Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation A. Relative Atomic Mass (RAM) and Relative Molecular Mass (RMM) 1. Relative Atomic Mass of an element, A; 2. Example: Relative Atomic Mass, Av for (J Cc =12 (i) O =16 (i) Mg = 24 Activity 1: Find the Relative Atomic Mass of these elements. Element Relative Atomic Element Relative Atomic Mass Mass Calcium, Ca 40 Bromine, Br 80 Sodium, Na 23 Silver, Ag 108 Iron, Fe 56 Caesium, Cs 133 Copper, Cu 64 Lead, Pb Carbon, C 12 Chlorine, Cl Hydrogen, H a Fluorine, F Potassium, K 39) Aluminium, Al Lithium, Li 7 Zinc, Zn 2. Relative Molecular Mass of a substance, M; Activity 2: Find the Relative Molecular Mass of this molecule. Molecule No. of atom | Relative Atomic Relative in molecule Mass Molecular Mass Water, H20 Q(1) + 1(16) = 18 Carbon Dioxide, CO2 Oxygen Gas, Op ‘Ammonia, NHs N= T(12) + B16) = 44 2(16) = 32 1(14) + 3(1) =17 Page 52 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation 3. Relative Formula Mass, F, Activity 3: Find the Relative Formula Mass of this substance. Ionic Compound No. of atom Relative Relative Formula inionic | Atomic Mass Mass substance Magnesium Oxide, MgO Mg=1 Mg=24 124) * 1(16)= 40 O=1 0=16 Sodium Chloride, NaCI Na=1 Na=23 1(23) + 135.5) = Cll 58 Hydrated copperiti) 64+ 32 + 4(16) sulphate, CuSOs.5H.0 + 5(2(1) + 16] =250 Hydrated sodium 2(23) + 1(12) + 3(16) carbonate, NaxCO3.10H20 + 10[18] =286 HO = 18 [RAM : C=12, Cl=35.5, Cu=64, H=1, Mg=24, Na=23, O=16, S=32] Exercise 1: Calculate the Relative Mass (M- and F,) for compound below. Substance Molecular formula Relative molecular mass, M, Bromine gas Bro 2(80) =160 Methane CHy 1(12)+4(1) =16 Propane CsHs 3(12) + 8(1) = 44 Ethanol ‘C2HsOH 2(12) + 5(1) + 16+ 1=46 Glucose CoHi206 6(12) + 12(1) + 6(16} = 180 Aluminium sulphate ‘AL(SO4)s 2(27) + 3[32 +4(16)] or 2(27) + 3(32) + 12(16) = 342 Zinc nitrate Zn(NOs)2 65 + 2[14 + 3(16)|=189 Aluminium nitrate AI(NOs}s 27 + 3/14 + 3(16)=213 Calcium carbonate CaCOs 40 +12 + 3(16) = 100 Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH). 40+ 2(16 +1) = 74 ‘Sodium hydrogen NaHSOs 23 + 1 +32 + 4(16) = 120 sulphate Aluminium chloride AICls 27 + 3(35.5) = 133.5 Copper(I]) sulphate Cuso, 64 + 32 + 4(16) = 160 Zinc carbonate ZnCOs 65 + 12 + 3(16) = 125 Potassium carbonate K2COs 2(39) + 12 + 3(16) = 138 [Relative atomic mas: Al= 27; S=32; Ca= 40; Ni ; K=39 ; Cu=64 ; Zn=t 5; Cl=35.5; Page 53 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation B. The Mole and the Number of Particles 4. This mean: * 1 mol of atomic substance contains ...6.02 X 10%... toms. * 1 mol of molecular substance contains ...6.02 X 102°... molecules * 1 mol of ionic substance contains . formula units 02 X 10 7. Example 1 (a) Given 9.03 x 10% atoms of hydrogen. Calculate the a) moles of hydrogen atoms b) moles of hydrogen molecules 9.03 X 1020 No of Moles = 9.03 X 1020 6.02 X 1028 6.02 X 10%X 2 1.5 x 10° mol No of moles 7.5 x 104 mol ‘Try this : 1. Given 4.214 x 10% atoms nitrogen, N2. Calculate the a) moles of nitrogen atoms b) moles of nitrogen molecules No of moles = 4.214 x 1024 No of moles = 4.214 x 1024 6.02 X 107% 6.02 X 10% X 2 =7 mol 3.5 mol 8. Example 2 (a) Given 0.2 mol of oxygen gas. Calculate the Number of oxygen molecules. ‘The formula: No. Of Mole = No. Of Particles (Molecules) / Na ‘Then changed the formula No. Of Particles (Molecules) = No. Of Mole X Na = 0.2 X 6.02 X 102 = 1.204 x 10 molecules (b) From question (a), calculate the Number of oxygen atoms. 1 molecule oxygen contains 2 atom oxygen, then No. Of Particles (Atom) = No. Of Mole X Na X no, Of oxygen = 0.2 X 6.02 X 10%X2 = 2.408 x 10% atom Page 54 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation Try this : Given 0.2 mol of chlorine gas, Cl . Calculate the (a) Number of chlorine molecules no. of .p = mol x Na = 0.2 x 6.02 X10 = 1.204 x 10° molecules Activity 4: Solve the question below. 1. Given 2.709 x 102° molecules of bromine. a) moles of bromine molecules mol = no. of .p / Na = 2.709 x 10% x2 = 5.418X10% atoms (b] Number of chlorine atoms. no. of .p = mol x Na = 0.2 x 6.02 X10" X 2 = 2.408 x 102° atom . Calculate the b) number of bromine atoms mol = no. of .p / Na = 2.709 x 10 / 6.02 X10? = 45 mol 2. Given 1.204 x 102° molecules of carbon dioxide, CO2. Calculate the a) moles of carbon dioxide molecules mol = no. of .p / Na = 1.204 x 10% / 6.02 X10 = 200 mol C. The Moles and Mass of Substances 6. Example: Calculate the number of moles [RAM Mg : 24] number of moles magnesium = mass / mol 1.2 / 24 = 0.05 mol Try this I! b) moles of oxygen atoms mol = no. of .p / Na = 2X [1.204 x 10% / 6.02 X10] = 400 mol contain in 1.2 g of magnesium, lar mass Calculate the number of moles contain in 10 g of calcium. [RAM Ca: 40] number of moles = mass / molar mass = 10/40 = 0.25 mol Page 55 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation Activity 5: Calculate the mass in gram for a). 5 mol iron atoms [RAM Fe : 56] b). 0.2 mol of air molecules, H20. number of moles = mass/ molar mass | [RAM H=1, O= 16] number of moles= mass/molar mass mass = number of moles X molar mass = number of moles X molar mass mass X=5X56 X =0.2 X18 X = 280 g 6 g c). 4.5 mol of calcium carbonate, CaCOs. [RAM Ca=40, C=12, O= 16] number of moles = mass/ molar mass mass = number of moles X molar mass X=4.5 X 100 X=450¢ D The Moles and Volume of Gas 3. The molar volume of any gas is © 24 dm at ...r00m temperature// room condition. or © 22.4 dm at_...standard temperature and pressure... 8, Example 1: Calculate the number of moles of 2 dm* oxygen gas at STP. [Molar volume gas at STP is 22.4 dm* mol'] Number of moles = 2 22.4 0.089 mol Example 2: Calculate the number of moles of 48 dm* of chlorine gas at room condition, [Molar volume gas at room condition is 24 dm? mol] Number of moles = _48 24 = 2 mol. Page 56 | Adura Adlin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation Example 3: Calculate the number of moles of 560 cm* of carbon dioxide at STP. First, convert 560 cm to dm® = 560/ 1000 = Then = 0.56 22.4 Number of moles. = 0.025 mol Activity 6: Solve the question below a. Find the number of moles of 960 cm? of hydrogen chloride at room condition convert 960 cm? to dm? = 960/ 1000 = 0.96 dm? then mol = volume molar volume at room condition = 0.96/24 = 0.04 mol c. Calculate the volume of 4.0 mol of helium gas, He measured at STP mol = volume/ Molar volume then change the formula volume = mol X molar volume = 4.0 X 22.4 = 89.6 dm? b. Calculate the volume of 0.3 mol of oxygen gas, 02 measured at room conditions mol = volume/ Molar volume then change the formula volume = mol X molar volume = 0.3 X 24=7.2 dm* d. Calculate the volume of 1.5 mol of hydrogen gas, Hz measured at room conditions mol = volume/ Molar volume then change the formula volume = mol X molar volume = 1.5 X 24 = 36 dm® Page 57 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation E, The relationships between the number of particles, number of moles, mass of substances and volume of gases Example 1: What is the volume of 12.8 g of oxygen gas, O2 at STP? Given mass, mean used : mass of substance/molar mass Question ask volume, mean used olume of gas/molar volume ‘The formula we used (number 2): volume of gas mass of substance molar volume molar mass then change to: volume of gas = mass of substance X molar volume molar mass 12.8 x 22.4 = 8.96 dm? 32 Example 2: how many molecules of carbon dioxide, CO. are produced when 120 cm* of the gas is released during a chemical reaction between an acid and a carbonate at room conditions? Given volume, mean used : volume of gas/molar volume Question ask molecules, mean used : number of particles/Avogadro Constant ‘This reaction happen at room condition. ‘The formula we used (number 3): number of particles = volume of gas Avogadro Constant molar volume then change to: number of particles = volume of gas X Avogadro Constant molar volume 120/ 1000) X 6.02 X 102 24 01 X 10! molecules Page 58 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation Activity 8: Solve these numerical problems 1. Mol = Volume / Molar volume then volume = mol X molar volume = 0.3 X 22.4 = 6.72 dm* 2. Convert 120 cm? to dm? 120/ 1000 = 0.12 dm? Then mol = volume / molar volume = 0.12 / 24 = 0,005 mol 3. No. of water molecule / no of Avogadro = mass / Molar Mass then no of water molecule = Mass / Molar Mass X no of Avogadro = 90/18 X 6.02 x 10% =3.01x 10? molecules 4. Volume / Molar volume = mass / molar mass ‘Then volume = mass / molar mass X molar volume = 24 / 16 X 22.4 = 33.6 dm* 5. = Mass / Molar mass X Na X (no of Al ions in Al,Os is 2] 20.4 / 102X NaX2 = 2.408 X 10? ions 6. = Volume / [Molar volume at room condition] X Na 6 / 24X Nv 1.505x10% molecules) 7. = No of molecule / Na X [Molar volume at STP] = 2.408 X 10% / Na X 22.4 = 8960 cm? Page 59 | Adura Adlin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation: F. CHEMICAL FORMULAE Activity 9: Determine the number of atom in substances. No. of atom Notes Substances eoiseele H=2 2 aiom Hydrogen combine with 1 Water, H20 oe atom Oxygen Carbon Dioxide, COz Ci ‘Ratom carbon combine with 2 atom o-2 oxygen Oxygen Gas, O» 0-2 2 atom oxygen combine with each other Ammonia, NHs T atom nitrogen combine with 3 atom hydrogen Magnesium Oxide, T atom Megnesium combine with 1 atom oxide Mgo Sodium Chloride, NaCl 1 atom sodium combine with 1 atom chloride T atom calcium combine with I atom carbon and 3 atom oxygen Calcium carbonate, CaCOs Zinc nitrate, Zn(NOs)2 T atom Zn combine with 2 atom nitrogen and 6 atom oxygen T atom aluminium combine with 3 Aluminium nitrate, atom nitrogen and 9 atom oxygen AL(NOs)s, Aluminium sulphate, 2 atom aluminium combine with 3 Ala{SOelo atom sulfur and 12 atom oxygen Activity 10: Determine the empirical formula from molecular formula Compound | Empirical formula | Molecular formula Water 70 H20 Ethene CHa CoH Butane Cos CaHio Benzene CH CoHe Sulphuric acid S04 S04 Page 60 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation A. Empirical Formula 2. Example1: Element | Al oO NOTES Mass of element (g) 1.08 0.96 T. Write the mass of substance Number of moles 1.08 0.96 2. Divide each mass by is = mass 27 16 molar mass of atom. molar mass (atom) = 0.04 = 0.06 NOT MOLECULE 0.04 0.06 3. Divide each number by the Ratio of moles 0.04 smallest number, this = question is 0.04 If answer in point, Multiply Simplest ratio of moles 2 3 each answer to make it round numb: imple, by 2. The empirical formula is AlzOs 3. Try This!!! Element Calcium, Ca Fluoride, F Mass of element (g) 0.20 0.39 - 0.20 = 0.19 Number of moles = mass molar mass (atom) 0.20 / 40 = 0.005 | 0.19 / 19 = 0.01 Ratio of moles: 0.005/ 0.005 = 1 0.01 / 0.005 = 2 Simplest ratio of moles 2 ‘The empirical formula is CaF. Activity 11: Element Copper, Cu Chloride, Cl Mass of element (g)___| 3.2, 3.55 Number of moles = mass 3.2/64=0.05 | 3.55 / 35.5=0.1 molar mass (atom) Ratio of moles 0.05) iH 0.170 ‘Simplest ratio of moles The empirical formula is CuCl, 2 Page 61 | Adura Adin Ishak [cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation: b. Element x Oxygen, O Mass of element (g) 0.54 0.96 Number of moles = __mass 0.54/27 = 0.02 | 0.96 / 16 = 0.06 molar mass (atom) Ratio of moles 0.02 / 0.02 = 1 0.06 / 0.02 = 3 ‘Simplest ratio of moles 1 3 The empirical formula is XOs cy Element Aluminium, Al Sulphur, § Mass of element (g) 60 - 38.4 = 21.6 38.4 Number of moles - mass 21.6/27 = 0.8 38.4/32 = 1.2 molar mass (atom Ratio of moles 0.8 / 0.8=1 1.2/0.8 = 1.5 ‘Simplest ratio of moles 2 [bcoz X2] 3 [beoz X2] ‘The empirical formula is Al)Ss a. Element x Oxide, O Mass of element (g) 10.35 11.95 = 10.35 = 1.6 ‘Number of moles = mass 10.35 / 207 = 0.05 | 1.6/16 = 0.1 molar mass (atom) Ratio of moles 0.05 / 0.05 = 1 0.1 [0.05 = 2 ‘Simplest ratio of moles 1 2 The empirical formula is XO» e. Elements Na s Oo percent 32.0 22.6 45.0 Mass of element (g) 32.0 22.6 45.0 Number of moles. 32.0/23 = 1.39 22.6/32 = 0.71 45.0/16 = 2.81 =___mass molar mass (atom) Ratio of moles 1.39/0.71 = 1.96 | 0.71/0.71=1 | 2.81/0.71=3.96 Simplest ratio of moles | 2 [rounding] 1 4 [rounding] The empirical formula is NaSO, Page 62 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation: f. Elements Na Br oO percent 15.23 52.98 31.79 Mass of element (g) 15.23 52.98 31.79 Number of moles 15.23/23 =0.66 | 52.98/80 = 0.66 | 31.79/16 = 1.99 = mass molar mass (atom) Ratio of moles 0.06/0.06 = 1 | 0.06/0.06 = 1 1.99/0.06 = 3.02 Simplest ratio of moles 1 1 3 The empirical formula is NaBrOs, & Elements Na 8 0 percent 29.1 40.5 30.4 Mass of element (g) 29.1 40.5 30.4 Number of moles 29.1/23= 1.27 | 40.5/32= 1.27 | 30.4/16 = 1.90 = mass molar mass (atom) Ratio of moles 1.27/1.27=1 |1.27/1.27=1 1.90/1.27 =1.50 Simplest ratio of moles 2 2 3 The empirical formula is NazS.03 4. Some question will ask to determine the relative atomic mass for element in compound. Example: 1.6 g of element X combine with 1.6 g of oxygen to produce a compound with an empirical formula X,0. What is the relative atomic mass of X. [RAM: O=16] Solution : Element x oO Mass of element (g) 1.6 1.6 Number of moles Te 16 ___mass__ x 16 molar mass (atom) -0.1 Page 63 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation: From question, empirical formula: X20 then the ratio is X: 0 = form this, we equal the number of mole to ratio for element 16/X $0.1=2 31 Then ratio, we convert to divide: 1.6 /X*01= Changeto X= 1.6 [0.1.x 2) Activity 12: Element T Q Mass of element (g) 0.09 0.08 Number of moles 0.09 = ‘ma: x molar mass (atom) =0.005 From question, empirical formula: T:Qs then the ratio is T: Q= 2:3 form this, we equal the number of mole to ratio for element 0.09/X 30.005=2 $3 ‘Then ratio, we convert to divide: 0.09 / X ¥ 0.005 = Change to X=0.09X3 = 27 [0.005 x 2] b. Element ¥ 0 Mass of element (g) 2.24 3.20 = 2.24 = 0.96 Number of moles 2.24 0.96 = mass x 16 molar mass (atom) =0.06 From question, empirical formula: Y,0; then the ratio is Y: 0= 2:3 Page 64 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation form this, we equal the number of mole to ratio for element 2.24/X 20.06=2 33 Then ratio, we convert to divide: 2.24 / X *0.06= 243 24X3 = 56 [0.06 x 2] Changeto —-X 6. Solution: ‘The percentage of copper, Cu X 100% = mass of copper, Cu mass of compound, CuCOs = 64 X 100% “124 = ...51.61.. % Activity 13: a, The percentage of water, HO = mass of water, HO mass of compound, CuSOz.5H.0 = 5(18) X 100% 250 36. % X 100% b. The percentage of Nitrogen, N = mass of nitrogen, N X 100% ‘mass of compound, (NH;)2SO+ = 214) X 100% "132 = ..21.21..% Page 65 | Adura Adlin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation B. Molecular Formula 2. Complete the table below to determine value of n and empirical formula Compound | Molecular Formula | Empirical formula| Value of a Water H2O0 H2O0 1 Carbon Dioxide CO, CO2 1 Sulphuric Acid SOs 1280; 1 Ethene CHa CHa 2 Benzene CoHe CH 6 Glucose CeHi206 CHO 6 3. Example: the empirical formula of compound is CH. Its relative molecular mass is 42. Find its molecular formula. [RAM: H=1, C=12] Solution: Empirical formula = CH) Molecular mass = 42 Used formula: (Empirical formula), = Mass of compound (CHa) » = 42 ; then replace the element with RAM [C=12 and H=1] [12 + 21) n= 42 14n = 42 n=3 then molecular formula is CsHe Activity 14: a. (empirical formula }n= molecular mass (CoHs)n-58 [2(12) + 5(1)]n = 58 29n = 58 n=2 then molecular formula = [C2Hs]2 = CaHio Page 66 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation: b. (empirical formula Ju= molecular mass (CH20)n - 60 [1(12} +2(1)+1(16)In = 60 30n = 60 n=2 then molecular formula = [CH20]2 = C2H102 ci. Element C H Mass(g) 2.16 2.52 -2.16 = 0.36 Mol 2.16/12 0.36/1 Ratio 0.18/0.18 0.36/0.18 Simple ratio 1 2 Empirical formula is CH2 ii, (CHa)a = 84, n = 6 = = > CoHia Page 67 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation: C. Ionic formula 2. The cations and anions Cations ‘Anions Jon Name —— Ton Name —— Potassium ion K Fluoride ion F Sodium fon Na’ | Chloride ion or Hydrogen ion rg Bromide ion Br Silver ion ‘Ag’ lodide ion T ‘Ammonium ion (NH) | Hydroxide ion (0H) Lithium fon Li _| Nitrate ion (NOs) - Rubidium ion Rb* Manganese (VII) ion (Mn0.)- Barium ion Ba | Carbonate ion (COs) * Calcium fon Ca® | Oxide ion oF Nickel (11) ion Ni | Sulphide ion (S03)? ‘Copper (Il} ion Cu | Sulphate ion (S04)? Tron (il) ion Fe? | Dichromate (Vi) ion (Cx207) = Lead (Il) ion Pb? | Chromate (Vij ion (Cr0.)? Zinc ion Zn* | Phosphate ion (PO.)= Magnesium fon Mg* Aluminium fon AP Tron (Ill) ion Fes? (i) Same Charge (+1, -1) Activity 15: Write chemical formula Name | Chemical | y.1, | Chemical | yj... | Chemical Formula Formula Formula Lithium . Silver Agcl Sodium Chloride ee Chloride lodide a Potassium lithium Li Silver - Iodide lodide lodide sa Sodium - a Bromide Nabr | Potassium KBr ee LiBr bromide bromide Page 68 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation (ii) Same Charge (+2, -2) Activity 16: Write chemical formula 7 Chemical = Chemical 7 Chemical ame Formula ame Formula ame Formula Calcium - eae Copper (II) : cane cao Zine Oxide ZnO eae cuo Iron (II) Lead (Il) Cobalt (II) 5 Oxide noo Oxide oe Oxide ce) (iii) Different Charge (+2, -1) Activity 17: Write chemical formula ——— Chemical i Chemical a Chemical Formula Formula Formula Calcium vi wae | 7 Copper (II) einiae CaCh Zinc Iodide | Znl, nine cuch, Iron (II) Lead (I) Cobalt (II) Iodide be Chloride aoe iodide ca (iv) Different Charge (+1, -2) Activity 18: Write chemical formula 7 Chemical 5 Chemical 7 Chemical ame Formula ame Formula ame Formula Lithium si ; Copper (I) ae Li0 Silver Oxide Ag.O Guide Cu20 (v) Different Charge Activity 19: Write chemical formula 7 Chemical 5 Chemical 7 Chemical ame Formula ame Formula ame Formula Ammonium Magnesium Aluminium Oxide (NHs)20 Hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Oxide AlLOs . AI(OH)s . . Aluminium Ammonium Barium Hydroxide Hydroxide eee Hydroxide | PA(OH)2 Page 69 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation E, Naming the Chemical Formulae a, Naming Ionic Formula 2. Example: Cation Anion Name of Ionic Compound | Chemical Formula Sodium ton | Chloride ion Sodium chloride NaCl Calcium ion | Carbonate ion Calcium Carbonate CaCOs Barium ion | Sulphate ion Barium sulphate BaSO; Potassium ion Nitrate Potassium Nitrate KNOs Lithium jon Sulphate ion Lithium Sulphate LiSO+ 4, Example: Cation Anion Name of Ionic Compound | Chemical Formula Copper(l) ion | Chloride ion Copper(l) Chloride Cucl Copper(ii) ion | Chloride ion’ Copper(il) Chloride Cauchy Tron(if) ion | Carbonate ion Iron (Il) Carbonate CuCOs Iron{ii) ion | Carbonate ion Tron(iil) carbonate Fex(COsp Lead{il) ion Oxide fon Tead{il) Oxide PbO Lead(IV) ion Oxide ion Lead{IV) oxide PbO? Page 70 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation b. Naming Molecular Compound 1. For the simple molecular compound, the name of first element us maintained as it is. The name of the second element is added with ‘ide’. Example: HCl - Hydrogen Chloride HBr - Hydrogen bromide 2. Greek prefixes are used to show the number of atoms of each element in a compound. Example co CO2 SOs - Carbon monoxide = Carbon dioxide - Sulphur trioxide Activity 21: Name the molecular compounds below No. [Formula [Names eailicen Tetrachloromethane omealiess Carbon disulfide 3. | BFS Boron trifluoride 4, |SO2 Sulphur dioxide: 5. [NO Nitrogen monoxide & [Na Dinitrogen tetroxide Page 71 | Adura Adin Ishak [cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation Chemical Equations x 22 + - 2Zn0 b, 2Ca + O2 ane 2CaO c. 4k + O2 * 2K20 dd 4Na + Qa = 2.Na2O Activity 21: Balance the equation below 1. KOH + — HNOs + KNOs+ HL [already balance] 2. 2K + Br + 2KBr 3. Zn + 2 HCl > ZnCl +H 4. MgCOs + 2HCl — MgCh + CO: + 0 5. MgCOs + MgO+ CO [already balance] 6. BaCh+ NaSOv > BaSO, + 2NaCl Exercise 2: Balance the chemical equations below. 1 2A. + = 3Ch 4-2 AIC 2. Mg + 2HNO3s + — Mg(NOs)2 + Ho 3. COR On >a CO: 4, No + 3H2 > — 2NHs 5. Cote + 302 + = 2CO2 + 220 ‘j 2FeOs + 3C + 4fe + 3CO2 7. 4Al + 302 + — 2AbOs 8. culo + 2QHCl > CuCh + 24,0 9. 2Fe + 3Ch + 2FeCh 10. Cis + 602 + = 4CO2+ = 40 Page 72 | Adura Adin Ishak [cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation: i. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 2B. 29. 3l. 32. 33. 34, 35. 36. Ca(OH)2+ 2HCI-> CaCl +2H:0 2FeCls + 3(NHy)S> FeSs+ 6 NHACI 2KNO3z — 2KNO2+O2 2AgO> 4Ag + Or 2CiHio + 1302+ 8COr + 10H0 Bro+ 2KI > Ip + KBr 2AsCl + SHS +> AsSs+ SHC! 2CsHiO + 1502+ 10CO2+ 12H:0 2Al + 3HSOs > —Ab(SOxJs + — 3He Qe + 3Ch—+ eC CsHi2 + 8Q2> 5CO2.+ 6H0 ANHs + 302+ 2N2 + 6H:0 2KOH + HSOs—> KSOs+ 2H20 2NoaHa+ = NoOe—> 3N2+ 4H20 2Fot 2H 4HF + Oo Naso + HO 2NaOH NaxCOs+ 2HNOs—> H.0+ CO2+ 2NaNOs CasP2+ 6H2O-> 2PHs+ 3Ca(OH)> SIBr+ 4NH3— Nis+ = 3NH4Br 2NHaNOzs + 2N2+ 4H2O+ Oz 2Cu+ O2 = 2Cu0 C+ Qo C& [already balance] He+ PbO Pb + H,0 [already balance] He + Ch—+ 2HCI 2NGOH + HSOs—> NawSOr+ —2H20 2Fet+ 3Ch—> 2FeCls Page 73 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation Activity 22: a, Sulphuric acid + sodium hydroxide — Sodium Sulphate + water H2SO1 + 2NaOH > NaSO; + HO +b. Silver nitrate + sodium chloride — silver chloride + sodium nitrate AgNOs + NaCl > AgCl + — NaNOs c. Copper (II) oxide + hydrochloric acid — copper (II) chloride + water CuO + 2HCI> CuCh+ H20 d. Magnesium + oxygen —> magnesium oxide 2Mg + 02 > 2MgO e. Sodium + water —> sodium hydroxide + hydrogen 2Na + 2120 > 2 NaOH + Ho £. Potassium oxide + water ~+ potassium hydroxide KO + HO > 2KOH g. Zinc oxide + nitric acid — zinc nitric + water ZnO + 2HNOs % Zn(NOsj2 + HO h, Lead (II) nitrate — lead (II) oxide + Nitrogen dioxide + oxygen 2 Pb(NOs}2 >2PbO + 4NOp + O2 i, Aluminium nitrate aluminium oxide + nitrogen dioxide + oxygen 4 Al(NOs)s > 2 ALOs + 12 NO» + 3 O02 j.Zinc carbonate + Zinc oxide + Carbon dioxide Zn(NOs)2 > ZnO + CO, Page 74 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation b. Qualitative Aspect of Chemical equations Activity 23: Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions and interpret the equations quantitatively. a. Carbon monoxide gas + oxygen gas — carbon dioxide gas 2.CO + Oz -- > 2. COz Interpreting: ..2 mol carbon monoxide, CO react with 1 mol oxygen, O2 to produce 2 mol carbon dioxide... b. Hydrogen gas + nitrogen gas - ammonia gas 3 Ha + No-- > 2NHa Interpreting: ...3 mol hydrogen gas, H2 react with 1 mol nitrogen gas, No to produce 2 mol of ammonia gas... c. Aluminium + Iron (III) oxide aluminium oxide + Iron 2 Al + Fe2Os -- > AlOs + 2 Fe Interpreting: ......2 mol Aluminium react with 1 Iron (III) oxide to produce 1 mol aluminium oxide and 2 mol Iron... c, Numerical Problems Involving Chemical Equations Activity 24: Solve the question below. a. Info Ratio Solve 34 g Ha. O Mol 0, = volume/ molar V mol H202 = 34/ [2 + 16x2]_ | | From T @stp = 34/ 34 = 1 mol equation V = mol X Molar V calculation: 0.5 = 0.5 x 22.4 = 11.2 dm? Page 75 | Adura Adlin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation b. Info Ratio Solve Given 10 g is mass Info | Solve || Question ask mass Element ‘Ag [AgsCOs The formula used |[Mol From | 4+ 2 || The formula used mol = __mass | eqaution Mol =_mass imolar mass |{Mol from | 0.09 | 0.045 Tolar mass = 10 / 108 calculation. = 0.09 mol ‘Then change to mass = mol X molar mass 0.045 X [2(108)+ 12 + 3(16)] 0.045 X 276 = 12.42 g¢ c Info Ratio Solve Given 16 gis mass Info_| Solve || Question ask mass Element [CuO | Cu ‘The formulaused ||Mol From | 4 4 || The formula used mol = __mass eqaution Mol =__mass molarmass ||Molfrom | 0.2 | 0.2 molar mass 6 / [64+16] calculation 6 / 80 ‘Then change to .2 mol a Info Ratio Solve Given 20 g is mass Info| Solve || Question ask volume Element | CaCOs| CO, ‘The formula used Mol From 1 T || The formula used mol = __mass egaution Mol =_volume inolar mass Mol from | 0.2 | 0.2 molar volume = 20/ [40 +12+3(16)] || calculation = 20 / 100 Then change to = 0.2 mol volume = mol X molar volume = 0.2 X24 = 4.8 dm? (ii). Info Ratio Solve Given 20 gis mass Info| Solve || Question ask mass Element [CaCOs | CaO The formula used Mol From 1 1 || The formula used mol = _mass eqaution Mol =_mass imolar mass Mol from | 0.2 | 0.2 molar mass = 20/ [40+12+3(16)] || calculation. 20 / 100 Then change to .2 mol mass = mol X molar mass Page 76 | Adura Adlin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010Chemistry Module Chap. 03 - Chemical Formulae and Equation: .2 X [40 + 16) =0.2X56 12g Page 77 | Adura Adin Ishak |cikguadura@gmail.com | update 2010