Phn tch nh hng ca cc tham s cu to n

trng thi chu lc trong kt cu nhp cu cong BTCT

trn ng t
TS. Hong H
KS. Nguyn Hu Hng
B mn CTGTTP - Trng i hc GTVT
TM Tt : Bi vit gii thiu mt s kt qu nghin cu nh hng ca cc tham s cu

to n trng thi chu lc trong kt cu nhp cu cong BTCT trn ng t. Kt qu

nghin cu c kh nng h tr cng tc nghin cu, tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh cu
cong BTCT trn thc t.
SUMMARY: The report introduces the researched results about influence of structural
parameters on loaded state of span structure of reinforced concrete curved bridge on otoroad
in Vietnam.

w.n PD
itro F
pd T
f.co ria
m l

1. M u

tin r sang tuyn ng khc hay quay u.

Cc nhnh ng r c cu to nh cc
nhp cu cong v cu r nhnh hoc t hp
cc lin nhp cu cong, cu cho gc, cu
thng ni tip nhau (hnh 2).
Do c im cu to dn n trng thi ni
lc, bin dng pht sinh trong kt cu nhp
cong rt phc tp. Thc t xy dng v khai
thc cc cu cong trn th gii v nc ta
cho thy i hi cn nghin cu mt cch
y hn v cc cng trnh cu cong c v

ww

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Cng vi qu trnh xy dng v pht

trin t nc ta hin nay, do tc th
ha nhanh gy ra tnh trng ch tc giao
thng ngy cng c xu th nghim trng
nhiu thnh ph v cc khu th.
Mt trong nhng gii php c hiu qu l
xy dng cc nt giao ct khng cng mc
(nt giao ct lp th). c im ca cc nt
giao ct lp th l m bo thng xe an ton
v lin tc qua nt, nh m nng cao
nng lc thng xe ca tuyn ng.

Hnh 1: Cu cong nt Nam Chng dng

- H ni
Nhiu cng trnh cu vt v nt giao lp
th c xy dng gn y H ni, Thnh
ph H Ch Minh, Hi phng... thc s
pht huy hiu qu tt, gp phn lm gim
ng k vn nn ch tc giao thng nu trn.
Trn hnh 1 gii thiu mt trong nhng nt
giao thng lp th c xy dng u tin
b nam cu Chng Dng (H ni).
V mt cu to, nt giao thng lp th
thuc dng cng trnh phc tp gm tp hp
cc tuyn ng, cc cu vt, cc nhp dn
cu cn, cu cong, cu r nhnh. Trong kt
cu hon chnh ca nt giao thng lp th
ngoi cc cu vt dng cho cc tuyn chnh
cn c lung ng dnh cho cc phng

Hnh 2: Cu cong trong cc nt giao thng

lp th v ng nhiu tng
mt cu to, m hnh v phng php tnh
ton, cng ngh xy dng v c yu cu v
mt kin trc, m quan ca cc cng trnh.
Bi vit cp mt s kt qu phn tch
nh hng ca cc tham s cu to c bn
n s bin i tr s ni lc bin dng trong
kt cu nhp cu cong BTCT trn ng t.
2. c im cu to ca kt cu
nhp cu cong

2-1. Cc yu cu chung
Do phi tha mn cc ch tiu k thut
ca tuyn ng, kt cu nhp cu cong
thng c cu to phc tp. Cu c th nm
trn ng cong c bn knh khng i, bn
1

y Tc khai thc ca ti trng trn cu (v).

y Siu cao mt cu phn xe chy trn on
cong (isc).
y Bn knh ng cong ng trn cu ( R).
y dc dc ( id).
Ngoi ra cn phi quan tm ti cc yu cu
v tnh khng, tm nhn di cu, hay chiu
di cc on chuyn tip t on cu thng
vo cu cong...
Mt vn khc cng i hi quan tm
ng mc l do trng thi ni lc bin dng
rt phc tp, cc cu cong BTCT c cu to
v s b tr ct thp thng v d ng lc
khc bit v phc tp hn dn n cu to chi
tit khc cng c s bit so vi cc cu trn

knh thay i, trn on cong c cc on

thng xen gia, ng cong o chiu...
Trong trng hp a hnh phc tp cn
phi thit k cu cong c dng xon c nh
cu dn u cu Thanh tr (H Ni) ang
xy dng. Trn hnh 3 gii thiu cc dng
ng cong c bn p dng cho qu o tim
cc cu cong trn mt bng.

.d

ww

Nit

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w.n PD
itro F
pd T
f.co ria
m l

.a

ng thng thng thng.

Hin nay, bn cnh vic tin hnh xy
dng chng ta ang gp rt b sung cc
nghin cu, c kt thm kinh nghim cng
nh dn hnh thnh cc Tiu chun thit k,
cc ch dn c th, ph hp cho thit k v
cng ngh xy dng cu cong.
Vn nu trn s c b khuyt v hon
thin dn trn c s tp hp cc ni dung
nghin cu ca nhng chuyn gia ngnh cu
quan tm n vn ny.
2-2. La chn cc tham s cu to trong
bi ton thit k cu cong
a. Chiu di nhp, s cu.
Trong thc t cc cu cong thng c p
dng cho cc cu cn, cu vt ng hay
cc nhnh r trong cc nt giao thng lp
th.Vic la chn chiu di vt nhp thng
da trn cc c s sau y:

w.n PD
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pd T
f.co ria
m l

Hnh 3: Cc dng ng cong p dng cho

cu cong
Tuy mt s cng trnh cu cong c
xy dng nh nt giao thng nam cu
Chng Dng (H ni), cu dn vo nh ga
sn bay Ni Bi, tuyn cu dn u cu M
Thun, cu vt Hong Long (Thanh Ha)...
nhng nhn chung kinh nghim thit k v
xy dng cc cng trnh cu cong ca ngnh
xy dng cu Vit Nam cha tht nhiu.
V mt cu to cng c nhng vn cn
quan tm y hn, ngoi mt s nhp cu
dng bn cong ti nt giao thng nam
Chng Dng, a s cc cng trnh cu
cong xy dng nc ta l dng s dng
cc sn dm thng t theo ng gp
khc, pha trn bn mt cu c ti ch
theo ng cong. Gii php trn c u im
n gin cu to, gim mc phc tp
khu thit k, thun tin thi cng. Tuy nhin
cha hon ton tha mn cc yu cu v
kin trc. Mt khc khu ca cc nhp
cu cong mi p dng trong khong (15 20)m cho cc cu bn BTCTDL v (20 40) m cho cc cu dng sn dm thng,
bn mt cu theo ng cong. Trong tng
lai chng ta cn phi xy dng cc cu trn
ng cong c hnh dng tha mn yu cu
kin trc v chiu di nhp ln hn.
Khc vi cc cu nm trn ng thng,
thit k cc cu cong phi quan tm nhiu
vn , trong cn c bit ch ti cc
yu t hnh hc c trng gm:
y Bn knh ca ng cong (R).
y m rng phn ng xe chy trn cu
(m).

Thoa man yeu cau cua tnh khong thong

xe pha di cau (hnh 4), do vay chieu dai
nhp trc het phai phu hp vi ac iem quy
mo be rong cua tuyen ng i pha di cau
va chieu dai ket cau nhp co the tnh theo cong
thc sau:
Lnhp = SLx RL + GPC + 2 xVH + KCAT (1)

Trong :

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SL: so lan xe cua tuyen ng di cau.

RL: be rong cua 1 lan xe
GPC: be rong cua giai phan cach tren ng
VH: be rong va he
KCAT: khoang cach an toan cua tru (tnh t
mep le ng en mep than tru, thng co
the lay t 1 - 2m).
Lnhp: Tong chieu dai cac nhp cau vt.

Trng hp tuyen di cau khong ln ch c. Ban knh cong

dung 1 nhp. Vi trng hp nhieu nhp can
Tuy theo toc o thiet ke, ac iem a hnh va
m rong va bo tr bo tr tru trung gian giai giai phap thi cong ma la chon ban knh cong
phan cch (GPC).
cau cho phu hp. Tuy vay, ban knh cong phai
tha mn yeu cau cua ban knh toi thieu theo
Tiu chun thit k [1].

R min =

v2

(2)

127(i sc max + f )

Trong o:
v: van toc thiet ke (km/h)
isc : o sieu cao tnh theo %
f : he so ma sat ngang cua mat ng. Gia tr f
tham khao bang 3.
Tr so ban knh cong toi thieu tnh theo cong
thc (2) ap dung cho cac cau cong tren cac
tuyen giao thong, tai cac nut giao lap the, toc
o thiet ke (v) co the lay bang 0.7 gia tr toc o
thiet ke cua xe trc khi vao nut, theo o ban
knh toi thieu cua cac cau cong trong nut cung
giami. ieu nay se lam giam bt kho khan ve
mat bang xay dng cac nut giao lap the.
Ngoai tr nhng cau nhanh re, cac cau chnh
nen u tien thiet ke vi ban knh cong ln:
+ Vi toc o thiet ke t 6080 km/h, dung
ban knh R=505000m.
+ Vi toc o thiet ke t 8090 km/h, dung
ban knh R=10005000m.
+ Vi toc o thiet ke t 90110 km/h, dung
ban knh R=20005000m
+ Vi toc o thiet ke t 110120 km/h,
dung

Hnh 4

w.n PD
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pd T
f.co ria
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am bao ve tam nhn trong cac nut giao

thong lap the. Yeu cau chung la phai am bao
cho ngi lai xe nhn thay bien bao hay au
ao trong nut t khoang cach t nhat la 180m.
Phai vt qua c nhng vat kien truc cn
bo tn bn di cau.
am bao kha nang chu cac loai tai trong
tac dung trong giai oan thi cong va khai
thac.
Hai hoa ve mat kien truc, phu hp vi trnh
o cong nghe xay dng hien tai.
b. Chiu rng cu v phn m rng
ng xe chy trn cu

phn

Nit

ro

Theo tieu chuan 22TCN-273-01[1], o

rong cua 1 lan xe tieu chuan la boi so cua
0.25m va thng thay oi t 3.0m en 3.75m.
Vi nhng cau c xay dng trong o th , be
rong lan xe (cha tnh phan m rong ng
cong) co the tham khao cac gia tr bang 1.

ww

Bang 1: Be rong cau khi cau xay dng trong thanh pho

Toc o thiet ke (km/h)

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Be rong lan (m)

3.00

3.50

3.50

3.50

3.75

3.75

3.75

Be rong mat cau 2 lan(m)

6.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

7.50

7.50

7.50

Be rong mat cau 4 lan(m)

12.0

14.0

14.0

14.0

15.0

15.0

15.0

Be rong mat cau cong lay bang be rong mat

cau thang (bang 1) cong them phan m rong
phan xe chay tren ng cong. Tuy vay, trong
cac trng hp khi xac nh be rong mat cau
can phai tham khao them ve s phu hp vi
quy mo mat cat ngang cua toan tuyen.
o m rong mat cau cho cho 2 lan xe,
chieu rong phan xe chay K = 7.0 m tren ng
cong phu thuoc ban knh cong va toc o thiet
ke theo [1] ghi trong bang 2.

ban knh R=30005000m

Vi nhng cau co toc o thiet ke nho hoac
tai cac nhanh re th ban knh cong thiet ke co
the giam ti mc toi thieu.
3. nh hng ca cc tham s cu
to n s bin i ni lc v
chuyn v ca kt cu nhp cu
cong.

Theo kt qu nghin cu ca G.S Gibsman

[3]. Ni lc trong kt cu nhp cu cong ph
4

do mt bng xy dng cht hp v yu cu

vn tc phng tin khng ln v vy thng
chn bn knh rt nh, trng hp c bit
c th phi s dng Rmin=10m. ph hp
vi iu kin chu lc cn chn t l
(L / R) 2 , cho cc chiu di nhp L 20m.

thuc vo cc tham s c bn sau y:

1. S kt cu (s lng nhp lin tc).
2. Dng ng cong (cong lin tc hay cc
ng cong c cc on thng ni gia).
3. iu kin lin kt ti gi (s gi kim

Bang 2: Phan m rong mat cau trong trng hp co 2 lan xe (kho 7m)
Ban knh
cong (m)

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

1500
1000
750
500
400
300
250
200
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.1

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8

0.0
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.8

0.0
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.6

0.0
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.5

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.5

0.0
0.2
0.3
0.5

0.1
0.2
0.3

w.n PD
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Toc o thiet ke (km/h)

Bang 3: He so ma sat ngang cua mat ng

Toc o thiet ke (km/h)

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

0.17

0.16

0.15

0.14

0.14

0.13

0.12

0.11

0.09

ro

He so ma sat ngang

40

ww

Nit

ch xon trn m, tr).

4. T l chiu di nhp so vi bn knh
cong L/R.
5. T l gia cng chng un v
cng chng xon ca kt cu nhp
EJ/GJx
Hai tham s bn knh cong (R) v chiu
di nhp (L) quyt nh cong ca kt
cu t nh hng trc tip n trng
thi ni lc v bin dng trong kt cu
nhp. Trn bng 4 gii thiu v d kt qu
nghin cu ng nh hng ni lc bin
dng cho cu cong mt nhp theo [3].
Kt qu trn bng 4 cho thy t s L/ R
nh hng rt ln ti ni lc trong kt cu
nhp cu cong. c bit ch khi t l ny
bng 3 ni lc tng mt cch t bin.
Trn thc t, thit k cu cong thuc lp
bi ton kh c khu cu to v tnh
ton. Trong thnh ph v cc khu th,

Do yu cu cng ngh cng nh xt ti kt

cu nn mng cng trnh thng thng chiu
di cc nhp trong mt cu c chn bng
nhau. Nh vy vic iu chnh ng cong tim
cu trn mt bng s ty thuc vo s bin i
bn knh cong. Trn bng 5 l kt qu tnh ton
th nghim cho kt cu nhp cong c chiu di
L =25m, bn knh cong thay i t 20- 70m.
Bng 6 l kt qu kho st cho trng hp
bn knh cong khng i R = 20 m trong khi
tham s chiu di nhp thay i t 20 -30m.

mt kha cnh khc ca vn , trong iu

kin t l L / R c chn hp l v khng i,
s bin thin ni lc v vng khi chiu di
nhp v bn knh thay i cng cho thy yu
cu cn nghin cu y hn.
Trn bng 7 gii thiu mt s kt qu kho
st bc u cho khong nhp trung bnh t 20
- 40 m khi bn knh cong thay i tng ng
nhm c nh t l L /R.

Bng 4: Dm cong mt nhp c b

tr gi chng xon hai u nhp

Mt
ct

EJ
GJ x

Tung ng nh hng khi P=1 t ti cc v tr

L
R

L/8

L/4

3L/8

L/2

5L/8

3L/4

7L/8

G/T chun
nhn vo
tung

ng nh hng m men un do lc n v di ng theo tim dm

0.110.0

L/2

0.110.0

3.0

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.09
0.10
0.11
0.14
0.20
0.67
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.11
0.12

0.19
0.20
0.22
0.26
0.37
1.25
012
0.14
0.17
0.22
0.37

0.16
0.17
0.20
0.25
0.39
1.54
0.19
0.21
0.24
0.32
0.51

0.12
0.14
0.17
0.22
0.37
1.61
0.25
0.27
0.31
0.39
0.60

0.09
0.11
0.13
0.18
0.32
1.45
0.19
0.21
0.24
0.32
0.51

0.06
0.07
0.09
0.13
0.23
1.10
012
0.14
0.17
0.22
0.37

0.03
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.12
0.59
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.11
0.12

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00

0.86

1.61

2.13

2.35

2.13

1.61

0.86

0.00

w.n PD
itro F
pd T
f.co ria
m l

L/4

0.0
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0.0
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5

ng nh hng m men xon do lc n v di ng theo tim dm

0.110.0

L/ 4

0.110.0

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
-0.04
-0.06
-0.10
-0.20
-0.88
0.00
-0.02
-0.03
-0.05
-0.11
-0.58

ro

Gi
L=0

0.0
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0.0
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0

0.00
-0.06
-0.10
-0.17
-0.34
-1.59
0.00
-0.03
-0.06
-0.11
-0.29
-1.09

0.00
-0.07
-0.12
-0.21
-0.42
-2.04
0.00
-0.05
-0.08
-0.14
-0.29
-1.44

0.00
-0.07
-0.12
-0.21
-0.43
-2.19
0.00
-0.05
-0.09
-0.16
-0.31
-1.56

0.00
-0.06
-0.11
-0.19
-0.39
-2.01
0.00
-0.05
-0.08
-0.14
-0.29
-1.43

0.00
-0.04
-0.08
-0.14
-0.29
-1.53
0.00
-0.03
-0.06
-0.11
-0.29
-1.09

0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.07
-0.16
-0.82
0.00
-0.02
-0.03
-0.06
-0.12
-0.59

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

ng nh hng vng khi P =1 di ng dc tim dm

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Nit

0.0
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0.0
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0

ww

0.1

-0.76
-0.96
-1.33
-2.29
-0.62
-1.10
-0.76
-1.93
-0.43
-1.12
-0.43
-1.02

L/ 2
10

-1.43
-1.80
-2.47
-4.25
-1.15
-2.04
-1.43
-3.60
-0.80
-2.07
-0.79
-1.89

-1.90
-2.38
-3.26
-5.59
-1.50
-2.67
-1.90
- 4.74
-1.04
- 2.71
-1.03
-2.47

-2.08
-2.60
-3.55
-6.07
-1.63
-2.89
-2.08
-5.15
-1.13
-2.94
-1.12
-2.68

-1.90
-2.38
-3.26
-5.59
-1.50
-2.67
-1.90
- 4.74
-1.04
- 2.71
-1.03
-2.47

-1.43
-1.80
-2.47
-4.25
-1.15
-2.04
-1.43
-3.60
-0.80
-2.07
-0.79
-1.89

-0.76
-0.96
-1.33
-2.29
-0.62
-1.10
-0.76
-1.93
-0.43
-1.12
-0.43
-1.02

0.00
0.00
L3
0.01
0.00
EJ
0.00
0.00 0.1 L3/ EJ
0.00 1.0 L3/ EJ
0.00 0.01L3/EJ
0.00
0.00 0.3 L3/EJ
0.00
0.00 1.0 L3/ EJ
0.00 10. L3/ EJ

Bng 5 : Kt qu tnh ton th nghim cho kt cu nhp cong c chiu di L=25, bn

knh cong thay i t 20 70m
L(m)
25
25
25
25
R(m)
20
25
30
35
L/R
1.25
1.00
0.833 0.714
Mu(T.m) 190.9 179.88 173.88 171.35
(T/m2) 143.18 134.91 130.40 128.51
Mx(T.m) 69.67 52.30 42.01 35.48
(T/m2) 28.37 21.30 17.11 14.45

25
25
25
25
40
45
50
55
0.625 0. 556 0. 500 0. 455
169.41 168.10 167.18 166.50
127.06 126.08 125.39 124.88
30.67 27.04 23.30 21.90
12.49 11.01
9.68
8.67

25
60
0. 417
165.99
124.49
20.01
8.15

25
25
65
70
0. 385 0. 357
165.60 165.29
124.20 123.97
18.42 17.07
7.50
6.95

Bng 6: Kt qu kho st cho trng hp bn knh cong khng i R=50m, trong khi
tham s chiu di nhp thay i t 20 - 30m
L(m)
20
21
22
23
24
R(m)
50
50
50
50
50
L/R
0.400 0.420 0.440 0.460 0.480
Mu(T.m) 124.24 131.97 139.85 149.38 157.64
(T/m2) 145.59 140.27 135.44 132.37 128.29
Mx(T.m) 14.47 16.20 17.93 19.66 21.39
9.03
9.17
9.25
9.28
9.68
(T/m2)

25
26
27
50
50
50
0.500 0.520 0.540
167.11 176.64 185.81
125.33 122.48 119.48
24.32 27.25 30.18
9.71
10.06 10.33

28
50
0.560
195.16
116.69
33.11
10.54

29
30
50
50
0.580 0.600
204.51 215.26
113.99 112.11
36.04 45.82
10.70 12.71

Bng 7 : Kt qu kho st cho trng hp chiu di nhp t 20 - 40m, khi bn knh cong
thay i tng ng nhm c nh t l L/R = 0.5
Ghi ch : Trong cc bng 5,6 v 7
L(m)
20
25
30
35
40
- Kt cu bn gin n, chiu cao h = 1m, rng
R(m)
40
50
60
70
80
B= 8m
- Mu, : M men un, ng sut ln nht xut
hin trn kt cu do on xe H30.
- Mx, : M men xon, ng sut tip ln nht
xut hin trn kt cu do on xe H30.

Mx(T.m) 18.05
(T/m2) 11.83

w.n PD
itro F
pd T
f.co ria
m l

Mu(T.m) 125.25 167.18 213.09 286.20 363.83

(T/m2) 183.47 125.39 92.50 135.17 115.11
24.19
9.85

35.63
10.07

48.17
14.41

60.39
13.83

hnh hp gim t l EJ/GJx trong cu to

1. La chn cu to hp l l mt trong cc kt cu nhp cu cong.
nhng ni dung phc tp v c ngha quan
Ti liu tham kho
trng trong bi ton thit k cu cong. Mc
kh khn cn tng thm trong trng hp [1]. Tiu chun thit k cu 22 TCN-272mt bng xy dng cht hp nh trong cc 01. B GTVT, 2001.
nt giao thng lp th hay trong th.
[2]. M.E. GIBSMAN: Proektirovanie
2. Kt qu phn tch trong cc bng 4, 5 Transpornk
Xooruzenyi - Transportv 6 cho thy r t l L / R c tc ng rt Moskva, 1980. (Ting Nga).
nhy cm vi trng thi ng sut bin dng [3]. M.E. GIBSMAN: Tablys dlia raxtrieta
trong kt cu. Kt hp vi cc kt qu proletnkh
stroenyi
Transpornk
nghin cu trong [2], [3], [4] v[5] cho thy Xooruzenyi - Transport- Moskva, 1985.
nn chn t k L/ R 2.
(Ting Nga).
3. Trong trng hp a hnh cht hp [4]. Hiroshi Nakai, Chai Hong Yoo:
khng ch bn knh cong nh c th la Analysis and design of curved steel Bridges.
McGraw- Hill. New Yrok, 1988.
chn mt trong hai gii php:
- Chn nhp nh c dc t l L / R [5]. E.C. Hambly Feng, FICE: Bridge
deck behaviour- E&FN SPON, London,
ph hp.
- S dng ng cong c bn knh thay 1991.
i lin tc ci thin trng thi ni lc, [6]. Dng vn hip: Nghin cu tng
quan v thit k v cng ngh xy dng cu
bin dng trong h.
4. Kt qu nghin cu cng cho thy u cong. Lun vn Thc s k thut, i hc
im ni tri ca vic s dng mt ct ngang GTVT, H ni, 11-2002

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