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BI 10. PHN BIT - TCH CC HP CHT HU C

I. Phn bit cc hp cht hu c
1. Mt s thuc th thng dng
- Qu tm :
+ RCOOH; mui RNH3Cl; aminoaxit c s nhm COOH nhiu hn NH2 : chuyn

+ RNH2 (tr C6H5NH2), mui RCOONa, aminoaxit c s nhm COOH t hn

NH2 : xanh
-

Dung dch AgNO3/NH3 :

+ Ankin c lin kt ba u mch : to kt ta vng.
+ anehit v phn t c cha nhm CHO (HCOOH, HCOOR, glucoz, fructoz,
mantoz).

Cu(OH)2/OH- :
+ RCOOH : to dung dch mu xanh.
+ RCHO v cc cht cha nhm CHO : kt ta mu gch khi un nng.
+ Glixerol, glucoz, sac, man, fruc : dung dch mu xanh lam nhit thng.
+ Polipeptit c t tripeptit tr ln : to mu tm biure c trng.

Dung dch brom ;

+ Hp cht khng no, anehit, glucoz : lm nht mu.
+ phenol, alanin : to kt ta trng.

- Dung dch KMnO4 :

+ Cc hp cht khng no : lm nht mu nhit thng.
+ Ankylbenzen : nht mu kho un nng.
-

Mt s thuc th khc : I2 (HTB); HNO3 (lng trng trng g).

2. Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: C ba cht lng benzen, anilin, stiren ng ring bit trong ba l mt nhn. Thuc th
phn bit ba cht lng trn l
A. nc brom.

B. dung dch phenolphtalein.

C. dung dch natri hiroxit.

D. giy qu tm.

Bi 2: Phn bit cc dung dch keo: h tinh bt, x phng, lng trng trng, ta dng
A. HCl, bt Al.

B. NaOH, HNO 3 . C. NaOH, I 2 .

D. HNO 3 , I 2 .

Bi 3: Thuc th c dng phn bit Gly-Ala-Gly vi Gly-Ala l

A. dung dch NaOH.

B. dung dch NaCl.

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C. Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim.

D. dung dch HCl.

Bi 4: Ch dng Cu(OH)2 c th phn bit c tt c cc dung dch ring bit trong dy no sau y
?
A. glucoz, mantoz, glixerol, anehit axetic.
B. lng trng trng, glucoz, fructoz, glixerol.
C. saccaroz, glixerol, anehit axetic, ancol etylic.
D. glucoz, lng trng trng, glixerol, ancol etylic.
Bi 5: C ba dung dch: amoni hirocacbonat, natri aluminat, natri phenolat v ba cht lng: ancol
etylic, benzen, anilin ng trong su ng nghim ring bit. Nu ch dng mt thuc th duy nht
l dung dch HCl th nhn bit c ti a bao nhiu ng nghim ?
A. 5.

B. 6.

C. 3.

D. 4.

II. Tch cc hp cht hu c

1. Phng php tch mt s cht
a) Phng php vt l
- Chit : dng tch cc cht lng khng tan vo nhau nh benzen v ancol ..
- Chng ct : dng tch cc cht c nhit si khc nhau, thng dng tch cc
cht thuc 3 nhm :
+ C nhit si thp : anehit, xeton, ete, este.
+ C nhit si cao : ancol, axit, amin.
+ Khng bay hi : mui RONa, RCOONa, RCOONH4, aminoaxit.
b) S tch mt s cht :
1)2)NaOH
- Phenol
CC
- Anilin

1) HCl
2) CC

C6H5ONa

1)CO 2
2) CC

1)2)NaOH
C6H5NH3Cl
CC

1)2)NaOH
- RCOOH
Chiet

HCl
2)1)Chiet
RCOONa

C6H5OH
C6H5NH2
RCOOH

- Anken : Br2 v Zn
- Ankin : AgNO3/HCl
2. Bi tp p dng
Bi 1: tch ring tng cht kh t hn hp propan, propen, propin ta ch cn dng cc cht l
A. Zn, dung dch Br2, dung dch NaOH, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.
B. dung dch Br2, dung dch HCl, dung dch KMnO4, Na.
C. dung dch KMnO4, dung dch NaCl, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.
D. dung dch HCl, dung dch Br2, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, Zn.

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Bi 2: tch ring tng cht t hn hp gm benzen, phenol v anilin, ta c th dng cc ho
cht l
A. dung dch Br2, dung dch NaOH v CO2.
B. dung dch Br2, dung dch HCl v CO2.
C. dung dch NaOH, dung dch NaCl v CO2.
D. dung dch NaOH, dung dch HCl v CO2 .
Bi 3: loi tp cht C2H2 khi C2H4 ngi ta cho hn hp qua dung dch
A. Brom

B. AgNO3/dd NH3

C. H2O

D. HCl

BI TP T LUYN
Bi 1: Dng mt ho cht no sau y nhn bit stiren, toluen, phenol ?
A. Dung dch Br2.

B. Dung dch HCl.

C. Dung dch NaOH.

D. Dung dch HNO3.

Bi 2: C 4 cht lng ng trong 4 l b mt nhn: ancol etylic, toluen, phenol, axit fomic.
nhn bit 4 cht c th dng nhm thuc th no sau y ?
A. Qu tm, nc Br2, dung dch NaOH. B. Dung dch Na2CO3, nc Br2, Na.
C. Qu tm, nc Br2, dung dch K2CO3.

D. Na, dung dch HCl, dung

dch AgNO3 trong NH3.

Bi 3: Ch dng thm mt cht no trong cc cht di y nhn bit cc cht: ancol etylic,
axit axetic, glixerol, glucoz ng trong 4 l mt nhn ?
A. dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.

B. Qu tm.

C. CaCO3.

D. Cu(OH)2.

Bi 4 : loi b SO2 c ln trong C2H4 ngi ta cho hn hp kh qua dung dch

A. KMnO4

B. Ca(OH)2

C. K2CO3

D. Br2.

Bi 5 : loi b tp cht C2H2, C2H4, but-1,3-ien, CH3NH2 c ln trong C2H6 ta cho hn hp

ln lt i qua dung dch
A. Br2 v NaOH B. Br2 v HCl

C. AgNO3/NH3 v NaOH

D.

AgNO3/NH3 v HCl
Bi 6: Khi lm khan ru C2H5OH c ln mt t nc ngi ta dng cch no sau y ?
A. Cho CaO khan vo ru.

B. Cho Na2SO4 khan vo ru.

C. Cho CaCl2 khan vo ru.

D. Cho tc dng mt t Na ri em chng ct.

Bi 7: Hn hp gm benzen, phenol v anilin. ly ring tng cht nguyn cht cn dng

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A. NaOH, HCl, CO2

B. NaOH, HCl, Br2

C. Na, KMnO4, HCl

D. CO2, HCl, Br2

Bi 8 : tch cc cht trong hh gm ancol etylic, anehit axetic, axit axetic cn dng cc dd
A. NaHCO3, HCl v NaOH

B. NaHSO3, HCl v NaOH

C. AgNO3/NH3; NaOH v HCl

D. NaHSO4, NaOH v HCl

Bi 9 : tch ring ly tng cht t hn hp gm benzen, anilin, phenol, ta c th dng thm

cc dung dch
A. HCl v NaOH

B. Br2 v HCl

C. NaOH v Br2

D. CO2 v HCl

Bi 10 . tch ring tng cht benzen (ts =800C) v axit axetic (ts =1180C) nn dng phng
php no sau y ?
A. Chng ct

B. Chit

C. Kt tinh

D. Chng ct phn

on
Bi 11. Cho hn hp gm CH3CHO (ts = 210C); C2H5OH (ts = 78,30C); CH3COOH

(ts 1180C)

v H2O (ts 1000C). Nn dng ho cht v phng php no sau y tch ring tng cht ?
A. Na2SO4 khan, chng ct

B. NaOH, chng ct

C. Na2SO4 khan, chit

C. NaOH, kt tinh

Bi 12 . Cho hn hp butin-1 v butin-2, tch hai hirocacbon ny cn dung dch

A. AgNO3

B. Br2

C. AgNO3/NH3, HCl

D. KMnO4

Bi 13 . Chn nhm thuc th no trong cc nhm thuc th sau tch vinyl axetilen ra khi
hn hp gm vinyl axetilen v butan ?
A. Dung dch AgNO3 / NH3 ; dung dch HCl B. Dung dch Br2 ; Zn
C. Dung dch KMnO4 ; dung dch H2SO4

D. C A, B u c

Bi 14 . C hn hp kh gm: SO2, CO2, C2H4. Chn nhm thuc th no sau y tch thu
C2H4 tinh khit ?
A. Vi sng v nc ct

B. Dung dch brom v km

C. Dung dch thuc tm v H2SO4 c

D. Dung dch bc nitrat v HCl c

Bi 15 . Dng cht no sau y tch CH 3CHO khi hn hp gm CH3CHO, CH3COOH,

CH3OH, CH3OCH3?
A. Dd HCl

B. dd AgNO3/NH3

C. NaHSO3v dd HCl

D. dd NaOH

Bi 16 . Dng cc cht no sau y tch CH3COOH khi hn hp gm CH3COOH, C2H5OH,

CH3CHO?
A. NaOH, H2SO4

B. HCl, Na

C. NaHSO3, Mg

D. HNO3, K

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Bi 17: C 4 gi bt trng: glucoz, saccaroz, tinh bt, xenluloz. Hy chn thuc th c
th nhn bit c c 4 cht trong cc thuc th sau:
A. nc, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, dung dch NaOH.
B. nc, O2 (t chy), dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.
C. nc, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, dung dch I2.
D. nc, dung dch HCl, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.

Gio vin: Phm Ngc Sn

Ngun:

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