R°L¥ in this
N .
S(a,73,b;) < pal (2.10)
for a@< mj, 1,2. By the Schwarz inequality, we have
Jom
|
ry, by)S(aje(—Na)do|
Slam .b)S(
ming 46 Z Cui
1 W2 7 at VF
< max \S(os r1,81)| (f [Stay rad}/a) Uf istoyea)
max bo fi
+ mae [S(ar2, t)] (f [Sloan ty) 2 "ua OE |S(a) Pea).
1 2 1 1/2
max istayl([istevr tua) ([Ista.ra Pda)
Since we have
2
2
1 3 NL
2 24 2 —
f [S(@, rj. bj) Pda = > log? p < > logtine 7%
Mepsn Mecnsn
pabjmod ry n=, mod rj
and
1
[ |SlajPda ~ NL,
0
we infer from (2.9) and (2.10) that
[ le
\ms|
ne?
rire
pra? (2.11)
uniformly for 7) ~ R andr, ~ R.
The above upper bound over m\mg is adinissible for every individual
pair (r},72). But over ms, the individual bound is not under control,
and we need another treatment. First note that in the form of (2.2),
Ra sq < RL,
holds for any a € m3, and so we extend the domain of the integral and
take the mean-value as follows
DD ae Jf 'S(cur1,b1)S(a, 72,9) S(ce(—Na)de |
sya rgwn ts}
«yy oe
riwkrewit” The Goldbach- Vinogradov Theorem in arithmetic progressions 47
[ (> max jste.189) to,se
‘om(a.9)
Gun)=
nt
< max max |S(a/q¢+A,71, bs
qe ims | . wbdl
« SD nox [star mysteyida.
To estimate the sum in the first bracket above, we distinguish two cases.
In the case r|g, which can happen at most two times, we use the trivial
estimate; and in the case (ri,q) = 1 (reall that ry js a prime), we have
roa serigtr
=mtaz/g+ Ag
by (2.2). Here m and az are integers not contributing the exponen-
tial sum S(@,7,6), and Ay = 72. The benefit is that ¢ = gz remain
unchanged, and
Dal = IPN [i enssnin An, A]EN
2¢RQ
nai mod 73 Mz mod ke”
AAs in the proof of (4.4), we nate that r* = 1 or ry = ry for j = 12
and that ifr, # rg, then (rt,r3) = 1. Hence for primitive characters
& mod r} and nr mod rf, gm: is also 9 primitive character modrj7}.
Hence, by the Schwarz Besa
YY ral « KNEMSE SE yy
nN RrasR rusk Hy <2 gy mod r§
. 2/kQ y
x tf. iw immoran}
~25RQ
oq todd kp The Goldbach- Vinogradov Theorem in arithmetic progressions 55
1 +
* a
ty
rer") gents & mod
. . 2/RQ ye
xy Dy {/ ° IW’ (E1qima. 9) vas}
nay mod rma mod ky 2h
NLS? (Ko + Ky)(o + Ky + Ka + Ks). (4.8)
Similarly, wo have
SOS vou! « NE, (4.9)
rive
and
SY by| «NEN. (4.10)
ARR
Now, collecting the formulas (4.1)-(4.10), we have
ry iL Sto r1, br) Ser, 72, bo) S(aa)der — (Ly9 = Taq + Lop)
om
riekrink
< LB LN (Sg + A) + N(Ko + K) + Kat Ky)
x (Kt Kit Ko= Ky + Kit Ks)}, (4.11)
where [gy is defined in a similar way to Jy9 from the integral over N,
We will show that the estimates of J and K are admissible in the next
section.
5. The estimates of J and K.
We will need somo lemnias in the following discussion, Let u satisfy
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