Phuong Phap Chua Noi Lap Toan Dien

Phng php cha ni lp ton din
Stuttering Therapy
http://echovietnam.org
Comprehensive
Phillip J. Roberts
Mc Lc
Contents
Phn hi ca Echo Vit Nam........................................................................2
Li M u...................................................................................................3
Nu con bn ni lp.................................................................................4
Chng 1: Tng Bng Tri Ni Lp..............................................................5
Bi tp 2: Th lng Trc Trng Ca Bn.......................................................9
Bi tp 3: Th Bng Bng..........................................................................11
Bi tp 4: Ch Gy Ra Hiu ng Valsalva Khi Khng Cn Thit...............12
Bi tp 5: Thay i Cch Thn Th Bn Phn ng Vi Stress..................14
Bi tp 6: Thay i Cch Bn Hiu V Li Ni........................................16
Bi tp 7: Pht m.....................................................................................17
Bi tp 8: Ly Hi v Ni Chm.................................................................21
Bi tp 9: Pht m Hu Thanh..................................................................25
Bi tp 10: K thut Demosthenes............................................................28
Bi tp 11: Luyn Tp Mi Ngy.............................................................43
Bi tp 12: Lng Nghe Ngi Khc............................................................50
Bi tp 13: Bn Khng C n...............................................................51
Bi tp 15: Tha Nhn Tt Ni Lp Ca Bn.............................................54
Bi tp 16: Hnh X Nh Ngi Khng B Ni Lp.....................................58
Bi tp 17: Ni Trc Gng......................................................................60
Bi tp 18: Tip Xc Bng Mt..................................................................61
Bi tp 20: Ni Bng C Thn Th..........................................................65
Bi tp 21: Lm Th No Ngt Li Ngi Khc.....................................67
Bi tp 22: Hy Ni To!..............................................................................69
Bi tp 23: Hy Ht!..................................................................................72
Bi tp 24: Hy Ngt Ging!......................................................................74
Bi tp 25: By T Cm Xc Ca Bn........................................................78
Bi tp 27: ng Km Nn Khng Ni........................................................82
Bi tp 28: Cng Khai By T nh Giu Kn Ca Bn............................87
Bi tp 29: Trnh Ni Trnh.......................................................................89
Bi tp 30: Chn Th Hin Thi Tch Cc.............................................91
Kt Lun....................................................................................................93
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Stuttering Therapy
Comprehensive
Phillip J. Roberts
Phn hi ca Echo Vit Nam

Phng php cha ni lp ton din c Echo Vit nam www.echovietnam.org
dch t quyn sch Comprehensive Stuttering Therapy v pht hnh di s cho
php ca tc gi Phillip J. Roberts. y l mt trong nhiu ti liu min ph h
tr cho ngi ni lp Vit Nam. Mi vic trch dn t sch ny phi ghi r xut
x ca quyn sch. Mi yu cu pht hnh li, in li phi c s chp thun
ca Echo Vit Nam, i din l ngi sng lp Trng Minh S Nhin.
Ti liu ny tuyt i khng c s dng vi mc ch thng mi di
mi hnh thc.
i din, nhm Echo Vit Nam, ti xin chc cc bn sm thnh cng trong vic
giao tip cng chng v i thng. Thnh cng s khng l xa vi nu ai kin
tr tm kim n.
Ti cng xin gi li cm n n tc gi Phillip J. Roberts, cho php, ti, t
chc Echo Vit nam c php dch v pht hnh phc v rng ri cho cng
ng ni lp Vit nam.
Si Gn, thng 10 nm 2009
Ngi sng lp Echo Vit nam
Trng Minh S Nhin

tmsnhien@gmail.com
Li M u
Bn l ngi ni lp v bn tha thit mun c ni tri chy. Bn c cm gic
tt ni lp ang iu khin cuc i bn v bn mun tm cch no cha
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Stuttering Therapy
Comprehensive
Phillip J. Roberts
tr n. C l bn tham kho nhiu bin php nhng khng c phng php

no tht s c hiu qu.
Quyn sch ny s gip bn dn ni tri chy v cui cng s hon ton loi tr
tt ni lp ra khi cuc i bn. Tin trnh ny s mt nhiu thi gian; c th l
vi thng v c th hn mt nm. C l bn tng m mt liu php gip bn
khc phc tt ni lp ch trong vng vi ngy v c th bn s tht vng khi bit
cn mt khong thi gian di mi lm c vic . Bn phi hiu rng bn
ni lp nhiu nm hay nhiu thp k ri. Ni lp l mt thi quen n su vo
bn v thay i c thi quen y th tt yu phi cn thi gian.
Phn u tin ca quyn sch s cho bn s m t l thuyt v tt ni lp. Phn
ny s cung cp cho bn nhng hiu bit c bn bn cn c cha tt ni lp.
Bn s nhn ra rng ni lp l mt hin tng phc tp khng ch lin quan n
li ni ca bn. Hin tng ni lp cng bao hm mi hnh thc c x v nhng
hnh x ny s phi thay i nu bn mun khc phc dn tt ni lp.
Phn th hai ca quyn sch ny gm 30 bi luyn tp vi mc tiu l khc
phc tt ni lp ca bn. Nhng bi tp ny c chia lm hai phn. Lot bi
tp th nht trc tip cp n tin trnh ni cn lot bi tp th hai cp
n nhng cch c x khc lin quan n vic ni lp.
C th bn s ni tri chy trc khi bn thc hnh ht cc bi tp ny. Tuy
nhin, nu iu ny xy ra, ti khuyn bn c tip tc thc hin cc bi tp cn
li. Thnh cng trong vic ni tri chy l nhim v d gy nn nhng duy tr
c s tri chy cng khng phi l iu d dng. Nhng bi tp trong sch
ny khng ch gip bn ni tri chy thi nhng cn gip bn duy tr vic ni
tri chy.
Nhng cn thn trng, ni lp l mt hin tng phc tp v khng c hai
ngi ni lp no ging ht nhau. Quyn sch ny s gip ch rt nhiu cho hu
ht ngi b ni lp nhng ti khng th bo m rng n s c hiu qu cho
mi ngi. Cng c kh nng him hoi l sau khi c sch v thc hnh tt c
bi tp trong sch, bn s khng thy bt k s tin b no c. Trong trng hp
, xin ng b cuc. Bn c th tham vn mt chuyn vin y t v ging ni
(speech pathology) hoc tm kim s gip thm t mng Internet. C ch th
nn. Nu bn tht s mun khc phc tt ni lp, bn s tm ra cch t c
mc ch . N c th tn thi gian nhng vi lng kin tr, chc chn bn s
thnh cng, d c hay khng c sch ny gip .
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Stuttering Therapy
Comprehensive
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Nu con bn ni lp
Nu con bn ni lp, bn nn c phn I (M T L Thuyt v Tt Ni Lp).
Nhng trang ny s gip bn hiu hin tng ni lp l g v gip bn thu hiu
cm xc cng nh nhn thc ca mt ngi ni lp. Ri t bn s d dng
hiu con bn hn v gip chu ni tri chy.
Phn II (Liu Php Cha Tt Ni Lp Dnh Cho Ngi Ln V Thanh Thiu
Nin) khng dnh cho tr em. y l phn ch yu dnh cho thanh thiu nin v
ngi ln. Nhng a tr ln hn cng c th c ch li t nhng bi tp ny
di s hng dn ca ngi ln. Du con bn trong tui no, ti cng
ngh bn nn c phn II v nhng thng tin trong nhng trang ny s gip bn
hiu bit tt hn v tt ni lp.
Phn III (Liu Php Cha Tt Ni Lp Dnh Cho Tr Em) c vit c bit
cho bn. Phn ny cung cp nhng thng tin c gi tr v tr em vi tt ni lp.
Phn III cng gii thch iu bn c th lm gip con bn b tt ni lp v tr
thnh ngi ni tri chy.
Vi n lc ca mnh, ti chc bn s gp may mn. Nu bn c cu hi hay
nhn xt no th xin ng do d lin h vi ti qua trang web
http://www.stuttering.ch.
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Stuttering Therapy
Comprehensive
Phillip J. Roberts
Chng 1: Tng Bng Tri Ni Lp

nh ngha
Theo t in, ni lp l ni ngp ngng khng lin tc, hoc ko di hoc lp
li m tit (T in American Heritage).
Tt c nhng ai ni lp u tha nhn rng nh ngha ny qu ngn nh th n
ch m t phn thy c (hoc ng hn l phn nghe c) ca hin tng
ni lp.
i vi ngi ni lp, ni lp tht s bao hm nhiu ngha hn ch l s lp li
v m thanh.
Ni lp cng c ngha l cm gic k l m bn cm nhn c trong lng khi
bn bit bn sp sa ni lp.
Ni lp c ngha l cm thy tht vng, xu h, ti li v lng t trng b tn
thng.
Ni lp ngha l bn s mua ci bnh to thay v mua bnh rn v bn cm thy
ch bnh to (apple pie) d ni hn ch bnh rn (doughnut). Hoc c th
bn s mua hai ci bnh rn thay v ch mt v bn cm thy cm t hai ci
bnh rn (two doughnut) d ni hn l mt ci bnh rn (one doughnut). Ri
bn ra v ngc nhin sao mnh khng i lm n ht c hai.
Ni lp ngha l bn s tm ra mi l do chnh ng khng yu cu tng
lng d r rng bn xng ng c iu .
Ni lp ngha l bn ngi khc hn h vi c gi xinh p n ch v bn lo
lng bn s ni lp khi mi c ta n ti.
Ni lp cng c ngha bn dng mi k thut ni trnh nh s dng nhng t
m ( m vng .) hoc dng nhng ch khng thch hp lm ch v
bn cm thy chng d ni hn.
Ni lp ngha l bn phi nghe ngi khc a ra nhng li khuyn ngu ngc
v v ch nh Bnh tnh no. Th ci . Ni chm thi.
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Comprehensive
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Tng bng tri ni lp

Ni lp ging nh mt tng bng tri (xem hnh v trang 11): N c c phn
thy c v phn khng thy c. Phn thy c, phn tng bng ni trn
mt nc, ch chim khong 10% tng khi lng. 90% cn li nm di mt
nc v khng th nhn thy t trn b mt.
Phn ni ngp ngng khng lin tc, hoc ko di hoc lp li m tit tng
trng cho phn thy c ca Tng Bng Tri Ni Lp v ch l mt phn
nh ca hin tng ny.
Phn b khut ca tng bng tri ni lp bao gm nhng iu sau:
1)
S cng c ca h thng Valsalva:
iu ny s c m t chi tit trong chng sau.

2)
Nhng kiu th bt bnh thng:
Ngi ni lp thng c nhng kiu th khc thng v gp kh khn trong

vic va th va ni. Thnh thong h c gng ni vi t hi th ra t phi hoc
va ni va ht hi vo.
3) Nhng xc cm, tnh cm v nhn thc tiu cc nh s xu h, mc cm
ti li, s tht vng, s ngng ngng, lng t trng b tn thng, thiu t
tin:
Ngi ni lp thng hay cm thy h thn v khng c kh nng ni tri chy
v h thng cm thy v dng v nhng kh khn h gp khi phi giao tip vi
ngi khc. H cm thy ti li v khng th t c nhng g h cm thy h
s t c nu h ni tri chy. H cm thy lng tng v ni khng lu lot
v lm ngi nghe mt kin nhn.
4) Ni s vi nhng tnh hung ni chuyn c bit:
Hu ht ngi ni lp u s nhng tnh hung ni chuyn c bit nh s dng
in thoi, gi thc n trong nh hng, hi thm ng Ni lp lun l tnh
trng nhy cm. N tu thuc vo mi c nhn nhng mt ngi ni lp in
hnh s ni lp hn khi ni chuyn vi nhng nhn vt c thm quyn nh vin
cnh st, cha m, thy c hay ngi ch ca mnh. Ngi ni lp s khng h
ni lp khi ni chuyn mt mnh hoc vi vt nui khi khng c ai bn cnh.
Ngi ni lp thng t ni lp hn khi ni chuyn vi ngi phi ngu ca
mnh c l v ngi chng hoc ngi v ca ngi y l ngi kh thn thit.
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Comprehensive
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5) S dng t m:
Khi mt ngi ni lp cm thy c iu g cn tr li ni th ngi thng
thm vo nhng t v ngha nh: m, , , vng, Mi ngi u
c xu hng dng nhng t v ngha nh th nhng xu hng ny xy ra kh
thng xuyn hn i vi ngi ni lp. Ngi ni lp lun cm thy nhng t
v ch s gip h c mt khi u lin lc v gip h ni nhanh qua nhng
t kh ni.
6) K thut ni trnh:
Khi mt ngi ni lp cm thy s gp kh khn khi ni mt t c th no ,
ngi y thng s dng t khc vi ngha tng ng. Thng th t thay th
ny km chnh xc hn v iu ny s ngy cng khin ngi cm thy khng
th giao tip c hiu qu c. Ngi ni lp thnh thong s ni hon ton
khc vi nhng iu h mun ni.
7) Km nn khng ni:
Mt cch khc trnh b ni lp l khng ni. Chc chn bn nh phi nghe
ngi no lm nhm nhng li v ngha ch v ngi s phi ni. y
hn l mt trong nhng tnh hung gy nn lng nht m ngi ni lp phi
chu ng.
8) Trnh nhn vo mt:
Ngi ni lp c khuynh hng trnh nhn vo mt ngi nghe. H lm vy c
l v h khng th chu ng ni khi thy phn ng ca ngi nghe khi h b
ni lp. Thi ny s gy ra kh khn khi mun giao tip hiu qu vi ngi
khc.
9) Xu hng ng bt ng:
Ngi ni lp c th qu s ni lp n ni h kh m dng ngn ng c ch
khi ni chuyn.
10) Ni nh:
Nhiu ngi ni lp ni nh v h khng mun qu nhiu ngi nghe h ni
khng tri chy.
11) Khuynh hng chng li s thay i:
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Stuttering Therapy
Comprehensive
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V phng din thc, r rng hu ht ngi ni lp u c ao h c th ni

tri chy. Nhng khuynh hng chng li s thay i l bn tnh c hu ca con
ngi. Mt ngi ni lp bit rng nu ngi y ni tri chy th d nhin l
ngi s ni nhiu hn v ho nhp vi x hi hn nhng tim thc ca ngi
c th ngh rng ngi khng th lm c iu . Do , tim thc s chng
li s thay i v ph hng mi n lc ni tri chy.
By gi bn bt u hiu c khi nim ni lp khng ch n thun l vn
v li ni. N l vn lin quan n ton b thn th v tm tr. Ni lp nh
hng n con ngi v mi mt, bao gm mi cch c x, xc cm, tnh cm
v nhn thc.
Mt liu php m ch tp trung vo gii quyt vic ni khng lu lot chc chn
s tht bi. Ch c cch tip cn ton din v chnh th bao gm cch c x,
nhn thc v tnh cm gn lin vi tt ni lp th mi c th thnh cng.
Chng tip theo s m t s cng c ca h thng Valsalva s ngn tr vic ni
nh th no. Trong chng 3, chng ta s thy cc yu t khc nhau trong Tng
Bng Tri Ni Lp tng tc v h tr nhau ra sao.
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Comprehensive
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Bi tp 2: Th lng Trc Trng Ca Bn

Nh gii thch t trc, ni lp l do chng ta to ra hiu ng Valsalva
ng khi ni. Trong qu trnh thc hin, cc c thanh qun ca chng ta b
cng ra v hi khng th lu thng c, dn n dy thanh m khng th pht
m c v chng ta b ni lp.
ngn hiu ng Valsalva xut hin trong khi ni, tht hu ch khi th lng c
thanh qun ca chng ta. Lm gin c thanh qun khng phi l vic d dng v
c qu nhiu c c lin quan n ni lm gin tt c chng l iu rt kh khn.
V sao ti cn th lng c trc trng?
Hiu ng Valsalva bao hm mt nhm c vn ng chung vi nhau: c thanh
qun, c ngc, c bng v c trc trng. Nu bn cng mt loi c, n s lm
cng tt c cc c trong nhm. Ngc li, nu bn lm gin mt loi c th tt
c nhng c cn li cng c xu hng gin theo.
Thay v lm gin c thanh qun, bn c th thy rng lm gin c trc trng v
ng thi s gin tc ng ln c s d hn nhiu. Vng, iu ny nghe
c v l lng nhng ng l nh vy. Cch d nht lm gin thanh qun ca
bn l tp trung s ch ca bn vo vic th lng trc trng.
Phng php th lng tim tin ca Jacobson
Ti ngh bn nn dng phng php th lng tim tin ca Jacobson lm
gin trc trng ca bn. tng c bn ng sau k thut th lng tim tin ca
Jacobson l trc ht lm cng dn mt c no ri sau th lng dn c y.
Bt u bng vic cng dn c trc trng ca bn. Hy cm gic cng dn
ca trc trng. C c trc trng cng cho n khi c co ti a.
Sau dn dn th lng c trc trng. Cng cm gic gin dn quanh vng
trc trng. Mt khi bn gin ht c, hy bt u lp li tin trnh ny. Cng dn
c trc trng. Nu c th, hy c gng co c thm mt cht so vi ln u. Sau
th lng c v c gng gin thm mt cht so vi ln trc.
Thc hin tin trnh ny nm, su ln. Hy trc trng ca bn c cng v
th lng th no. Hy lu s gin c ny s lan truyn ln bng, ngc v thanh
qun ca bn nh th no. Hy tp trung vo thanh qun v xem n c
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th lng v m ra th no. Cng hy lu s gin c y cng s truyn ln n

hm, ming, mi v li ca bn ra sao.
Hy lun thc hnh bi tp ny sut c ngy
Trong tt c nhng bi luyn tp c trong sch th bi tp ny l mt trong
nhng bi tp c hiu qu nht. Bn c th thc hnh bi tp ny bt c ni no
v bt c khi no v nn luyn tp n nhiu ln trong ngy.
Trc khi gp kh khn trong vn ni, ti ngh bn th lng trc trng v
chc rng n vn c th lng trong khi bn ni. Sau khi bn th lng trc
trng, hy tp trung ch vo cm gic th lng lan to n bng, ngc v n
c hng cng nh ming.
Hy m bo rng trc trng ca bn c th lng trc khi bn g ca phng
ca sp. Hy th lng trc trng ca bn ng khi bn xp hng ti ca tim
bnh hay ngn hng. C th theo kinh nghim ca qu kh, bn nhn thy
hng xp cng di v i cng lu th bn cng lo lng v cng d b ni lp.
Tnh th s o ngc nu bn thc tp k thut th lng ny: hng xp cng
di, thi gian i cng lu, bn cng tp trung vo cm gic th gin ca trc
trng v cng t b ni lp hn.
Tham kho
PARRY, William D., Understanding & Controlling Stuttering, A Comprehensive New
Approach Based on the Valsalva Hypothesis. National Stuttering Association. 1992
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Bi tp 3: Th Bng Bng
Th Bng Bng khc vi Th Bng Ngc
V c bn, c hai cch th: hoc l dng c ngc hoc l dng c bng.
Cch th c tc dng th gin nht l dng c bng, c gi l th bng bng.
Khi bn th bng bng, bng ca bn chuyn ng ln xung. Bn c th kim
tra d dng liu bn c th bng bng hay khng bng cch nm trn ging v
t mt vt ln bng, nu bn th bng bng, bn s thy vt y chuyn ng
ln xung.
Th Bng Bng v Kim Sot h thng Valsalva
Vic thc hnh th bng bng s gip bn lm gin cc c lin quan n
nghim php Valsalva, ng thi cung cp lng hi cn thit cho thanh qun
pht m.
Bn nn khi u bng cch lm gin trc trng ca bn bng phng php th
lng tim tin ca Jacobson c m t trong bi luyn tp trc. Hy cm
nhn s th gin khp cc c bng, ngc, thanh qun, li v hm ca bn.
Sau hy ht vo bng cch t t phng bng ca bn ln. Hy ht su hn
mc bnh thng mt cht. ng gi li hi th ca bn; c nh nh th ra
bng cch lm gin c bng ca bn. Bn khng nn p hi ra ngoi nhng
ng hn l c khng kh thot ra t t qua thanh qun. Vic th kiu ny s
gip bn lm th gin h thng Valsalva, ng thi cung cp cho c quan pht
m ca bn mt lng hi cn thit. Khi bn ht th, hy chc rng trc trng
ca bn khng b tc. Hy cm nhn s thoi mi ca cc c trong c quan
Valsalva.
Bn cng c th thc hnh bi tp ny hu nh bt c khi no v bt c ni no
v nn thc hnh nhiu ln trong ngy. Bn nn luyn tp bi ny chung vi bi
tp trc (lm gin trc trng ca bn) trc khi bn n nhng trng hp bn
thy rng chng c v kh khn.
Tham kho
KEHOE, Thomas David, Overcoming Stuttering in 6 months, A Multifactorial Giude To
Speech Therapy. Casa Futura Technologies. 2002.
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Comprehensive
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Bi tp 4: Ch Gy Ra Hiu ng Valsalva Khi Khng Cn

Thit
Nh gii thch t trc, chng ta thng s dng hiu ng Valsalva khi
chng ta cn dng nhiu sc nh nng mt ci thng nng.
Trn tht t, chng ta cng thng gy ra hiu ng ny khi khng cn thit; nh
khi m ngn ko t hay m ca xe hi. Thm ch bn cng c th dng hiu
ng ny khi nht mt ci kp giy t di sn ln. D nhin, khng phi l
hiu ng Valsalva hon ton. Chng ta ch hi cng cc c trong h thng
Valsalva thi. Nhng du sao i na th iu ny cng khng c ch li.
Ti khuyn bn trong nhng ngy sp ti, bn nn ch hin tng l ny v
ch ng trnh gy ra hiu ng Valsalva tr phi n tht s cn thit. ch li ca
bi tp ny l gip bn c thi quen kim sot c vic s dng hiu ng
Valsalva v gi cc c trong h thng Valsalva lun c th gin. iu ny s
gip bn khc phc c tt ni lp.
Li xe
C phi bn thy rng bn c xu hng ni lp nhiu khi li xe hn l khi i b
thong th vi bn b hay ngi thoi mi trn gh x-pha khng?
Ti ngh rng y l do bn c xu hng dng hiu ng Valsalva khi nhn ga v
khi sang s (nu bn c xe hi li bng tay) v iu ny s nh hng n vic
ni chuyn ca bn.
Bn nn hiu rng li xe hi khng ging nh li xe p; khng cn thit phi
nhn mnh ln chn ga! Hiu ng Valsalva cng khng cn thit dng n b
tay li (tr phi bn ang li xe mi tm bnh m khng c thit b li bng
in). Hy thong th thi, bn ca ti i: xe hi lm ht mi cng vic nng
nhc cho bn ri!
Hoc c l cc c ca bn c xu hng cng v bn ang di p lc khi i
ng. Tht vy, li xe trn ng khng my d dng v no ca bn phi tp
trung vo con ng nu bn mun n c im cn n cch an ton.
Nhng khng c lut no bo vi bn rng khi no ca bn tp trung vo ng
i th cc c ca h thng Valsalva phi cng cht.
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Khi bn li xe, hy m bo rng h thng c Valsalva ca bn lun c th

gin. Hy th bng bng. Hy th lng cc c ca bn v c tp trung vo
ng i.
Ni v Li
Vi li v an ton khi li xe: khong mt phn ba tai nn xe hi l do ngi li
xe l ng gy ra. Nhiu th c th khin ngi ti x xao lng nh: bt i hay
b bng ct-xt vo my, nhn chm ng h tc , ni chuyn in thoi,
nghe i, sang s (v l do ny, xe hi li t ng th an ton hn) v cui cng
nhng khng km phn quan trng: ni chuyn vi nhng ngi khc trn xe.
R rng tht l mt ngh ht sc t hi khi ci nhau vi mt ngi no trn
xe khi bn ang cm li. Nu tht s bn cn phi ni chuyn trong khi li th
hy chc rng cu chuyn phi c ni dung t gy ra xc ng v cu chuyn
ch s dng mt phn nh cc t bo ca no. ng bt ngi cng i vi bn
phi gii thch cho bn hiu v thuyt tng i ca Einstein!
Tm thi lm gin on cu chuyn cng l tng hay khi:
-
bn sang ng
li xe qua cc giao l
vo ng cao tc
vt xe
cc ln xe ni nhau
bt c khi no bn gp nhng tnh hung c nguy c nguy him v i
hi s tp trung cao .
Vic c thi quen ngt qung cu chuyn trong nhng tnh hung trn cng l
mt bc i ng hng trong mu cu ni tri chy ca bn. Khi lm nh vy,
bn tht s s c thi quen kim sot c cuc tr chuyn.
Ngt li cu chuyn khng phi l vic kh. Nu bn ang ni th bn ch cn
ngng ni. Nu ngi khc ang ni th bn ch cn ni: i mt cht
Trong c hai trng hp, ngi cng i s hu nh thy bn ang bn nhn knh
chiu hu v xem ng nn lp tc hiu ra v sao bn mun ngi y tm
ngng cuc tr chuyn.
Tham kho
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Bi tp 5: Thay i Cch Thn Th Bn Phn ng Vi

Stress
Trong chng 2, chng ta thy con ngi phn ng vi stress theo nhiu cch
khc nhau v nhng ngi ni lp thuc v nhm thu s phn ng li vi
stress bng cch cng cc c ca c quan Valsalva. Cch phn ng c bit vi
stress ny c th l nguyn nhn chnh yu gy ra ni lp.
iu bn sp lm rt n gin: trong nhng tun l ti, hy lm gin c
Valsalva mt cch c thc mi khi bn chu p lc. Hy lm iu ny mi khi
bn cm thy cng thng thm ch khi bn khng buc phi ni. Hy dng
phng php th lng tim tin ca Jacobson. Hy cm nhn s th lng ca
cc c bng. Hy tn hng cm gic th gin lan ra n ngc, thanh qun v
ming ca bn. Hy th bng bng.
Nu bn ch tm lm gin c Valsalva mi khi bn b p lc, iu ny dn dn
s thnh phn x.
Ti chc rng bn s chu nhiu cng thng nh mi ngi trong th gii y
cng thng ny. Cht Adrenaline s c tit vo mu gy nn nhiu tc dng ph
kh chu. Nhng t ra s cng thng s khng lm nh hng n li ni ca
bn.
Hy tp trung vo ngi khc
Khi bn b p lc, c th bn c khuynh hng tp trung suy ngh vo cm gic
bn chn trong d gy ra khi c Valsalva b cng. Thng thng, bn c xu
hng tp trung vo nhng g din ra trong tm tr v thn th bn. Khi lm nh
vy, bn dn dn khng cn ch n nhng ngi xung quanh v iu ny
lm tng cm gic kh chu v s khin cuc i thoi tr nn kh khn.
Bn nn thay i cch c x ny. Khi b p lc, hy c gng tp trung vo
nhng ngi xung quanh. Nu bn vn ch n h, bn s cm thy d chu
hn v p lc bn trong bn s gim dn. Bn s ci m hn i vi th gii
bn ngoi v d dng giao tip hn.
Tham kho
FRASER Malcom, Self-therapy for the stutterer, Stuttering Foundation, 2002
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SCHWARTZ, Dr Martin F., Stutter no more, www.stuttering.com. 1991
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Bi tp 6: Thay i Cch Bn Hiu V Li Ni
Trng chng 2, chng ti gi rng mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy ra

hiu ng Valsalva trong khi ni l chng ta nhn thy li ni nh mt vt th
no kh khn lm mi tng ra khi c hng. Chng ta nhm ln khi cho rng
cn phi dng lc bt ra li ni. Trong qu trnh i tiu, chng ta thnh cng
trong vic dng hiu ng Valsalva v chng ta ngh rng chng ta cng c th
dng cng mt th thut nh vy cho li ni.
Bn nn nhn thy rng li ni khng phi l th g nng n. Li ni l s
kt hp gia s pht m cch nh nhng ca mi v li, s rung ca dy thanh
qun v lung kh thot ra d dng t phi. Qu trnh to thnh li ni khng
my kh khn. V c bn, li ni l th phi vt cht.
Hy ngh v iu ny khi bn ni v hy thay i cch bn hiu v li ni.
Nu bn thy bn sp sa ni lp th hy km li, ng rng ni. Tuy nhin, nu
hin tng ni lp xut hin, hy ngng li ngay lp tc, th gin cc c
Valsalva v sau hy tip tc ni.
Tham kho
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Phillip J. Roberts
Bi tp 7: Pht m
Nguyn m, Ph m Hu Thanh v Ph m V Thanh
Trc khi bt u bi tp ny, ti ngh trc ht nn gii thch s khc nhau
gia nguyn m, ph m hu thanh v ph m v thanh.
C l bn bit nguyn m l g. Nguyn m l m hu thanh nh a, e, i, o, u.
Trong nhiu t, y cng c pht m nh mt nguyn m.
Hy t tay trn thanh qun ca bn v hy pht m r nhng nguyn m sau:
aaaaa-eeeee-ooooo-uuuuu. Hu nh bn s thy c s rung lin tc trong thanh
qun ca bn. m hu thanh c m t chnh xc l do s rung ng ca
thanh qun.
Chc chn rng bn cng bit ph m l g. Tht t c hai loi ph m: ph m
hu thanh v ph m v thanh. Di y, bn s thy bng lit k ph m hu
thanh v ph m v thanh trong ting Anh:
Ph m hu thanh:
b
d
g
j
l
m
n
r
th
(nh trong t this)
v
w
x
(c pht m l gz nh trong t exist)
y
z
Ph m v thanh:
c cng
c mm
f
(nh trong t cat)

(nh trong t cipher)
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h
k
p
ph
q
s
t
th
x
Comprehensive
Phillip J. Roberts
(nh trong t thank)

(c pht m l ks nh trong t excited)
S khc nhau gia ph m v thanh v ph m hu thanh l: dy thanh qun

ngng rung khi ph m v thanh c pht ra, trong khi chng c tip tc rung
khi c ph m hu thanh.
Hy n ngn tay bn vo thanh qun v c nhng m sau:
aaaaaabaaaaaaa.
(ch a c pht m nh trong t cat)
Bn s thy thanh qun ca bn hu nh lun rung. By gi, hy gi tay
bn thanh qun v c nhng m sau:
aaaaaapaaaaaa
Bn s thy thanh qun ca bn ngng rung mt cht trong khi bn pht m p.
Bn c th th kt hp nguyn m vi ph m v thanh hoc hu thanh th bn
s thy thanh qun ca bn c rung khi ph m hu thanh c pht ra v n s
ngng rung khi ph m v thanh c pht.
Hu ht ph m v thanh u c ph m hu thanh tng ng. Nhng ph m
hu thanh tng ng c pht m ng mt cch pht m nh ph m v
thanh. V d, m p v b u cng c pht m nh nhau ch khc l dy thanh
qun s rung khi m b c c cn i vi m p th khng. Bn s thy s
tng ng gia ph m hu thanh v ph m v thanh sau y:
Ph m v thanh:
c cng (nh trong t cat)
c mm (nh trong t cipher)
ch
f
h
Ph m hu thanh:
g cng (nh trong t guy)
z
j
v
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k
p
ph
q
s
sh
t
th (nh trong t thank)
x (c pht m l ks
nh trong t excited)
Comprehensive
Phillip J. Roberts

b
v
z
j
d
th (nh trong t this)
x (c pht m l gz
nh trong t exist)
Ghi ch: h khng c ph m hu thanh tng ng

Luyn tp pht m
By gi khi bn bit nguyn m, ph m hu thanh v ph m v thanh l g,
bn s thc hnh vi bi tp luyn pht m.
Trc ht hy th lng trc trng ca bn. Sau , nhm mt li v th bng
bng vi ln.
Khi no h thng Valsalva ca bn hon ton c th gin, hy ht vo v
bt u th ra t t ri ngay sau pht m a. Quan trng l bn phi th ra
khong 1 hoc 2 giy trc khi pht m a bo m c s khi u trn tru.
Hy pht m a m khng cn dng lc. Hy khng kh thot ra l phi ca
bn cch d dng. Hy cm nhn s rung ng ca dy thanh qun lan ra khp
thn th. Hy cm nhn trng thi th gin ca h thng Valsalva. Hy ngh v
nhng phng trnh sau khi bn th:
H thng Valsalva c th gin = s pht m = ni tri chy
H thng Valsalva b cng = thanh qun ng = ni lp
Gi y bn hiu tm quan trng ca nhng bi tp pht m ny: s lu lot,
s pht m v h thng Valsalva hot ng chung vi nhau. Bng cch tp trung
vo s pht m, bn s lm h thng Valsalva th gin hn v gia tng kh nng
ni tri chy.
Hy ht vo mt ln na v sau hy bt u nh nhng th ra. Ri hy pht
m: aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.
Hy lm li bi tp ny vi nhng ph m hu thanh khc: d, g, j, m, n, r, v, w,
x, y, z.
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Tham kho
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Bi tp 8: Ly Hi v Ni Chm
K thut Ly Hi v Ni Chm c nhiu ngi ni lp dng cch bc pht
khc phc tt ni lp v c Tin s Martin F. Schwartz m t chi tit trn
trang web ca Trung Tm Ni Lp Quc Gia (The National Center for
Stuttering) (www.stuttering.com). Chng ny cung cp nhng thng tin cn
bn bn cn p dng thnh cng k thut ny v ti khuyn bn nn gh
thm trang web www.stuttering.com nu bn mun bit chi tit hn.
Hy th ra mt cht trc khi bn ni
Trong bi luyn tp s 3 (Th Bng Bng), bn hc lm th no th bng
bng ri. Th bng bng s gip bn th gin h thng Valsalva v do tng
kh nng ni tri chy. H thng Valsalva s c th gin ti a khi bn th ra.
Khi bn th, thanh qun v dy thanh qun s hon ton c th gin. trong
tnh trng th gin nh th, bn hu nh kh m ni lp.
Mt cch hu hiu trnh ni lp l th ra mt cht trc khi ni. Khi th nh
th, bn s lm th gin thanh qun v h thng Valsalva v tnh trng th gin
ny s c duy tr trong khi bn ni. Nu th thut ny c thc hin ng,
bn s hu nh ni tri chy hon ton.
Cn sing nng thc hin nhng bc sau y:
1. Th bng bng
2. ng nn th. Hy h ming ra v hy bt u th ngay khi bn ht y hi
vo.
3. Th ra tng cht mt m khng p khng kh ra ngoi. Hy m bo rng
bn khng tng khng kh thot ra t phi v iu ny c th gy hiu ng
Valsalva. Hy bnh tnh m th. Li thng gp l chng ta thng t li
v mi pht m ngay m tit u tin ca cu. Bn nn th ra mt cht nh
th bn s khng ni g c. Th thut ny nhm nh la h thng Valsalva
bi v bn khin n tin rng bn ch ang th ch khng phi sp sa ni.
4. Hy khi s ni chm ri. Khng nn lm ngt qung lung khng kh
trc khi bn bt u ni. m tit u tin nn c pht ra cch nh nhng
v khng qu ln. Bn c th tng dn m lng nu bn mun ni ln. iu
ny cng quan trng nh vic bn pht m t u tin ht sc nh nhng.
Cch tt nht pht m chm ri t u tin l ko di m tit u tin.
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5. Hy chc rng bn khng ni qu nhanh v nh th n s gy ra hin tng

ni lp. Nu bn c xu hng ni qu nhanh, hy t t ni ko di cc m
tit. iu ny s lm cho bi ni chuyn ca bn chm li. Vic ko di m
tit s nhn mnh vo trng m v iu ny s lm gia tng kh nng ni tri
chy.
Thc hnh
K thut ny kh n gin nhng cn thc hnh nhiu. N s khng tn nhiu
thi gian trc khi bn c th lm ch n khi luyn tp nh nhng s tht
khng d dng khi bn ra ngoi v ni trong mt mi trng y p lc. Trc
khi bn thnh tho vi k thut Ly Hi v Ni Chm ny, bn nn lm mt
vi bi tp sau y.
Ly hi
Trc ht bn lm th gin trc trng bng Phng Php Th Gin Tim tin
ca Jacobson.
Sau bn th bng bng vi ln. Hy c lun h ming. Mt khi bn ht hi
vo ri th ng nn th m hy th ngay ra. Hy m bo rng bn khng p
hi ra ngoi. Hy lung kh nh nhng thot ra t phi.
Khi bn th, hy lng nghe m thanh va nghe c pht ra bi lung kh
nh nhng v d dng thot ra t phi. Hy nh lun gi ming m rng trong
khi th. Thc hnh iu ny vi ln v mi ln bn hy cm gic khng kh
c thot ra dn t phi ca bn.
Vic ht hi vo nh nhng tng i c thc hin d dng khi bn ngi thoi
mi nh. C l n s khng d thc hin nh th khi bn s lm hay trong
lp hc. y l l do v sao ti nhn mnh rng bn nn dnh thi gian luyn
tp ht th th gin bng bng nh. Hy thong th v lm quen vi cm gic
y v hy lng nghe m thanh pht ra do lung hi nh nhng thot ra t phi.
iu ny s gip bn ht th d dng trong bt k tnh hung no.
Ni chm
Hy ht hi vo v nh nhng th ra vi giy trc khi bn t t pht ra m
aaaaaaaaaaaa (mt ln na, c m a nh trong t cat). Thc hin iu ny
nhiu ln. Hy chc chn rng bn th ra nh nhng m khng p hi ra
ngoi trc khi pht ra m aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.
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Hy chc rng bn khng nn th trc khi bn bt u th ra v khng ngng

vic th trc khi bn pht m aaaaaaaaaaaa. Hy bt u pht m aaaaaaaaaaa
nh v sau ln dn. m m bn pht ra phi nghe ging nh sau:
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaa
.Aaaaaaaaa
(Nhng du chm . tng trng cho khng kh bn th ra trc khi bn pht

m aaaaaa.)
Hy thc hnh bi tp ny nhiu ln cho n khi bn nm vng k thut ny
cch d dng. Nhiu ngi nhanh chng nm c k thut ny trong khi nhng
ngi khc c th mt vi ngy. C thong th v m bo rng bn s cn thn
lm theo mi nguyn tc trong k thut Ly Hi v Ni Chm ny.
Ly hi v ni chm trc khi ni tng t ring l
Mt khi bn lm ch c k thut ly hi v ni chm trc khi pht ra m
aaaaaaaaa, bn s luyn tp k thut ny i vi nhng t ring l. Hy chn ly
vi vn bn v chn ngu nhin vi t.
C t t luyn tp cho n khi bn tr nn thnh thc.
Ly hi v ni chm trc khi ni tng cm t v cu ngn
Mt khi bn lm ch hon ton k thut ny vi t n, bn c th luyn tp
n vi nhng cm t ngn v sau tin n nhng cu ngn.
Hy ch c mi ln mt cm t hoc mt cu ring bit. Hy m bo rng bn
chm ch lm theo k thut ny. C thong th. Cht lng hn s lng.
Ti ngh bn nn thc hnh k thut ny mi ngy hai ln, mi ln na gi
trong vi ngy cho n khi vic ly hi v ni tr nn t nhin i vi bn.
Hy thng xuyn luyn tp c ngy
Bt c khi no bn c thi gian rnh ri trong ngy th hy chc rng bn s ht
th bng bng v luyn tp pht m. Nu bn tm thy mt ni m khng ai c
th nghe bn, bn c th to ging luyn tp k thut ly hi v ni chm vi
nhng cm t v cu ngn. Nu bn khng th tm thy ni no nh th, bn c
th luyn tp ni thm cc cu ny.
Tham kho
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RENTSCHLER, Gary J.. http://www-home.er.duq.edu/~rentschler/index.html. Duquesnr
University. 2002
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Bi tp 9: Pht m Hu Thanh
Bi tp s 7 (Pht m!) dy cho bn nhng iu c bn v pht m v tm
quan trng ca n trong vic khc phc tt ni lp, gi y chng ta s lm mt
bi tp m bn c th cm thy ban u n hi phc tp mt cht: Bn s c
ln mt ti liu vit no nh mt quyn sch hay mt t bo v bn s thay
nhng ph m v thanh bng nhng ph m hu thanh tng ng. Nh c
cp trc, h khng c phn m hu thanh tng ng nn bn ch n gin
khng c m h mi khi bn gp n.
Umbdy Dumbdy Zad on a Wall
Gi s rng bn s quyt nh dng vi iu ht ru no nh l ti liu luyn
tp pht m v thanh. Bn c nh bi ht ru Humpty Dumpty khng?
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall.
Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.
All the kings horse,
and all the kings men,
couldnt put Humpty together again.
y l cch bi ht ru Humpty Dumpty ti nghip, ng thng ny s c
c khi bn thay tt c ph m v thanh bng ph m hu thanh tng ng.
Umbdy Dumbdy zat on a wall.
Umbdy Dumbdy ad a great vall.
All the gingz orze,
And all the gingz men,
Gouldnd bud Umbdy dogether again.
Nu bn c th ni nh th sut, bn s khng bao gi b ni lp. Khng may
thay, n nghe c v khng c t nhin my v ti ng rng chng ai hiu
c bn mun ni g nu bn ni cch l i nh th. Tuy nhin, nu bn luyn
tp pht m hu thanh thng xuyn, bn s lun c xu hng pht m nh
nhng, ngay c khi ni nhng m v thanh. Bn s t m lin tc trong khi ni.
Pht m lin tc kiu ny kh m nghe c nhng gia tng ng k kh
nng ni tri chy ca bn.
tp trung hn na vo vic pht m, bn c th pht ra m aaaaaa trc khi
bn bt u tng cu hay mt phn ca cu. Ko di m tit u tin s gip bn
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tp trung vo vic pht m. Bi ht ru humpty Dumpty by gi s c pht m

nh sau:
aaaaaaaaaa Uuumbdy Dumbdy zat on a wall.
aaaaaaaaaa Uuumbdy Dumbdy ad a great vall.
aaaaaaaaaa Aaall the gingz orze,
aaaaaaaaaa Aaand all the gingz men,
aaaaaaaaaa Gouuuldnd bud Umbdy dogether again.
C tip tc luyn tp kiu pht m hu thanh ny cho n khi bn thnh thc k
thut y cch d dng. Hy chc chn rng h thng Valsalva ca bn vn trong
tnh trng th gin khi bn ni.
Thot u, li pht m hu thanh s khin bn cng thng mt cht v bn phi
tm trung suy ngh v vic thay th nhng ph m v thanh bng nhng ph m
hu thanh tng ng. V th, bn s thy tht kh khn lm th gin h
thng Valsalva v pht m cng mt lc. Tuy nhin, sau khi luyn tp vi ln,
bn c th ni d dng vi kiu ni khc thng ny.
ng lo lng nu bn qun khng thay vi ph m v thanh bng nhng ph m
hu thanh tng ng ca chng. C luyn tp v bn s thy bn t b qua vic
qun thay th ny hn.
Nu sau khi bn luyn tp cc lc, li pht m hu thanh vn khin bn cm
thy cng thng th xin ng lo lng. Bn c th qun i li pht m kiu ny.
Ch n gin c cch bnh thng cc ti liu vit v ch trng vo pht m
cng s th gin ca c quan Valsalva khi bn ni. Hy ch trng vo nguyn
m v ng n ph m.
Hy ko di m tit u tin ca nhng t bn s khi ni
Nh gii thch t trc, pht m l kt qu ca vic lm th gin h thng
Valsalva. Bng cch ko di m tit u tin ca nhng t bn s, bn s nhn
mnh vo s pht m v iu ny gip bn ngn chn nhng tc nhn gy ra ni
lp trong nhng t ny. Nu bn thy t no c bit kh khn i vi bn
th bn c th ko di tng m tit trong t ng s .
Khi lm nh vy, bn khng th hon ton trnh vic ni lp nhng t ra bn
cng ni lp kh thoi mi hn. K thut ny tht s c bit n nh l
Cch Ni Lp Thoi Mi. Vic ni lp ca bn tr nn t cng thng v thy
th thi hn. Ngi nghe hu nh bit rng bn ang gp kh khn nhng t
nht bn cng c th ni thnh li vi t cng thng v n lc. C th vic ko
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di m tit khin li ni ca bn nghe khng c t nhin nhng bn v thnh

gi ca bn hu nh thy rng tnh hung ny d kim sot hn l ni lp.
Qua vic luyn tp k thut pht m hu thanh ny, bn dn s ly li t tin
ni. Bn s cm thy th gin hn v t c khuynh hng phi dng n k
thut ko di m tit trn.
Tham kho
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Bi tp 10: K thut Demosthenes

C l bn tng nghe v Demothenes, mt nh hng bin ngi Hy Lp
thnh cng trong vic loi b tt ni lp ca mnh bng cch ni tht to trn bi
bin, to hn c ting sng v. Chng ta s xy dng k thut Demothenes da
trn k thut c xa c Demothenes khai trin hn 2.300 nm trc cng kt
hp vi k thut Ly Hi v Khi ng, Phng Php Th Gin Tim Tin
ca Jacobson v k thut ht th bng bng.
Tt c u nm trong b no
Hu nh mi th bn lm iu do no b iu khin. iu ny c bit ng vi
hin tng ni lp. Nu bn nhn vo Tng Bng Tri Ni Lp, bn s thy rng
Tnh Cm, S Nhn Thc, Cm Xc, Khuynh Hng Chng Thay i v
nhng cch hnh x nh Km Nn Khng Ni, S Hi Khi Ni Chuyn
Trong Nhng Tnh Hung c Bit', K Thut Ni Trnh, Dng Nhng T
V Ngha u nm trong no. Cc c ca h thng Valsalva c no ca bn
iu khin. Cc c thanh qun, li v mi c dng ni tri chy cng
c no iu khin.
Khi bn ni lu lot, iu c ngha b no ca bn ang gi i nhng tn
hiu chnh xc lm th gin cc c trong h thng Valsalva v lm cng va
phi cc c trong c quan pht m nh li, mi Khi bn ni lp, y l do
no ca bn v l do no truyn i nhng tn hiu sai lm. No ca bn
ang bo vi cc c trong h thng Valsalva l hy cng tht cht.
Tn hiu m b no ca bn truyn n cc c thng c gi i theo nhng
ng truyn nht nh trong h thng no b v thn kinh. Mc tiu ca bi
tp ny l gia c nhng ng truyn mang tn hiu ng n. Khi y nhng
ng truyn ny s tr thnh nhng i l siu tc. Nhng ngc li, chng s
ging nh nhng con ng bn thu nu chng mang theo nhng tn hiu sai
lm (y l lc chng ta gy ra hiu ng Valsalva khi ni). Qua bi tp ny, b
no ca bn s d sn sinh ra nhng tn hiu ng n hn l nhng tn hiu sai
lm.
Nu bn mun thng cuc trong Th Vn Hi, bn phi luyn tp cc lc.
Tng t, bn phi luyn tp kh cc vi c quan pht m nu nh bn mun
ni tri chy. Cn dng sc khc su vo no v to nn nhng ng
truyn rng ri trong h thng no b v thn kinh ca bn.
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Trong bi tp ny, bn s c hng dn ni to tng m v tng t. Bn

c yu cu ni to ht sc c th. Cng to cng tt.
c thm
S gii thch trn c v nh n gin qu. Nu bn mun c chi tit hn v
k thut Demonthenes, bn c th tham kho cc sch v trang web c nu
phn cui chng ny. Chng cho bn nhng li gii thch chi tit cng nh cc
cch tip cn phng php cha tr da trn nhng nguyn tc m Demothenes
khai trin.
iu kin tin quyt
Trc khi bn bt u bi tp ny, ti c cho rng bn thnh cng trong vic
ni tri chy khi thc hnh bi tp s 8 (Ly Hi v Ni Chm). Chuyn bn
vn cn ni lp khi trong cng s, trn ng ph hay thm ch ni chuyn
vi nhng ngi thn nh l hon ton bnh thng. Nhng bn c th ni lu
lot khi mt mnh thc hnh bi tp Ly Hi v Ni Chm nh. Hin nhin,
mc ch ca bi tp s 10 ny khng phi l hon ton ht ni lp! N ch gip
bn trnh gia tng xu hng khin no ca bn gy ra hiu ng Valsalva trong
khi ni bng mi gi.
Nu bn gp kh khn trong vic ni tri chy khi thc hnh bi tp Ly Hi
v Ni Chm, ti thnh tht khuyn bn nn tm s gip ca mt chuyn
vin t vn v ging ni. Chuyn vin ny s ch cho bn cch lm th no
ni tri chy trong trng thi th gin s lm hay th thi mt mnh nh.
Ch
Trong bi tp ny, bn c yu cu phi ni to tng m v tng t ht mc c
th nhng ng qu sc. Hy cn thn khng lm cng dy thanh qun qu.
Nu bn b cm hay b vim hng, bn nn lm bi tp ny vo hm khc.
Trong lc , bn c th lm qua lot bi tp th hai (thay i cch c x ca
bn) v quay li vi bi tp ny ngay khi c hng bn n.
Xin lu rng nhng bi tp ny s khin bn kit sc. i khi, bn c th cm
thy chong vng v nhng m m bn ly ht sc pht ra nghe khng my d
chu cho lm. Nu bn cm thy mt, hy ngng li vi pht, ht th bng bng
v sau hy tip tc.
Trong khi bn thc hnh nhng bi tp d gy kit sc ny, bn nn ngh v bn
nh l mt vn ng vin ang c hun luyn cho Th Vn Hi. Vic hun
luyn ny tht khc nghit; mt vn ng vin in kinh phi rn luyn cc kh
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Stuttering Therapy
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Phillip J. Roberts
nhiu gi trong ngy. Ngi y m hi v cm thy au chn. Hn l

ngi thch li xe v nh tm ra cho tnh to ri xem tivi hn l c tip tc tp
luyn nhiu gi ch vi mt mc tiu trong u: huy chng vng.
Luyn tp
Bi tp ny kh di v s khin bn phi bn rn ng hai tun l. Mi ngy,
bn ch phi tp trung mt phn no trong k thut ny m thi:
Ngy th 1: Nguyn m
Ngy th 2: Nhng ph m c th c ko di
Ngy th 3: Nhng ph m c th c ko di v Nguyn m
Ngy th 4: Nhng ph m khng th c ko di
Ngy th 5: Nhng ph m khng th c ko di v Nguyn m
Ngy th 6: T n m tit bt u bng mt nguyn m
Ngy th 7: T n m tit bt u bng mt ph m c th c ko di
Ngy th 8: c ko di c ph m v nguyn m
Ngy th 9: T n m tit bt u bng mt ph m khng th c ko di
Ngy th 10: T a m tit bt u bng nguyn m
Ngy th 11: T a m tit bt u bng mt ph m c th c ko di
Ngy th 12: T a m tit bt u bng mt ph m khng th c ko di
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Phillip J. Roberts
Ngy th 13: Chn ngu nhin t no trong sch

Ngy th 14: Nhng t ng s
Mi bi tp hng ngy nn thc hin hai ln: mt ln vo bui sng v mt ln
vo bui ti. Bn nn dnh hai ting ng h mi ngy luyn tp k thut
ny: mt ting vo bui sng v mt ting vo bui chiu.
iu ny c v nh rt kht khe nhng bn ch phi thc hin trong hai tun.
Sau bn c hng dn luyn tp t hn: na ting vo mi bui sng v
na ting vo mi bui chiu.
Bn cn c mt ni trong nh, l ni bn c th luyn tp thoi mi m khng b
lm phin. Nu cn thit, bn nn gii thch cho nhng thnh vin khc trong
gia nh v vic khng b quy ry trong vng mt gi hoc hn na l quan
trng th no i vi bn. Ngoi ra, nhng bi tp ny kh n o nn bn cn
gii thch cho gia nh ca bn iu bn ang lm v ti sao bn phi lm nh
vy. Bn s thy rng xe hi l mt trong nhng ni thun tin nht luyn tp
nhng bi ny. Gh xe hi thng kh m i v bn c th la to mc sc bn
mun m khng s lm phin mi ngi.
Ngy th 1: Nguyn m
Nh thng l, bn s bt u bng vic lm th gin trc trng ca bn bng
phng php tim tin ca Jacobson. Sau bn s nhm mt li v ht th
bng bng mt hoc hai pht.
Ri bn s khi ng nh nhng v pht ra m aaaaaaaaaaaaaa (nh trong t
cat) m khng cn ni to:
. aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
a
Lm nh th nm ln. ng qun ht th bng bng v th ra mt cht trc

khi pht ra m aaaaaaaaa. Nhng du chm . tng trng cho lung hi thot
ra trc khi bn pht ra m aaaaaaaaaaa.
Sau khi ng nh nhng pht ra m a tng t nhng ln ny tng dn m
lng cho n khi bn bt ra m aaaaaaaaaaaa tht to:
aaa
. aaaaaaaaaaaa
a
aaaaa
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Phillip J. Roberts
Lm nh th nm ln v sau cng pht m aaaaaaaa nhng ln ny khng

cn m u t t m la tht to:
aaaaaaaaaa
.....
Cng lm nh th nm ln.
Bn cng luyn tp theo kiu nh trn nhng vi nhng nguyn m khc:
Nguyn m
a
an
e
e
e
i
i
o
o
oo
u
u
u
Pht m
ape
sand
sheep
let
earth
night
ship
rope
got
moon
cut
cute
put
Bn nn pht ra tng nguyn m:

- nm ln vi khi ng nh nhng v khng cn ln ting
- nm ln vi khi ng nh nhng v ni to dn ln
- nm ln khng cn khi ng nh nhng m ni tht to
Hy thong th, cht lng hn s lng. C luyn tp ht danh sch cc m ny
nhiu ln. Bn nn dnh khong mt ting ng h thc hnh bi tp ny.
Ngy th 2: Nhng ph m c th c ko di c
Bn s thc hnh bi tp tng t nh trn vi ph m.
Bn s bt u vi m z. Lm nh vi nguyn m, bn s bt u bng vic t
t c ko di m zzzzzzzzzzzzzzz nhng khng cn ni to. ng qun th ra
mt cht trc khi c ko di m zzzzzzzzzzz.
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Phillip J. Roberts
. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
z
Pht m z ny nm ln v sau lp li nhng tng dn m lng sau khi khi

ng nh nhng.
zz
. zzzzzzzzzzzz
z
zzzzz
Lm nh th nm ln ri pht tht to m ny nhng khng cn khi ng nh

nhng:
zzzzzzzzzzz
Sau bn lm tng t vi nhng ph m sau:

Ph m
Pht m
ch
f
h
j
l
m
n
r
s
sh
th
v
w
y
check
fake
hen
jet
let
me
no
rabbit
snake
shake
then
valentine
wash
yawn
Bn nn pht ra tng ph m:
- nm ln vi khi ng nh nhng v nh ging
- nm ln vi khi ng nh nhng v to dn
- nm ln khng cn khi ng nh nhng m ni tht to
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Phillip J. Roberts
Mt ln na, cht lng hn s lng nn bn c thong th. C luyn tp ht

danh sch trn vi ln cho n ht mt ting ng h.
Ngy th 3: Nhng ph m c th c ko di v Nguyn m
Chng ta s luyn tp tng t nh bi tp ca ngy th 2 nhng ln ny
nguyn m aaaaaaaaaaaa s theo sau nhng ph m c th ko di c. Hy
xem qu trnh ny nh th no vi ch ci zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz:
Nm ln ni nh vi khi ng nh nhng:
. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzaaaaaaaaaaaaa
z
Sau luyn tp nm ln vi khi ng nh nhng v ni to dn:
zz
. zzzzzzzzzzzz
z
zzzaaa
V cui cng ni to nm ln m khng cn bt u nh nhng:
zzzzzzaaaaaa
Luyn tp tng t vi nhng ph m khc: ch, f, h, j, m, n, r, s, sh, th, v, w v

y. Thc hin ht danh sch ny vi ln. Nu bn mun lm bi tp ny thm
phn hng th, bn c th thay m aaaaaaaa bng nhng nguyn m khc.
Ngy th 4: Nhng ph m khng th c ko di c
C th bn rng chng ta b qua mt vi ph m trong ngy th 2 v 3.
S tht l nhng m ny khng th c ko di ra c. By gi chng ta s
luyn tp vi nhng ph m khng th c ko di c ny.
Chng ta s bt u vi ph m p. Trc ht chng ta s ni nh m p (puh)
nm ln. p dng k thut ly hi nhng khng cn khi ng nh nhng. K
thut to ban u khng cn thit y v ph m ny khng th c ko di.
N s c pht m nh sau:
..p..
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Phillip J. Roberts
(Nhng du chm . sau ch p tng trng cho lung hi tip tc thot ra t

phi sau khi m p c pht ra.)
Sau bn cng s pht m y tht mnh nm ln. Mt ln na bn hy dng
k thut ly hi nhng khng cn khi ng nh nhng.
..
Bn cng luyn tp tng t vi nhng ph m khng th c ko di c:

Ph m
Pht m
b
c
d
g
p
t
board
cup
dot
goat
peacock
top
Bn s pht m tng ph m:
- nm ln m khng cn dng nhiu sc
- nm ln dng ht sc
Mi ln pht m, bn nn s dng k thut ly hi nhng khng cn k thut
khi ng nh nhng. Hy luyn tp nhiu ln vi danh sch cc ph m trn.
Ngy th 5: Nhng ph m khng th c ko di v Nguyn m
Bn cng thc hnh tng t nh ngy th 4, nhng ln ny m aaaaaaaaaaaa
s c pht sau nhng ph m ny. Hy xem cch pht m ny nh th no vi
ph m p.
Hy luyn tp nm ln m khng dng nhiu sc. Dng k thut ly hi nhng
khng dng k thut khi ng:
.paaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
By gi hy lm nm ln nhng dng k thut khi ng vi nguyn m v
tng dn m lng ln:
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Stuttering Therapy
.paaaaaaa
aa
Comprehensive
Phillip J. Roberts
aaaaaa
By gi hy thc hnh nm ln nhng dng ht sc:
paaaaaaaaa
Sau bn hy lm tng t vi nhng ph m khng th c ko di khc: b,

c cng, d, g, p, v t.
Ngy th 6: Nhng t n m tit bt u bng mt nguyn m
Bn s thc tp k thut ny vi nhng t tht s. Bn s bt u vi nhng t
n m tit bt u bng mt nguyn m. Hy bt u thc hnh vi t use.
Ni nh t ny nm ln vi k thut khi ng:
. uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuse
u
Ri sau ni nm ln vi k thut khi ng v tng dn m lng ln:
uuuse
uu
. uuuuuuuuuuuu
Sau ni to nm ln khng cn khi ng nh nhng:
uuuuuuuuse
By gi bn cng hy luyn tp tng t vi nhng t sau:

ape
and
eer
ebb
aim
ant
eel
egg
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Stuttering Therapy
earth
Ill
it
or
odd
ooze
ump
you
Comprehensive
Phillip J. Roberts
earn
ice
ill
ohm
on
oomph
up
use
Ngy th 7: Nhng t n m tit bt u bng mt ph m c th c ko

di c
Bn s thc hnh tng t vi nhng t n m tit bt u bng mt ph m
c th c ko di c.
Ti ngh rng bn hnh dung ra c bi tp ny: bn ni nh nm ln vi k
thut khi ng, nm ln vi k thut khi ng nhng tng dn m lng ln
v nm ln dng sc ni to m khng cn khi ng:
. llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllet
l
llllllllllet
llllllllllllllet
. llllllllllll
l
ll
.....
By gi bn s luyn tp tng t vi nhng t bt u bng ph m c th c

ko di nh sau:
check
few
hen
Jack
lull
me
noon
red
sea
show
chow
fat
how
Jill
lap
meal
nine
rack
saw
shall
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Stuttering Therapy
they
vow
we
yes
zee
Comprehensive
Phillip J. Roberts
though
view
what
yawn
zen
Ngy th 8: c ko di c ph m v nguyn m
By gi bn s luyn tp ging nh ngy 7 nhng ko di c ph m u v
nguyn m sau n. Hy xem cch pht m ny ra sao vi t let:
. lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllleeeeeeeeeeeeeet
l
lllllleeeeeet
lllllllleeeeeeeet
. llllllllllll
l
ll
..
Ngy th 9: Nhng t n m tit bt u bng mt ph m khng th c

ko di c
Bn nn nh rng k thut khi ng nh nhng khng p dng vi nhng ph
m khng th c ko di c. Nhng bn c th p dng k thut ny vi
nhng nguyn m theo sau. Bn s ni nh t ny nm ln, nm ln khi ng
nh nhng vi nguyn m u tin v tng dn m lng ln ri cui cng c
to nm ln. Bn s bt u vi t bow:
.b ooooooooooooooooow
o
ooooow
boooooooow
oo
.b oooooooooooo
o
..
By gi bn hy luyn tp tng t vi lot t sau y:

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Stuttering Therapy
bean
cup
dot
go
pea
toe
bit
cat
dig
gone
pot
tit
Comprehensive
Phillip J. Roberts
bug
cut
dumb
GATT
pit
tat
boat
cute
dull
gut
Pat
top
bat
coat
debt
game
put
tall
Ngy th 10: Nhng t a m tit bt u bng mt nguyn m

Chng ta s bt u vi t icy. Bn s c ko di c hai nguyn m. Trc ht
bn c nh t ny nm ln vi k thut khi ng nh nhng:
. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiicyyyyyyyyyyy
i
Sau nm ln vi khi u nh nhng v tng dn m lng:
. iiiiiiiiiiii
i
ii
iicyyyyyy
V cui cng ni to nm ln m khng cn khi ng nh nhng:
iiiiiiicyyyyyy
Sau bn thc tp vi nhng t sau:

aiming
amen
easy
elephant
earnest
ivy
oldies
over
oozy
upper
unite
ugly
aging
apple
eager
elevator
earthling
idea
orient
order
oosphere
under
usual
unable
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Stuttering Therapy
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Phillip J. Roberts
Ngy th 11: Nhng t a m tit bt u bng mt ph m c th c ko

di c
Trong bi tp ny, bn khng ch ko di nguyn m v cn ko di c ph m
u tin. Bn s khi ng nh nhng v c nh mi t nm ln, sau li
khi ng nh nhng v ni to dn nm ln ri cui cng ni to nm ln m
khng cn khi ng nh nhng:
Hy bt u vi t zebra
. zzzzzzzzzzzzeeeeeeeeebraaaaaaaaa
z
zeeeebraaaa
zzzzzeeeeebraaaaa
zz
. zzzzzzzzzzzz
z
Sau bn s luyn tp vi nhng t sau:

cherry
follow
hollow
jettison
lollipop
myself
nobody
runaway
silent
shallow
theory
voluntary
yellow
water
zero
chewy
furrow
hello
jerky
lyric
mono
knowing
rally
salute
shabby
therefore
vacate
yatching
weekly
Ngy th 12: Nhng t a m tit bt u bng mt ph m khng th c

ko di c
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Stuttering Therapy
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Phillip J. Roberts
Ph m u tin khng th c ko di c nn bn ch c ko di cc
nguyn m. Chng ta s bt u vi t beacon v bn khi ng nh nhng
nguyn m u tin v c nh t ny nm ln, sau cng m u nh nhng
nguyn m u tin v c to dn ln nm ln ri cui cng c to nm ln
m khng cn khi ng nh nhng.
.beeeeaaaaaacooooon
acoooon
beeaacooon
.beeeeeaa
aa
Bn bit cch tin hnh tng t vi nhng t sau:

below
capable
direction
gracious
partition
tally
balloon
culprit
deter
grabbing
pinky
total
bulky
color
dodgy
getting
priceless
tasty
bacon
curry
duping
gambling
purely
toaster
Ngy th 13: Chn t ngu nhin trong sch

Bn s ly mt ti liu vit no nh quyn sch ny hay mt t bo v chn
vi t ngu nhin.
Sau , bn s c nhng t ny v c ko di nguyn m ca chng. Nu ch
ci u tin l mt ph m c th c ko di c th bn cng c ko di n
lun.
Bn s c nh mi t nm ln vi khi u nh nhng, sau c t nm
ln vi khi ng nh nhng v tng dn m lng ri cui cng c to nm ln
m khng cn khi u nh nhng.
Ngy th 14: Nhng t ng s
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Phillip J. Roberts
Bn vit ra danh sch nhng t bn thng xuyn b ni lp. Danh sch ny

thng bao gm c tn ca ngi ni lp nu h thng gp kh khn khi pht
m tn mnh.
Nu bn khng ngh ra t ng s no, bn nn gc bi tp ny sang bn
dnh hm khc. Lc , hy ly ra mt mnh giy v cy vit ch ri vit ra
tng t bn gp kh khn hay s phi gp n hay n gin bn tng thy kh
pht m chng trc y.
Bn s c nhng t ny theo cch c m t nh trong ngy th 13 nhng ln
ny thay v nm ln bn hy c mi ln. Nu bn thy kh khn qu trong
vic c mt t c bit no , hy c ko di tng ph m c th ko di
c bao gm c ph m ng gia hay nm cui t.
Tham kho
HARKNESS, Richard, Neuropatterning For Stutters: A Home Course In Programming Your
Brain For Fluent Speech, 1997
KEHOE, Thomas David, Speech Motor Repatterning for Stutters, Casa Futura Technologies,
http://www.casafuturatech.com/
STRYDOM,
Jan.
Stuttering:
Helping
Your
Youngster
Overcome
it,
http://www.audiblox2000.com/more06.htm
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Bi tp 11: Luyn Tp Mi Ngy
Nhng bi tp trc dy bn lm th no :
- th gin trc trng ca bn
- th bng bng
- dng k thut iu hi v khi u nh nhng
- pht m
- ni mt cch khc thng m chng ta gi l li pht m hu thanh
- dng sc cng c ng truyn thn kinh lm gia tng kh nng ni
tri chy
S th gin trc trng, ht th bng bng, k thut iu hi, khi u nh
nhng, pht m v li ni ton m hu thanh l nhng yu t then cht kim
sot Valsalva v tt ni lp. Chng ta s kt hp bn bi tp ny vo bi luyn
tp mi ngy ny. Nhng k thut c khai trin trong bi tp s 10 (K thut
Demothenes) cng s c cp n trong bi tp ny.
Bi tp bui sng v bui ti
Bn s thy c hai bi luyn tp mi ngy:
1) Bi tp bui sng c thc hin vo mi bui sng trc khi bn bt u
mt ngy mi.
2) Bi tp bui ti c thc hin vo mi bui ti trc khi bn dng cm
ti hay ln ging ng.
Bi tp bui sng ch trng vo vic lm th gin h thng Valsalva, s pht
m, k thut iu hi v khi u nh nhng. D nhin, bi tp ny s mang li
nhiu hiu qu ch li trong thi gian di nhng n ch t c mt mc ch
nht thi, v n c thit k c bit gip c quan pht m ca bn sn sng
ni lu lot sut c ngy.
Bi tp bui ti nhn mnh vo k thut Demothenes. Mc ch chnh yu ca
bi tp ny l cng c nhng ng truyn gia tng vic ni tri chy. N
nhm vo vic ci thin vic ni tri chy ca bn trong thi gian di.
D nhin l nu bn lm ca m, bn s thy thoi mi hn khi lm bi tp bui
sng vo bui ti trc khi bn i lm v lm bi tp bui ti vo bui sng khi
bn tr v nh.
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Phillip J. Roberts
Cng vy, nu ngi hng xm ca bn mi bn n d bui tic nng vo lc

8 gi ti, bn nn thc hnh bi tp tng t nh bi tp bui sng vo khong
6 gi ti. iu ny s m bo c quan pht m ca bn s chun b sn sng
ni lu lot vi ngi hng xm v nhng khch mi ca ngi y sut bui
tic.
Bi tp bui sng
1.
Th gin chung (1 pht)
Hy c ng chn tay, c mt, xoay c, h ming v c ng quai hm ca bn.

Nu c th, hy c ngp. iu ny hu nh l cch t nhin nht v hiu qu
nht lm th gin thn th ca bn.
2.
Th gin c trc trng (1 pht)
Th gin trc trng ca bn bng phng php th gin tim tin ca Jacobson.
Cng dn c trc trng ca bn ri sau gin dn ra. Lm nh th nm hay
su ln. ng qun cm nhn s th gin lan dn ln cc c khc trong h
thng c Valsalva.
3.
Th bng bng (1 pht)
Nhm mt v th bng bng nm hay su ln. Th vi ming h rng. Hy m

bo rng trc trng v thanh qun ca bn vn thng thong trong khi th. Hy
cm nhn cm gic th gin lan to khp h thng c Valsalva: bng, ngc,
thanh qun, li, hm v mi. Hy cm nhn lung hi thot ra t do qua thanh
qun ca bn. Bn nh khng c dng sc p khng kh ra ngoi. Bn nn
khng kh t phi thot ra t t v nh nhng.
4.
K thut Demothenes (8 pht)
Ly ra mt ti liu no v chn vi t ngu nhin. Nu bn c mt dach sch

cc t bn s phi ni th hy luyn tp vi n. Bn nn c mi t nm ln vi
khi u nh nhng v nh ging, nm ln tip theo vi khi u nh nhng
nhng tng dn m lng ln v cui cng ht sc c to nm ln m khng cn
khi u nh nhng.
Hy nh th bng bng v hi th thot ra mt cht trc khi c mt t.
Hy c ko di tt c cc nguyn m. Nu ph m u tin c th c ko di
c th hy c ko di lun ph m .
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Phillip J. Roberts
Th gin trc trng ca bn (1 pht)
(nh bc 2)
6.
Th bng bng (1 pht)
(nh bc 3)
7.
Pht m (3 pht)
Ht vo, th ra vi giy ri pht ra m aaaaaaaa vi khi u nh nhng. m

bo rng bn khng dng sc tng khng kh ra khi phi. Bn nn khng
kh t phi thot ra t do. t ngn tay ln c hng bn cm nhn s rung
ca dy thanh qun. Hy cm nhn s rung ny lan truyn khp cc c Valsalva.
Hy nh phng trnh sau:
H thng c Valsalva c th gin = pht m = ni tri chy
Sau ht vo mt ln na ri pht ra m aaaaaaaaaaaa. Lm li bi tp ny vi
nhng ph m hu thanh khc: d, g, j, m, n, r, v, w, x (gz), y v z.
8.
Kiu Ni Ton m Hu Thanh (7 pht)
By gi, hy ly mt ti liu c no v c ln ln bng cch thay nhng

ph m v thanh bng nhng ph m hu thanh tng ng. Nn nh phi ch
trng vo qu trnh pht m bng cch bt u mt cu hay mt phn ca cu
qua vic pht ra m aaaaaaaa v c ko di m tit u tin.
Hy m bo rng trc trng ca bn vn th gin v thng thong. Hy th
bng bng v trnh dng sc p khng kh ra t phi. Hy khng kh th
ng thot ra trc khi pht ra m aaaaaaaa.
Lu quan trng: Khi bn luyn tp kiu ni ny ln u tin, chuyn bn cm
thy hi cng thng l bnh thng. Sau khi luyn tp cc lc, bn s cm thy
d chu hn v th gin hn.
Tuy nhin, nu li ni ny khin bn vn cn cng thng sau khi luyn
tp ht sc, hy dng li. Ti khuyn bn nn b qua kiu ni ton m hu
thanh ny v b li cho bi tp ny bng cch dnh nhiu thi gian hn cho
bc 7 (pht m).
9.
Ni cch t nhin (7 pht)
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Phillip J. Roberts
By gi bn s dn dn thay i cch ni ca bn cho n khi n nghe t nhin

hn. Hy chc rng bn ang ch trng vo vic pht m. Cch tt nht tp
trung vo vic pht m l bt u mt cu hay mt phn ca cu bng cch pht
ra m aaaaaa v c ko di m tit u tin.
Khng nn ch trng vo nhng ph m v thanh v hy nh nhng c ko di
nguyn m. Hy c gng t m trong khi bn ni.
Hy t ngn tay ln thanh qun ca bn. Nu bn cm nhn thanh qun ca
bn vn tip tc rung, iu c ngha l bn ang pht m ng. Nu bn c
duy tr cch ni nh th sut c ngy, bn s khng bao gi b ni lp.
Nu bn cm thy thanh qun ca bn ngng rung khi bn c mt ph m v
thanh no , iu ny c ngha bn phi trnh tp trung vo ph m v thanh
hn v nhn mnh hn vo cc nguyn m.
Trong khi c ln ting, hy m bo rng trc trng ca bn ang thng
thong v th gin. Hy chc rng bn ang th bng bng, khng kh nh
nhng thot ra t phi v t ming trc khi bn bt u ni.
Bi tp bui ti
Bn s theo s sp t thi gian sau cho bi tp bui ti. Xin xem chi tit cc
bc khc nhau ny trong bi tp bui sng.
1.
Lm th gin chung (1 pht)
2.
Th gin c trc trng (1phut1)
3.
Th bng bng (1 pht)
4.
K thut Demosthenes (27 pht)
C luyn tp sut ngy

Bn phi luyn tp sut ngy, bt c khi no bn c c hi hay cm thy cn
phi luyn tp.
Quan trng l bn phi th gin trc trng v th bng bng mi khi bn gp
nhng tnh hung ni chuyn kh khn. S th gin trc trng v th bng bng
ny l iu m bn cn phi lm mi lc mi ni.
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Hy thng xuyn kim tra trc trng, bng, thanh qun ca bn xem chng c
thng thong v th gin hay khng. Hy m bo rng bn ang th bng
bng. Hy tp trung vo vic pht m lun lun.
Khi bn ni, hy chc rng bn khng dng sc p khng kh ra ngoi. Hy
khng kh nh nhng thot ra t phi v qua thanh qun ca bn.
Vit ra nhng t ng s
Mi ngy, bn hy mang theo giy v vit v ghi li nhng t bn gp kh khn
khi ni. Bn s luyn tp nhng t ny trong nhng bi tp bui sng v bui
ti tip theo.
Hy cho no ca bn ngh ngi
Ti khuyn bn nn luyn tp nhng bi tp ny mi ngy nhng ng thi ti
cng khuyn bn nn ngng s luyn tp ny mt hay hai tun l ri hy bt
u li. C th bn thy rng kh nng ni tri chy ca bn s gia tng trong
thi gian ngh ngi y. l do no b ca bn th ng hc k thut ny.
Vic hc th ng khng phi l iu c bit ni c lu lot. Ti
n hiu qu ca vic hc th ng trong khi thc hnh nhng bi tp li xe.
Ti bt u thc hnh phn na bi tp li xe ri ngng khong vi thng. Khi
ti tip tc hc tip, ti rng ti li xe tt hn so vi nhng thng trc y
khi ti ang hc nhng bi hc . Ti th ng hc k nng li xe.
Bn cng c th kinh nghim vic hc th ng trong khi hc nhng k nng
khc nhau nh chi qun vt, bi li
Ti khng ngh bn ngng li khi no v trong bao lu. Mi ngi mi khc
nn y l iu bn phi t khm ph ra cho chnh mnh. Nu bn thy bn
khng tin b trong vic ni tri chy th iu hm rng no ca bn cn
c ngh ngi. Hy thi luyn tp nhng bi tp mi ngy ny trong mt thi
gian xem iu g s xy ra.
Cn mong i iu g?
Nh c cp trc y, bn khng th ni lu lot ch trong vng mt
m nhng s mt vi tun l thm ch vi thng trc khi bn kinh nghim
c s tin b ng k.
Trong trng hp ca ti, kt qu d nhn thy u tin t c l trong nhng
tnh hung ni chuyn m ti cm thy kh khn nht nh tnh hung ti b ni
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lp hu nh 99%. V d nh khi ti trong vn phng gim c. Sau vi ngy

luyn tp, ti thy trong nhng tnh hung nh trn, ti ch ni lp khong 80%.
Ti bit mnh hiu thu v vn ni lp. Ti bit cuc chin chng li tt
ni lp khng phi l khng c hy vng. Ti bit rng tt ni lp cng phn
cng li v qu tht n phn cng ti. i khi ti thy mnh ni lp ngy
cng t hn nhng ri sau ti ni tt hn. Nhng trong thi gian di, tt ni
lp b khc phc dn cn kh nng ni tri chy cng gia tng. Ht tun ny
sang tun khc, ti thy mnh t b ni lp hn khi ni chuyn vi qun c cho
n cui cng ti c th ni vi ng y mt cch lu lot v y t tin.
Vic khc phc tt ni lp trong khi ni chuyn vi gim c tng i d dng
v ti c thi gian th gin trc trng v th bng bng trc khi g ca
phng ca ng ta. Ni chung, vic khc phc ni lp trong nhng tnh hung
ni chuyn kh khn m bn lng trc c th kh d dng hn. Trong
nhng tnh hung nh th, bn c vi pht tp trung th gin h thng c
Valsalva.
Vic khc phc ni lp s kh khn hn nhiu trong nhng tnh hung ni
chuyn t xut. Gi s bn ang lng nghe nhng ngi bn ng nghip ca
bn ang ni chuyn vi nhau, thnh lnh mt trong s h hi kin ca bn.
Bn git mnh: bn khng c kin r rng no c v khng bit phi ni g. H
ang ch nghe kin ca bn cn bn r rng khng c thi gian lm th
gin trc trng. Trong nhng tnh hung nh th, tht kh khn kim sot s
ni lp nhng bn dn s ly li bnh tnh v cui cng s c th n tri chy
trong mi tnh hung.
Hy lp danh sch nhng tnh hung ni chuyn gy kh khn cho bn
Ti ngh bn nn lp mt danh sch nhng tnh hung ni chuyn gy kh
khn cho bn m bn thng gp. V d, nh khi ni chuyn vi gim c ca
bn, mua bnh m ti ca tim bnh hay mua thuc aspirin ti tim thuc ty,
hn h, hi thm ng, ni chuyn vi ba m, ni tn bn, ni chuyn trn
in thoi, k n cao tro ca mt cu chuyn a
Hy c gng lit k tng tnh hung ni chuyn mt. Nu ni chuyn trn in
thoi l nan ca bn, mi ngy hy gi n vi s in thoi khng tnh cc
v hi thm vi thng tin theo thng l no . Hy lm iu ny cho n khi
vic ni chuyn trn in thoi khng cn l nan i vi bn na.
Mt khi mt tnh hung no c kim sot, bn c th n mng v iu
ny. Tuy bn cha chin thng hon ton trong cuc chin vi ni lp nhng
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bn nh thng trn u tin. By gi bn t tin rng bn cng c th

nh nhng trn khc cho n khi bn hu nh ni tri chy hon ton.
Tham kho
HARKNESS, Richard, Neuropatterning For Stutters: A Home Course In Programming Your
Brain For Fluent Speech, 1997
STRYDOM,
Jan.
Stuttering:
Helping
Your
Youngster
Overcome
it,
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Bi tp 12: Lng Nghe Ngi Khc

Khng ai ni tri chy 100%
Theo thng k, s ngi ni lp chim khong 1% dn s. iu ny c ngha l
1% dn s b ni lp cn 99% dn s cn li u hon ton ni lu lot ht phi
khng? L ngi ni lp, bn c th ngh iu ng nhng tht t khng
hon ton nh th.
Hy chm ch lng nghe ngi khc ng khi h ni, bn s ngc nhin khi
thy rng rt t ngi hon ton ni tri chy. Tht t cho thy chng ta c th
qu quyt cch chc chn rng khng ai trn th gii ny hon ton ni lu lot
100% sut 100% khong thi gian sng. Hu ht mi ngi u hi ni lp mi
khi h m ming; nhng h ch ni lp mc khng ng k n ni chng
ai n nhng s tht l h c ni lp.
Trong vi trng hp, n c th khng phi l ni lp nhng ch l mt hnh
thc no ca vic ni khng sun s. Mt ngi c th gp kh khn trong
vic tm mt t thch hp nn s ni m, m trong mt chc. Hoc ngi
c th bt u ni m tit u tin ca t ri cht nhn ra t khng thch hp
nn lin ngng li, m ri bt u ni li c cu vi t thch hp hn. Du
c tht l ni lp hay khng th h cng gp vn lm sao ni tri chy nh
bn m thi, ch c iu l nh hn.
Nhng hnh thc ni khng lu lot ny thng khng ai v chng qu
bnh thng.
iu ny c ngha g vi bn?
1)
Bn khng phi l ngi ni lp sng trong mt cng ng ni lu lot

hon ton. Bn l mt ngi ni lp nng sng trong mt cng ng ni lp
nh. Ti khng chc rng tin tc ny s gip bn cm thy vui nhng t ra n
cng gip bn cm thy kh hn mt cht v chnh bn thn!
2)
Khi mt ngi ni lp quyt nh khc phc tt ni lp, l d nhin mc

tiu ca ngi l phi ni tri chy 100%. Ti thit ngh rng by gi bn
hiu bn khng th no t c mc tiu ny. Thm ch ngi c xem l
khng ni lp cng khng th t c mc tiu khng tng y.
3)
Hiu c iu ny l rt quan trng v n s gip bn khng thit lp

mc tiu m bn khng th vi ti. Mt ngi ni lp nu khng hiu rng
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khng th no ngi y c th ni lu lot 100% th lun c n tng rng

mnh tht bi trong vic n lc khc phc tt ni lp mi khi ngi ch
hi ni lp.
Nu mc tiu ca bn l ni tri chy 100% th chc chn bn s tht bi.
Mc tiu ca bn l phi tr thnh ngi hi ni lp. Mc tiu ca bn nn
l ni lp mt t nh nhng ngi bnh thng khc. Thm ch nu bn ni
lp nhiu hn ngi bnh thng mt cht th cng chng ai .
4)
Vic nhn ra mi ngi u ni lp nh s thay i nhn thc ca bn v

ni lp. Nu bn ch hi ni lp, bn bit rng iu khng h g v mi
ngi u ni lp mc khng ng k. Nu bn b ni lp nng, bn
bit rng iu cng khng qu kinh khng v mi ngi u ni lp. Bn
ch hi ni lp hn ngi khc thi. By gi bn bit rng ni lp l cn
bnh nh hng hu nh tt c mi ngi. N ch tc ng ln bn nhiu
hn ngi khc mt cht.
Hy ghi nh
Mc tiu ca bn l gim ni lp n mc chp nhn c ch
khng phi loi b hon ton tt ni lp.
Tham
kho

Stuttering Foundation: Transfer and maintenance. 1982
Bi tp 13: Bn Khng C n
Ti sao li l ti?
Bn l ngi ni lp v bn cm thy tt ni lp ca mnh ang hu hoi cuc
i bn. Bn c th ngh: Ti sao li l ti? Ti sao ti li ni lp cn nhng
ngi khc th khng? Ti sao h c mi th hnh phc cn ti th ang chu tt
ni lp hu hoi cuc i mnh? TI SAO?
Tht khng vui v cht no khi phi l ngi b ni lp. Nhng bn c ngh
rng ngi khc tht s c mi th em n cho h mt cuc sng hon ho v
hnh phc khng? Bn ang than phin v tt ni lp ca mnh nhng bn c
chc rng nhng ngi khc khng c g than phin khng? Khng c g t
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hi hn vic ni lp sao? Bn c chc h khng c nhng gnh nng v hnh

no m h phi mang theo bt c ni no h i khng?
Hy nhn ngi khc khi bn i trn ng
Ln sau khi bn i ra ph, hy ch tm nhn nhng ngi i ng khc. Nh
bn bit, con ngi c nhiu hnh dng, kch c v mu da khc nhau.
Phn ln chng ta khng hi lng v hnh dng, kch c hay mu da ca mnh.
Ngi tc en lun ao c h c mi tc vng cn ngi tc vng li ao c h
c mi tc en. Hu ht chng ta mun ci mi ca mnh di hn hoc ngn hn
mt cht hay tai ca mnh nh hn hoc to hn mt cht. Chng ta cng ao c
mnh ln hn hoc cao hn, gy hn hoc mp hn
Khi bn bch b trn ph, hy nhn tht k tng ngi bc i theo hng
ngc li. Hy c on ti sao nhng ngi ny khng my vui v v bn thn.
Hy c gng khm ph tng chi tit nh c th nh tan s nhn thc h c v
chnh mnh.
By gi c tip tc ro bc cho n khi bn tnh c gp mt ngi hon ho:
p v t tin Ti c l bn phi bc i hng dm mi gp c ngi
hon ho nh vy! Ri bn hy quan st tht k ngi ny. Bn c chc rng
ngi y ngh v mnh nh l mt ngi hon ho khng? C th bn khng
thy ht tng chi tit nh, nhng chi tit m ngi ch thy c khi nhn
chnh mnh qua gng soi. Hoc c th cuc i ngi b hu hoi v nhng
cn bnh khng thy c no . Hoc c th ngi ny b ngoi rt vui mng
v t tin nhng tht t ngi ang khc thm trong lng v ci cht ca ngi
thn yu no . Hoc c th i sng tnh cm ca ngi hon ton l mt
thm ho. Hay
Ti hy vng rng bn hiu mc ch ca bi tp ny khng phi l xu xa v
ci nho ngi khc khi bn bc xung ph. Bn nn lm bi tp ny vi
lng thng xt. Tht s mi ngi bn thy trn ng u l nhng ngi
tuyt vi (d nhin ngoi tr thu s ti phm ng ch m cnh st cha bt
c ht cng i cng vi bn trn ng). Phi, du h khng hon ho nhng
h l nhng to vt tuyt vi! Hu ht h u ging bn, mang trn mnh nhng
gnh nng v hnh hay hu hnh no . Trong trng hp ca bn, gnh nng
ny l ni lp. Trong trng hp ca h, gnh nng ny l mt th g khc v
ti khng chc bn c mun i gnh nng ca bn ly gnh nng ca h
khng. y hn khng phi l tng hay ho g.
Tht vy, cuc sng th rt kh khn trn hnh tinh ny, nhng tt c nhng con
ngi tuyt vi ang bc i trn ng y lm ht sc mnh. H n lc
tn ti. H lm vic cc lc ci thin i sng ca gia nh. Tt c h u
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mun tr nn nhng ngi cha, ngi m, nhng ngi con hay ngi chng,
ngi v, ngi yu hon ho. H c thnh cng khng? C th l khng
nhng h c g mnh c th v h c gng ht sc. H c th vt qua mi
loi th thch nhng h c tip tc tranh chin v n lc ht mnh.
Khng ai l ton ho v bn cng khng l ngoi l. Bn nn nhn thy rng
bn l mt ngi bt ton sng trong mt th gii bt ton vi dn s trn 5 t
ngi ny. Bn khng n c. Bn cng ging nh nhng ngi khc trn
hnh tinh ny: bn c gng ht sc sng hnh phc vi nhng ngi thn v
bn b ca mnh. V tt ni lp ca bn khng phi l vn nh ngn bn t
c mc ch . Hu ht chng ta u sng vui v mc cho nhng nan xy
ra. Bn cng c th sng hnh phc du b ni lp. (Cha k n s tht l nu
bn c quyn sch ny th bn c th thnh cng trong vic khc phc tt ni
lp trong nhng tun l hay nhng thng sp ti)
Hy lm ht sc v chc bn may mn!
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Bi tp 15: Tha Nhn Tt Ni Lp Ca Bn

Tha nhn tt ni lp ca bn thn l bc chnh ni tri chy.
Nhiu ngi xu h vi tt ni lp ca mnh. H c cm gic nhng ngi khc
s xem vic h ni khng lu lot nh l bng chng chng t h l ngi v
gi tr. H tin rng tt ni lp ca h s khin ngi khc ngh h ang mc phi
cn bnh thn kinh no .
Cm gic xu h ny c th qu rp ngp n ni nhiu ngi b ni lp ra v
h tht s khng ni lp. Ly v d nh bn c th trnh i din vi s tht
bng cch gi v cho rng ngi nghe ca bn khng hiu iu bn ni khng
phi v bn ni lp cch t hi m v nhng ting n xung quanh hay v tai
ngi y b nghnh ngng.
Bn hu nh trnh i din vi thc t v bn mun bo v lng t trng d
chm t i ca bn. S t la di y c th c hiu qu trong chc lt nhng
sm mun g bn cng phi i din vi s tht: bn l ngi ni lp.
Tht v ch khi lm ra v mnh khng b ni lp. Chng c g phi xu h v
iu . Ni lp ch l mt cch ni khc thng v l lm, nhng khng c
ngha bn l ngi v gi tr hay b in khng. Bn c th yn tr rng ngi
khc s khng nhn thy vic ni lp l mt bng chng chng t bn v dng
hay ngu ngc. H hiu ni lp ch l mt cch ni xa l v khng bnh thng.
Hy chn tht vi chnh bn thn v chp nhn s tht rng bn l ngi ni
lp. Hy ni vi nhng ngi thn v bn b ca mnh v vn ni lp ca
bn. Hy cho h bit bn cm thy th no v ni lp v hi h xem h ngh th
no v iu ny. i vi hu ht ngi khng b ni lp th tt ni lp l mt
iu b n v c th h s cm thy vui khi ni vi bn v hin tng l lng
ny. Hy gii thch cho h hiu hiu ng Valsalva l g, n cn tr vic ni v
gy ra ni lp ra sao.
Mt khi bn tha nhn bn b ni lp v chia s cm gic ca bn vi bn b v
ngi thn v tt ni lp ca mnh, bn c th d dng nhn mt cch khch
quan v li ni ca mnh v hc c nhiu kinh nghim. Bn c th khch
quan theo di s tin b ca mnh khi bn bt u thc hnh nhng bi tp
trong quyn sch ny.
Bn cng c th xem vic ni lp khng ch l vn ca ring bn v iu ny
s to nn hiu qu tch cc trong vic khc phc tt ni lp. Bn s t lo lng
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hn v vic bn c th s ni lp v do bn s khng d dng mc phi hiu

ng Valsalva trong khi ni. V nu bn b ni lp, th iu ny tuyt nhin
khng gy ra hu qu nguy hi no n lng t trng ca bn. Bn bit bn l
ngi ni lp v bn tha nhn iu .
Hy tha nhn tt c nhng yu t trong Tng Bng Tri Ni Lp.
Tha nhn vic ni khng sun s ca bn thi cha . Bn cng nn tha
nhn mi mt yu t trong tng bng tri ni lp. Mt khi bn tha nhn nhng
yu t khc nhau trong tng bng tri ny, bn s d dng x l chng v thay
th chng bng nhng phn tng ng trong tng bng tri ni tri chy.
Bn nn tha nhn nhng yu t trong tng bng tri ni lp cch chn tht.
Mi cch c x, cm gic v nhn thc lin quan n ni lp u khng chng
minh bn l ngi v gi tr. Ch n gin quan st chng cch chn thnh v
tha nhn chng theo nh bn cht ca chng.
1. Cng c trong h thng Valsalva
Hy lun thc rng bn hay c xu hng cng c trong h thng Valsalva.
2. Nhng kiu th khc thng
Tht v ch khi gi v nh khng c iu g khc thng xy ra khi bn tnh c
ni m khng c hi no ra t phi hoc khi bn c gng va ni va ht hi
vo. Khng c g phi xu h v iu ny v bn s d dng gii quyt vn
nu bn cng khai tha nhn vi chnh mnh rng bn thnh thong cng gp
kh khn trong vic va th va ni.
3. S dng t m
Hy tha nhn i khi bn cng dng nhng t m. ng lm ra v nhng li
v ngha ny khng cn thit v khng lm cho li ni ca bn d hiu hn.
4. Xc cm, tnh cm v nhn thc tiu cc
Hy nhng xc cm, tnh cm v nhn thc tiu cc ca bn. Tht kh
khn loi tr chng nu bn khng tha nhn s tn ti ca chng. Hy lu
cch chng lm ngn tr li ni ca bn.
5. Ni s nhng tnh hung ni chuyn c bit
Hy tha nhn rng i khi bn cng s nhng tnh hung ni chuyn no .
Hy quan st bn cm thy th no mi khi bn phi gi in thoi, ni chuyn
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vi qun l, ni chuyn vi cnh st Hy tha nhn ni s hi ca bn v

ng n ngn tr bn ni chuyn.
6. Km nn khng ni
ng gi v bn khng km nn nu bn ang km nn. Hy tha nhn bn cm
thy khng thoi mi nh mong mun v i khi bn ra v mnh khng c g
ni v mun trnh ni chuyn.
7. K thut ni trnh
Hy quan st cn thn cch bn p dng nhng bin php ni trnh. Hy tha
nhn bn cng thng dng nhng t thay th.
8. Trnh nhn i phng
Tha nhn rng bn gp kh khn hn ngi khc khi khng nhn vo ngi
i din.
9. Xu hng ng bt ng
Hy bn thng b t lit v ni s ni lp nh th no v iu ny ngn tr
bn dng ngn ng c ch h tr li ni ra sao.
10. Ni nh
Hy bn thng ni nh v bn khng mun qu nhiu ngi bit bn ang
ni lp.
11. Nhng ngn tr i vi s thay i
Hy tha nhn rng tim thc ca bn khng sn sng thay i v iu ny
c th lm cn tr s tin b ca bn.
Cng khai ni lp
ng lm ra v bn l mt ngi ni chuyn cch bnh thng. Khng nn c
gng che y s ni lp ca bn. Nu bn c gng giu vic bn b ni lp, bn
s t lm mnh b cng thng v s d ni lp hn. Thay vo , bn nn cng
khai ni lp v ng xu h.
Khng nn iu chnh chnh mnh theo cch ni qu thn trng
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Theo truyn thng, ting Anh c hai t m t tnh trng ca bn: stutterer
(ni lp - ch yu c dng M, Ca-na-a, c) v stammerer (ni lp ch yu c dng Anh, Ai-len, n )
Nhng ngi ch trng dng phi thut ng cch thn trng ngh rng vic
to ra mt t th ba: PWS, mt t vit tt nh nhng m ch ngi ni lp
(Person Who Stutters hoc Person Who Stammers) l hon ton cn thit.
Nhiu ngi ngy nay ngh rng to ra nhng t mi hoc ghp ngha ca
nhng t ang tn ti c th gip chng ta gii quyt vn Ti ngh vic y
ch khin vn c ni ra kh hiu hn. Ln u tin khi ti gp ch PWS,
ti phi mt c pht mi hiu rng n c ngha l ngi ni lp. Phng tin
truyn thng by gi dng qu nhiu thut ng thn trng n ni i khi ti
khng hiu ngi pht thanh vin trn i ang ni v iu g
D sao i na, xin ng ni theo kiu cch qu thn trng. Bn khng phi l
mt PWS.
Bn l STUTTERER, ngi ni lp.
Bn l STAMMERER, ngi ni lp.
Hy i din vi n!
Tham kho
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Bi tp 16: Hnh X Nh Ngi Khng B Ni Lp

Ti tin chc rng khi bn xp hng ti ca tim bnh, bn khng ngng ni vi
chnh mnh Ti mun mua mt ci bnh rn Ti mun mua mt ci bnh
rn Ti mun mua mt ci bnh rn. Nu hng ngi ang xp di, c
th bn s lp li cu ni ny n hng trm ln. Hoc c l bn ngh rng liu
bn nn ni: Ti mun mt ci bnh rn hay l ni Ti mun mua mt ci
bnh rn. Ti mun mt ci bnh rn l cu ni ngn hn nn bn t b ni
lp hn. Mt khc, Ti mun mua mt ci bnh rn c mt t m trc t
bnh rn ng s. Do iu ny s gip bn khi u ni d dng hn v
nhanh chng ni n t bnh rn.
Nhng ngi ng xp hng khc
Cn nhng ngi ng xp hng khc th sao? Bn c ngh rng h c lp li
vi chnh mnh cu ni Ti mun mt ci bnh to hay Ti mun mt
bnh m khng? Bn c ngh h ang ngh lm th no din t li yu cu
ca h khng? D nhin l khng! Mt ngi khng b ni lp s khng ngh
lm th no gi mn n cho n chng vi giy trc khi ngi m ming
gi. Cng lc , trong khi xp hng, ngi c tm tr mnh suy ngh min
man. C th ngi ngh v k ngh th v va qua, v mt cuc hn mi, hoc v
mt nhn hiu xe mi m ngi mun mua. Hoc c th ngi lo lng cho a
con trai ca mnh c th ht cn sa hay a con gi c th c thai, hoc cng c
th ngi ang ngh v vic th tng M s gii quyt nhng vn ngoi
giao nh th no.
l cch bn nn hnh x. Hy quyt nh bn mun g trc khi vo tim
bnh v hy qun vic i trong khi bn xp hng. Nu bn bit bn mun g,
bn c th ni trn tru m khng cn nhm trc hng trm ln. B no ca bn
rt tuyt vi, n ch cn vi phn triu ca giy l c th tm ra cch lm th no
din t nhng iu bn mun ni.
Khi nhm trc nhiu ln hoc suy ngh rt lung v cch bn s gi thc n, bn
s t lm mnh b cng thng. V nn nh l bn cng cng thng bao nhiu,
bn cng d dng rn tng ch kiu Valsalva v b ni lp by nhiu.
Hy ni chm ri trc khi bn b p lc
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Khi mt ngi ni lp b p lc, ngi y c xu hng ni nhanh hn. V ni

nhanh hn nn ngi t lm mnh b cng thng v iu ny cng gia tng kh
nng ni lp.
Khi ngi khng b ni lp b p lc, ngi lm iu ngc li: ngi ni chm
ri. Gim tc ni s gy nn hiu qu th gin. Bn c th cn thi gian
tp trung t tng.
Mt ln na, bn nn c gng c x nh ngi khng b ni lp. p lc cng
cao, bn cng nn ni chm. Khi bn ni chm, hy c gng tn hng cm gic
th gin ca tng li t t pht ra t ming bn.
Tham Kho
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Bi tp 17: Ni Trc Gng

Hn bn bit rng ngi ni lp s khng b ni lp khi h mt mnh v ni
ln ting vi chnh mnh hay ni vi th vt. Ni lp ch xy ra khi c s hin
din ca ngi khc.
Bn c th gi v nh c s hin din ca ngi khc khi ng ni trc
gng.
Ngoi gng ra, bn cng c th dng my ghi m hay my quay. Thot tin,
vic ngm mnh hay lng nghe chnh mnh khng phi l kinh nghim d chu
g nhng bn s nhanh chng quen dn vi n.
Bt c bn chn cch no, n s gip bn dn quen vi vic ni chuyn trc
ngi khc. N s gip bn khng cn cm gic lo lng khi ni trc m ng.
Ti khuyn bn nn c to vi ti liu vit v dng k thut iu hi v khi
u nh nhng. Hy ghi nh tng cu hay tng phn ca cu v ni ln trong
khi nhn thng vo mt mnh qua gng.
D nhin bn c th dng gng vi my ghi m hay my quay trong bi luyn
tp mi ngy (bi tp s 11) m bn thc hnh vo mi bui sng v mi bui
ti.
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Bi tp 18: Tip Xc Bng Mt

Tm quan trng ca vic tip xc bng mt
Trnh tip xc bng mt l mt trong nhng yu t ca phn khng thy c
ca hin tng ni lp. Trnh tip xc bng mt l phn chm di mt nc
ca tng bng tri ni lp v iu quan trng l bn phi thay i cch c x
ny nu mun dn thot khi tt ni lp.
Tip xc bng mt l mt phng tin giao tip khng li mnh m gia hai
ngi. Ngi ni lp c xu hng trnh nhn vo mt ngi khc c l v vic
tip xc bng mt ch yu truyn ti tnh cm v cm xc; ngi ni lp c
khuynh hng che giu cm xc ca mnh v mun nn tnh cm ca h.
Tip xc mt biu l cm gic thn mt, l iu m ngi ni lp cm thy
ngng ngng v khng tho ng. Hn na, h c khuynh hng ch ng
nhn ch khc v h khng mun nhn thy phn ng ca ngi nghe khi h l
ni lp.
Du ngi ni lp c xu hng trnh tip xc mt, h thnh thong cng nhn
vo mt ngi khc bit ngi ngh g hay cm nhn g. Do hu nh
bn thy mnh lng tng th no khi ni chuyn vi ai m ngi eo
king en giu hon ton cp mt ca h. N cng kh ging nh th mnh
ang ni chuyn vi mt bc tng. Bn khng chc v iu ngi y ngh hay
cm nhn. Thm ch bn cng khng chc l ngi y ang tht s lng nghe
bn hay khng. Ngi y c quan tm n nhng g bn ni hay ngi y ang
cm thy ngn ngm tr chuyn vi bn? Ngi y c thng bn hay khng?
Bn c th tin ngi y c khng? By gi bn nhn ra thng tin b tc
nghn nh th no bi cp knh mt. Bn cng nhn ra tm quan trng ca vic
tip xc bng mt trong s giao tip c hiu qu.
Vic nhn vo mt ngi nghe c th ni cho bn bit nhiu v iu anh y hoc
c y ngh hay cm nhn. Nu ngi y nhm h mt, iu c ngha ngi
y cm thy tht kh khn theo di s lp lun ca bn. Khi thy nh th,
bn hiu rng bn phi ni chm li v gii thch cn thn hn iu bn mun
ni. Nu mt ngi y m to trn xoe th iu ny hm ngi y git mnh
ngc nhin. Nu y l nhng g bn ang tm kim th bn bit bn t c
iu ri. Nu khng, bn bit rng bn phi gii thch quan im ca bn
cch chi tit hn. Vic nhn vo mt ca ngi nghe cng c th gip bn khm
ph ra liu ngi ny c ng tin hay khng, c lu tm n ngi khc hay
khng.
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Luyn tp nhn thng vo mt ca ngi nghe

Trong nhng ngy ti, bn th nhn vo mt ca ngi nghe cng nhiu cng tt
mi khi bn tr chuyn vi ai . Thot u, vic tip xc mt ny c th khin
bn cm thy v cng kh chu v mt bn chc hn mun trnh n v nhn
vo th g t gy ra cm xc hn nh l mi, ming hay c vt ca ngi
nghe. Hoc c th mt bn s tp trung vo c no hn.
Cm gic u tin ca bn l khng th no nhn lu hn na giy. Mi khi
nhn, hy rng nhn lu hn nh th. Ti nh sau hai ngy thc hnh tip xc
mt, cui cng ti cng nhn lu khong 15 pht khi ni chuyn vi ng
nghip. Phi, nhng mi lm pht Trc , ti cha tng ngh mnh c th
lm c iu hay mnh ng phi lm iu . Dng nh vic y khng l
th thch g nhiu cho ng nghip ca ti nhng khi cuc tr chuyn kt thc,
ti cm thy chng mt v kit sc. Ti cm thy chong bi cm gic l lm
khi mt mnh c dn cht vo mt ca ngi . Sut 15 pht, ti khng thy g
ngoi hai con ngi ca ngi ; ti cng khng nghe g ngoi cuc tr
chuyn ca chng ti. Nhng ng nghip khc c qua li v ni chuyn xung
quanh c nh h khng tn ti.
Ti sao nhng ngi bn ca ti trnh tip xc mt?
Khi ln u bn c duy tr tip xc mt, bn hu nh thy nhng ngi bn
khng bit thng trnh nhn mt bn. Mt khc, bn c th ngc nhin khi thy
bn b hay ngi thn ca bn c trnh nhn vo mt bn. Thot u bn c th
xem iu ny nh l bng chng cho thy vic tip xc mt khng tho ng
lm; bn c th t hi rng ngi ta s ngh g v bn khi bn c nhn chm vo
mt h. C th h ngh bn ang c vn khi nhn nh vy. Bn s bt u lo
lng rng bi tp ny s khin ngi khc ngh rng bn ang mc phi cn
bnh thn kinh no . ng lo lng v chuyn , c tip tc luyn tp. Bn s
thy ngy qua ngy bn b v ngi thn ca bn s dn thi khng trnh tip
xc mt vi bn na. Tht s l do ban u h trnh tip xc mt vi bn l v
h hoc v tnh hoc c bit rng bn ang gp kh khn trong vic tip xc
mt nn h chn trnh lm bn ngng ngng qua vic nhn thng vo mt bn.
Ri mt ln na, h li bt chc cch c x ca bn. Con ngi l sinh vt x
hi v c xu hng bt chc cch c x ca nhng ngi xung quanh cch
mnh m. Ti thy nhng du khch nc ngoi c xu hng bt chc
hnh vi ca nhng ngi dn a phng. V d nh Lun n, ngi ta
thng i b v pha bn phi ca l ng v nhng du khch nc ngoi cng
nhanh chng bt chc h i nh th. Trong nhng t nc m ngi i b i
t do, khng theo l lut v thnh thong ng ngay gia ng gy ra ch tc
giao thng th nhng du khch nc ngoi cng c xu hng i tng t d h
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n t t nc tun theo php lut nht. H cng khng do d lm nghn

ng i trong khi c gng tm ng i. iu bun ci l dn a phng
cui cng cng tha cho nhng du khch ngu ngc ny lm ch tc ng i
ca h
Khi bn c gi tip xc bng mt, bn b v ngi thn ca bn s dn ch s
thay i trong cch c x ca bn v h dn s bt chc bn v gi tip xc
bng mt vi bn.
Ngy qua ngy, vic tip xc bng mt ny dng nh tr nn t nhin hn v
bn c luyn tp cho n khi n hon ton t nhin v khng g b.
Hy nhn vo mt ngi i din trc khi bn bt u ni
Trc khi bn ni chuyn vi ai , hy nhn thng vo mt ca ngi trong
vi giy. Qua vic nhn thng vo mt ca ngi nghe, bn s to nn mt s
lin kt khng li trong giao tip. Bn s bit ngi khc c sn lng lng nghe
bn v ch bn ni chuyn vi h hay khng. Bn s bit bn khng cn phi
vi v v s cm thy thoi mi hn vi ngi nghe ca mnh.
Gi tip xc bng mt trong khi b ni lp
iu quan trng l hy c tip xc bng mt trong khi b ni lp. Khi mt ngi
ni lp cm thy c ci g ngn tr vic ni sp xy ra, h c khuynh hng
t nhin l nhn i ch khc trnh nhn thy phn ng ca ngi nghe. Bn
nn khng c li s thi thc ny v c nhn vo ngi i din lun ngay c
bn vn gp kh khn trong vic rt lu mi ni ra mt t. Dng nh bn
chng cm thy d chu cht no khi c thy s bi ri trn gng mt ca
ngi nghe nhng bn nn bit rng ngi nghe ca bn s cng bi ri hn nu
bn nhn i ch khc.
Khi ni vi nhiu ngi
Khi bn ch ni chuyn vi mt ngi, bn nn nhn vo mt h cng thng
xuyn cng tt. Bn nn ch nhn vo mt h. Khi ni chuyn vi mt nhm
ngi, bn nn nhn tng ngi trong vi giy. Gi s bn ang ni chuyn vi
Bob, John v Jane. Hy bt u nhn Bob trong vi giy, sau nhn vo mt
ca John ri vi giy sau nhn vo Jane.
Bn cng nn iu chnh lng thi gian thch hp nhn vo ngi khc tu
theo tng tnh hung. Ly v d nu cu chuyn xoay quanh John, bn nn dnh
nhiu thi gian mt vo John v ch cn nhn lt qua Bob hay Jane xem
h cm thy th no v iu bn ang ni. Nu bn thy Jane t ra bt ng d
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di v iu bn ni, bn nn di s tp trung ca cu chuyn qua Jane v gi

tip xc bng mt vi c y trong khong thi gian lu hn v c lin tc kim
tra xem cm xc ca Bob v John ra sao qua vic lic nhanh mt ca h.
Tham kho
HARRISON, John C., Conquer Your Fears of Speaking before People, National Stuttering
Association, 1989
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Bi tp 20: Ni Bng C Thn Th
Tm Quan Trng ca Ngn Ng C Ch

Bi tp ny cng kh ging vi bi tp trc nhng nhn mnh thm v phn k
thut. Trong bi tp trc, bn rn luyn c ng thn th trong khi ni cm
thy thoi mi v d chu hn trong mi trng giao tip ca bn. Bn cng
thy rng vic c ng thn th c th thu ht s ch ca ngi nghe ra sao.
By gi bn s bit lm th no vic c ng thn th c th tht s truyn ti
ngha v lm cho s giao tip c hiu qu v th v hn. Qu tht, li ni khng
phi l phng tin duy nht lm cho ngi ta hiu bn c.
Trong vi tnh hung, ngn ng c ch c th thay th s truyn thng bng li
ni: lc u c ngha l Khng hay Ti khng ng . C gt u lin tc
c ngha l hay Ti tn thnh. Ch cn ch tay vo chai cam p thi cng
gi cho bn b hay ngi thn ca bn ly gim bn chai nc y. Thnh
thong, bn ch cn hng mt nhn v mt hng no l ngi ta cng c
th hiu bn.
Tuy nhin, trong hu ht mi trng hp, ngn ng c ch c dng cng lc
vi s truyn thng bng li ni. N lm cho vic thng tin tr nn sng ng
hn v c din t tt hn. y l cch ti u thu ht s ch v m bo
khin ngi nghe lng nghe bn.
Nhy mt
Hy nhy mt v quan st phn ng ca ngi nghe. C l ngi nghe s ci
v nhy mt li vi bn. Bn cm thy th no? Bn khng thch th vi loi
giao tip khng li ny sao? N khin bn cm thy vui v v thoi mi v
ngi nghe bn cng cm thy nh th. C hai u cm thy th thi v iu
ny khin vic truyn thng s d dng hn v hin tng ni lp s t xy ra
hn.
ngha ca vic nhy mt l g? N thng ng bn ang c tm trng vui v
bn cm thy vui khi cng ngi . y l iu m ngi ta thng khng
ni ra bng li nhng qua ci nhy mt nh th ngi ta s hiu d dng v
nhanh hn. y cng minh chng r rng cho tm quan trng ca ngn ng c
ch: n khin bn ni ln iu g nhanh hn, thoi mi hn v ph hp hn.
Hy Ni Bng i Tay v Qua Khun Mt ca Bn
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Hy c gng dng thn th bn cng nhiu cng tt trong khi bn ni chuyn.

Hy din t nhng iu bn ni bng i tay. C phi bn i cu c vo cui
tun v mun ngi ng nghip ca bn bit con c n to th no? Ti ngh
bn bit i tay v cc c mt ca bn cn phi lm g. Hy quan st ngi nghe
khi ngi y xoe mt nhn. Tht vy! Ngi y hiu c thng ip: con c
cc k ln.
Hy chc rng bn c ng c mt cch hiu qu ng khi ni. Hy ci nu
bn mun ci, nhn mt nu bn khng hi lng, v m to mt cho thy bn
ang ngc nhin th no. Hi nhu mt hay lc u nu bn cm thy kh hiu
iu ngi khc ang c gng gii thch.
C rt nhiu th bn c th th hin qua khun mt, ci u v i tay ca bn
lm ngi khc hiu bn hn v truyn thng vi h. Hy c gng dng
chng cng nhiu cng tt v hy iu khin vic truyn thng hiu qu
v th v hn th no mi ln lm nh vy. Hy bn cng cm thy thoi
mi hn ra sao.
C gng t nht mt ln trong ngy bn lm ngi ta hiu mnh m khng cn
dng li ni. Mc tiu l khng phi trnh ni chuyn trnh vic ni lp.
Ngn ng c ch thun tu khng th thay th ngn ng bng li. Mc ch ca
vic ny l nhn ra s truyn thng khng li c th t hiu qu nh th no.
Mc ch l khin bn tr thnh mt ngi truyn thng c kt qu. Bn ngh
sao khi bn nhn thy ai ch n gin dng ngn tay t m c th khin ngi
khc hiu mnh? C l bn ngh rng ngi ny qu l mt nh truyn thng i
ti. y l mt k thut m bn c th lm ch cch d dng cho d bn vn cn
ni lp. Mt khi bn nm vng k thut ny, ngi khc s nhn bn nh ngi
truyn thng gii, bn s ly li t tin v iu ny khin bn t ni lp hn.
Tham kho
Association, 1989
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Bi tp 21: Lm Th No Ngt Li Ngi Khc

Ngt li ngi khc c bt lch s qu khng?
C l bn c dy t lc cn th u rng bn khng nn ngt li ngi khc
khi h ang ni chuyn: iu tht bt lch s.
Hn l iu bt lch s nhng trong thc t, chng ta thng phi ngt li
ngi khc khi h ang ni. Nu bn c iu g cn kp mun ni, bn khng
th ch i n khi ngi ang thao thao bt tuyt y ngng ni v thi tit bn
ngoi. Thi tit lun l ti bt tn ca cu chuyn v bn hu nh phi ch
vi ting ng h mi n lt mnh ni.
C iu g khn cp ni khng phi l l do duy nht ngt li ngi
khc. Nhiu ngi ni nhiu n ni nu bn khng ngt li h, h c tip tc
ni c ngy. Bn cng c quyn ni v bn nn i quyn y.
Cch tho ng ngt li ngi khc
Sai lm hn c l vi v cp li ngi khc. y l sai lm ln v:
1) N bt lch s
2) Khng ai nghe bn. Nu khng ai nghe bn, iu s khin bn cm
thy cng thng v bi ri v bn d b ni lp hn.
Do iu quan trng l trc ht bn phi ngt li ngi ni nhiu bng
cch ni: Bob, xin li v ngt li cu, nhng t c chuyn ny gp cn phi
ni. Hy dng ngn ng c ch (v d bn c th gi tay ln) khin ngi
hiu rng ngi y cn phi ngng ni li. Hy chc rng ngi ngng li v
bn bt ngi v nhng ngi ang lng nghe Bob phi ch . Hy ngng
mt cht, nhn vo mt ca cu y v bn bt u ni cch chm ri nhng t
tin.
Nu bn c lm theo cch ny, bn bit rng mi ngi s lng nghe bn. Nu
bn bit mi ngi s lng nghe bn, bn s cm thy khng cn thit phi vi
v v nh vy s cm thy t tin hn v bn trong trng thi tht d dng
th gin v duy tr s kim sot. Do bn s t b ni lp hn.
Vic chc chn rng bn thu ht c s ch ca ngi nghe l iu cc k
quan trng. Ti nh mt chuyn vin t vn v ging ni ni vi ti rng ti
ni lp l thu ht s ch ca ngi khc. Ti ngh b ta nhm. Ti thy
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trong nhiu trng hp, ti ni lp l v ti khng thu ht c s ch ca

ngi khc. Nu bn c cm gic ngi khc khng lng nghe bn, bn s cm
thy kh chu v v dng. Bn s c khuynh hng ni nhanh v s d b ni
lp hn. Nu bn bit ngi khc ang lng nghe bn, bn cm thy mnh quan
trng v t tin v kim sot c cuc tr chuyn. Bn cm thy khng cn
thit phi vi v v c th c thi gian th gin v bn s c th ni tri chy
hn.
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Bi tp 22: Hy Ni To!
Nhng ngi khc
Bn c rng nhiu ngi ni nh nh th no khng? Khi ti li xe, thnh
thong ti cng gp kh khn trong vic nghe ngi cng i vi ti ni chuyn:
ging ca ngi him khi t c ting n ca ng c xe. Ti c g ngi
ny c nt iu chnh m thanh ti c th chnh m lng to ln. Khi ti
ngh ngi ni to, ti thng nhn c cu tr li ngu ngc nh thng l
rng y l do ti qun ngoy l tai ca mnh. Tht nc ci!
S tht l ngi y ngh rng mnh ni to. L tai ca ngi c mi quan h
mt thit vi thanh qun v mi ming n ni m thanh ca ngi pht ra hu
nh ic i vi ngi. Ngi khng th hnh dung rng mnh c th ni to
hn.
Cn bn th sao?
Trn thc t, tnh c bn cng ni ging nh vy. Bn ngh rng bn ni to
nhng ngi khc hn s vui hn nu bn ni to hn mt cht.
Khi bn ni lp, ni nh s l mt li th ln: nhiu ngi s khng th nghe
bn lp ba lp bp. Bn tht s khng mun tt c nhng ngi hng xm ca
mnh bit bn b ni lp. V l do ny bn hu nh c khuynh hng ni nh
hn ngi bnh thng.
Hy ni to!
Trong nhng ngy sp ti, bn phi c gng ni to hn bnh thng. ng lo
lng nu bn b ni lp. Tht vy, nhiu ngi s nghe bn ni lp nhiu hn.
Vy th sao no? Chng ta ni bn cn phi tha nhn tt ni lp ca mnh v
khng c l do g phi xu h khi mnh ni khng tri chy. Ni to hn l cch
ti u chng t vi mnh v vi th gii rng bn c th sng vi tt ni lp
ca mnh m khng h thn.
Bn hiu c mt ngi ni to hn ngi bnh thng l th no? Bn hu
nh ngh rng ngi y t tin. Bn s d dng lng nghe ngi hn v c xu
hng tin nhng g ngi y ni.
Nu iu ng cho nhng ngi khc, n cng ng cho bn. Bng cch ni
to, bn s ly li t tin, do ngi khc s thch nghe bn v tin nhng g bn
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ni. iu ny s tng kh nng ni lu lot ca bn v bn s t b ni np hn

nu bn t tin. Ni to cng gy tc ng ch li ln h thng c Valsalva. Bn s
pht m nhiu hn v thanh qun s t b khp cht hn. Bn cng s th su
hn v iu ny s lm th gin h thng c Valsalva hn.
Ngy qua ngy, hy dn dn tng m lng ca ging ni bn. ng lo lng v
vic bn s lm chi tai ngi nghe. Hy nh thanh qun ca bn c mi lin h
mt thit vi l tai v bn s lun nghe ting ca mnh to hn ting ca ngi
khc. Chng no ngi nghe ca bn cha bt tai li th bn vn c th tng m
lng to hn mt cht.
By gi hy gi s rng bn cn ni chuyn vi John. John ng cch bn
khong 30 b (~ 10m). Bn s lm g? i li ch John v th thm vi anh y?
Khng, d nhin l khng! Bn vn ng yn ti ch v ht to v pha John.
iu c ngha l mi hoc hai mi ngi c th nghe nhng g bn ni v
dn dn h cng nghe bn b ni lp. Bn khng cn xu h v tt ni lp ca
mnh, do iu ny khng phi l nan i vi bn.
C tip tc tng m lng ging ni ca bn sut nhng ngy sp ti. Khi bn
ni, hy cm gic ca bn th no. Bn c cm thy cht l lm v kh
chu no khng? iu ny bnh thng thi: bn ang lm mt vic m mnh
khng h quen thuc v phi mt vi ngy bn mi c th iu chnh c. Sau
bn c th tng m lng tng cht mt.
Bn c cm thy t tin v thoi mi hn bnh thng khng? Tuyt vi! iu
ny c ngha bn thch nghi rt nhanh. Bn c tip tc tng dn m lng
nh.
Hy ngi khc s phn ng th no i vi cch ni chuyn mi ca bn.
H c ch lng nghe bn hn khng?
H dng nh vui hn ln v thoi mi hn phi khng? Khng cn nghi ng g
na: Ngi khc s c x kh ging mt ci gng soi. Nu bn ci, h s
ci. Nu bn nhy mt, h cng nhy mt. Nu bn ni nh vi ging t nht,
h dng nh cng nht nho li vi bn. Nu bn ni to v hm h, h cng s
hm h li vi bn v h c v sinh ng v thoi mi hn ln.
Hy bn ang tng tc vi nhng ngi khc nh th no. Bn ang giao
tip vi ngi khc thay v tranh u vi chnh tt ni lp ca mnh. Bn khng
ch trao i li ni v tng m cn nh hng tm trng v cch hnh x ca
ngi khc. Bn khng cn phi ni lu lot t c iu . Tt c nhng
g bn cn phi lm l ni to ln, s dng ngn ng c ch, ci vui v, nhy
mt v th l xong!
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Nhng ngy vui v v nhng ngy bun chn

Bn hu nh thy rng vic ni lp lun dao ng t ngy ny sang ngy khc.
Ngy hm nay bn n ni kh tri chy nhng ngy hm sau bn li b ni lp
nng. Khng ai bit cch chnh xc v sao tt ni lp li dao ng t ngy ny
sang ngy khc nhng bn hu nh thy rng bn c khuynh hng ni lp hn
khi bn mt mi hay b bnh. Ti ng rng y l v khi bn mt mi hay b
bnh, bn c xu hng ni nh hn bnh thng v iu ny khin tt ni lp
ca bn d dng xy ra hn.
Hy khc ghi iu ny trong tm tr, ln ti nu bn gp phi mt ngy khng
vui no y, hy c gng tng m lng ging ni ca mnh ln. C th l tt
c nhng g bn cn bin mt ngy bun chn ca mnh thnh mt ngy vui
v!
Tham kho
Association, 1989
STRYDOM,
Jan.
Stuttering:
Helping
Your
Youngster
Overcome
it,
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Bi tp 23: Hy Ht!
Ngi ni lp s khng b ni lp khi h ht
Ngi ni lp s khng b ni lp khi h ht. V sao? C th l v vic ht h
khng c x l cng mt phn ca no b nh vic ni. Hoc c th v khi
bn ht, bn nhn mnh vo pht m v iu ny ngn cc dy thanh qun khp
cht.
Mt cch ti u tc th loi tr tt ni lp l hy ht c ngy. Bn c th ht
khi mua bnh rn trong ca tim bnh hay ht trong vn phng ca ngi gim
c qun l khi bn yu cu tng lng nhng ti ngh y khng phi l gii
php mang tnh thit thc.
Hy thm m nhc vo ging ni ca bn!
iu bn c th lm l hy thm m nhc vo ging ni ca bn. Nu bn lng
nghe k, bn s nhiu ngi xung quanh (v trong s h c nhng ngi
giao tip gii nht) thng thay i cao thp v ln ca ging khi h ni.
H nhn mnh vo vi m tit thu ht s ch ca ngi nghe. H cng
mun chng t h ang vui v v h cm thy thch th khi ni chuyn vi bn
b.
Hy cn thn lng nghe h ni chuyn nh th no v c gng bt chc h.
Ly v d, thay v ni: goodmorningandrew (cho Andrew) vi ging u u
t nht th bn c th ni: Andreeeeeeeew! Good morning! How are you doing
today? (Andreeeeeeew! Cho cu! Hm nay cu th no?)
Andrew s thy vui v c cho mt cch hm h, nhit thnh nh th. Hy
cch anh y p ng li ra sao. Anh ta thy vui khi nghe bn gi tn anh. iu
khin anh cm thy vui hn l cch bn nhn mnh tn anh bi vic ko di m
tit th hai. By gi khi bn khin Andrew cm thy vui v ri, cuc tr
chuyn vi anh s d dng hn v th gin hn. Bn s t b ni lp hn.
Hy luyn tp thm m nhc vo ging ni ca bn trong vi ngy v iu
khin cuc tr chuyn ca bn vi ngi khc sinh ng v thoi mi hn
nh th no. Vic ni chuyn s tr nn mt tri nghim th v hn v bn s
cm thy d chu hn trong mi quan h vi ngi khc.
Tham kho
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Association, 1989
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Bi tp 24: Hy Ngt Ging!

Ngt Ging v Ni Lp l hai vic khc nhau
Nu bn l ngi ni lp, bn hu nh ght ngt ging v n kh ging vi ni
lp. Nu bn cm thy mnh sp sa b ni lp, bn mun ni tht nhanh, cng
nhanh cng tt. Bn c cm gic rng nu bn ngt ging hay ngng ni, bn s
b ni lp.
Bn ngh rng ngt ging l k th ca bn. By gi, hy hc bin n thnh
ng minh ca mnh. Ngt ging s tr thnh ngi bn gip bn th gin v
ci thin vic giao tip vi ngi khc.
Ngt ging s gip bn lun trong t th kim sot. Nu bn ngt ging, bn s
kim sot c tnh hung. Nu bn khng ngt ging, ni lp s kim sot vic
ni ca bn.
Ngt ging s gip bn thu ht c s ch ca ngi nghe
Hy gi s rng bn mun ni chuyn vi Walt. Bn bit tt ni lp ang chc
ch u y v cm thy cn phi ni tht nhanh. Ni nhanh s khng gip ch
g cho bn. Bn c gng hng ngn ln trong qu kh v bn hon ton bit
rng n khng hiu qu.
Ti ngh bn nn th tip cn bng mt cch khc. Hy bt u s dng ngn
ng c ch thu ht s ch ca Walt. Ly v d, bn c th gi tay ln vy
hoc ch tr. Chng ta bn n cc ch li ca vic s dng ngn ng c ch
v bit rng l mt cch tt bt u cu chuyn. Mt khi bn chc rng
Walt sn sng lng nghe bn, bn c th ni: Walt ny! T c vic quan
trng mun ni vi cu! Hy Walt cng ngy cng ch n bn ra sao.
Anh y mun bit iu bn phi ni vi anh l g. By gi, hy tm ngng mt
cht. Bn bit Walt s khng i khi v cu y rt t m mun bit iu bn
nh ni l g. Ngng vi giy v xem Walt cng nn nao mun bit bn
nh ni g vi cu y ra sao. Bn khng cn phi ni n Walt lng nghe bn.
Walt ang ni n bn phi ni.
Hy tn dng s ngt ging khi bn k mt cu chuyn a. Mi khi bn ngt
ging, thnh gi ca bn s ch hn vo iu bn s ni. H ho hc ch i
im gt ca cu chuyn v c mi ln ngt ging cng lm tng thm s ho
hc y. Bn cng lm tng s ho hc ca h bao nhiu, h s cng ci
nghing ng by nhiu khi bn k n im gt. Hy mt n ngi nghe khi
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bn ngt ging. H s trn xoe mt nhn bn. H thch th vi iu khi bn

ngng ni mt cht v bn cng lm cu chuyn thm phn hp dn. H mm
ci vi bn sn sng ph ra ci to hn. Hy nhn h v vui hng cm
gic lm ch tnh hnh. Hy cm nhn bn ang giao tip bng li v khng li
mnh m th no i vi ngi nghe. Hy tn hng cm gic y v h
thng c Valsalva ca bn th gin ra sao.
Hy ni cch chm ri v bnh tnh
Ngi ni lp c xu hng ni nhanh hn ngi bnh thng. Ngi khng ni
lp thng mc sai lm khi cho rng ngi ni lp ni lp v h ni qu nhanh.
Ti ngh iu ny khng ng. Tht t cho thy khc hon ton: ngi ni lp
ni nhanh v h s h s ni lp v h c gng ni nhanh v h ang mc phi
mt yu t gy ra ni lp no y.
Ni chm dn s khng gip bn ngng ni lp nhng khi bn ni chm, iu
s gip bn d dng kim sot li ni ca mnh hn. Ngi nghe s tp trung
hn vo nhng g bn ni v bn cm thy thoi mi hn. iu y s gip bn
ci thin nhiu hn vic ni chuyn ca bn.
Tham kho
Association, 1989
Bi Tp S 24
Hy Ngt Ging!
Ngt Ging v Ni Lp l hai vic khc nhau
Nu bn l ngi ni lp, bn hu nh ght ngt ging v n kh ging vi ni
lp. Nu bn cm thy mnh sp sa b ni lp, bn mun ni tht nhanh, cng
nhanh cng tt. Bn c cm gic rng nu bn ngt ging hay ngng ni, bn s
b ni lp.
Bn ngh rng ngt ging l k th ca bn. By gi, hy hc bin n thnh
ng minh ca mnh. Ngt ging s tr thnh ngi bn gip bn th gin v
ci thin vic giao tip vi ngi khc.
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Phillip J. Roberts
Ngt ging s gip bn lun trong t th kim sot. Nu bn ngt ging, bn s

kim sot c tnh hung. Nu bn khng ngt ging, ni lp s kim sot vic
ni ca bn.
Ngt ging s gip bn thu ht c s ch ca ngi nghe
Hy gi s rng bn mun ni chuyn vi Walt. Bn bit tt ni lp ang chc
ch u y v cm thy cn phi ni tht nhanh. Ni nhanh s khng gip ch
g cho bn. Bn c gng hng ngn ln trong qu kh v bn hon ton bit
rng n khng hiu qu.
Ti ngh bn nn th tip cn bng mt cch khc. Hy bt u s dng ngn
ng c ch thu ht s ch ca Walt. Ly v d, bn c th gi tay ln vy
hoc ch tr. Chng ta bn n cc ch li ca vic s dng ngn ng c ch
v bit rng l mt cch tt bt u cu chuyn. Mt khi bn chc rng
Walt sn sng lng nghe bn, bn c th ni: Walt ny! T c vic quan
trng mun ni vi cu! Hy Walt cng ngy cng ch n bn ra sao.
Anh y mun bit iu bn phi ni vi anh l g. By gi, hy tm ngng mt
cht. Bn bit Walt s khng i khi v cu y rt t m mun bit iu bn
nh ni l g. Ngng vi giy v xem Walt cng nn nao mun bit bn
nh ni g vi cu y ra sao. Bn khng cn phi ni n Walt lng nghe bn.
Walt ang ni n bn phi ni.
Hy tn dng s ngt ging khi bn k mt cu chuyn a. Mi khi bn ngt
ging, thnh gi ca bn s ch hn vo iu bn s ni. H ho hc ch i
im gt ca cu chuyn v c mi ln ngt ging cng lm tng thm s ho
hc y. Bn cng lm tng s ho hc ca h bao nhiu, h s cng ci
nghing ng by nhiu khi bn k n im gt. Hy mt n ngi nghe khi
bn ngt ging. H s trn xoe mt nhn bn. H thch th vi iu khi bn
ngng ni mt cht v bn cng lm cu chuyn thm phn hp dn. H mm
ci vi bn sn sng ph ra ci to hn. Hy nhn h v vui hng cm
gic lm ch tnh hnh. Hy cm nhn bn ang giao tip bng li v khng li
mnh m th no i vi ngi nghe. Hy tn hng cm gic y v h
thng c Valsalva ca bn th gin ra sao.
Hy ni cch chm ri v bnh tnh
Ngi ni lp c xu hng ni nhanh hn ngi bnh thng. Ngi khng ni
lp thng mc sai lm khi cho rng ngi ni lp ni lp v h ni qu nhanh.
Ti ngh iu ny khng ng. Tht t cho thy khc hon ton: ngi ni lp
ni nhanh v h s h s ni lp v h c gng ni nhanh v h ang mc phi
mt yu t gy ra ni lp no y.
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Phillip J. Roberts
Ni chm dn s khng gip bn ngng ni lp nhng khi bn ni chm, iu

s gip bn d dng kim sot li ni ca mnh hn. Ngi nghe s tp trung
hn vo nhng g bn ni v bn cm thy thoi mi hn. iu y s gip bn
ci thin nhiu hn vic ni chuyn ca bn.
Tham kho
Association, 1989
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Bi tp 25: By T Cm Xc Ca Bn
Vng ln qun Adrenaline
Khi bn ni lp, bn hu nh c khuynh hng km ch khng ni. Bn c xu
hng trnh n vic ni bt c khi no bn cm thy mnh c th b ni lp.
iu ny c bit ng i vi lnh vc tnh cm. Ly th d, khi bn gin d,
bn mun che giu cm xc ca mnh hn v bn s khi m ming bn s b ni
lp.
Khi bn gin, cht adrenaline c tit vo trong mch mu. Adrenaline lun
c tit ra bt c khi no bn trong tnh hung hoc nh hoc chy v
tht hu ch khi bn i din vi ni e do no v n s sn xut ra sc chu
ng cn thit gip bn hoc chin u hoc b chy.
Cht Adrenaline s km hiu lc khi nguy him m bn ang i din khng i
hi phn ng ca thn th. V d, khi ai khin bn au kh. Tuy nhin, trong
trng hp ny, bn c th tiu th phn ln cht adrenaline bng cch t ra
gin d v ni ln ting. ti l ni tht to.
Nhng iu g xy ra khi bn khng tiu th ht cht adrenaline qua vic th
hin cn gin ca mnh? Cht y s tch t trong thn th v s gy ra mi loi
tc ng khng mong mun. V d, n c th lm cng c ca h thng
Valsalva
Ti ngh bn nm c vn : nu bn au bun v khng ni g ht v bn
s bn s ni lp, cht adrenaline s cht cha trong thn th bn. Cng nhiu
cht adrenaline tn ng trong thn th bn chng no th bn cng gp kh
khn trong vic ni chuyn chng y. Bn cng thy kh khn ni th no th
bn cng b cng thng th y. Cng nhiu cht adrenaline tch t trong thn th,
bn cng kh ni Chng ta s mc phi vng ln qun y: vng ln qun
adrenaline.
ng mc by
trnh b mc kt trong ci vng ln qun ny, bn nn tc th t cm xc ca
mnh cho ngi khc bit khi h lm bn gin v cho h bit rng bn s khng
h qua mt bn cch d dng. Ti khng c bn cn phi mng vo ai
lm bn bun phin. Chc chn bn cng khng cn xc phm thn mu ca
ngi hay nh vo mt ca ngi. Bn nn gi mnh trong nhng gii hn
m x hi chp nhn c trong bt k tnh tung no. Bn tht s khng mun
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b rc ri v iu ny c ngha l bn s khin cht adrenaline tit ra trong ngi

khc.
L tng nht l bn nn ni to ting hn bnh thng nhng phi bnh tnh v
dt khot. Bng cch ny, i phng s hiu rng h cn phi trnh lm bn
au bun ln na. Bi vic bnh tnh m quyt on, bn s ly li t tin v i
phng s tn trng bn. Khi bn s d dng ni chuyn cch tri chy.
D nhin khi bn trt cn gin vi quyt tm gi bnh tnh, hy chc rng bn
ang th gin h thng c Valsalva v th bng bng.
Tham kho
Association, 1989
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Comprehensive
Phillip J. Roberts
Bi Tp S 25
By T Cm Xc Ca Bn
Vng ln qun Adrenaline
Khi bn ni lp, bn hu nh c khuynh hng km ch khng ni. Bn c xu
hng trnh n vic ni bt c khi no bn cm thy mnh c th b ni lp.
iu ny c bit ng i vi lnh vc tnh cm. Ly th d, khi bn gin d,
bn mun che giu cm xc ca mnh hn v bn s khi m ming bn s b ni
lp.
Khi bn gin, cht adrenaline c tit vo trong mch mu. Adrenaline lun
c tit ra bt c khi no bn trong tnh hung hoc nh hoc chy v
tht hu ch khi bn i din vi ni e do no v n s sn xut ra sc chu
ng cn thit gip bn hoc chin u hoc b chy.
Cht Adrenaline s km hiu lc khi nguy him m bn ang i din khng i
hi phn ng ca thn th. V d, khi ai khin bn au kh. Tuy nhin, trong
trng hp ny, bn c th tiu th phn ln cht adrenaline bng cch t ra
gin d v ni ln ting. ti l ni tht to.
Nhng iu g xy ra khi bn khng tiu th ht cht adrenaline qua vic th
hin cn gin ca mnh? Cht y s tch t trong thn th v s gy ra mi loi
tc ng khng mong mun. V d, n c th lm cng c ca h thng
Valsalva
Ti ngh bn nm c vn : nu bn au bun v khng ni g ht v bn
s bn s ni lp, cht adrenaline s cht cha trong thn th bn. Cng nhiu
cht adrenaline tn ng trong thn th bn chng no th bn cng gp kh
khn trong vic ni chuyn chng y. Bn cng thy kh khn ni th no th
bn cng b cng thng th y. Cng nhiu cht adrenaline tch t trong thn th,
bn cng kh ni Chng ta s mc phi vng ln qun y: vng ln qun
adrenaline.
ng mc by
trnh b mc kt trong ci vng ln qun ny, bn nn tc th t cm xc ca
mnh cho ngi khc bit khi h lm bn gin v cho h bit rng bn s khng
h qua mt bn cch d dng. Ti khng c bn cn phi mng vo ai
lm bn bun phin. Chc chn bn cng khng cn xc phm thn mu ca
ngi hay nh vo mt ca ngi. Bn nn gi mnh trong nhng gii hn
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m x hi chp nhn c trong bt k tnh tung no. Bn tht s khng mun

b rc ri v iu ny c ngha l bn s khin cht adrenaline tit ra trong ngi
khc.
L tng nht l bn nn ni to ting hn bnh thng nhng phi bnh tnh v
dt khot. Bng cch ny, i phng s hiu rng h cn phi trnh lm bn
au bun ln na. Bi vic bnh tnh m quyt on, bn s ly li t tin v i
phng s tn trng bn. Khi bn s d dng ni chuyn cch tri chy.
D nhin khi bn trt cn gin vi quyt tm gi bnh tnh, hy chc rng bn
ang th gin h thng c Valsalva v th bng bng.
Tham kho
Association, 1989
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Bi tp 27: ng Km Nn Khng Ni
Ai ang thao thao lm nhm nhng iu v ngha v bn buc phi lng
nghe h. Bn rt bt bnh vi nhng g ngi ang ni. Bn mun ni ln
kin ca mnh nhng bn th im lng cn hn v bit rng nu m ming th
mnh s b ni lp. Bn c im lng v cm thy p lc bn trong ngy cng tng.
iu ny c v qu quen phi khng? y c l l mt trong nhng ni tht
vng ti t hn c m mt ngi ni lp c th gp phi.
Hy mnh dn ln ting!
Nhng khng nht thit phi im lng nh th: nu bn c iu g mun ni th
c vic ni! Bn c ni lp cng khng thnh vn . C ni ra! Ngi khc s
lng nghe bn thm ch khi bn b lp. C th h cm thy lng lng v s ni
lp ca bn nhng th sao no? Thm ch h hu nh cn lng tng hn vi s
ni nhm ca ngi kia.
Trc khi ln ting, hy ngt li ngi ang ni nhm y bng cch dng th
thut ging nh th thut c m t trong Bi 21 (Lm th no ngt li
ngi khc): Hy t tin v nh nh ln ting: Xin li John, t hiu quan
im ca cu nhng t khng tn thnh vi cu cht no. Hy s dng ngn
ng c ch t s bt ng ca bn v yu cu quyn c ln ting; hy nhn
thng vo mt ca ngi y. Hy chc rng bn bt ngi cng nh
nhng ngi nghe khc phi ch ri sau gii thch quan im ca bn cch
chm ri v y t tin.
Hy cm nhn s cng thng ang t t lng xung trong thn th bn. Thm
ch nu bn ni lp, bn cng cm thy vui v bn ang kim sot c cuc ni
chuyn. Bn c iu g cn ni v ngi khc hin ang lng nghe bn.
ng ch cho n khi mnh ni tri chy
Bn khng nn ch cho n chng bn ni tri chy th mi bt u ln ting v
ni nhng g bn mun ni. Cc bi tp trong sch ny s gip bn ni tri chy
ch khi bn ci m ngay lc ny. D bn vn cn ni cha lu lot, bn cng
nn tn dng mi c hi ni. Bn phi tri qua cc tnh hung ni chuyn
cng nhiu cng tt.
Mi khi bn c iu g cn ni hay cn hi, c mnh dn ln ting d bn
cm thy mnh sp ni lp.
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Bn tht s khng quan tm n vic mua bnh lc nc nhng ch t m mun

bit gi ca n. Hy gi nhng trang vng ra v gi n cng ty bn bnh lc
nc. C phi bn khng mun m cng ty m ch mun bit th tc thnh lp
cng ty nh th no phi khng? Hy gi n Phng Thng Mi tm hiu.
C phi bn ang hp v thnh lnh bn c mt sng kin tuyt vi lm cho
cng ty ca mnh thu c nhiu li nhun hn phi khng? C mnh dn ln
ting! ng nu bn b ni lp. Ngi ch ca bn hin nhin s quan tm
n vic thu li nhun nhiu hn v s thch th m lng nghe bn.
Hy quan tm n cng ng ca bn, mi bn b n dng ba tra hay i d
ngoi. Du bn c ni lp hay khng, bn cng s tr thnh ngi ci m v
quan tm n nhng hot ng x hi cng nhiu cng tt.
ng ch cho n khi bn ni tri chy. Hy lm iu ngay by gi! Hy i
ra v ni!
Bn khng cn phi ni tri chy mi tr thnh mt din gi gii. Tr nn lu
lot v tr thnh mt din gi gii l hai vic khc nhau. Mt ngi ni lu lot
c th qu bun chn v t nht n ni mi ngi s ght c cng ty ca ngi
. Tri li, mt ngi ni lp c th rt si ni v l mt din gi th v. Ngi
ni lp hon ton c th tr thnh ngi ni ting nht trong trng hc hay
trong s lm ca mnh.
Tham kho
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Bi tp S 27
Hy Lm Ch
By T Chnh Kin
Vo gi cm tra, bn chun b ra ngoi dng ba vi nhng ng nghip. H
ang quyt nh phi n nh hng no, bn ch lng nghe trong im lng v ch
i quyt nh ca h. Dng nh hu ht h mun n qun hamburger. Bn
mun n pizza nhng bn vn khng ni g ht v bit rng bn s b ngc ng
vi t pizza. Bn m thm hy vng h s thay i nh v cui cng quyt
nh n nh hng . D nhin l iu ny hu nh khng bao gi xy ra v bn
phi n mt trong nhng bnh hamburger ng ght ny.
Tnh hung trn c quen thuc vi bn khng? C th nhng khng nht thit
phi im lng nh th. Bn nn lun by t quan im ca mnh ngay c khi b
ni lp. C phi tt c nhng ng nghip ca bn mun n qun hamburger
khng? Hy bo h rng bnh pizza ngon hn nhiu v tt cho sc kho hn.
Hy thuyt phc h. Hy dng ht mi kh nng lm h thay i nh v
c th bn s thnh cng.
Mt khi bn ngi trong nh hng ri, hy bn s cm thy vui nh th
no. Bn thnh cng trong vic dt bn b ca mnh vo nh hng ny. Nu
bn khng ln ting, bn s phi n hamburger v khoai ty chin trong mt
qun hamburger xa n hai dy ph. H y v BN quyt nh. C th
bn ni lp t hi nhng nhng ng nghip ca bn khn ngoan hiu
rng p-p-p-p-pizza c ngha l pizza v bn qu thuyt phc n ni h t b
nh ban u ca mnh. Bn khng phi l ngi b b ri ch ch ngi khc
quyt nh. Bn c uy tn v bn ni ting. Bn ng vai tr dn u khi lp
quyt nh.
Mt tch c ph nh?
Trong nhng ngy ti, hy c gng l ngi dn u. Bn c th hng dn
ngi khc lm nhng vic v cng n gin. V d nu bn cn tip tc lm
vic vi mt ng nghip khc v mt d n marketing no , bn c th
ngh dng mt tch c ph trc khi bt u. Khi bn quan st ng nghip ca
mnh b tin xu vo my bn c ph t ng, hy ghi nh rng ngi ng
nghip y ng l v bn quyt nh nh vy. Bn s nhn ra rng mnh c
kh nng lnh o v nh hng ngi khc.
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Cuc sng bn khng phi l mi quan h n c vi tt ni lp. Cuc sng

ca bn hon ton tng tc c nhng ngi khc. Bn khng nn tp trung
vo tt ni lp ca mnh m hy tp trung vo mi quan h vi nhng ngi
khc. Bn nn tp trung vo vic hng ngi khc hnh ng. Bn nn by t
quan im ca mnh mi khi cn phi quyt nh iu g. Bng cch ny, bn s
gia tng lng t trng ca mnh v cm thy thoi mi hn vi ngi khc.
Tham kho
Association, 1989
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Comprehensive
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Bi tp 28: Cng Khai By T nh Giu Kn Ca Bn

Bn hu nh rng thnh thong gi v b ic cng c li. Nu ai yu
cu bn lm iu m bn khng mun lm, bn ch gi v nh khng nghe thy.
C nhn ti thng dng th thut ny khi v ti yu cu ti lm iu ti khng
mun v thng n lun c hiu qu. (Ti nh v ti c v sa quyn sch
ny v ti on c y s git ti mt khi c n nhng dng ny)
Cng vy, trong nhiu tnh hung ngi ni lp c th ra v nh mnh khng
th ni c. y l iu rt c ch khi ngi y c hi nhng cu hi gy
lng tng no . Ngi khc d dng b cuc sau khi bn khng tr li chng
nm, su ln lin tc. Ni lp tr thnh ci v bn dng bo v s ring t
ca mnh.
y khng phi l iu bn s d dng tha nhn v n xy ra cch v thc.
Bn khng c tnh quyt nh ni lp trnh tr li nhng cu hi gy lng
tng. Tim thc bn ngh rng y l iu ng n bo v bn.
Tr ngi chnh ca vic ny l n hng tim thc bn xem vic ni lp nh l
ng minh. Nu bn ch tm n lc tiu tr tt ni lp, tim thc ca bn s lm
iu ngc li. Do iu quan trng l bn phi hiu vic v tnh dng ni lp
bo v quyn li ca bn l th no. Nm ny qua nm khc, ni lp s tr
thnh li sng ca bn. Bn s quen dn vi vic sng mt cuc sng che y
c bo v bng li ni khng tri chy. Bn hc bit sng che y mt cch
thoi mi ng sau tt ni lp v bn c th mong i tim thc ca mnh s lm
tiu hu bt k n lc no kim sot tt ni lp ca bn.
Chc chn ri, bn ch tm mun t b ni lp. Nhng ng thi theo tim thc
bn cng s phi ni tri chy. Mt khi bn ni tri chy, bn phi ni v tr li
mi cu hi c t ra d n khin bn lng tng c no. Bn phi thay i
cch sng ca mnh v tr nn thn thin, ho ng hn. Bn phi ch ng
tham gia vo cuc ni chuyn. Ngi ta trng ch bn ln ting khi dng ba
tra hay ba ti vi bn b hoc ngi thn.
Hy c gng nh nhng tnh hung no bn c tnh ni lp. Tht khng d
nh li cht no v y khng phi l iu bn ch tm lm v y cng khng
phi l iu bn ly lm t ho g.
Bi tp ny s d dng hn nu bn rng nh li nhng tnh hung m bn
ni lp cch t hi nhng vn c xem l thun li cho bn. Trong nhng hon
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cnh nh th, tim thc ca bn hu nh lm mi th cn tr vic ni tri

chy. Hy ngh v n v tha nhn thi l tr con, v trch nhim v t
hu hoi mnh nh th no.
Bn nn kt c vi chnh mnh l s trnh c x nh th trong tng lai. Bn
l mt ngi c trch nhim v thn thin, bn khng th dng th thut ngu
ngc nh th c. Bn ang kim sot kh nng ni chuyn ca mnh bt k
tnh hung no. Bn khng th nhng nh thm kn ngn tr bn ln ting.
Tham kho
Association, 1989
The stuttering Foundation, Stuttering therapy: transfer and maintenace, 2002
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Bi tp 29: Trnh Ni Trnh

K Thut Ni Trnh
Khi mt ngi ni lp cm thy mnh sp b mc kt mt t no , ngi y
lun dng vi k thut ni trnh nh sau:
1) Ngi y s trnh ni ra t ng s bng cch thay t bng mt
t c ngha tng ng. T thay th ny thng l km chnh xc nhng
ngi cm thy ni ra t y th d dng hn nhiu.
2) Ngi c th ni iu g hon ton khc vi iu ngi mun ni t
ban u. Ly v d, ngi c th ni apple pie (bnh to) thay v
doughnut (bnh rn). Cui cng ngi cng tho hip vi chnh kin
ca mnh v ngi cm thy ch Republic (Cng Ho) d ni hn ch
Demorat (Dn Ch) hoc ngc li.
3) Ngi ni lp thng dng nhng t m bt u hay lp y
khong trng khi ni nh , , m, th Ngi ni lp cm
thy nhng t v ngha ny s gip h c mt khi u tri chy v ni
nhanh qua nhng t ng s.
Trong mt vi trng hp, nhng k thut ni trnh trn c th ngn vic ni
lp xut hin. Nhng trong hu ht mi tnh hung, nhng th thut ny t ra v
ch v khng hiu qu. Chng khng gip bn ngn vic ni lp. Hn th na,
bn cn phi tr gi t: s dng qu l nhng t m s khin ngi nghe tr
nn v cng kh chu, thm ch kh chu cn hn l nghe bn ni lp. V i
khi bn phi kt thc cu chuyn bng cch ni nhng iu hon ton khc vi
d nh ban u.
Trnh Dng K Thut Ni Trnh
Trong nhng ngy ti, bn phi ch cch bn dng k thut ni trnh trong
khi ni chuyn. Bn phi c gng trnh dng nhng k thut ny. C th bn
ngh rng vic t b dng cc th thut ni trnh s lm tng kh nng ni lp.
iu c th ng trong thi gian ngn.
Nhng trong thi gian di, vic trnh dng nhng k thut ni trnh s tht s
ci thin c vic ni chuyn ca bn. Qu tht, vic dng nhng k thut ni
trnh ny ng ngha vi vic bn phi b qua nhng t ng s. Mi khi bn
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gp mt t kh no , bn phi cc nhc ngh cch lm sao trnh n n. Lm

nh vy ch khin bn kit sc v cng thng. V nhng cng thng thm vo
ny s lm tng kh nng bn b ni lp.
Hn th, vic dng k thut ni trnh cn c xu hng lm tng ni s hi s
ni lp. V bn cng s s b ni lp bao nhiu, bn cng kh ni tri chy
by nhiu.
Bt c khi no bn c iu g mun ni, hy c gng ni thng ra m khng cn
trnh n hay thm vo nhng t v ngha. Hy c gng ht sc dng nhng
t thch hp nht thm ch nu bn cm thy bn s b mc kt vi mt t no
trong s chng. Hy nh rng th ni lp m ni ng t th vn lun tt hn
l ni tri chy m dng nhng t thay th km chnh xc khc. Bn khng nn
tho hip vi kin, quan im ca mnh v c phi ni tri chy. Hy ni
nhng g bn ngh ngay c khi bn phi lp tng t mt.
Hy ln danh sch nhng t ni trnh v loi b chng tng ci mt
Nhng t thay th v t m khng ch l k thut ni trnh c ngi ni lp
dng trnh ni lp. Ngi ni lp thng trnh nhng tnh hung ni chuyn
khi h thy kh ni hay hon li cuc in thoi no vi hy vng h s ni
tri chy hn trong tun l . Mi ngi ni lp l c nht v nh v bn c
th bit nhiu hn bt k ai khc iu bn cn lm trnh nhng t ng s v
nhng tnh hung ng s. Sut nhng ngy ti, hy ln danh sch nhng k
thut ni trnh m bn thng dng v c gng loi b chng tng ci mt.
Khi u T T
Mt vi ngi ni lp da qu nhiu vo k thut ni trnh n ni h thy tht
s khng th no tc th ngng s dng chng. Nu bn ri vo trng hp nh
th, bn nn loi b k thut ni trnh mt cch t t. C dng chng trong vi
trng hp m bn cm thy khng th no khng ni lp v khng th no
khng dng chng. Hy bt u trnh dng k thut ni trnh trong nhng
trng hp bn cm thy thoi mi hn. Mt khi bn c t tin rng k thut ni
trnh khng cn cn thit na trong nhng tnh hung d dng, hy c gng loi
b chng trong nhng tnh hung m bn thy kh khn hn.
Tham kho
MURRAY, Frederick P., A Stutterers story, Stuttering Foundation of America, 2001
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Bi tp 30: Chn Th Hin Thi Tch Cc

Ci!
Bn c rng nhng ngi t tin thng hay n n ci y t tin trn
khun mt h hay khng? Nu iu c ch cho h th n cng c ch cho bn
na.
Vic mm ci s khin cc c t b cng hn l gi nt mt nghim ngh. N
ci lm thn th v tm thn th thi, to s t tin v khin cuc tr chuyn
vi ngi khc thoi mi hn. Tt c nhng hiu qu tch cc ny s lm tng
kh nng ni tri chy ca bn.
Hy c gng mm ci cng nhiu cng tt. Mm ci vi ngi khc v vi
chnh mnh khi mnh mt mnh. Vic mm ci s thay i nhn thc ca bn
mt cch tch cc. Nu bn ci vi chnh mnh khi bn li xe v tnh c xe bn
b xp lp th ti khng mong i bn nhy ln vui sng nhng t ra bn cng
c cch nhn nhn t tiu cc hn v kinh nghim khng my d chu ny.
Tng t nh vy, vic mm ci s gip bn thay i s nhn thc ca bn v
ni lp. Nu bn tp thi quen mm ci khi bn giao tip vi ngi khc, bn
s t b tc ng v mt tnh cm hn khi bn v tnh ni lp. Thm ch bn cn
thy mnh mm ci cng vi nhng ngi nghe mt cch thoi mi v s ni
lp ca mnh.
Chn th hin t th quyt on
Hy c ng thng v ng vai v ng sau. T th ny s lm gia tng s t tin
ca bn v chc chn s lm thay i cch ngi khc nhn bn cng nh cch
bn nhn chnh mnh. Vic ng thng cng khin bn d dng ht th c hiu
qu v iu ny c tc ng tch cc trc tip ln vic ni tri chy ca bn.
Bn cng nn c gng bc i v c ng thn th nhanh hn mt cht. Bn
cng c ng nhanh chng no, bn cng tr nn ngi quyt on chng y.
Bn cng s khng c nhiu thi gian lo lng v tnh trng kh khn trong
vic ni chuyn hay tt ni lp ca mnh na.
Np sng kho mnh
Hn bn v thy rng vic ni lp thay i bt thng t ngy ny sang
ngy khc. Hm nay bn c th ni lp cch t hi nhng ngy mai bn c th
ni hon ton tri chy. Phn ln s thay i bt thng trong vic ni chuyn
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ny dng nh khng th on trc c nhng cng c vi iu c lin quan

n tnh trng sc kho ca bn. Chc chn rng bn s d b ni lp hn nu
bn b bnh, nu bn mt mi hay khng ng . Do hy chc rng bn c
mt np sng kho mnh:
1) Hy m bo rng bn ng gic v ng gi
2) Hy n nhng thc n b dng. Trnh n qu vt gia nhng ba n.
Hy c gng n ung ng gi gic mi ngy.
3) Hy m bo bn ung nc. No ca bn s khng hot ng tt nu
bn thiu nc v tnh trng ny s gia tng vic ni lp ca bn.
4) Hy m bo bn tp th dc . Vic luyn tp th dc s gip bn thy
bnh tnh hn, thoi mi hn v d chu hn.
ng Chn Ch
Trnh chn ch. Nu bn c vic g cn lm th hy lm ngay lc ny i! iu
ny s khin bn c cm gic rng mi th trong cuc sng bn lun trong vng
kim sot ca bn. Nu bn cm thy mi th u trong vng kim sot ca
mnh th bn s d dng kim sot c li ni ca mnh hn.
Nu bn cn gi in m hm bn khng kho lm, c l bn s mun hon
li cuc gi vo ngy khc vi hy vng khi y mnh s ni tri chy hn. iu
ny khng phi l phng cch hay. Cng ch i chng no, bn cng lo lng
chng ny. Bn t lm mnh ra cng thng v iu s lm tng kh nng ni
lp ca bn. Thay vo bn nn can m v nhanh chng nhc my in thoi
ln gi.
Tham kho
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Kt Lun
Chc mng bn! Bn i qua ht 30 bi tp trong sch ny v bn hu nh
thy c nhiu s tin b quan trng trong vic ni chuyn ca mnh. Nu bn
thy mnh c nhiu tin b m vn cn b ni lp th xin ng lo lng. iu ny
cng l chuyn bnh thng thi. C tip tc luyn tp mi bui sng v mi
bui ti. Nhng s tin b m bn kinh nghim c chng t bn ang i ng
hng. Ti ngh bn nn thc hnh li mt lt lot bi tp trn v m bo
rng bn hon ton nm vng ton b nhng k thut ny.
Nu tt ni lp ca bn gi y hon ton c khc phc th tht tuyt vi.
Nh gii thch trc trang 35, mc tiu cui cng ca liu php ny l gip
bn qun i bn l ngi ni lp. iu c th t c mt khi bn thay th
mi mt yu t trong tng bng tri ni lp bng nhng phn tng ng trong
tng bng tri ni tri chy. Nu bn tin chc rng tt ni lp ca mnh c
khc phc v nhng cch c x, s nhn thc hay cm gic c lin quan thay
i hon ton th ti ngh bn c gng qun i bn l ngi ni lp thy
iu g s xy ra. Nu iu khin bn b lp tr li, bn lun c th quay tr
li luyn tp nhng bi tp ny.
Nu bn cha thy c bt k s tin b no trong vic ni chuyn th ng b
cuc. Nhiu ngi dnh nhiu thi gian hn nhng ngi khc nm vng
nhng k thut mi ny. C tip tc luyn tp mi ngy trong vi thng. C
thong th luyn tp nhiu lt cho tt c nhng bi tp. Hy m bo rng bn
hon ton lm ch c tt c nhng k thut c m t trong quyn sch ny.
Trong tnh hung kh xy ra l bn vn tip tc tht bi trong vic ni chuyn,
bn c th th nhng loi liu php khc. Bn nn tm li khuyn ca mt
chuyn gia v ging ni v/hoc tm trn cc trang web nhng thng tin thm v
vn ni lp.
S phn hi
Trong bt k tnh hung no, ti cng mun nghe phn hi t bn. Xin c t
nhin lin h vi ti qua trang web http://www.stuttering.ch. Hy cho ti bit
bn ngh g v liu php ny v n gip ch cho bn ra sao trong vic khc
phc tt ni lp ca mnh. Ti lun trn trng nhng li bnh lun ca bn v s
cn nhc chng k lng khi ti bn ln th hai quyn sch ny.
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Bi Tp S 26
ng Km Nn Khng Ni
Ai ang thao thao lm nhm nhng iu v ngha v bn buc phi lng
nghe h. Bn rt bt bnh vi nhng g ngi ang ni. Bn mun ni ln
kin ca mnh nhng bn th im lng cn hn v bit rng nu m ming th
mnh s b ni lp. Bn c im lng v cm thy p lc bn trong ngy cng tng.
iu ny c v qu quen phi khng? y c l l mt trong nhng ni tht
vng ti t hn c m mt ngi ni lp c th gp phi.
Hy mnh dn ln ting!
Nhng khng nht thit phi im lng nh th: nu bn c iu g mun ni th
c vic ni! Bn c ni lp cng khng thnh vn . C ni ra! Ngi khc s
lng nghe bn thm ch khi bn b lp. C th h cm thy lng lng v s ni
lp ca bn nhng th sao no? Thm ch h hu nh cn lng tng hn vi s
ni nhm ca ngi kia.
Trc khi ln ting, hy ngt li ngi ang ni nhm y bng cch dng th
thut ging nh th thut c m t trong Bi 21 (Lm th no ngt li
ngi khc): Hy t tin v nh nh ln ting: Xin li John, t hiu quan
im ca cu nhng t khng tn thnh vi cu cht no. Hy s dng ngn
ng c ch t s bt ng ca bn v yu cu quyn c ln ting; hy nhn
thng vo mt ca ngi y. Hy chc rng bn bt ngi cng nh
nhng ngi nghe khc phi ch ri sau gii thch quan im ca bn cch
chm ri v y t tin.
Hy cm nhn s cng thng ang t t lng xung trong thn th bn. Thm
ch nu bn ni lp, bn cng cm thy vui v bn ang kim sot c cuc ni
chuyn. Bn c iu g cn ni v ngi khc hin ang lng nghe bn.
ng ch cho n khi mnh ni tri chy
Bn khng nn ch cho n chng bn ni tri chy th mi bt u ln ting v
ni nhng g bn mun ni. Cc bi tp trong sch ny s gip bn ni tri chy
ch khi bn ci m ngay lc ny. D bn vn cn ni cha lu lot, bn cng
nn tn dng mi c hi ni. Bn phi tri qua cc tnh hung ni chuyn
cng nhiu cng tt.
Mi khi bn c iu g cn ni hay cn hi, c mnh dn ln ting d bn
cm thy mnh sp ni lp.
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Bn tht s khng quan tm n vic mua bnh lc nc nhng ch t m mun

bit gi ca n. Hy gi nhng trang vng ra v gi n cng ty bn bnh lc
nc. C phi bn khng mun m cng ty m ch mun bit th tc thnh lp
cng ty nh th no phi khng? Hy gi n Phng Thng Mi tm hiu.
C phi bn ang hp v thnh lnh bn c mt sng kin tuyt vi lm cho
cng ty ca mnh thu c nhiu li nhun hn phi khng? C mnh dn ln
ting! ng nu bn b ni lp. Ngi ch ca bn hin nhin s quan tm
n vic thu li nhun nhiu hn v s thch th m lng nghe bn.
Hy quan tm n cng ng ca bn, mi bn b n dng ba tra hay i d
ngoi. Du bn c ni lp hay khng, bn cng s tr thnh ngi ci m v
quan tm n nhng hot ng x hi cng nhiu cng tt.
ng ch cho n khi bn ni tri chy. Hy lm iu ngay by gi! Hy i
ra v ni!
Bn khng cn phi ni tri chy mi tr thnh mt din gi gii. Tr nn lu
lot v tr thnh mt din gi gii l hai vic khc nhau. Mt ngi ni lu lot
c th qu bun chn v t nht n ni mi ngi s ght c cng ty ca ngi
. Tri li, mt ngi ni lp c th rt si ni v l mt din gi th v. Ngi
ni lp hon ton c th tr thnh ngi ni ting nht trong trng hc hay
trong s lm ca mnh.
Tham kho
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Bi tp S 27
Hy Lm Ch
By T Chnh Kin
Vo gi cm tra, bn chun b ra ngoi dng ba vi nhng ng nghip. H
ang quyt nh phi n nh hng no, bn ch lng nghe trong im lng v ch
i quyt nh ca h. Dng nh hu ht h mun n qun hamburger. Bn
mun n pizza nhng bn vn khng ni g ht v bit rng bn s b ngc ng
vi t pizza. Bn m thm hy vng h s thay i nh v cui cng quyt
nh n nh hng . D nhin l iu ny hu nh khng bao gi xy ra v bn
phi n mt trong nhng bnh hamburger ng ght ny.
Tnh hung trn c quen thuc vi bn khng? C th nhng khng nht thit
phi im lng nh th. Bn nn lun by t quan im ca mnh ngay c khi b
ni lp. C phi tt c nhng ng nghip ca bn mun n qun hamburger
khng? Hy bo h rng bnh pizza ngon hn nhiu v tt cho sc kho hn.
Hy thuyt phc h. Hy dng ht mi kh nng lm h thay i nh v
c th bn s thnh cng.
Mt khi bn ngi trong nh hng ri, hy bn s cm thy vui nh th
no. Bn thnh cng trong vic dt bn b ca mnh vo nh hng ny. Nu
bn khng ln ting, bn s phi n hamburger v khoai ty chin trong mt
qun hamburger xa n hai dy ph. H y v BN quyt nh. C th
bn ni lp t hi nhng nhng ng nghip ca bn khn ngoan hiu
rng p-p-p-p-pizza c ngha l pizza v bn qu thuyt phc n ni h t b
nh ban u ca mnh. Bn khng phi l ngi b b ri ch ch ngi khc
quyt nh. Bn c uy tn v bn ni ting. Bn ng vai tr dn u khi lp
quyt nh.
Mt tch c ph nh?
Trong nhng ngy ti, hy c gng l ngi dn u. Bn c th hng dn
ngi khc lm nhng vic v cng n gin. V d nu bn cn tip tc lm
vic vi mt ng nghip khc v mt d n marketing no , bn c th
ngh dng mt tch c ph trc khi bt u. Khi bn quan st ng nghip ca
mnh b tin xu vo my bn c ph t ng, hy ghi nh rng ngi ng
nghip y ng l v bn quyt nh nh vy. Bn s nhn ra rng mnh c
kh nng lnh o v nh hng ngi khc.
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Cuc sng bn khng phi l mi quan h n c vi tt ni lp. Cuc sng

ca bn hon ton tng tc c nhng ngi khc. Bn khng nn tp trung
vo tt ni lp ca mnh m hy tp trung vo mi quan h vi nhng ngi
khc. Bn nn tp trung vo vic hng ngi khc hnh ng. Bn nn by t
quan im ca mnh mi khi cn phi quyt nh iu g. Bng cch ny, bn s
gia tng lng t trng ca mnh v cm thy thoi mi hn vi ngi khc.
Tham kho
Association, 1989
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Bi Tp S 28
Cng Khai By T nh Giu Kn Ca

Bn
Bn hu nh rng thnh thong gi v b ic cng c li. Nu ai yu
cu bn lm iu m bn khng mun lm, bn ch gi v nh khng nghe thy.
C nhn ti thng dng th thut ny khi v ti yu cu ti lm iu ti khng
mun v thng n lun c hiu qu. (Ti nh v ti c v sa quyn sch
ny v ti on c y s git ti mt khi c n nhng dng ny)
Cng vy, trong nhiu tnh hung ngi ni lp c th ra v nh mnh khng
th ni c. y l iu rt c ch khi ngi y c hi nhng cu hi gy
lng tng no . Ngi khc d dng b cuc sau khi bn khng tr li chng
nm, su ln lin tc. Ni lp tr thnh ci v bn dng bo v s ring t
ca mnh.
y khng phi l iu bn s d dng tha nhn v n xy ra cch v thc.
Bn khng c tnh quyt nh ni lp trnh tr li nhng cu hi gy lng
tng. Tim thc bn ngh rng y l iu ng n bo v bn.
Tr ngi chnh ca vic ny l n hng tim thc bn xem vic ni lp nh l
ng minh. Nu bn ch tm n lc tiu tr tt ni lp, tim thc ca bn s lm
iu ngc li. Do iu quan trng l bn phi hiu vic v tnh dng ni lp
bo v quyn li ca bn l th no. Nm ny qua nm khc, ni lp s tr
thnh li sng ca bn. Bn s quen dn vi vic sng mt cuc sng che y
c bo v bng li ni khng tri chy. Bn hc bit sng che y mt cch
thoi mi ng sau tt ni lp v bn c th mong i tim thc ca mnh s lm
tiu hu bt k n lc no kim sot tt ni lp ca bn.
Chc chn ri, bn ch tm mun t b ni lp. Nhng ng thi theo tim thc
bn cng s phi ni tri chy. Mt khi bn ni tri chy, bn phi ni v tr li
mi cu hi c t ra d n khin bn lng tng c no. Bn phi thay i
cch sng ca mnh v tr nn thn thin, ho ng hn. Bn phi ch ng
tham gia vo cuc ni chuyn. Ngi ta trng ch bn ln ting khi dng ba
tra hay ba ti vi bn b hoc ngi thn.
Hy c gng nh nhng tnh hung no bn c tnh ni lp. Tht khng d
nh li cht no v y khng phi l iu bn ch tm lm v y cng khng
phi l iu bn ly lm t ho g.
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Bi tp ny s d dng hn nu bn rng nh li nhng tnh hung m bn

ni lp cch t hi nhng vn c xem l thun li cho bn. Trong nhng hon
cnh nh th, tim thc ca bn hu nh lm mi th cn tr vic ni tri
chy. Hy ngh v n v tha nhn thi l tr con, v trch nhim v t
hu hoi mnh nh th no.
Bn nn kt c vi chnh mnh l s trnh c x nh th trong tng lai. Bn
l mt ngi c trch nhim v thn thin, bn khng th dng th thut ngu
ngc nh th c. Bn ang kim sot kh nng ni chuyn ca mnh bt k
tnh hung no. Bn khng th nhng nh thm kn ngn tr bn ln ting.
Tham kho
Association, 1989
The stuttering Foundation, Stuttering therapy: transfer and maintenace, 2002
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Bi Tp S 29
Trnh Ni Trnh
K Thut Ni Trnh
Khi mt ngi ni lp cm thy mnh sp b mc kt mt t no , ngi y
lun dng vi k thut ni trnh nh sau:
1) Ngi y s trnh ni ra t ng s bng cch thay t bng mt
t c ngha tng ng. T thay th ny thng l km chnh xc nhng
ngi cm thy ni ra t y th d dng hn nhiu.
2) Ngi c th ni iu g hon ton khc vi iu ngi mun ni t
ban u. Ly v d, ngi c th ni apple pie (bnh to) thay v
doughnut (bnh rn). Cui cng ngi cng tho hip vi chnh kin
ca mnh v ngi cm thy ch Republic (Cng Ho) d ni hn ch
Demorat (Dn Ch) hoc ngc li.
3) Ngi ni lp thng dng nhng t m bt u hay lp y
khong trng khi ni nh , , m, th Ngi ni lp cm
thy nhng t v ngha ny s gip h c mt khi u tri chy v ni
nhanh qua nhng t ng s.
Trong mt vi trng hp, nhng k thut ni trnh trn c th ngn vic ni
lp xut hin. Nhng trong hu ht mi tnh hung, nhng th thut ny t ra v
ch v khng hiu qu. Chng khng gip bn ngn vic ni lp. Hn th na,
bn cn phi tr gi t: s dng qu l nhng t m s khin ngi nghe tr
nn v cng kh chu, thm ch kh chu cn hn l nghe bn ni lp. V i
khi bn phi kt thc cu chuyn bng cch ni nhng iu hon ton khc vi
d nh ban u.
Trnh Dng K Thut Ni Trnh
Trong nhng ngy ti, bn phi ch cch bn dng k thut ni trnh trong
khi ni chuyn. Bn phi c gng trnh dng nhng k thut ny. C th bn
ngh rng vic t b dng cc th thut ni trnh s lm tng kh nng ni lp.
iu c th ng trong thi gian ngn.
Nhng trong thi gian di, vic trnh dng nhng k thut ni trnh s tht s
ci thin c vic ni chuyn ca bn. Qu tht, vic dng nhng k thut ni
trnh ny ng ngha vi vic bn phi b qua nhng t ng s. Mi khi bn
Trang 100

Stuttering Therapy
Comprehensive
Phillip J. Roberts
gp mt t kh no , bn phi cc nhc ngh cch lm sao trnh n n. Lm

nh vy ch khin bn kit sc v cng thng. V nhng cng thng thm vo
ny s lm tng kh nng bn b ni lp.
Hn th, vic dng k thut ni trnh cn c xu hng lm tng ni s hi s
ni lp. V bn cng s s b ni lp bao nhiu, bn cng kh ni tri chy
by nhiu.
Bt c khi no bn c iu g mun ni, hy c gng ni thng ra m khng cn
trnh n hay thm vo nhng t v ngha. Hy c gng ht sc dng nhng
t thch hp nht thm ch nu bn cm thy bn s b mc kt vi mt t no
trong s chng. Hy nh rng th ni lp m ni ng t th vn lun tt hn
l ni tri chy m dng nhng t thay th km chnh xc khc. Bn khng nn
tho hip vi kin, quan im ca mnh v c phi ni tri chy. Hy ni
nhng g bn ngh ngay c khi bn phi lp tng t mt.
Hy ln danh sch nhng t ni trnh v loi b chng tng ci mt
Nhng t thay th v t m khng ch l k thut ni trnh c ngi ni lp
dng trnh ni lp. Ngi ni lp thng trnh nhng tnh hung ni chuyn
khi h thy kh ni hay hon li cuc in thoi no vi hy vng h s ni
tri chy hn trong tun l . Mi ngi ni lp l c nht v nh v bn c
th bit nhiu hn bt k ai khc iu bn cn lm trnh nhng t ng s v
nhng tnh hung ng s. Sut nhng ngy ti, hy ln danh sch nhng k
thut ni trnh m bn thng dng v c gng loi b chng tng ci mt.
Khi u T T
Mt vi ngi ni lp da qu nhiu vo k thut ni trnh n ni h thy tht
s khng th no tc th ngng s dng chng. Nu bn ri vo trng hp nh
th, bn nn loi b k thut ni trnh mt cch t t. C dng chng trong vi
trng hp m bn cm thy khng th no khng ni lp v khng th no
khng dng chng. Hy bt u trnh dng k thut ni trnh trong nhng
trng hp bn cm thy thoi mi hn. Mt khi bn c t tin rng k thut ni
trnh khng cn cn thit na trong nhng tnh hung d dng, hy c gng loi
b chng trong nhng tnh hung m bn thy kh khn hn.
Tham kho
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Stuttering Therapy
Comprehensive
Phillip J. Roberts
Bi Tp S 30:
Chn Th Hin Thi Tch Cc

Ci!
Bn c rng nhng ngi t tin thng hay n n ci y t tin trn
khun mt h hay khng? Nu iu c ch cho h th n cng c ch cho bn
na.
Vic mm ci s khin cc c t b cng hn l gi nt mt nghim ngh. N
ci lm thn th v tm thn th thi, to s t tin v khin cuc tr chuyn
vi ngi khc thoi mi hn. Tt c nhng hiu qu tch cc ny s lm tng
kh nng ni tri chy ca bn.
Hy c gng mm ci cng nhiu cng tt. Mm ci vi ngi khc v vi
chnh mnh khi mnh mt mnh. Vic mm ci s thay i nhn thc ca bn
mt cch tch cc. Nu bn ci vi chnh mnh khi bn li xe v tnh c xe bn
b xp lp th ti khng mong i bn nhy ln vui sng nhng t ra bn cng
c cch nhn nhn t tiu cc hn v kinh nghim khng my d chu ny.
Tng t nh vy, vic mm ci s gip bn thay i s nhn thc ca bn v
ni lp. Nu bn tp thi quen mm ci khi bn giao tip vi ngi khc, bn
s t b tc ng v mt tnh cm hn khi bn v tnh ni lp. Thm ch bn cn
thy mnh mm ci cng vi nhng ngi nghe mt cch thoi mi v s ni
lp ca mnh.
Chn th hin t th quyt on
Hy c ng thng v ng vai v ng sau. T th ny s lm gia tng s t tin
ca bn v chc chn s lm thay i cch ngi khc nhn bn cng nh cch
bn nhn chnh mnh. Vic ng thng cng khin bn d dng ht th c hiu
qu v iu ny c tc ng tch cc trc tip ln vic ni tri chy ca bn.
Bn cng nn c gng bc i v c ng thn th nhanh hn mt cht. Bn
cng c ng nhanh chng no, bn cng tr nn ngi quyt on chng y.
Bn cng s khng c nhiu thi gian lo lng v tnh trng kh khn trong
vic ni chuyn hay tt ni lp ca mnh na.
Np sng kho mnh
Hn bn v thy rng vic ni lp thay i bt thng t ngy ny sang
ngy khc. Hm nay bn c th ni lp cch t hi nhng ngy mai bn c th
ni hon ton tri chy. Phn ln s thay i bt thng trong vic ni chuyn
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Stuttering Therapy
Comprehensive
Phillip J. Roberts
ny dng nh khng th on trc c nhng cng c vi iu c lin quan

n tnh trng sc kho ca bn. Chc chn rng bn s d b ni lp hn nu
bn b bnh, nu bn mt mi hay khng ng . Do hy chc rng bn c
mt np sng kho mnh:
1) Hy m bo rng bn ng gic v ng gi
2) Hy n nhng thc n b dng. Trnh n qu vt gia nhng ba n.
Hy c gng n ung ng gi gic mi ngy.
3) Hy m bo bn ung nc. No ca bn s khng hot ng tt nu
bn thiu nc v tnh trng ny s gia tng vic ni lp ca bn.
4) Hy m bo bn tp th dc . Vic luyn tp th dc s gip bn thy
bnh tnh hn, thoi mi hn v d chu hn.
ng Chn Ch
Trnh chn ch. Nu bn c vic g cn lm th hy lm ngay lc ny i! iu
ny s khin bn c cm gic rng mi th trong cuc sng bn lun trong vng
kim sot ca bn. Nu bn cm thy mi th u trong vng kim sot ca
mnh th bn s d dng kim sot c li ni ca mnh hn.
Nu bn cn gi in m hm bn khng kho lm, c l bn s mun hon
li cuc gi vo ngy khc vi hy vng khi y mnh s ni tri chy hn. iu
ny khng phi l phng cch hay. Cng ch i chng no, bn cng lo lng
chng ny. Bn t lm mnh ra cng thng v iu s lm tng kh nng ni
lp ca bn. Thay vo bn nn can m v nhanh chng nhc my in thoi
ln gi.
Tham kho
Trang 103

Stuttering Therapy
Comprehensive
Phillip J. Roberts
Kt Lun
Chc mng bn! Bn i qua ht 30 bi tp trong sch ny v bn hu nh
thy c nhiu s tin b quan trng trong vic ni chuyn ca mnh. Nu bn
thy mnh c nhiu tin b m vn cn b ni lp th xin ng lo lng. iu ny
cng l chuyn bnh thng thi. C tip tc luyn tp mi bui sng v mi
bui ti. Nhng s tin b m bn kinh nghim c chng t bn ang i ng
hng. Ti ngh bn nn thc hnh li mt lt lot bi tp trn v m bo
rng bn hon ton nm vng ton b nhng k thut ny.
Nu tt ni lp ca bn gi y hon ton c khc phc th tht tuyt vi.
Nh gii thch trc trang 35, mc tiu cui cng ca liu php ny l gip
bn qun i bn l ngi ni lp. iu c th t c mt khi bn thay th
mi mt yu t trong tng bng tri ni lp bng nhng phn tng ng trong
tng bng tri ni tri chy. Nu bn tin chc rng tt ni lp ca mnh c
khc phc v nhng cch c x, s nhn thc hay cm gic c lin quan thay
i hon ton th ti ngh bn c gng qun i bn l ngi ni lp thy
iu g s xy ra. Nu iu khin bn b lp tr li, bn lun c th quay tr
li luyn tp nhng bi tp ny.
Nu bn cha thy c bt k s tin b no trong vic ni chuyn th ng b
cuc. Nhiu ngi dnh nhiu thi gian hn nhng ngi khc nm vng
nhng k thut mi ny. C tip tc luyn tp mi ngy trong vi thng. C
thong th luyn tp nhiu lt cho tt c nhng bi tp. Hy m bo rng bn
hon ton lm ch c tt c nhng k thut c m t trong quyn sch ny.
Trong tnh hung kh xy ra l bn vn tip tc tht bi trong vic ni chuyn,
bn c th th nhng loi liu php khc. Bn nn tm li khuyn ca mt
chuyn gia v ging ni v/hoc tm trn cc trang web nhng thng tin thm v
vn ni lp.
S phn hi
Trong bt k tnh hung no, ti cng mun nghe phn hi t bn. Xin c t
nhin lin h vi ti qua trang web http://www.stuttering.ch. Hy cho ti bit
bn ngh g v liu php ny v n gip ch cho bn ra sao trong vic khc
phc tt ni lp ca mnh. Ti lun trn trng nhng li bnh lun ca bn v s
cn nhc chng k lng khi ti bn ln th hai quyn sch ny.
Trang 104

Phuong Phap Chua Noi Lap Toan Dien

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Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Phn hi ca Echo Vit Nam

Trng Minh S Nhin

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

tr n. C l bn tham kho nhiu bin php nhng khng c phng php

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Chng 1: Tng Bng Tri Ni Lp

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Tng bng tri ni lp

S cng c ca h thng Valsalva:

iu ny s c m t chi tit trong chng sau.

Nhng kiu th bt bnh thng:

Ngi ni lp thng c nhng kiu th khc thng v gp kh khn trong

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

V phng din thc, r rng hu ht ngi ni lp u c ao h c th ni

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Bi tp 2: Th lng Trc Trng Ca Bn

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

th lng v m ra th no. Cng hy lu s gin c y cng s truyn ln n

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Bi tp 4: Ch Gy Ra Hiu ng Valsalva Khi Khng Cn

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Khi bn li xe, hy m bo rng h thng c Valsalva ca bn lun c th

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Bi tp 5: Thay i Cch Thn Th Bn Phn ng Vi

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

PARRY, William D., Understanding & Controlling Stuttering, A Comprehensive New

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Bi tp 6: Thay i Cch Bn Hiu V Li Ni

Trng chng 2, chng ti gi rng mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy ra

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

(nh trong t cat)

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

(nh trong t thank)

S khc nhau gia ph m v thanh v ph m hu thanh l: dy thanh qun

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

g cng (nh trong t guy)

Ghi ch: h khng c ph m hu thanh tng ng

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

5. Hy chc rng bn khng ni qu nhanh v nh th n s gy ra hin tng

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Hy chc rng bn khng nn th trc khi bn bt u th ra v khng ngng

(Nhng du chm . tng trng cho khng kh bn th ra trc khi bn pht

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

KEHOE, Thomas David, Overcoming Stuttering in 6 months, A Multifactorial Giude To

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

tp trung vo vic pht m. Bi ht ru humpty Dumpty by gi s c pht m

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

di m tit khin li ni ca bn nghe khng c t nhin nhng bn v thnh

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Bi tp 10: K thut Demosthenes

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

Trong bi tp ny, bn s c hng dn ni to tng m v tng t. Bn

Phng php cha ni lp ton din

nhiu gi trong ngy. Ngi y m hi v cm thy au chn. Hn l