plastic tube
is inserted into the pleural space. Chest tubes are attached to suction and are often
kept in place for several days.

Monitor pleural drainage: amount and quality of fluid, air leaks

Repeat chest x-ray for evaluation

Thoracentesis: a needle and a catheter are inserted between the ribs, into the
pleural space where a small amount of fluid is withdrawn for testing; a larger
amount can be removed simultaneously to relieve symptoms.
Pleural decortication: Surgeons operate inside the pleural space, removing
potentially dangerous inflammation and unhealthy tissue.
Pleurodesis: An irritating substance (such as talc or doxycycline) is injected
through a chest tube, into the pleural space. The substance inflames the pleura and
chest wall, which then bind tightly to each other as they heal.